Great PPT for students

1. How People are Governed:
Past and Present
Free PowerPoint Version
At slideshare.com
By: Dean Berry, Ed. D.
Gregg Berry, B. A.

2. Free PowerPoint Version at
slideshare.com
Type in PPT title or dean r berry

3. Governments
Through the Ages

4. For thousands of years people
have lived under different
types of governments.

5. Most of the time, people were ruled by the
most powerful and influential family in the
village. As larger cities developed, these
families became more powerful and added
large military forces. As time went by, rulers
passed their power down to their heirs.

6. Class Discussion
Do you know what a monarchy
is?
What is a “royal family”?
Can a monarchy also be a
democracy?

8. For the last six thousand years of
recorded history, governments have
been controlled by one individual or a
very small group. These leaders have
gone by several different titles.

9. Discuss
How many different titles of
rulers with complete power can
you name?

11. Ancient Egyptians were ruled by
Pharaohs who had absolute power over
all of the people. The Pharaoh’s word
was law.

13. King Tutankhamen ruled Egypt as pharaoh
for 10 years until his death at age 19.How
would you like to have a 10 year old making and
enforcing all of yourlaws?

14. Pharaohs like Tutankhamun used their
power and wealth to build huge
pyramids and elaborate gold masks to
ensure a safe entry into the afterlife.

15. During the Middle Ages, areas of
Europe were ruled by powerful lords
who built castles and fortresses to
protect their kingdoms.

16. The system of government used by lords
was referred to as feudalism.

18. Powerfullords built castlesthat were surroundedby
moats with drawbridgesthatcouldberaised when
enemies wereattacking.

19. Thelordofthecastleandhisnoblesandknightswerewell
protectedwhenthebridgewasdrawn.Theserfsandtheir
familiesweremuchless protectedonthefarmlandthat
surroundedtheouterareasofthemanor.

20. The Castle and surrounding land was called the
manor and provided fields and living quarters for
those who lived under the control of the lord.

22. Under feudalism everyone provided a
service to the lord and his manor and
received protection in return.

24. Class Discussion
Other than the lord, who had the best deal
under feudalism?
Who had the worst deal under feudalism?
Whose job was the most dangerous?

25. In many parts of the world people lived in
small villages and lacked protection from
invaders. Often times, powerful leaders with
small armies took over areas and charged
taxes for protection. These lords fought with
each other over territory.

27. If a War Lord gained power over a very
large area, he could, become King and
pass control on to his heirs. As king and
queens became more powerful they
exerted total control over their kingdom.

28. The Kings in Europe wanted absolute
power to reign over their empires.
The people in England wanted a
representative group called Parliament to
have more power than the monarchy. It
took hundreds of years for the people in
England to wrest power from the
monarchy.

29. Kings and queens used their large
armies to keep all of the governing
power under their control.

30. During the last 200 years many
countries have been ruled by
generals who used their military
forces to control the population.

31. How do these types of governments
differ from each other?

32. During the early twentieth century,
most countries in the world were
ruled by military dictators.

33. GeneralIdiAminofUgandabrutallyruledfrom1972 until
1979. Hemurderedover250,000 ofhisownpeoplewho
disagreedwithhispolicies.

35. Discuss
Why do people live in a country ruled by a
dictator?
What can people do to change from a dictatorship
to a democracy?
Why do many countries remain dictatorships
today?

36. In the 1700’s and 1800’s new inventions enabled
some countries to create industries with
products that could be traded to other countries.
Smaller and weaker countries were often
controlled as colonies so their raw materials
could be traded to the more powerful countries.

37. Some countries became colonies and
were governed by more powerful
countries that were far away. People in
colonies rarely had any individual rights
or participation in their government.

39. During the 20th century some European
countries rallied around strong leaders and
strong cultural values. They developed a
powerful sense of pride and felt their country
was always right and needed to be protected
from other countries.

