This is a brief introduction to what is Imperialism? Old and new Imperialism, Factors and causes of Imperialism, Theories of imperialism and the evils and advantages.

1. IMPERIALISM
By Areesha Khattak

2. Old phenomena and modern
Imperialism:
 Imperialism has different meaning for different people:
 In simple terms
“The policy of powerful states to conquer
or control weak ones is called Imperialism”
 This phenomena was used in the ancient or medievial times
also known as anciemt or medievial imperialism

3. Old phenomena And new
Imperialism
In this sense imperialism is
defined as a
“Military product which seeks to build
an empire when the forces are strong
enough to capture or control other states”.

4. Modern imperialism:
 Modern imperialism is different from the medievial or ancient
one because this is far beyond only domination or military
control
 It includes political, economic, social and other impacts
absent in the previous one

5. Modern Imperialism or colonialism:
Colonialism:
The most important feature of
modern imperial is colonialism
and is defines
“A policy or by which nation state
establishes it’s political domination and economic control
over other countries or nations and peoples due to their
economic, cultural or social backwardness”

6. Factors and causes of imperialism:
Military and
economic
disparity among
the countries
Political
differences
Social and
cultural
disparity
Intellectual
disparity

7. Theories of Imperialism:
 Imperialism includes a lot of theories but here we will discuss
only two of them:
1. The racial theory
2. Marxist theory

8. Theories of Imperialism
Racial theory:
 As imperialism is a political phenomena therefore it can be
explained through a lot of angles
 for example: through the standpoint if the imperial state or
that of the subject nation or simply as an event in the history
 But the racial theory explains itself from standpoint of the
imperial nation or state.

9. Theories of Imperialism
Racial Theory:
 Different writers from around the world explains this theory
according to their own laws and terms because whatever the
conflicts are but everyone considers their civilization and
culture better then the others.

10. Theories of Imperialism:
Racial Theory:
 Therefore, it is either the gift of the God or the law of nature
that the better one survives and rules the weaker ones
 In the same way superior nations have a mission to expand
and rule the weaker states or nations
 And this rule is justified in a lot of ways like culture, creed
race and color

11. Racial Theory:
For example:
1. The British writers explains the British influence in term of
color and British nation
2. The French writers explains their superiority in terms of
thoughts, culture, art and langauge

12. Theories of Imperialism
Racial Theory:
Drawbacks:
1. This theory explains only one sided picture of imperialism
and neglects the innocent people who suffer slavery,
misery and poverty as a result of this invasion
2. It neglects the basic human rights

13. Theories of Imperialism
Marxist Theory:
 Marxist theory is also known as Leninist theory was first
coined by Carl Marx but perfected by Lenin, a Russian leader
 According to Lenin:
 “Imperialism is the highest stage of Capitalism when it
expands into the boundaries of one nation into those of
others in quest of markets and colonies to increase profit and
monopoly”

14. Theories of Imperialism:
Marxist Theory:
The undivided development of Capitalism which creates a
difference being one more advanced than the other leads to
the war between them
Example:
The two world wars are the best example of imperialist wars
In short Imperialism is the monopoly stage of capitalism

15. Evils of Imperialism:
 Imperial is a threat to humanity
 It neglects all the basic values and the nobler ideas of the
human existence
 It has started some of the major inhuman acts in the history
of the mankind slave trade, wars and enslavement

16. Advantages of Imperialism:
 Some writers sees imperialism as civilizing and a promoter of
Western culture
 But these advantages according to Aristotle are the ones
which gave rise to slavery