This document discusses enzymes, including their definition as biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in the body. It describes how enzymes work much faster than chemical reactions alone, such as carbonic anhydrase being able to catalyze a reaction 6,000 times faster than without the enzyme. The document also classifies enzymes as simple enzymes that are solely protein or conjugated enzymes that have both a protein and non-protein cofactor component attached. Common examples of enzymes and their functions in digestion and energy production are provided.

2. Topic:

3.  Enzyme Definition
 Enzyme Classification:
 Nature of Enzyme
 Equation of Biocatalyst
 Theory About Enzyme
 Function of Enzyme

4.  Two Words:
En – Inside
Zyme – Yeast
 Discovered by Louis Pasteure

5.  Enzyme are biological catalyst which speed
up and control chemical reaction in the body.
 In the absence of Enzyme
(200 molecule /per hour)

6.  In the Presence of enzyme (Carbonic
anhydrase)
 It is Fastest Enzyme
6 Lac molecule /per second

7. Exogenous Sources:
• Those that added to Food.
• May cause desirable change
Endogenous Sources:
• Those that exist in Food.
• May not responsible for reaction.
• May change the quality of Food

8.  Mostly Enzyme are Protein .
 Chemical Nature Of Enzyme:
1. Simple Enzyme
2. Conjugated Enzyme

10. 1. Simple Enzymes :
 Only Protein Part.
 Ex. Pepsin, Trypsin
2. Conjugated Enzyme:
a) Protein Part (Holoenzyme)
b) Non Protein Part (Co-factor)

12. Co-Factor:
 Co-Enzyme:
Loosely attach with apo enzyme
Ex. NAD, FAD etc
 Prosthetic Group:
Tightly attach with apo enzyme
Ex. Lipids, Metallic ions ( ca+, Mg+ )

13. E + S  E S Complex  E + P
 Enzyme is released unaltered and used
again and again…
 In some case enzyme react series to
complete the metabolic pathway

14.  Some enzyme are potentially damaging if
manufactured in active form.
 Ex. Pepsin protein digesting enzyme
Capable to destroy internal Cell structure
 Lining of mucous layer in Stomach prevent
them.

15.  Emil Fischer suggested this model in 1894

16.  Daniel Koshland suggested this model in
1958.
 The enzyme and the substrate have
changed their shape a little bit.

18.  Amylase – helps change starch into sugar
 Maltose – found in saliva , Help in break
down of sugar maltose into glucose
 Lipase – digest fat in gut
 Trypsin – Breakdown protein into amino acid

19.  Protection against Pathogens.
 Destroy invading microbes
Ex. Lyzozyme
Work as Secretion (tear, milk, saliva)

20.  From Cell exterior to interior
 Most common enzyme in cell transduction is
kinase

21.  Large molecules can be break down by
enzyme into small fragments which can then
easily absorbed by human body
 Perform Anabolism reaction: Tissue
regeneration, and growth

22.  Enzyme can generate Energy for living
organism Adenosin Triphosphate (ATP)
 Ex. Glycolysis