40. National pride was a powerful tool that many
military leaders used to rally their population
to support aggressive action against other
countries.

42. Class Discussion
Is your country always
right?
Does your country ever make mistakes?
Can you support your country but disagree
about some things your government does?
What do you think about the idea of “my
country right or wrong”?

43. The feeling of nationalism
spawned different ideas about
how countries should be
governed.

45. Adolph Hitler led Germany during the
1930’s and helped create intense nationalism
that led to a fascist style government.

47. Adolph Hitler murderedover six million people as
partof the holocaust in Germany.

48. Discuss
Who controlled the government
under Hitler’s fascism?
Were minority rights and views protected in Nazi
Germany?
Under fascism who made the major
social, economic, and political
decisions for the citizens of
Germany?

49. Adolph Hitler is generally considered
the most brutal dictator in history.

50. During this same time period,
Russia and China turned to a
new style of governing called
communism.

52. Discuss
Who should decide what news is broadcast on
television and the internet?
Who should decide which career you choose?
Should people be paid the same even if they
have lower skills and less training than others?

53. The three faces of communism in
Russia and China were Karl Marx,
Vladimir Lenin, and Mao Zedong.

54. Today, North Korea, a communist
government, makes all citizens who
meet the age requirement serve in the
army.

56. The freedoms we enjoy today have only been
around for the last 200 years. Throughout
history most people lived with no freedom at
all. Small steps toward democratic freedoms
occurred periodically.

57. The first ideas about the need for laws
evolved in the Middle East under
Hammurabi’s Code of Laws over
3,500 years ago. Then, twenty five hundred
years ago the Greeks came up with the
idea of representative government
.But democracy took another 2,000 years
and much blood shed to be adopted.

58. Today, many countries in the world enjoy
democracy. But democracy took hundreds
of years to be tested and refined before it
was utilized as a common form of
government. England and the United States
led the way for this new form of government.

59. Class Discussion
Why do you think it is so difficult for
countries to develop representative
forms of government?
What has to happen for a
dictatorship to become a democracy?

60. Evolution of Democracy
1500 B.C.- Hammurabi code of Laws
500 B.C.- Democracy in Athens
250 B.C.- Senate in Rome
1215 A.D.- Magna Carta in England
1688 A.D.- Parliament in England
1789- Constitution in America

61. The U.S. Constitution was written over 215
years ago and is the basis for our democratic
form of government.
CONSTITUTION BILL OF RIGHTS

62. The roots of democracy took hold
over 300 years ago.
In 1688, England took a big step toward reducing the power
of the monarchy by establishing a parliament that provided
representative government. Almost a hundred years later,
the United States wrote a constitution that provided the
framework for a democratic government.

63. It took a revolution and separation
from England to bring democracy to
the United States.

64. In 1776, the United States broke
away from England and wrote the
Declaration of Independence.

66. While the French revolution was,at times, very
bloody, manyideas aboutfreedom anddemocracy
were advocated by FrenchPhilosopherslike
Montesquieu and Rousseau.

67. The Impact of French Philosophers
Montesquieu presented the concept of
“checks and balances” to spread power
within a government. Our three branches of
government are based on this important idea.
In addition, Rousseau wrote the “Social
Contract” in which he advocated the belief that
sovereignty and the power to govern should
reside in the hands of the people.

68. AlthoughtheFrench Revolution beganjustastheAmerican
Revolution concluded,Frenchphilosophersprovidedideasthat
helpedformthebasisforAmericandemocracy.

69. As Americans, we have a United States
Constitution, Bill of Rights, and
freedom to vote for our government
officials. If we do not like our leaders, we
can toss them out of office and elect new
leaders.

70. Class Discussion
Why is it important to have a
written constitution?
How might things be different if
we did not have a constitution?

