Forms Of Government
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The document discusses different forms of government including monarchy, aristocracy, democracy, fascism, communism, authoritarian, theocratic states, and anarchy. It provides definitions and historical examples for each type of government. Students are then asked to form groups and create their own imaginary country with a chosen form of government.
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Fascism
Presentation prepared for lectures on Fascism for PS 240 Introduction to Political Theory at the University of Kentucky, Spring 2007. Dr. Christopher S. Rice, Instructor.
Three types of government and who has the power 2011 12
There are four main forms of government: autocracy, democracy, oligarchy, and republic. In an autocracy, one ruler has absolute power, such as a dictator or absolute monarch. A democracy allows citizens to vote on leaders and policies. An oligarchy concentrates power among a small group of people. A republic is a form of government where citizens elect representatives, and there is a separation of executive, legislative, and judicial powers.
Totalitarianism Vs. Liberalism
Totalitarianism rejects liberalism by establishing elite rule with absolute leadership, seeking complete control over all aspects of society. It marginalizes groups like women and Jewish people, in contrast to liberal democracy which supports free elections, civil liberties, equality, and women's rights.
overview of liberalism 2009
Classical liberalism focused on negative freedom and minimal government intervention, believing individuals should be free from interference. It viewed people as rational and self-interested, and advocated for laissez-faire economics and free markets. Modern liberalism shifted to positive freedom, seeing a role for government in providing services to help people achieve their potential and overcome barriers to opportunity. It supported a mixed economy and state intervention to guarantee certain freedoms and promote equality. Both aimed to maximize individual liberty but differed on the state's role in helping or limiting individuals.
Totalitarianism
The document defines totalitarianism as centralized control by an autocratic state authority where citizens are totally subject to the state. It was a term coined by Italian fascist leader Benito Mussolini and also associated with Adolf Hitler in Germany. Characteristics of totalitarianism include an official ideology promoted by the ruling elite, a one-party system, the imposition of terror through secret police, mass mobilization of the population through propaganda, and a lack of pluralism with all organizations controlled by the state. It differs from authoritarianism in that totalitarianism involves total control and an official ideology while authoritarianism allows some limited pluralism and freedoms for citizens.
Marxism
This document outlines the key figures, works, and concepts in Marxism and its application to literary criticism. It discusses how Karl Marx and Frederick Engels established Marxist principles in works like The Communist Manifesto and Das Kapital. It also describes how later thinkers like Lenin, Trotsky, and the Frankfurt School applied and developed Marxist literary criticism and analysis of culture. Key terms discussed include alienation, bourgeoisie, capital, and dialectical materialism.
Conservatism, Liberalism & Nationalism
This document summarizes the rise of conservatism, liberalism, and nationalism in Europe during the 19th century. It discusses how conservatism opposed the liberal and nationalist uprisings inspired by the French Revolution, seeking to preserve the status quo through a balance of power. Liberalism emerged advocating individual freedoms and rights. Nationalism grew as peoples sought self-governance based on shared identities. The revolutions of 1848 briefly spread liberal and nationalist ideals before being crushed by conservative forces, though changes were still underway in places like France under Napoleon III and in the unifications of Italy and Germany.
Liberalism
Liberalism emphasizes the multiplicity of international actors like states, international organizations, and transnational groups. Liberals see states as important actors but not the only ones, and prefer the term "world politics" over "international relations". They view states as battlegrounds for domestic and transnational interests rather than unitary, rational actors. Global civil society refers to voluntary organizations, women's groups, human rights organizations, environmental activists, and chambers of commerce. Liberals believe international cooperation is possible between states and other actors through decisive actions by both state and nonstate groups.
Recommended
Fascism
Presentation prepared for lectures on Fascism for PS 240 Introduction to Political Theory at the University of Kentucky, Spring 2007. Dr. Christopher S. Rice, Instructor.
