Forensic nanotechnology
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Forensic nanotechnology uses nano-sensors, microfluidic devices, and nanoparticles to aid in criminal investigations. Nano-sensors allow for toxicological analysis with low cost and effectiveness. Microfluidic devices improve DNA analysis through shorter examination times and minimal contamination. Gold nanoparticles target amino acids to better analyze latent fingerprints, while magnetic nanoparticles extract high quality PCR samples. Nanomaterials also help detect explosive residues from bomb blasts and create sensors to identify conventional bombs and grenades. Instruments like SEM imaging and X-ray spectrometry analyze gunshot residue particles.
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This document outlines a nanosensor for detecting nitroaromatic explosives like TNT. It begins with an introduction to nanobiosensors and describes different types of nanosensors including optical, chemical, physical, and biological nanosensors. It then discusses various nanomaterials that can be used for explosive detection sensors, including carbon nanomaterials, metals, and nanoparticles. As an application, it describes a hybrid nanosensor that uses both the electrochemical reduction of TNT and interactions with a conducting polymer to detect TNT vapors sensitively and selectively. Remaining challenges include developing sensors that can effectively sample and detect explosives in various environments while discriminating against interferents.
Nanobots
Nanorobotics involves the design and construction of robots on the nanoscale level using components that are between 1 to 100 nanometers. Notable applications of nanorobotics include using nanorobots to break up blood clots, fight cancer, remove parasites, break up kidney stones, and chip away arterial plaque. However, there are also issues with power, sensors, control, and potential health risks if nanorobots were to replicate out of control.
Nanobots
Nanorobotics involves the design and construction of robots on the nanoscale level using components that are between 1 to 100 nanometers. It includes programming swarms of nanorobots to perform tasks like breaking up kidney stones or repairing spacesuits. While nanorobots show promise for medical applications and space technology, challenges remain around their power supply, control, and potential health and environmental risks if replication gets out of control. A pioneer in medical nanorobotics developed prototypes for applications like monitoring brain aneurysms and treating diabetes.
Nanotechnology in medicine
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3. Nanotechnology is also discussed as having applications in surgery, diagnostics, and cancer treatment by enabling earlier detection and more precise interventions.
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This document describes a new low-cost, miniaturized UV photosensor that can directly measure DNA concentration within a closed tube. The sensor uses photodiodes fabricated in silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technology to detect the absorbance of UV light by DNA solutions. Testing showed the photodiode current is inversely proportional to DNA concentration over a wide range. This new sensor allows direct measurement of DNA concentration without manipulating or wasting samples, and compares favorably to existing methods. Its originalities include using an SOI photosensor and enabling low-cost, portable, and adaptable concentration measurements within closed tubes.
Se application notes_portabledevices_safesecurity
Spectral Engines has developed a portable, wireless near-infrared spectroscopy device that is much smaller, lighter, and less expensive than existing lab instruments. This allows for fast, accurate identification of materials like drugs and explosives in the field without sample preparation. The device connects to cloud computing for library updates and machine learning analysis of large datasets for improved identification. Its low cost makes it suitable for applications like drug and counterfeit screening that existing technologies cannot support due to their high prices.
Applications of Nanotechnology in Forensic Investigation
Applications of Nanotechnology in Forensic InvestigationSSR Institute of International Journal of Life Sciences
ABSTRACT- Nanotechnology as a new area of research, which involves the revealing of cases and evidences before the court of interest whenever it is obligatory. This area of research has its own significant interest as the advances in the field of nanotechnology are being incorporated in the field of forensic science. Only large collections of strains from all over the world and high quality sequence data will provide the basis for meaningful results in microbial forensic investigations. International and interdisciplinary cooperation will improve our capabilities to rapidly identify the agents, elucidate the source, and provide these results as evidence in court. Since the last few decades, fingerprints from pollen have become the dominion of many forensic scientists throughout the world, and have proven to be the main ingredient of one of the most powerful techniques in trace and contact evidence- Forensic Palynology. Nanotechnology is likely to play a major role in the future in the field of forensic science to deliver more selective and more sensitive ways to detect and reveal cases along with infallible evidences.
Key-words- Nanotechnology, Forensic Science, Investigation, Evidences, Detection
Revolution of Nanotechnology Theory and Application & Dr. Ahmed Abdel-Fatt...
Revolution of Nanotechnology Theory and Application & Dr. Ahmed Abdel-Fatt...Faculty of ِِِAgriculture- Alexandria University Alexandria, Egypt
Revolution of Nanotechnology:
Theory and Application
2016
Dr. nat.Sci. Ahmed Abdel-Megeed
Ph.D Germany, Hamburg University
Associate Professor, Plant Protection Dept.