72. World Governments Ancient to
Modern 4 min
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9O9M7WHBSIc

73. A History of the World in 2 minutes
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZKOtTnaxC1A

74. The Middle Ages
2 min
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hQq6OeiEfrg

75. The Monarchy
1 min Excellent
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6ompywuaDN0

76. Absolute Monarchies
1 min
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3GGUvJtIZAc

77. Who are Kings Today?
3 min
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tgQ9wk4p7IU

78. The Rules for Rulers
19 min Animated Excellent!!!!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rStL7niR7gs

79. The Difference Between a Monarchy
and a Dictatorship
3 min
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X
BcySp-11Dw

80. Check-up and Review
Raise your green card if you believe the statement is
true or your red card if you think it is false.

81. True or False-1
Dictators, emperors, pharaohs, and
kings were similar in that they
made all the major decisions for
their countries.

82. True-1

83. True or False-2
Under feudalism most people
were serfs (peasants) who worked
the land for the lord but had no
individual rights or freedoms.

84. True-2

85. True or False-3
Throughout history most Kings
had parliament so they could
share the power of governing
with elected representatives.

86. False-3

87. True or False-4
During the 1700’s and 1800’s countries
such as England, Spain, France, and
others established colonies that provided
important trading advantages and good
sources of natural resources.

88. True-4

89. True or False-5
Communism and Fascism were
similar types of governments in that
they both resulted in the total
control of society by the
government.

90. True-5

91. True or False-6
Most countries that used a communist style of
government have been very successful
because the government encouraged new
businesses, innovations, and the opportunity
to make profit by working hard.

92. False-6

93. True or False-7
The first attempt at
democracy began in Athens,
Greece about 2500 years ago.

94. True-7

95. True or False-8
The first major attempt to
reduce the power of kings was
called the Glorious Revolution
of 1688 in England.

96. True-8

97. True or False-9
Under democracy citizens are able
to vote for their representatives in
government and rarely need a
written constitution.

98. False-9

99. True or False-10
Under feudalism the lord
needed knights to protect the
castle and the manor from
invading armies.

100. True-10

101. Government Test 1
1. Generals who fight with each other for control of
territory within a country.
2. The government controls the economy and political
decisions in a country.
3. Rule by the Elite and Superior where the majority
dominates the minority.
4. A government that encourages many differences
and opinions.
5. Ruled and controlled by a mother country.

102. Government Test 2
1. A military dictatorship usually has a written
constitution to protect human rights.
2. Under feudalism the Knights control the Lords and
Vassals.
3. Under Communism the government controls all
information and decides what jobs are best for
people.
4. Under feudalism the Lords own the land and the
Serfs work the land.
5. Communism and Fascism encourage personal
freedoms and individual rights.

103. Conduct Research on the Issues
Use technology and text sources to gather
information about a controversial issue that pits one
person’s freedom against another person’s rights.
Sometimes one person’s right to do something comes
in conflict with another person’s rights. For example,
issues such as gun control, gay marriage, public
smoking, public profanity, or reproductive rights may
come in conflict with someone else’s rights. Select a
controversial issue and develop a pro or con position
supported by clear arguments and evidence. Review
the U.S. Constitution and Supreme Court decisions
related to the issue, and develop your argument.
This will be a short research assignment and should
generate two or three pages of notes. The notes will
used during the next class discussion to review ideas and
solutions and to write a proposal.

104. Essential Questions to Guide Research
1. How does the U.S. Constitution protect the “right”
that your are researching?
2. What do Supreme Court decisions say about the
issue?
3. What examples can you find that demonstrate how
your position on this issue should supersede other
positions on this issue?
4. What arguments can you find that demonstrate how
this “right” you are supporting does not infringe on the
constitutional rights of others?