Three types of government and who has the power 2011 12
There are four main forms of government: autocracy, democracy, oligarchy, and republic. In an autocracy, one ruler has absolute power, such as a dictator or absolute monarch. A democracy allows citizens to vote on leaders and policies. An oligarchy concentrates power among a small group of people. A republic is a form of government where citizens elect representatives, and there is a separation of executive, legislative, and judicial powers.
Totalitarianism Vs. Liberalism
Totalitarianism rejects liberalism by establishing elite rule with absolute leadership, seeking complete control over all aspects of society. It marginalizes groups like women and Jewish people, in contrast to liberal democracy which supports free elections, civil liberties, equality, and women's rights.
overview of liberalism 2009
Classical liberalism focused on negative freedom and minimal government intervention, believing individuals should be free from interference. It viewed people as rational and self-interested, and advocated for laissez-faire economics and free markets. Modern liberalism shifted to positive freedom, seeing a role for government in providing services to help people achieve their potential and overcome barriers to opportunity. It supported a mixed economy and state intervention to guarantee certain freedoms and promote equality. Both aimed to maximize individual liberty but differed on the state's role in helping or limiting individuals.
Totalitarianism
The document defines totalitarianism as centralized control by an autocratic state authority where citizens are totally subject to the state. It was a term coined by Italian fascist leader Benito Mussolini and also associated with Adolf Hitler in Germany. Characteristics of totalitarianism include an official ideology promoted by the ruling elite, a one-party system, the imposition of terror through secret police, mass mobilization of the population through propaganda, and a lack of pluralism with all organizations controlled by the state. It differs from authoritarianism in that totalitarianism involves total control and an official ideology while authoritarianism allows some limited pluralism and freedoms for citizens.
Marxism
This document outlines the key figures, works, and concepts in Marxism and its application to literary criticism. It discusses how Karl Marx and Frederick Engels established Marxist principles in works like The Communist Manifesto and Das Kapital. It also describes how later thinkers like Lenin, Trotsky, and the Frankfurt School applied and developed Marxist literary criticism and analysis of culture. Key terms discussed include alienation, bourgeoisie, capital, and dialectical materialism.
Conservatism, Liberalism & Nationalism
This document summarizes the rise of conservatism, liberalism, and nationalism in Europe during the 19th century. It discusses how conservatism opposed the liberal and nationalist uprisings inspired by the French Revolution, seeking to preserve the status quo through a balance of power. Liberalism emerged advocating individual freedoms and rights. Nationalism grew as peoples sought self-governance based on shared identities. The revolutions of 1848 briefly spread liberal and nationalist ideals before being crushed by conservative forces, though changes were still underway in places like France under Napoleon III and in the unifications of Italy and Germany.
Liberalism
Liberalism emphasizes the multiplicity of international actors like states, international organizations, and transnational groups. Liberals see states as important actors but not the only ones, and prefer the term "world politics" over "international relations". They view states as battlegrounds for domestic and transnational interests rather than unitary, rational actors. Global civil society refers to voluntary organizations, women's groups, human rights organizations, environmental activists, and chambers of commerce. Liberals believe international cooperation is possible between states and other actors through decisive actions by both state and nonstate groups.
Gramsci and Foucault: Hegemony in the Global Episteme
This document provides an overview and comparison of the theorists Antonio Gramsci and Michel Foucault. It discusses some of their major concepts, including hegemony, power/knowledge, discipline, and resistance. Gramsci viewed power in terms of macro-level social classes and the state, while Foucault focused on micro-level power relations between individuals. The document suggests that Foucault and Gramsci can be understood as complementary, with hegemony situated within discursive practices and resistance possible through collective action and revolution of the self. It provides context on the theorists and summarizes a book that reassesses their ideas.