Faculty of ِِِAgriculture- Alexandria University
Alexandria, Egypt
P.O. BOX 21531
Homepage: http://faculty.ksu.edu.sa/75164/default.aspxNanoengineered cell environment and nanosensor
This document discusses nanosensors and their applications for intracellular sensing and manipulation. It describes how tethered and untethered nanosensors can be used to measure intracellular properties without damaging cells. Tethered sensors transmit signals externally through connections, while untethered sensors are delivered inside cells using techniques like endocytosis. The document also explores how optical trapping and magnetic tweezers can remotely translocate untethered materials inside cells with minimal damage. Nanosensors offer benefits like smaller size, lower power needs, and greater sensitivity for applications like detecting chemicals, viruses, bacteria, and measuring intracellular temperatures.
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TRAP CASES
A trap is a procedure used to catch a public servant accepting a bribe. The complainant files a case stating a public servant demanded a bribe. An investigation is done and if the complaint is genuine, permission is given to lay a trap. For the trap, the complainant is given money coated in phenolphthalein powder to pay the bribe. Officers witness the exchange and arrest the public servant if a phenolphthalein test turns positive, indicating they handled the money. A successful trap provides strong evidence of guilt in corruption cases against public servants.
TMB test
This document describes the tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) presumptive test for detecting blood. The TMB test works by catalyzing the peroxidase-like activity of hemoglobin in blood. When heme in blood reacts with TMB in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, it causes TMB to oxidize and turn blue-green. The TMB test can detect blood dilutions up to 1:1000,000 and provides results within 20 seconds. It is a sensitive, easy and economical test for detecting blood, but uses corrosive reagents and lacks specificity for differentiating blood from other substances that may also cause color changes.
Special types of crime scenes Part-2
1) The document discusses the role of forensic experts in investigating mass disasters and terrorist attacks. It covers types of disasters, management of disaster sites, and the roles of forensic pathologists and other experts.
2) Key responsibilities of forensic teams include identifying victims through means like DNA, dental records, and fingerprints. They also work to determine the cause of death and examine disaster sites for clues.
3) An example discussed is the 1993 Mumbai bombings, where RDX explosives were used in vehicles to kill over 100 people across 12 sites. Forensic analysis of debris and other evidence helped investigate the terrorist attacks.
Special types of crime scenes Part-1.pptx
- Crime scene investigation involves collecting and analyzing evidence from the location where a crime occurred. Biological evidence like blood, as well as latent prints, digital evidence, trace evidence and more may be collected.
- The type of evidence collected depends on the crime. For example, a burglary may involve collecting trace evidence and DNA evidence from points of entry and likely contact areas.
- How a crime scene is processed generally follows seven steps: establishing security; documenting the scene; collecting, packaging and preserving evidence. The most probative evidence is sent to forensic laboratories for detailed examination and analysis.
Scope of Cyber forensics
This document discusses the scope of cyber forensics. It defines cyber forensics as the process of extracting digital evidence from cyber crimes while maintaining a documented chain of custody. It describes the types of cyber forensics like network, email, mobile device forensics. It outlines the key steps cyber forensics experts follow: identification, preservation, analysis and documentation of digital evidence found, and presentation in court. Finally, it discusses the importance of cyber forensics in solving cyber and real-world crimes and ensuring integrity of digital evidence.
Principles of fingerprints
This document discusses the principles of fingerprints. It begins by introducing fingerprints, noting that they are unique ridge patterns on fingers that remain unchanged throughout life, making them useful for identification. It then describes the three main fingerprint types - arch, loop, and whorl. The key principles of fingerprints are that they are individual, permanent, universal, and classifiable. Fingerprints are individual due to their unique ridge patterns. They remain permanent from a young age to old age. They are universal across all humans. And their patterns can be classified into categories. The document concludes that these principles make fingerprints forensically significant for identifying criminals and determining a suspect's presence at a crime scene.
porous and non-porous surface
This document discusses the differences between porous and non-porous surfaces for fingerprint development. Fingerprints deposited on non-porous surfaces like glass or plastic do not absorb residues, which can be developed using powder methods or cyanoacrylate fuming. Fingerprints on porous surfaces like paper or cardboard allow residue absorption, requiring chemical methods like ninhydrin or iodine fuming to react with residues below the surface. Key differences are how long residues remain, appropriate development techniques, and advantages/disadvantages of each method for different surface types.
