The document summarizes test results on the characteristics of fiber concrete made with basalt fiber. It projects the strength, cement grade and quantity, basalt fiber content, additional water needed, and air entrainment reduction for fiber concretes from M100 to M600 strength classes. The cement content is specified by construction laboratories based on cement type and age, and concrete workability. Own studies tested mortars from B7.5 to B40 strength classes with different admixtures. Regulatory limits set maximum cement at 500kg/m3 and mixing fiber concrete takes 15-25% longer than non-fiber concrete.
Microstructure and sliding wear behaviour of stircast ti gr and ti –fe metal ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
The type and weight percentage of reinforcement play important role in microstructure and sliding wear resistance of the composite. The low melting point nonferrous metal matrix composites Tin- Graphite and Tin-Iron metal matrix composites are cast by the liquid stir casting technique with up to 5 and 15 weight percentages of carbon and iron respectively as reinforcements. The sliding wear characteristics are important if the specimens are used as bearing materials for light duty applications. The specimens are polished and etched for microstructure examination to verify the homogeneous dispersion of reinforcements in the matrix. The microstructure examination reveals the uniform dispersion of reinforcements in the matrix. The specimens are also subjected to dry sliding wear on Pin –on –disc wear testing equipment and the weight loss method technique was used to find specific wear rate at the respective sliding distance. The cumulative specific wear rates and friction coefficients are plotted against sliding distance. The specific wear rate curves show the necessity of an optimum weight percentage of reinforcements in the composite to reduce the wear rate. The frictional coefficient versus sliding distance curves show the decrease in frictional force at higher sliding distances as the weight percentage of particulates increases. At higher sliding distances, in case of the Tin –Graphite composite the surface of the specimen observed to be smooth which makes the graphite particles to expose as flakes and act as solid lubricant to reduce wear. The scanning electron microscope image of the surface which is normal to the sliding surface also studied to verify the flake formation during wear. Both mild and severe wear regions are observed.
Keywords: particulate, metal matrix composites, stir casting, specific wear rate, friction coefficient.
"Mechanical characterisation of braided BFRP rebars for internal concrete rei...TRUSS ITN
This study investigates the tensile behaviour of basalt fibre reinforced polymer (BFRP) composites that were developed using braiding as a manufacturing technique. Those materials will be introduced in concrete reinforcement applications. Three BFRP rebar sizes with a circular constant cross section and different braided configurations are developed and characterised with respect to their internal architecture. The braid angle on each layer of the rebar, varying from 10◦ to 45◦, is an important parameter that has a direct impact on its performance characteristics. The effective longitudinal in-plane modulus (ExFRP) of each braided sample is calculated numerically using the classical laminate theory (CLT) approach and then, tensile tests are performed according to the relevant standard. Comparisons between analytical and experimental data demonstrate a significant influence of braiding parameters, like braiding angle and number of braiding layers, on the mechanical properties of BFRP rebars. In addition, it is noteworthy that all predicted moduli determined with CLT numerical approach are found to be higher than the test results and overestimate rebar’s stiffness, most probably due to the degree of undulation from braiding process.
Microstructure and sliding wear behaviour of stircast ti gr and ti –fe metal ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
The type and weight percentage of reinforcement play important role in microstructure and sliding wear resistance of the composite. The low melting point nonferrous metal matrix composites Tin- Graphite and Tin-Iron metal matrix composites are cast by the liquid stir casting technique with up to 5 and 15 weight percentages of carbon and iron respectively as reinforcements. The sliding wear characteristics are important if the specimens are used as bearing materials for light duty applications. The specimens are polished and etched for microstructure examination to verify the homogeneous dispersion of reinforcements in the matrix. The microstructure examination reveals the uniform dispersion of reinforcements in the matrix. The specimens are also subjected to dry sliding wear on Pin –on –disc wear testing equipment and the weight loss method technique was used to find specific wear rate at the respective sliding distance. The cumulative specific wear rates and friction coefficients are plotted against sliding distance. The specific wear rate curves show the necessity of an optimum weight percentage of reinforcements in the composite to reduce the wear rate. The frictional coefficient versus sliding distance curves show the decrease in frictional force at higher sliding distances as the weight percentage of particulates increases. At higher sliding distances, in case of the Tin –Graphite composite the surface of the specimen observed to be smooth which makes the graphite particles to expose as flakes and act as solid lubricant to reduce wear. The scanning electron microscope image of the surface which is normal to the sliding surface also studied to verify the flake formation during wear. Both mild and severe wear regions are observed.
Keywords: particulate, metal matrix composites, stir casting, specific wear rate, friction coefficient.