Liberalism & it's effect on society
Liberalism's core political values of individualism, individual freedoms, and primacy of individual rights emerged in response to religious conflicts in Europe. However, these values are based on the flawed premise of individualism, which views humans as isolated from their social contexts. This has led to increasing social problems in liberal societies as evidenced by research. Liberal values do not promote social cohesion and have been linked to rising rates of issues like crime and family breakdown. An alternative is needed that recognizes the social nature of humans and aims to foster strong, well-functioning communities.
Liberalism
PowerPoint developed for lectures on Liberalism and delivered to PS 240 Introduction to Political Theory at the University of Kentucky, Spring 2007 by Dr. Christopher S. Rice, Instructor.
Gramsci and hegemony
Gramsci introduces the concept of hegemony to explain how the ruling class maintains dominance over society through ideas and values, not just coercion. He argues the proletariat must develop its own counter-hegemony through organic intellectuals and a political party to overcome the ruling class's hegemony and lead society. Gramsci believed change comes through new ideas that affect individuals, not just economic forces, and the ruling class relies on consent through influential institutions to maintain control, even during economic crises, until society no longer accepts their hegemony.
Gramsci
Antonio Gramsci was an Italian communist philosopher who wrote extensively about cultural hegemony while imprisoned by Mussolini's fascist government in the 1920s-1930s. In his Prison Notebooks, published posthumously, Gramsci argued that the ruling class maintains power not just through economic means but also by promoting their worldview as common sense through cultural institutions. He believed constant struggle occurred in the cultural realm between different ideologies, and that political change could emerge during times of crisis when the authority of the dominant ideology is challenged.
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Political Spectrum
The document discusses political ideologies along a spectrum from left to right. It notes that governments attempt to balance freedom and equality, and that different political positions vary in their beliefs about these concepts. It then defines a political spectrum as placing positions on geometric axes to symbolize dimensions like liberal-conservative. The far left and right of the spectrum represent totalitarianism while the center represents democratic forms of government.
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Hannah Arendt was a German-American political philosopher who fled Nazi Germany. She wrote extensively on totalitarianism, power, politics, and democracy. Her major works analyzed the nature and rise of totalitarian regimes like Nazi Germany. Recent articles have discussed whether Arendt's analysis of totalitarianism can help explain contemporary politics under Donald Trump. Some argue her work illuminates today's situation by identifying the dangers of lies in politics and the erosion of public discourse. Others argue Arendt should not be directly applied to understand Trump or compared to past totalitarian leaders. There is debate around how useful Arendt's philosophical framework is for analyzing current events.
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3. More recent theorists like Wallerstein propose a world-systems analysis, seeing the global economy as a single capitalist world-system with core, semi-periphery, and periphery states.
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Facism
Fascism is defined as a totalitarian philosophy that glorifies the state and assigns it control over all aspects of national life. Fascists believe the state is absolute and individuals exist to serve it. Fascism in Italy began after World War 1, led by Benito Mussolini. Mussolini used his Fascist squads, known as Squadristi, to gain power through violence and intimidation. By 1922, Mussolini had become Prime Minister through threats of chaos. He established a totalitarian fascist state ruled by his Fascist Party, though it was ineffective and compromised with the Catholic Church.
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The document outlines several different political ideologies:
1) Liberalism stresses individual rights, decentralized government, personal freedom, and reducing inequities. John Locke and John Stuart Mill believed in equal and independent humans with inalienable rights.
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3) Socialism and Marxism are based on class struggle and public ownership over resources for the benefit of all. Karl Marx believed capitalism could only be overthrown through class struggle leading to a classless society.
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The document discusses key concepts in liberalism including:
1) Liberal philosophy is based on four main elements: equality, liberty, individuality, and rationality.
2) Liberal political theory proposes a strict distinction between the state and civil society and an ambivalence about the benefits of democracy.
3) John Rawls' theory of justice proposes two principles: equal liberty for all and inequality only if it benefits the least well-off.