Physical Examination Of Tyre Marks
This document discusses the physical examination of tyre marks in forensic investigations. It describes the different types of tyre marks including yaw marks, scrub marks, and skid marks. It outlines the characteristics and identification process for tyre marks, including width, tread pattern, and circumstances. The document explains that tyre marks can be photographed, casted, or examined at a crime scene and provides their forensic significance in helping to identify vehicles and tracing criminal activity.
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Paints are very common evidence found in hit and run cases, burglary cases and many other cases. The collection of paint evidence has been explained in this presentation
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This document discusses microcrystalline testing for drugs. The test identifies specific drugs based on the unique shape and color of crystals formed when a drug sample is mixed with a specific reagent under a microscope. An example is provided where cocaine produces X-shaped crystals when reacted with gold chloride. The test has advantages of being cheap, simple, rapid and sensitive. However, it requires an expert to perform and interpret and can destroy important drug samples.
Introduction to PCR technique
This document introduces the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. It explains that PCR is used to amplify a small segment of DNA across many orders of magnitude, generating thousands to millions of copies of a particular sequence. The principle of PCR involves denaturing DNA, annealing primers to the DNA, and extending the DNA via polymerase. Key instrumentation is used to perform PCR. The document concludes that PCR has significant forensic applications like identifying human remains and developing genetic fingerprints from crime scene samples.
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This document provides an overview of the history of forensic DNA typing. It discusses how in 1980, Ray White described the first polymorphic RFLP marker and in 1985, Alec Jeffreys discovered multilocus VNTR probes. It then outlines some of the major developments in DNA typing techniques between 1985-1998, including the first use of PCR in 1985 and the FBI starting their DNA casework in 1988. The document also provides brief descriptions of the principles, steps, techniques, advantages, disadvantages and applications of DNA typing.
Henry’s 10 digit classification of fingerprint
Henry's 10 digit classification is acceptable by the entire world. Read the ppt to know more about this classification.
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Biometrics refers to the automatic identification of a person based on physiological or behavioral characteristics. Passwords, PINs, and keys are not very reliable for identification since they can be forgotten, shared, stolen, or easily guessed. Biometric identification uses unique physical traits like fingerprints, iris scans, voice recognition, or hand geometry that cannot be lost or shared to reliably identify individuals. As biometric technology advances, it may replace traditional identification methods and provide more secure access to sensitive information, banking, government systems, and commercial applications.
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This document summarizes the key characteristics of fingerprints. It discusses how fingerprints develop in the womb, the three main fingerprint patterns (arch, loop, and whorl), and the ridge and minutia details that make each fingerprint unique. It also outlines the three main types of fingerprints that can be found at crime scenes: patent prints formed through transfers of colored materials, latent prints through sweat or oil, and plastic prints on pliable surfaces.
Fiber & Examination of fibers
Fibers are associative evidence that can link a suspect to a crime scene based on the principle of exchange. Fibers may be important evidence in crimes involving personal contact and should be collected visually using clean tools or tape lifting and preserved in paper envelopes. Key characteristics of fibers examined include diameter, cross section, color, and location. Analysis methods include microscopy and chemical analysis to determine if a questioned fiber belongs to a known fabric. Fibers can indicate an individual's presence but are not unique like fingerprints or DNA.
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- 6. Forensic nanotechnology is applied to real specimens in order to illuminate the applicability of the Nano-sensors for toxicological analysis. They are low of cost, active and effective.
- 7. Microfluidic devices are the recent advanced devices used in forensic DNA analysis. They take shorter examination time, risk of contamination is minimal, and it is directly applicable at the scene of crime.
- 8. Nano-powders have been developed and used with SALDI-TOF2-MS to develop the finger-prints. Gold nanoparticles are used to target amino acids on non-porous surfaces, allowing in better analysis of latent fingerprints.
- 9. Silica based magnetic nanoparticles and copper nanoparticles are used in order to extract excellent quality of PCR. The magnetite nanoparticles with carboxylic compounds are used as adsorbents for PCR amplification
- 10. Here, Nanotechnology is useful in post blast explosive residue analysis, as when the fragmentation of explosives occur in bomb blast incidents and traces of explosive residues remain at the spot,
- 11. Nano materials provide an active potential to create sensors for detection of explosives. Advanced Nano-sensor devices like electronic noses, nanotube and nanomechanical devices are used to detect the conventional bombs, plastic explosives and grenades.
- 12. Instruments like High-resolution SEM imaging is used to locate gunshot residue particles, and X- ray spectrometry is used to determine the composition of the elements.
- 13. INSTRUMENTS USED