"Mechanical characterisation of braided BFRP rebars for internal concrete rei...TRUSS ITN
This study investigates the tensile behaviour of basalt fibre reinforced polymer (BFRP) composites that were developed using braiding as a manufacturing technique. Those materials will be introduced in concrete reinforcement applications. Three BFRP rebar sizes with a circular constant cross section and different braided configurations are developed and characterised with respect to their internal architecture. The braid angle on each layer of the rebar, varying from 10◦ to 45◦, is an important parameter that has a direct impact on its performance characteristics. The effective longitudinal in-plane modulus (ExFRP) of each braided sample is calculated numerically using the classical laminate theory (CLT) approach and then, tensile tests are performed according to the relevant standard. Comparisons between analytical and experimental data demonstrate a significant influence of braiding parameters, like braiding angle and number of braiding layers, on the mechanical properties of BFRP rebars. In addition, it is noteworthy that all predicted moduli determined with CLT numerical approach are found to be higher than the test results and overestimate rebar’s stiffness, most probably due to the degree of undulation from braiding process.
IMPACT OF QUARRY DUST AND FLY ASH ON THE FRESH AND HARDENED PROPERTIES OF SEL...AbdulRazakBH
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Similar to Forecast of fiber concrete (on basis of basalt fiber) (13)
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Forecast of fiber concrete (on basis of basalt fiber)
1. Forecast of fiber concrete (on basis of basalt fiber) main characteristics, due to the summarizing test results of conducted experimental research
Grade (class of matrix) of Projected Quantity of Additional Reduction of air
Quantity and cement grade*, kg/m3 Strength increase Notes
fiber concrete strength, N/mm2 basalt fiber, kg water,% entrainment,%
at
М400 М500 М600 compression at bending
1 2 3.1 3.2 3.3 4 5 6 7.1 7.2 8
M100** (B7.5) 10 190‐165 ‐ ‐ 0,6…..1,2 0,9…..1,1 0,10…..0,12 40…..58 35..…48 1;2
M150 (B12.5) 15 225‐185 ‐ ‐ 1,2…..1,7 1,0…..1,2 0,12…..0,15 32…..43 33…..44
M200** (В15) 20 260‐205 225‐175 ‐ 1,5..…2 1,2…..1,4 0,13…..0,17 28…..36 30…..39
M250** (В20) 25 305‐240 265‐200 ‐ 2,0…..4,0 1,4…..2,8 0,15‐…..0,30 25……31 26…..35
M300** (В22.5) 30 340‐265 305‐240 ‐ 2,0…..4,2 1,9……4,0 0,17……0,35 22…..27 24…..33
M350 **(В25) 35 385‐305 345‐280 ‐ 2,2…..5,0 1,8…..4,1 0,17……0,38 10……15 12…..30
M400** (В30) 40 ‐ 395‐305 350‐285 2,2…..6,3 1,7…..5,0 0,20……0,57 10……21 20…..30
M450 (В35) 45 ‐ 430‐345 390‐305 2,2…..6,4 1,7……5,5 0,21……0,57 11……14 16…..33
M500 (В40) 50 ‐ 480‐380 440‐340 2,5…..6,5 1,8…..5,5 0,25……0,63 7…..14 14…..20
M550 (В40) 55 ‐ ‐ 480‐375 2,5…..6,6 1,8…..5,5 0,25……0,64 5…..10 14…..20
M600 (В45‐В50) 60 ‐ ‐ 530‐415 2,5…..6,7 1,8…..5,5 0,25……0,65 5…..10 14…..20 3;4
* ‐ Actual cement content is specified in the construction laboratory based on impact: a) the type and shelf life of cement (cement activity decreases with the speed 15% per month)
b) applying of plasticizers, superplasticizers, admixtures, c) properties (grain size) crushed stone (gravel) and sand, d) the design of plasticity of concrete mixture P1.....P5
** ‐ own studies of Technobasalt‐Invest, LLC for this type of fiber concrete
1. For concretes and mortars up to М350 cement М400 is used; from М200 up to М400 can be used both М400 and М500; from М500 can be used only М600.
2. Conducted own experimental fiber concrete research, researches of mortars (based on basalt fiber) with classes of plasticity B7.5, B15, B20, B25, B30, B40 in the range of classes
plasticity from P1 to P4, using different types of plasticizers, superplasticizers, admixtures.
3. Regulatory limited cement content is up to 500 kg/m3
Duration of mixing concrete with basalt fiber increases by 15 .... 25% relative to the mixing concrete matrix without basalt fiber.