105. Pro or Con Gay Marriage
http://gaymarriage.procon.org/

106. Pro or Con Abortion
http://abortion.procon.org/

107. Pro or Con gun Control
http://aclu.procon.org/view.an
swers.php?questionID=000750

108. Pro or Con Gun Control
and Politics
http://2012election.procon.org
/view.answers.election.php?qu
estionID=1704

109. Debate on Smoking in Public
Places: Whose Right is it?
http://dbp.idebate.org/en/inde
x.php/Debate:_Ban_on_smokin
g_in_public_places

110. Smoke Free
http://www.smokefreeok.org/

111. The Right to Breathe
Smoke Free Air
http://www.tobaccofreekids.or
g/press_releases/post/id_1149

112. Gun Violence in the U.S.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G
un_violence_in_the_United_St
ates

113. Stop Gun Violence
http://csgv.org/

114. Facts and Myths About
Gun Violence
http://www.joycefdn.org/gunvi
olencemyths/

115. Gun Owners Rights
http://www.nationalgunrights.
org/

116. Second Amendment Rights
to Bear Arms
http://www.independent.org/is
sues/guncontrol/?s=ga&gclid=C
Pr19_e1uL0CFQNufgodbaYARg

117. Gun Ownership: A Constitutional Right
http://www.constitution.org/2ll
/2ndschol/33gott.pdf

118. Reproductive Freedom
https://www.aclu.org/reproduc
tive-freedom

119. Gay Marriage: Pro and Con
http://gaymarriage.procon.org/

120. Why Gay Marriage
is Harmful
http://www.tfpstudentaction.o
rg/politically-
incorrect/homosexuality/10-
reasons-why-homosexual-
marriage-is-harmful-and-must-
be-opposed.html

121. Arguments against
Gay Marriage
http://www.nytimes.com/2014
/01/14/us/utahs-arguments-
against-gay-
marriage.html?_r=0

122. LBGT Rights
http://www.splcenter.org/what
-we-do/lgbt-
rights?gclid=CLK026G8uL0CFVK
FfgodoWoAIw

123. Same Sex Marriage News:
New York Times
http://topics.nytimes.com/top/
reference/timestopics/subjects
/s/same_sex_marriage/

124. A Right to Marry: Arguments
http://www.dissentmagazine.o
rg/article/a-right-to-marry-
same-sex-marriage-and-
constitutional-law

125. Smokers’ Rights
http://heartland.org/ideas/smo
kers-rights

126. Tobacco Rights
http://www.tobaccorights.com/
ctr/advocacy/learningcenter.as
px

127. Supreme Court and
Gay Marriage
http://www.nytimes.com/2013
/06/27/us/politics/supreme-
court-gay-
marriage.html?pagewanted=all

128. Court Decisions
and Gun Control
http://www.reuters.com/article
/2014/02/24/us-usa-court-
guns-
idUSBREA1N12820140224

129. Supreme Court Decisions
on Abortion Rights
http://www.pewforum.org/201
3/01/16/a-history-of-key-
abortion-rulings-of-the-us-
supreme-court/

130. Profanity and
Free Speech
http://www.firstamendmentsc
hools.org/freedoms/faq.aspx?i
d=12998

131. Limits of Free Speech
http://www.freedomforum.org
/packages/first/curricula/educa
tionforfreedom/supportpages/
L04-LimitsFreedomSpeech.htm

132. 1st Amendment
Court Rulings
http://www.ala.org/advocacy/i
ntfreedom/censorshipfirstamen
dmentissues/courtcases

133. Court Upholds
Free Speech
http://www.theonion.com/artic
les/supreme-court-upholds-
freedom-of-speech-in-
obsceni,17372/

134. Develop a Writing Plan
Determine what your
main point will be, and
write a topic sentence
that provides focus for
your essay.
Choose several main
ideas that support
your topic sentence.
Sort your information
into supporting details
with facts and
examples.

135. Use the
five
paragraph
essay to
write your
paper.

136. Details Must Support
the Main Ideas
Provide
specific facts,
examples, and
reasons for
each main
idea in the
body of your
essay

137. Prepare to Write
Use your outline and
write a five
paragraph essay on
your topic.
As you write your
rough draft, it will be
very important to use
special words that
enable you to
transition smoothly
from one idea to the
next.