The revolutions
The document discusses several results and impacts of the American Revolution, French Revolution, Haitian Revolution, and post-colonial Latin America. It notes that the American Revolution established a stable democratic government with expanded voting rights and protections for individual liberties, while the French Revolution saw frequent changes between republic and monarchy with periods of violence. The Haitian Revolution was the only successful slave revolt that redistributed land but internal divisions persisted, and it inspired caution in Latin American independence movements.
The revolutions results 2014
This document discusses the outcomes and impacts of several different revolutions:
- The American Revolution resulted in the stable new government outlined in the US Constitution and Bill of Rights, though slavery continued and democracy was gradual.
- The French Revolution led to more involvement in politics by ordinary citizens but also instability, as the government changed between republic and monarchy with periods of violence. It also spread revolutionary ideals through European conquest.
- The Haitian Revolution was the only successful slave revolt in history, resulting in independence but also poverty and divisions in Haiti.
- Latin American independence movements were more cautious due to inspiration from Haiti's instability after its revolution.
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This document provides an overview and comparison of the theorists Antonio Gramsci and Michel Foucault. It discusses some of their major concepts, including hegemony, power/knowledge, discipline, and resistance. Gramsci viewed power in terms of macro-level social classes and the state, while Foucault focused on micro-level power relations between individuals. The document suggests that Foucault and Gramsci can be understood as complementary, with hegemony situated within discursive practices and resistance possible through collective action and revolution of the self. It provides context on the theorists and summarizes a book that reassesses their ideas.
Liberalism & it's effect on society
Liberalism's core political values of individualism, individual freedoms, and primacy of individual rights emerged in response to religious conflicts in Europe. However, these values are based on the flawed premise of individualism, which views humans as isolated from their social contexts. This has led to increasing social problems in liberal societies as evidenced by research. Liberal values do not promote social cohesion and have been linked to rising rates of issues like crime and family breakdown. An alternative is needed that recognizes the social nature of humans and aims to foster strong, well-functioning communities.
Liberalism
PowerPoint developed for lectures on Liberalism and delivered to PS 240 Introduction to Political Theory at the University of Kentucky, Spring 2007 by Dr. Christopher S. Rice, Instructor.
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Gramsci introduces the concept of hegemony to explain how the ruling class maintains dominance over society through ideas and values, not just coercion. He argues the proletariat must develop its own counter-hegemony through organic intellectuals and a political party to overcome the ruling class's hegemony and lead society. Gramsci believed change comes through new ideas that affect individuals, not just economic forces, and the ruling class relies on consent through influential institutions to maintain control, even during economic crises, until society no longer accepts their hegemony.
Gramsci
Antonio Gramsci was an Italian communist philosopher who wrote extensively about cultural hegemony while imprisoned by Mussolini's fascist government in the 1920s-1930s. In his Prison Notebooks, published posthumously, Gramsci argued that the ruling class maintains power not just through economic means but also by promoting their worldview as common sense through cultural institutions. He believed constant struggle occurred in the cultural realm between different ideologies, and that political change could emerge during times of crisis when the authority of the dominant ideology is challenged.
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The fifth presentation in the series called Political Ideologies. It is suitable for History and International Relations from Year 9 to university level. It contains the following: Marx, The Capital, Communist Manifesto, dialectical materialism, socialism, forms of Marxism, classical Marxism, the utopians, Hegels, mode of production, Hegel's thesis, Hegelian dialectic, Marx theory of history, stages of Marxism, communism, classless society,
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Totalitarian regimes strive to regulate all public and private aspects of life. They maintain power through propaganda disseminated via state-controlled media, a single ruling party, personality cults, economic control, and censorship. Totalitarian media is controlled by the central authority to promote the state and suppress opposition. Regimes like Fascist Italy, Nazi Germany, Stalinist Russia, Cuba, and North Korea established strict control over media to indoctrinate citizens and glorify the leader.
