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focus and epicenter.pptx
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- 2. The area insidethe Earth where an earthquake starts is known as the focal point of the quake or the focus (hypocenter)
- 3. The point atthe Earth's surface directly above the focus is known as the epicenter of the quake.
- 4. Seismic waves froma deep- focus earthquake lose more of their energy as they travel farther up to surface.
- 5. Anatomy of anEarthquake
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- 8. Philippine Institute ofVolcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) – is the service institute to mitigate disasters that may arise from volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunamis and other related geotectonic phenomena.
- 9. It can be measuredusing a Mercalli Scale It is the measure of the damage released by the earthquake to its surroundings. What is Intensity?
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- 11. Magnitude? ● Magnitude measuresthe energy being released from the origin of the earthquake. • It is measured by an instrument called seismograph.
- 12. ● The Richter Magnitude Scalemeasures the quantity of seismic energy released by an earthquake.
- 13. Difference between INTENSITY andMAGNITUDE INTENSITY 1. Can be determined by observing the effects in different places. 2. Can be measured using Mercalli Scale. 3. Expressed in Roman Numerals. MAGNITUDE 1. Measures the energy released by the earthquake. 2. Can be measured using Richter Scale. 3. Expressed in Hindu- Arabic Numerals.
- 14. ACTIVITY Make a 2-3minute role playing act showing what to do before, during and after an earthquake starts.
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- 16. Two kinds ofFaults 1. Active Fault 2. Inactive Fault
- 17. 1. ACTIVE FAULTS •These are structures along which we expect displacement to occur. • The process that produces displacement across a fault continuously. • All shallow earthquakes occur on active faults.
- 18. 1. ACTIVE FAULTS •Faults are commonly considered to be active if there has been movement observed or evidence of seismic activity during the last 10,000 years.
- 19. 2. inACTIVE FAULTS •These are structures that we can identify, but which do no have earthquakes. • If a fault has been inactive for millions of years, it’s certainly safe to call it inactive.
- 20. five active faultlines in the country 1. Western Philippine Fault 2. Eastern Philippine Fault 3. South of Mindanao Fault 4. Central Philippine Fault 5. Marikina/Valley Fault System
- 21. Bring the followingmaterials for the next activity Flat basin (batya) Water Rectangular piece of plastic or plywood Rock
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- 24. • Tsunami iscaused by an earthquake and other movements on the ocean floor. It travels at speeds up to 600 miles per hour.
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- 29. What to do beforean earthquake arrives?
- 30. What to dobefore an earthquake arrives?
- 31. What to do duringan earthquake ?
- 32. What to doduring an earthquake?
- 33. What to do afteran earthquake ?
- 34. What to do afteran earthquake ?
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- 37. CRUST • The outermostand thinnest layer. • It is made of loose material, like rocks, soil, and seabed. • The crust is about 8 kilometers deep beneath the oceans and about 40 kilometers thick below the continents.
- 38. CRUST • Crust ismainly made of different elements like oxygen, silicon, aluminum, calcium, sodium, and potassium. • It makes up about 1% of the Earth’s total volume
- 39. MANTLE ● It extendsapproximately 2900 kilometers deep into the Earth. It makes up about 84% of the Earth’s total volume. ● The temperature in the mantle is about 1000 º C - 3000 º C, the high temperature and pressure in the mantle allows the solid rock to flow slowly.
- 40. MANTLE ● Mantle ismainly made of silicate rocks in the upper part making it solid layer and mostly iron in the lower part making it denser than the upper part of the mantle.
- 41. Outer core ● Thisis about 2200 kilometers beneath the Earth’s surface. ● The outer core consists of super-heated liquid molten lava about 2000 º C – 4000 º C.
- 42. Outer core ● Thelava is mostly made up of iron and nickel, which is why some geologist call it molten metal instead of molten rock.
- 43. inner core ● Thislayer is about 1278 kilometers thick, has the temperature of 5000º C to 6000 º C that’s up to 6000 times hotter than our atmosphere. ● Outer core and inner core are about 15% of the Earth’s total volume.
- 44. inner core ● Innercore is also made of iron and nickel but stays solid because of the incredible pressure surrounding it.
- 45. The energy released duringan earthquake comes in a form of seismic waves.