138. Transition Words
As you view these
words, select the
words that help you
make transitions
smoothly from one
idea to the next.
as a result
such as
for example
nevertheless
for that reason
finally
at this time
therefore
furthermore
in addition
in conclusion
as well as

139. Review, Edit, and Rewrite
1. Re-read your essay several
times.
2. How can you improve your
sentences to communicate more
clearly?
3. Are your main ideas supported
by examples and details?
4. Exchange papers with another
student and read each other’s
essay out loud.
5. Make final corrections and write
the final draft of your polished
essay.

140. Explore the Issue
In 1776, the American colonists wrote the
“Declaration of Independence” and entered into a
war with England to gain freedom and
independence. In 1789, the U.S. Constitution was
created to provide a framework for democracy.
Read the following statement, and take a pro or
con position. Because people loved the ideas
that were the basis for democracy,
creating a democratic government in
America was a relatively easy process that
was accomplished in a few decades.
Research the historical events that led to
democracy for Americans, take a pro or con
position on the above statement, and develop
clear arguments to support your position.

141. Take a Pro or Con Position
In order to make a
convincing argument
for or against an idea
or event, it is very
important to evaluate
the facts and see if
they support your
position.
The first step is to ask
relevant questions
that will guide your
investigation of the
evidence.

142. Inquiring Minds want to Know
Essential Questions
Where did the ideas for democracy originate?
Did other countries create governments based on
democratic principles before the United States?
Was democracy ever achieved without bloodshed?
Why is a written constitution an important part of
democracy? Was it quick and easy to get agreement on
our constitution?
What were the Articles of Confederation?
What were the key parts of the Great Compromise?

143. Conduct the Research
Identify specific
questions about the
issue to guide your
investigation of the facts.
Determine if the
evidence is credible and
supports your main
arguments.
Use internet and book
sources to gather
credible information.

144. The following slides
provide sources for the
research project

145. Writing the
U.S. Constitution
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hi
story_of_the_United_States_C
onstitution

146. Overview of Writing
the Constitution
https://www.scholastic.com/te
achers/article/us-constitution-
overview

147. Britannica: Writing
U.S. Constitution
http://www.britannica.com/EB
checked/topic/134197/Constitu
tion-of-the-United-States-of-
America

148. America’s 1st Failure
at Democracy
http://www.ushistoryscene.com/uncategorized/articlesofconfe
deration/

149. The Declaration of
Independence
http://www.archives.gov/exhibi
ts/charters/declaration_transcri
pt.html

150. History of the Declaration
of Independence
http://www.ushistory.org/decla
ration/

151. An Overview of the U. S. Constitution
http://www.policyalmanac.org/
government/archive/constituti
on.shtml

152. Issues at the Constitutional Convention
https://history.state.gov/milest
ones/1784-1800/convention-
and-ratification

153. First Draft of the U.S. Constitution
http://www.history.com/this-
day-in-history/first-draft-of-
constitution-debated

154. American Revolution
Issues
http://revolution.h-
net.msu.edu/essays/contro.html

155. The New Nation Struggles to Agree
http://www.americaslibrary.gov/jb
/nation/jb_nation_subj.html

156. The Struggle for democracy
http://www.nytimes.com/2005
/11/13/books/review/13wood.
html?pagewanted=all

157. The Promise of a Bill of Rights
http://www.federalobserver.com/200
9/05/20/chapter-v-we-were-
promised-a-bill-of-rights/

158. The Great Compromise
http://www.buzzle.com/articles
/the-great-compromise.html

159. The Difficult Birth of Democracy
http://www.h-
net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=
12622

160. Develop a Writing Plan
Determine what your
main point will be, and
write a topic sentence
that provides focus for
your essay.
Choose several main ideas
that support your topic
sentence.
Sort your information into
supporting details with
facts and examples.