Voilent Struggle or Rational Debate
This document discusses the debate between rational debate versus violent struggle as means of achieving social change. It focuses on the works of Franz Fanon who argued that violent struggle is necessary for decolonization. The document analyzes Fanon's perspective in comparison to Immanuel Kant's view that social change is best achieved through rational debate and intellectual progress. It argues that Kant's philosophy is too limited and individualistic, failing to account for power structures and oppression that can prevent social change through rational means alone. Ultimately, the document concludes that while violent struggle may be a necessary means for social change in some contexts, its outcomes and aftermath are unpredictable, making it an uncertain path.
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The document discusses political ideologies along a spectrum from left to right. It notes that governments attempt to balance freedom and equality, and that different political positions vary in their beliefs about these concepts. It then defines a political spectrum as placing positions on geometric axes to symbolize dimensions like liberal-conservative. The far left and right of the spectrum represent totalitarianism while the center represents democratic forms of government.
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Anarchism advocates for a stateless society without hierarchies or centralized forms of coercive government. It envisions self-governed communities and organizations that are voluntarily coordinated through direct democracy and non-hierarchical decision-making. Anarchists oppose all forms of domination and instead support freedom, equality, and cooperation. They argue for extending democratic principles from political systems into other areas of society, including the economy and education.
The cult of personality as an important feature of totalitarian propaganda
This document discusses the cult of personality that emerged around totalitarian leaders Stalin, Mussolini, and Hitler. It provides context on the growth of right-wing populism in Europe and examines how each dictator developed extensive personality cults to consolidate their power and legitimize their totalitarian regimes. The cult of Stalin in particular grew enormously after his 50th birthday celebration in 1929, where he began to rival Lenin's cult in scale after taking dictatorial control of the Soviet Union.
Liberalism (fragmentation of power)
Liberalism supports individual freedom and limiting the power of political bodies. It proposes fragmenting power through mechanisms like separation of powers, federalism/devolution, bicameral legislatures, codified constitutions, and regular elections. This ensures no single group can dominate and individuals are protected from tyranny. Specifically, liberals argue power should be divided between the executive, legislative, and judicial branches to provide checks and balances, as well as devolving some powers to subnational governments.
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Gramsci's theory of cultural hegemony posits that the ruling class maintains power through both coercion and consent. The ruling class promotes the values and norms of its ideology through cultural institutions like media and education, so that its worldview becomes the "common sense" perspective accepted by all classes. However, consent must be continuously earned, as the subordinate classes' lived experiences may cause them to reject the dominant ideology. The mass media plays a key role in this ideological struggle.
Top Selling Audiobooks On Liberty
John Stuart Mill's 1859 work "On Liberty" is a classic exploration of social and civic liberty that defends individual freedom against state authority. Drawing from political philosophers like Locke, Berkeley, and Hume, as well as utilitarian thinkers like Bentham, Mill argues that individual liberties should only be limited to prevent harm to others. He supports representative democracy as the culmination of increasing liberty over time, recognizing its risk of "tyranny of the majority." Central to Mill's philosophy is the "harm principle" that individual actions are free unless they interfere with the rights of others.
Arendt
Hannah Arendt was a German-American political philosopher who fled Nazi Germany. She wrote extensively on totalitarianism, power, politics, and democracy. Her major works analyzed the nature and rise of totalitarian regimes like Nazi Germany. Recent articles have discussed whether Arendt's analysis of totalitarianism can help explain contemporary politics under Donald Trump. Some argue her work illuminates today's situation by identifying the dangers of lies in politics and the erosion of public discourse. Others argue Arendt should not be directly applied to understand Trump or compared to past totalitarian leaders. There is debate around how useful Arendt's philosophical framework is for analyzing current events.
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1. Marxist and neo-Marxist international relations theories view the international system through a Marxist lens, emphasizing the centrality of economic factors and class struggle.
2. Key thinkers include Lenin, who analyzed imperialism as the highest stage of capitalism, and Gramsci, who developed the concept of cultural and ideological hegemony.
