This document discusses electrolytes and intravenous fluid therapy. It defines electrolytes as substances that separate into electrically charged particles called ions in solution. Electrolytes are found both inside and outside cells in different concentrations and are crucial for cellular functions and reactions. Common electrolytes include sodium, chloride, potassium, calcium, bicarbonate, phosphorus and magnesium. The document outlines the roles and concentrations of major electrolytes both inside and outside cells. It explains how electrolyte balance, fluid intake/output, acid-base balance and hormones influence one another. Maintaining electrolyte balance is important for water distribution, acid-base regulation, nerve impulses, energy and blood clotting.

1. Balancing Electrolytes
I.V.
Fluids

2. • Balance (homeostasis)
• Basic body systems
• Organ and organ systems
• Human cell and basic need
• Body water & compartment
• Daily water input- output
• Essential electrolytes
• Fluid replenishment
• Intravenous fluid therapy
• Types of fluids
Basics of IV FLUIDS
Topic covered in 1st Presentation

3. Balancing Electrolytes

4. Electrolytes work with fluids to maintain health and
well-being.
They're found in various concentrations, depending
on whether they're inside or outside the cells.
Electrolytes are crucial for nearly all cellular reactions
and functions.

5. Electrolytes

6. Ions
Electrolytes are substances
that, when in solution,
separate (or dissociate)
into electrically charged
particles called ions. Some
ions are positively charged;
others, negatively charged.
A variety of diseases can disrupt the normal balance of electrolytes in the body

7. Anions and Cations
Anions are electrolytes that generate a negative charge; cations
are electrolytes that produce a positive charge.

8. Electrolytes operate outside the cell in extracellular fluid compartments and
inside the cell in intracellular fluid compartments. Individual electrolytes differ
in concentration, but electrolyte totals balance to achieve a neutral electrical
charge (positives and negatives balance each other).

9. Major electrolytes outside the cell
Sodium and chloride, the major electrolytes in extracellular fluid,
exert most of their influence outside the cell.

10. Calcium and bicarbonate are two other electrolytes found in extracellular fluid.
Calcium is the major cation involved in the structure and function of bones and
teeth. Calcium is needed to:
•Stabilize the cell membrane and reduce its permeability to sodium
•Transmit nerve impulses
•Contract muscles
•Coagulate blood
•Form bone and teeth.
Bicarbonate plays a vital role in acid-base balance.

11. Major electrolytes inside the cell
Potassium, phosphorus, and magnesium are among the most
abundant electrolytes inside the cell.
Potent potassium
Potassium plays an important role in:
•cell excitability regulation
•nerve impulse conduction
•resting membrane potential
•muscle contraction and myocardial membrane responsiveness
•intracellular osmolality control.

12. Fundamental Phosphorus
The body contains phosphorus in the form of phosphate salts
Phosphate is essential for energy metabolism.
Combined with calcium, phosphate plays a key
role in bone and tooth mineralization.
It also helps maintain acid-base balance.

13. Magnificent magnesium

14. Electrolyte balance
Fluid intake and output, acid-base balance, hormone secretion, and normal
cell function all influence electrolyte balance. Because electrolytes function
both collaboratively with other electrolytes and individually, imbalances in
one electrolyte can affect balance in others.

15. Understanding electrolytes
Electrolytes help regulate water distribution,
govern acid-base balance, and transmit
nerve impulses. They also contribute to
energy generation and blood clotting.

16. Electrolytes work with fluids to maintain health and well-being.
Electrically charged particles called ions
Anions are cations
Extracellular fluid compartments and Intracellular fluid compartments
Major electrolytes outside the cell
Major electrolytes inside the cell
Electrolyte balance

17. Balancing acids and bases
Presentation

18. Thank You
Kamal Chandra
Upreti
kammph@gmail.com