The document discusses the characteristics and appropriate uses of formal and informal speaking. Formal speaking is polite, objective, effective, uses standard English language and clarity. It is used when explaining topics to others or in academic writing. Informal speaking has a conversational tone, uses personal pronouns and contractions, informal expressions, and discusses personal feelings. Informal speaking is appropriate for sharing personal thoughts or stories. The document provides tips on what to avoid in formal speaking and the structure of a formal speech, and compares the differences between formal and informal speaking.

1. Formal Speaking

2. Characteristics of Formal Speaking
❏ Politeness
❏ Objectiveness
❏ Effectiveness
❏ Standard English Language
❏ Clarity

3. Characteristics of Informal
Speaking
❏ Conversational tone
❏ Frequent personal pronouns (I, me, you) and contractions (you’d, we’ve)
❏ Informal expressions (what’s up?)
❏ Shorter sentences
❏ Personal feelings

4. When to Use Formal Language
❏ When your purpose is to explain a topic or idea to a teacher, a classmate,
or the public, use formal language
❏ Formal language is serious and interesting, as if you are teaching your
readers
❏ This language works best in explanatory essays, research reports, and
most other academic writing

5. When to Use Informal Language
❏ Other writing situations call for more casual, informal language.
❏ When your purpose is to share your personal thoughts and feelings or to
tell a story, use language that sounds more like you are talking with your
friends or classmates.
❏ This type of language works best for stories, personal narratives, and
social forms (blogs, microblogs, personal email).

6. What Should be avoided in formal
speaking?
❖ Casual Greetings: Based on-
a)How well you know the person
b)What degree of professionalism you are required to
maintain
❖ Slangs and Colloquialism
❖ Contractions
❖ Personal Pronouns
❖ Poor vocabulary

7. Structure of formal speech
❏The introduction
❏The Greeting
❏Acknowledging the audiences
❏Placing your claim
❏The body
❏The conclusion

8. Difference Between Formal & Informal
Speaking
Formal Speech Informal Speech
Its tone is serious. Its tone is casual.
It sounds polite. It sounds friendly.
When overused, it can come across
as cold and distant.
When overused, it can come across as
brash and rude.
The sentence structures are
complex.
The sentence structures are simple.
An extensive range of vocabulary is
used.
Simple words and general vocabulary is
used.

9. Difference Between Formal & Informal
Speaking
Formal Speech Informal Speech
Pronouns are either avoided or
neutralised. For e.g. ‘one’.
Personal pronouns are used expansively.
Slang and colloquial language is not
used.
Slang and colloquial language can be
used.
The content shared is impersonal
and objective.
The content shared expresses one’s
personality and is often subjective.
Abides by the rules of standard
English.
Need not strictly adhere to the rules of
standard English.
Follow an introduction-body-
conclusion structure.
Need not follow any concrete structure.

10. Importance of formal speaking
❏Career advancement
❏Indicate creativity
❏Critical thinking skills
❏Leadership abilities.
❏Professionalism.
❏Proper channel of information.
❏Effective and clear communication.
❏Single source of information.