3. More recent theorists like Wallerstein propose a world-systems analysis, seeing the global economy as a single capitalist world-system with core, semi-periphery, and periphery states.
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This document discusses Karl Marx's philosophical perspective on rioting and class struggle. It explains that Marx viewed history as progressing through stages defined by class conflict between ruling and oppressed social groups. Each stage is eventually overthrown through revolution. For Marx, rioting represents the proletariat expressing discontent with bourgeois domination and is a form of small-scale class struggle, as societies inevitably progress toward global communist revolution overthrowing capitalist rule.
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Fascism is defined as a totalitarian philosophy that glorifies the state and assigns it control over all aspects of national life. Fascists believe the state is absolute and individuals exist to serve it. Fascism in Italy began after World War 1, led by Benito Mussolini. Mussolini used his Fascist squads, known as Squadristi, to gain power through violence and intimidation. By 1922, Mussolini had become Prime Minister through threats of chaos. He established a totalitarian fascist state ruled by his Fascist Party, though it was ineffective and compromised with the Catholic Church.
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The document outlines several different political ideologies:
1) Liberalism stresses individual rights, decentralized government, personal freedom, and reducing inequities. John Locke and John Stuart Mill believed in equal and independent humans with inalienable rights.
2) Conservatism believes in respecting past traditions and gradual reforms. Edmund Burke believed in a hierarchical society with leadership given to those most qualified.
3) Socialism and Marxism are based on class struggle and public ownership over resources for the benefit of all. Karl Marx believed capitalism could only be overthrown through class struggle leading to a classless society.
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The document discusses key concepts in liberalism including:
1) Liberal philosophy is based on four main elements: equality, liberty, individuality, and rationality.
2) Liberal political theory proposes a strict distinction between the state and civil society and an ambivalence about the benefits of democracy.
3) John Rawls' theory of justice proposes two principles: equal liberty for all and inequality only if it benefits the least well-off.
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The document discusses several results and impacts of the American Revolution, French Revolution, Haitian Revolution, and post-colonial Latin America. It notes that the American Revolution established a stable democratic government with expanded voting rights and protections for individual liberties, while the French Revolution saw frequent changes between republic and monarchy with periods of violence. The Haitian Revolution was the only successful slave revolt that redistributed land but internal divisions persisted, and it inspired caution in Latin American independence movements.
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- The American Revolution resulted in the stable new government outlined in the US Constitution and Bill of Rights, though slavery continued and democracy was gradual.
- The French Revolution led to more involvement in politics by ordinary citizens but also instability, as the government changed between republic and monarchy with periods of violence. It also spread revolutionary ideals through European conquest.
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Chapter 6. The Totalitarian Model: A False Utopia
Learning Objectives
· 1Define totalitarianism.
· 2Describe the role of ideology in totalitarian states.
· 3Identify the three most infamous totalitarian rulers and how they earned that reputation.
· 4Describe the three developmental stages in the life of a totalitarian state.
· 5Determine the value of studying totalitarianism even though the world’s worst examples of totalitarian rule have passed into the pages of history.
A new and more malignant form of tyranny called totalitarianism reared its ugly head in the twentieth century. The term itself denotes complete domination of a society and its members by tyrannical rulers and imposed beliefs. The totalitarian obsession with control extends beyond the public realm into the private lives of citizens.
Imagine living in a world in which politics is forbidden and everything is political—including work, education, religion, sports, social organizations, and even the family. Neighbors spy on neighbors and children are encouraged to report “disloyal” parents. “Enemies of the people” are exterminated.
Who are these “enemies“? Defined in terms of whole categories or groups within society, they typically encompass hundreds of thousands and even millions of people who are “objectively” counterrevolutionary—for example, Jews and Gypsies (Romany) in Nazi Germany, the bourgeoisie (middle class) and kulaks (rich farmers) in Soviet Russia, and so on. By contrast, authoritarian governments typically seek to maintain political power (rather than to transform society) and more narrowly define political enemies as individuals (not groups) actively engaged in opposing the existing state.