161. Use the five
paragraph
essay format
to write your
paper.

162. Details Must Support the Main Ideas
Provide
specific
facts,
examples,
and reasons
for each
main idea in
the body of
your essay

163. Prepare to Write
Use your outline and
write a five paragraph
essay on your topic.
As you write your
rough draft, it will be
very important to use
special words that
enable you to transition
smoothly from one
idea to the next.

164. Transition Words
As you view
these words,
select the words
that help you
make transitions
smoothly from
one idea to the
next.
as a result
such as
for example
nevertheless
for that reason
finally
at this time
therefore
furthermore
in addition
in conclusion
as well as

165. Relevance to the Real World
The final conclusion of your paper should explain why
your point of view on the issue is important for the
future. Answer these questions as you write your
conclusion.
1. Why is your issue important to our world?
2. Why should anyone care about it?
3. What would be the negative results if your
recommendations are not followed?

166. Review, Edit, and Rewrite
1. Re-read your essay several
times.
2. How can you improve
your sentences to
communicate more clearly?
3. Are your main ideas
supported by examples and
details?
4. Exchange papers with
another student and read
each other’s essay out loud.
5. Make final corrections and
write the final draft of your
polished essay.

167. Your Research Topic
Gather information about how the
concepts of democratic
government evolved from rule by
one individual. Focus on the origins
of American democracy and the
most significant events and
concepts. Prepare to write a paper
tracing the development of
democratic ideas used to create
our form of government.

168. Essential Questions to Guide Research
1. Where did the ideas for democracy originate?
2. Did other countries create governments based on
democratic principles before the United States?
3. Was democracy ever achieved without bloodshed?
4. Why is a written constitution an important part of
democracy?
5. What are the most important features of a democratic form
of government?

169. Select a Topic
Discuss your
topic with
your teacher
before
beginning
your research
project.

170. Primary Source Documents
In depth knowledge may require reviewing
original sources for accurate information.
Use the internet link on the next slide to
participate in a very cool primary
documents activity.

171. Directions for Links to Internet Docs
The following slides may be used to link the class
to primary document activities. The documents are
part of a National Archives Collection. It is helpful
to know that left clicking of the mouse will enlarge
documents and that left clicking and dragging over
a document will scroll the page for easy viewing.

172. Document Analysis
What is the subject of the document? Date or time period_______
What issue or event does the document support?
What is the source of the document? Is the source reliable? How do you
know?
List the key information presented in the document.
Who is the author of the document? What role or special expertise does
the author have?
Explain the point of view of the document. Describe the particular slant or
bias that may be present in the document.
Explain how the document either answers important questions or raises
important questions.
Give the historical context of this document. How does the time period of
this document affect its contents?

173. Treason? American
Revolution:Weigh the Evidence
http://docsteach.org/activi
ties/15937

174. Freedoms in History :Weigh the
Evidence
http://docsteach.org/activities/15
469/detail?mode=browse&menu=
closed&type%5B%5D=weighing-
the-
evidence&sortBy=title&page=7

175. Constitutional Government
Concepts Originated in Europe
http://www.ait.org.tw/infousa/zht
w/docs/demopaper/dmpaper2.ht
ml

176. An Excellent Overview of the
Origins of Democracy
http://www.sullivan-
county.com/bush/constitution.ht
m

177. Evolution of Democracy in
America
http://etech.northern.edu/blanch
ak/pols100/pols100lectures/colon
ial%20government.htm

178. The Glorious Revolution Contributes
to the Evolution Democratic Ideas
http://www.skyminds.net/anglo-
american-civilisation/from-the-
reformation-to-the-birth-of-the-
american-nation-1534-1776/the-
glorious-revolution-of-1688/