- 46. TYPES OF SEISMIC WAVES 1.Primary wave (P-wave) 2. Secondary wave (S-wave)
- 47. Primary Wave (P-Wave) •Primary wave or P – wave is the fastest kind of seismic wave and the first to arrive' at a seismic station. • The P – wave can move in all kind of medium such as solid rock and fluids, water or the liquid layers of the earth and gas.
- 48. P – wavesare compressional waves, because of the pushing and pulling or expanding and compressing they do on the ground
- 49. Secondary wave orS – wave • the second wave you feel in an earthquake. • An S – wave is slower than a P – wave and can only move through solid rock, not through any liquid medium. • It is this property of S waves that led seismologists to conclude that the Earth's outer core is a liquid.
- 50. • S –waves are shear waves that move rock particles up and down, or side-to-side, perpendicular to the direction the wave is traveling in. S – waves are more destructive that P – waves because of their larger amplitude.
- 52. Others You can entera subtitle here in case you need it 04
- 53. A picture is wortha thousand words
- 54. 1,870 Big numbers catchyour audience’s attention
- 55. earths is theSun’s mass 333,000.000 is Jupiter’s rotation period 9h 55m 23s is a very long distance 386,000 km
- 56. The slide titlesgoes here! Do you know what helps you make your point clear? Lists like this one: ● They’re simple ● You can organize your ideas ● You’ll never forget to buy milk! And the audience won’t miss the point of your presentation
- 57. Did you knowthis? Neptune It’s the farthest planet from the Sun Venus It has a nice name, but It’s terribly hot
- 58. A picture always reinforcesthe concept Images reveal large amounts of data, so remember: use an image instead of long texts
- 59. Mineral classification Hardness Brightness Mercuryis the closest planet to the Sun Venus is the second planet from the Sun Color Shape Neptune is far away from Earth Jupiter is the biggest planet in our System
- 60. Need more columns? MercuryVenus It’s the smallest planet in the Solar System Venus is the second planet from the Sun Saturn Neptune Saturn is a gas giant and has several rings It’s the farthest planet from the Sun Mars Despite being red, Mars is a cold place Jupiter It’s the biggest planet in the Solar System
- 61. Process Neptune It’s the farthestplanet from the Sun Mars Despite being red, Mars is a cold place Venus Venus is the second planet from the Sun Step 1 Step 2 Step3 1 2 3
- 62. This is aGraph Mars 35% Despite being red, Mars is a cold place Venus 25% Venus is the second planet from the Sun Neptune 40% Neptune is the farthest planet from the Sun Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste the new one here. For more info, click here
- 63. Overview Diagram Mercury isthe closest planet to the Sun Jupiter is the biggest planet in our System Venus has a beautiful name, but it’s hot 1 2 3 Sun
- 64. Weathering Chemical Weathering Despite being red, Marsis a cold place Saturn is a gas giant and it has several rings Temperature Changes Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun Jupiter is the biggest planet in our System
- 65. Problems vs. Solution Solution Problems Neptuneis the farthest planet from the Sun Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun
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- 87. Premium infographics... Add theTitle here Text 1 Text 2 Text 3 Text 4 Text 5 Text 6 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 “Despite being red, Mars is a cold place full of iron oxide” “Mercury is closest planet to the Sun and the smallest” “Neptune is the farthest-known planet from the Sun” “Saturn is a gas giant and has several rings” “Venus has a beautiful name and is the second planet”
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Editor's Notes
- #4 During an earthquake, the strongest shaking occurs at the epicenter.
- #17 five active fault lines in the country namely the Western Philippine Fault, the Eastern Philippine Fault, the South of Mindanao Fault, Central Philippine Fault and the Marikina/Valley Fault System.a
- #18 five active fault lines in the country namely the Western Philippine Fault, the Eastern Philippine Fault, the South of Mindanao Fault, Central Philippine Fault and the Marikina/Valley Fault System.a
- #19 five active fault lines in the country namely the Western Philippine Fault, the Eastern Philippine Fault, the South of Mindanao Fault, Central Philippine Fault and the Marikina/Valley Fault System.a
- #37 How did the scientists know all about this information about the earth? Simply because of having earthquakes.
- #54 five active fault lines in the country namely the Western Philippine Fault, the Eastern Philippine Fault, the South of Mindanao Fault, Central Philippine Fault and the Marikina/Valley Fault System.