Why study totalitarianism now that the Soviet Union no longer exists? First, communism is not the only possible form of totalitarian state. The examples of Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy are reminders that totalitarianism is not a product of one ideology, regime, or ruler. Second, totalitarianism is an integral part of contemporary history. Many who suffered directly at the hands of totalitarian dictators or lost loved ones in Hitler’s Holocaust, Stalin’s Reign of Terror, Mao’s horrific purges, or other more recent instances of totalitarian brutality are still living. The physical and emotional scars of the victims remain even after the tyrants are long g ...
Types of government
This document compares different forms of government by looking at who the ruler is, how they are chosen, and the rights afforded to citizens. It examines dictatorships, constitutional and absolute monarchies, parliamentary and presidential democracies, theocracies, and oligarchies. Examples are provided for each type of government.
International relations part 1
International relations theories aim to explain global politics and relations between states. Realism is a prominent theory that views states as rational actors competing for power in an anarchic international system. According to realism, states pursue power to ensure their own security in the absence of a higher authority. The 1648 Treaty of Westphalia established the modern system of sovereign states interacting within this anarchic structure. Realism posits that states will continue seeking to maximize their share of power to survive within this self-help system.
Facism
Fascism is a totalitarian philosophy that glorifies the state and assigns it control over all aspects of national life. Fascism emerged in post-WWI Italy in response to nationalism, socialism, and fears of social disorder. Benito Mussolini founded the fascist movement and rose to power as Prime Minister in 1922, establishing a dictatorship and cult of personality around himself. Mussolini imposed a totalitarian regime through propaganda, indoctrination of youth, and suppression of dissent. However, fascism in Italy lacked the effectiveness of other totalitarian states and compromised with existing power structures like the Catholic Church.
Facism-Anarchism-by-Group-2-PolGov (1).pptx
This document provides an overview of fascism and anarchism. It defines fascism as an authoritarian right-wing ideology emphasizing nationalism and state power. Fascism originated in Italy after World War 1 under Mussolini. Key characteristics include militarism, nationalism, corporatism, and suppression of opposition. The document also discusses prominent fascist leaders like Hitler, Franco, and aspects of fascism in the Philippines under Marcos. Anarchism is defined as a philosophy seeking to abolish unjust hierarchies and the state. It originated in ancient times but grew in the 19th century. Key anarchist principles are outlined, as well as prominent figures and its history in the Philippines. Differences between fascism and anarchism are contrasted.
8 Slides
The document discusses democracy and its opponents. It provides an overview of the history of democracy from ancient Athens to modern liberal democracies. It also outlines justifications for democracy and critiques of democracy from thinkers like Plato, Marx, Qutb, and Chomsky. While acknowledging democracy's problems, the conclusion is that liberal democracy generally provides better outcomes for societies and is preferred by most people worldwide to alternative forms of government.
Chap 23
The document summarizes major events in Europe from 1750-1914, including the Enlightenment, the American and French Revolutions, and the rise of new ideologies like conservatism, liberalism, and radicalism. It also discusses the unification of Italy and Germany in the 19th century. Key figures discussed include Locke, Voltaire, Rousseau, Napoleon, Cavour, Garibaldi, and Bismarck. The document traces the development of nationalist ideas and how they contributed to the formation of modern European nation-states.
Dean r berry how people are governed
The document provides a historical overview of different forms of government from ancient times to the present. It discusses that for most of history, small groups or individuals like powerful families, kings, pharaohs, and dictators held complete control over populations. It was not until around 300 years ago that representative democracies began to emerge, first in England and later in the United States, as power became distributed among elected representatives rather than one absolute ruler. The roots of democracy have been a long struggle, but today many nations enjoy democratic freedoms.
