The document provides a history of the development of forensic science in India. It discusses how forensic science originated in the 19th century and developed in three periods, with the application of various sciences like chemistry, physics, and biology. It also outlines the roles and functions of forensic scientists, which includes collecting and analyzing evidence like blood, fluids, hair to help solve crimes. More recently, forensic science has benefited from new technologies like laser scanners and drones to better collect and analyze evidence. The scope of forensic science has expanded in India with new universities and acts passed to support education and research in this field.

1. History of Development of
Forensic Science in india
PRANAV GITARAM LANDGE
BSC
724(B) Forensic chemistry

2. FUNCTIONS OF FORENSIC SCIENCE
• Role of forensic science is the application of science to those civil and criminal laws
that are enforced by the police agencies in a criminal justice system.
• Forensic science is the science of association of peoples, things and places involved in criminal things. It
involves in investigating and adjudicating criminal and civil cases.
• It is a critical and integral part of the judicial system, because forensic science is one of the primary
means through which democratic governments fulfill one of the most fundamental obligations to their
citizens: public safety insurance in a just manner.
•Forensic scientist deals with the search and evaluation of physical traces causing a crime of the victim. It
includes blood, body fluids, cloths, hair etc.
•It also includes anything that assist in the collection, preservation and investigation required as evidence
to identify explosives.
•It describes the character of the suspect who committed the crime.

3. ROLE OF FORENSIC SCIENTIST

4. HISTORICAL ASPECT

5. The forensic science is used in Argentina for the criminal investigation in 1902 Forensic sciences and their practical applications originated in the
middle of the 19 century. It is classified in three periods.The first penod incorporated for minor forensic science events and activitiesThe second
period was characterized by the interest of the identification of Individuals using physical means and third period is considered as a scientific
field with law Progress in forensic sciences has not been uniform throughout the world. Previously, because of the lack of sophistication in
chemistry, physics, biology, and medicine, investigation of trace evidence and suspicious poisoning deaths was largely subjective, which led to
great controversy and legat challenges during court trials.The expertise of various subjects helps for the investigations
Eg
 The analytical techniques and instruments to the analysis of chemical evidence including poisons in body fluids and containers.
 The refinement and application of the microscope to the routine study of plant and
animal tissues and trace evidence from the crime scene, victim, or suspect
 The advances in medical pathology enabling definitive knowledge and
documentation to be obtained from routine dissection and analysis in cases of
unnatural death
 In some European countries there has been a century of development, predominantly in forensic centers devoted to the education of
physicians. lawyers, and law enforcement officials. Forensic medicine developed quite rapidly
 Further development of laboratory instruments and techniques, forensic toxicology and serology became important at the beginning of the
twentieth century
 Criminalistics as a science arose less than 65 years ago, paralleling the recognition by the major police departments in the 1920s that they
should have a branch devoted to highly technical examinations by skilled specialists.
 Forensic odontology (application of dental science to the law) and anthropology are relatively recent forensic specialities.
 In the field of law departments, crime laboratory to a year of special training in forensic pathology while special certification in general
pathology. forensic toxicology, forensic odontology, and forensic psychiatry are available.
Forensic science has become more efficient from last decade. Forensic scientists have started using laser scanners, drones etc to obtain 3D point
clouds of accidents or crime scenes. Reconstruction of an accident scene on a highway using drones involves data acquisition of 10-20 minutes.
It does not have effect on traffic.

6.  FORENSICS

8. DEFINITIONS
The word forensic is derived from the Latin word forenses which means before the forum. It is an
 Belonging to or inhabiting the forum.
 Public discussion, argumentative, rhetorical, giving the opportunity to debate or
Discussion
 The word "forensics" means the art or study of formal debate argumentation
 Science as it pertains to the law
 Science used in public in a court or in the justice system, any science, used for the purposes of the law
 Science that is pertaining to, connected with, or used in courts of law
 The application of the techniques of science to legal matters, both criminal and civil
 A blanket term for many fields and disciplines, all related to the application of science to law enforcement and to any matters
that are the subject of litigation
 A broad term that embraces all of the scientific disciplines that are utilized in investigations with the goal of bringing
criminals to justice.
Forensic science is a very broad field as any science or piece of knowledge used to assist in resolving a legal issue or case can
enjoy the adjective 'forensic Forensic science helps the evidences and is very broad because any profession, discipline, craft or
art brings into the legal matter. It deals with family litigations, environmental issues and other security legislation.The forensic
science involves large number of different discipline

9.  SCOPE OF FORENSIC SCIENCE
 Need

10. Initially, the primary tools in the investigation of criminal cases have been observation and
interpretation of physical evidence. After 1850, science was first applied by advancing the
manner in which cases were investigated, and this improved the validity of the investigation
by responsible authorities. A few attempts were made to organize special areas within police
departments for processing evidence. Investigating authorities obtained scientific information
from academic departments of chemistry or pharmacology, which had knowledgeable man
power and technical instruments.
In some instances, scientific laboratories within the police organizations evolved from
identification functions. Bureaus of identification developed. Law enforcement could no
longer depend on the memory of shrewd police officers who knew the felons and their gangs
so well that they could tell with accuracy whose handwork was involved in a particular case.
Initially, identification bureaus used Bertillon's identification method, which was based on
anthropologic measurements supported by photographic documentation. It was later
replaced by fingerprinting.The processing of fingerprints is then became coupled with physical
evidence such as biological stains, hair, soil, and other materials left at the scene of a crime.
The forensic science now days have a vital role to resolve many criminal issues.The people
require the truth.The government gives scope in many Universities to start many courses on
forensic science in India. In September 2020, Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA), Government of
India, passed two Acts i.e.,The National Forensic Science University (NFSU)
Act 2020 and Rashtriya Raksha University (RRU)Act 2020.As per these acts, NFSU
has been created at Gandhinagar in Gujarat State and RRU has been created and
established at Lavad Dahegam,Gandhinagar, andGujarat State, India. Rashtriya
Raksha University allow the learning and research in policing, law enforcement,
security, cyber security, artificial intelligence, and risk management.

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