4. INTRODUCTION
• Is very important to know • The proteins form complexes
how is the general function to many functions, and is
of G protein to understand necessary know what is the
what is the importance of mechanism of each complex,
the discovery that told us in but some complexes have
the new. similar mechanisms, this make
easier the study of that.
• G protein is a switch protein
and it does the hydrolysis of
GTP using a GTPase to the
transport through the
membrane.
5. CELLULAR SWITCHES: FROM THE RNA
WORLD TO THE 'MODERN' PROTEIN
WORLD
Science Daily (Feb. 9, 2012)
• The study was realized in the
flagellum of bacteria.
• Flagellum is an organelle
which allows movement of
the bacterium.
• It is necessary to reach to
environmental changes and
to go to site of infection.
6. CELLULAR SWITCHES: FROM THE RNA
WORLD TO THE 'MODERN' PROTEIN
WORLD
• The G protein FIhF is a group of
G proteins.
• This group determines the
position of new bacteria´s
flagellum.
• The switch FIhF apparently did
not need effectors.
• Effector is a stimulus to turn on
the switch.
7. CELLULAR SWITCHES: FROM THE RNA
WORLD TO THE 'MODERN' PROTEIN
WORLD
• In this study find one protein that works like effector of FIhF.
• Researchers described its mode of action .
• The mode of action was compared with the interacting of
complex formed by protein SRP54 and this receptor (FtsY)
with the SRP RNA.
8. CELLULAR SWITCHES: FROM THE RNA
WORLD TO THE 'MODERN' PROTEIN
WORLD
• FIhF shows how the RNA world has been changed for the
“modern” protein world. It was possible with a simple modification.
9. CELLULAR SWITCHES: FROM THE RNA
WORLD TO THE 'MODERN' PROTEIN
WORLD
Personal Comment
I think this is an important discover because if we know how is the
operation of simple organism will be easier to know how is the
function of ourselves, but is necessary to promote the
investigation because, today, are lots of things that we ignore and
possibly are the answer to many questions that we still have.
10. Neurodegenerative Diseases: Ring-Like
Structure Found in 'Elongator' Protein
Complex
Science Daily (Feb. 20, 2012)
• Proteic complex called
elongator has a structure ring-
like
• Has been published a 3D
structure of this complex. It
gives tracks about its role inside
the cell and its function in
neurodegenerative diseases.
11. Neurodegenerative Diseases: Ring-Like
Structure Found in 'Elongator' Protein
Complex
• Changes in the proteins of
elongator have been
involved with familial
dysautonomia and
childhood epilepsy.
12. Neurodegenerative Diseases: Ring-Like
Structure Found in 'Elongator' Protein
Complex
• Elongator is formed by 6
different proteins.
• The proteins do not work like
just one trio, they form two
identical trios to form a ring.
• Researches think that this
complex work like helicases
complex that have a ring
formed by six copies to the
same protein to join with DNA
or RNA
13. Neurodegenerative Diseases: Ring-Like
Structure Found in 'Elongator' Protein
Complex
• Just RNAt joins to the elongator ring.
• RNAt is left in this place while the function of it is complete.
• When it has finished ATP joins with the ring and it liberate the
RNAt and everything starts again.
14. Neurodegenerative Diseases: Ring-Like
Structure Found in 'Elongator' Protein
Complex
Personal Comment
In this case we can see
the importance of each
step in the formation of
proteins, but being so
important we can see the
complex of a process like
translation.
15. Medical Utility
• Is necessary to know the mechanism of
molecular switches to understand the
mechanism of lots of molecular diseases
and make possible to find a cure or
treatment.
16. Medical Utility
• This discovery is so useful, because it
can help us to create an antibiotic that
acts on effector of G protein FIhF
inhibiting the correct implantation of the
new bacteria’s flagellum. If it happens the
bacteria can not go to the site of infecting
and it can not survive to environmental
conditions.
17. Medical Utility
• The discover of the mode of action of the ring complex is an
important step about what happen, exactly, in
neurodegenerative diseases.
• This is a small step in the
search for effective
treatments
for neurodegenerative
diseases, because most
of we have today do not
reverse or stop the
disease, they only make a
control of it.
18. Medical Utility
• Most important to cure the
diseases is prevent it, so if we
know why it happens we can
know how to prevent it,
especially when
neurodegenerative diseases
affects lots of people around
the world. Old people is more
affected by it.
19. References
• MARTINEZ SÁNCHEZ, Lina María. Biología molecular. 2. ed.
Medellín: UPB. Fac. de Medicina
• Cellular Switches: From the RNA World to the 'Modern'
Protein World. Science daily (February 9, 2012)
• Neurodegenerative Diseases: Ring-Like Structure Found in
'Elongator' Protein Complex. Science daily (February 20,
2012)