179. European Philosophers Who
Contributed to American Democracy
http://www.ushistory.org/gov/1d.
asp

180. The Evolution of Democratic Ideals
http://www.csun.edu/~jnt6425
7/Assignments/Assignment_04.
pdf

181. Origins of Democracy Overview
http://library.thinkquest.org/26
466/history_of_democracy.htm
l

182. Origins of Democracy
http://history.howstuffworks.com/
history-vs-myth/origins-
democracy.htm

183. Democratic Origins and
Revolutionary Writers
http://iipdigital.usembassy.gov/st/
english/publication/2008/05/2008
0512214631eaifas0.6697046.html
#axzz2xhHanVdH

184. Greeks and Democracy
http://www.history.com/topics/an
cient-greece-democracy

185. Citizen Protests in History :Making
Connections
http://docsteach.org/activities/
16027/detail?mode=browse&
menu=closed&type%5B%5D=m
aking-
connections&sortBy=title&pag
e=3

186. From Magna Carta to U.S.
Constitution
http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/
featured_documents/magna_cart
a/legacy.html

187. Your Essay Topic
Organize your ideas and prepare to
write an essay about how the
concepts of democratic
government evolved from rule by
one individual. Focus on the origins
of American democracy and the
most significant events and
concepts. Trace the development of
the key ideas that led to democracy
for America.

188. Organize Your Ideas
Review all of your notes from
the presentations, group
discussions, and research
notes.
Select the most important
ideas.
Choose facts and examples to
support each important idea

189. Develop a Writing Plan
Determine what your
main point will be, and
write a topic sentence
that provides focus for
your essay.
Choose several main
ideas that support your
topic sentence.
Sort your information
into supporting details
with facts and examples.

190. Details Must Support the
Main Ideas
Provide specific
facts, examples,
and reasons for
each main idea
in the body of
your essay

191. Write the Rough Draft
Use the Five
Paragraph
format that
includes an
Introductory
Paragraph,
Body, and
Conclusion

192. Prepare to Write
Write a five paragraph essay explaining the
evolution of government from rule by one
individual to democracy. Trace the
development of key ideas for democracy in
America.
As you write your rough draft, it will be
very important to use special words that
enable you to transition smoothly from
one idea to the next.

193. Transition Words
As you view these
words, select the
words that help you
make transitions
smoothly from one
idea to the next.
such as
for example
nevertheless
for that reason
finally
at this time
therefore
furthermore
in addition
in conclusion
as well as
As a result

194. Review, Edit, and Rewrite
1. Re-read your essay several
times.
2. How can you improve your
sentences to communicate more
clearly?
3. Are your main ideas supported
by examples and details?
4. Exchange papers with another
student and read each other’s
essay out loud.
5. Make final corrections and write
the final draft of your polished
essay.

195. Peer Review and Evaluation
Writing Skills
Today, you will be assigned a
writing skills partner. Your
partner will either read or listen
to you read your essay and will
evaluate how well you
demonstrate effective writing
skills. In addition, after
completing the peer review
process, you will evaluate your
own success in achieving the
necessary writing skills.

196. Unit Assessment
The common core standards assessment includes the
following:
PowerPoint Notes
Research Project One: Notes, Proposal and
Participation
Research Project Two: Notes and Research Paper
Research project Three: Three Pages of Notes
Research Topic Essay
Project
Final Unit Test

197. Final Unit Test
1. Select a controversial “right” and
build a strong argument that supports
your position. Cite the U.S. Constitution
and Supreme Court decisions to support
your position.
2. Was the creation of democracy in
America a relatively easy process or
was it an extremely difficult and time
consuming process? Take a position on
this issue, and defend it with clear
arguments and evidence.

198. 3. Trace the development of democratic
ideas that made democracy possible in
America. Include the most important
events and concepts that eventually led
to our U.S. Constitution and the
freedoms we enjoy today.

199. Great American Documents that
Contributed to Democracy
http://www.greatamericandocum
ents.com/