Dean r berry how people are governed revised 6 12-18
The document provides a summary of different forms of government throughout history from ancient times to the present. It discusses that for most of history, people were ruled by powerful families or individuals such as pharaohs, lords, and kings who had absolute power. As populations grew, feudal systems and monarchies developed in Europe and absolute rulers passed power down through royal families. The document then outlines the development of democracy, noting that it took hundreds of years and revolutions in places like America and France to establish democratic systems with constitutions and representative governments.
Chap 23
The document summarizes major events in Europe from 1750-1914, including the Enlightenment, the American and French Revolutions, and the rise of new ideologies like conservatism, liberalism, and radicalism. It also discusses the unification of Italy and Germany in the 19th century. Key figures discussed include Locke, Voltaire, Rousseau, Napoleon, Cavour, Garibaldi, and Bismarck. The document traces the development of nationalist ideas and how they contributed to the formation of modern European nation-states.
D7 revised
The document discusses different forms of non-democratic governments including dictatorships, totalitarianism, communism, and fascism. It defines key terms and provides examples of different types of dictatorships. It also examines the features of totalitarianism including the use of force, indoctrination, propaganda, and scapegoating. The document analyzes the failures of the Weimar government in Germany and contrasts liberal democracy with communist and fascist systems of government.
Imperialism
This is a brief introduction to what is Imperialism? Old and new Imperialism, Factors and causes of Imperialism, Theories of imperialism and the evils and advantages.
PSC 101 Political Ideologies.ppt
1. The document discusses different political ideologies including autocracy, democracy, communism, and fascism.
2. Autocracy is the oldest form of government where power is concentrated in the hands of one individual. Democracy is a newer form where power resides with the people.
3. Communism, as conceived by Karl Marx, calls for social ownership of resources and a classless society, but implementing it in practice has proven difficult without an authoritarian state.
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Forms Of Government
- 2. Monarchy Undivided rule of a single person (King, Queen) The power is hereditary
- 3. Monarchy Examples European powers in the Middle Ages France England
- 4. Aristocracy Rule by the Elites Elites are people who are Wealthy Well educated Can be hereditary
- 5. Aristocracy Examples Patricians in Rome Medieval nobility in Europe
- 6. Democracy Power lies in the people The power can be exercised Directly Indirectly Through representation
- 7. Democracy Examples Direct democracy Some ancient Greek city-states (Athens) Indirect democracy The United States
- 8. Fascist Militant Social Hierarchy Headed by a dictatorial leader
- 9. Fascist Examples Nazi Germany Italy under Mussolini
- 10. Communist Large powerful government Eliminate private property Public ownership
- 11. Communist Examples The Soviet Union North Korea China
- 12. Authoritarian Power controlled by a leader or small Elite Not responsible to the people (no constitution)
- 13. Authoritarian Example Some Latin American governments in the 20th century
- 14. Theocratic States States that are ruled by religion Religious leaders rule the government
- 15. Theocratic States Examples The Papal States Iran
- 16. Anarchy No government People rule and protect themselves Can be both good and bad
- 17. Anarchy Example Anarchist movements in 1870-1940
- 18. Forms of Government Get into groups of 4 Come up with a name for your own country Discuss what type of government you want to rule your new country
- 19. References fascism. (2009). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved October 01, 2009, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/202210/fascism theocracy. (2009). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved October 01, 2009, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/590558/theocracy aristocracy. (2009). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved October 01, 2009, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/34430/aristocracy monarchy. (2009). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved October 01, 2009, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/388855/monarchy communism. (2009). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved October 01, 2009, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/129104/communism authoritarianism. (2009). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved October 01, 2009, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/44640/authoritarianism democracy. (2009). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved October 01, 2009, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/157129/democracy anarchism. (2009). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved October 01, 2009, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/22753/anarchism Clipart from Microsoft