Anandamide, endogenous cannabinoids, cannabinoids, "joy, bliss, delight", and amide, endogenous cannabinoid neurotransmitter

2. How do I find this
GI TRACT
4 Layers of Digestive System
Mucosal Layer
Epithelium
Entero-endocrine cells
K- CELL
L- CELL
EC CELL
INCRETIN
GASTRIC INHIBITORY (GIP)
GLUCAGON LIKE PEPTIDE -1 (GLP-1)
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs)
G protein-coupled receptor 119 (GPR119)
Potential new insulin secretagogues
GPR-119 novel cannabinoid receptors
CANNABINOID RECEPTOR LIGANDS
Endogenous cannabinoid neurotransmitter
ANANDAMIDE

3. Anandamide, also known as
N-arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA)
is an
Endogenous
Cannabinoid
Neurotransmitter

4. The molecule of extreme pleasure

5. The name is taken from the
Sanskrit word ananda, which
means "joy, bliss, delight", and
amide
Anandamide

6. Isolated and its structure first
described in 1992 by
W. A. Devane, Lumír Hanuš et al.
Lumír Ondřej Hanuš (left) and William Anthony Devane (right) worked
together for one and a half years to discover anandamide.

7. Endogenous cannabinoids
Arachidonoyl ethanolamide (Anandamide or AEA)
2-Arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG)
2-Arachidonyl glyceryl ether
Virodhamine
N-Arachidonoyl dopamine
Oleamide
RVD-Hpα

8. The human body synthesizes anandamide from
N-arachidonoyl phosphatidylethanolamine
(NAPE), which is itself made by
transferring arachidonic acid from
lecithin to the free amine of cephalin
through an N-acyltransferase enzyme

9. Anandamide's effects can be either
central, in the brain, or peripheral, in
other parts of the body. These distinct
effects are mediated primarily by CB1
cannabinoid receptors in the central
nervous system, and CB2 cannabinoid
receptors in the periphery
Pacher P, Batkai S, Kunos G; Bátkai; Kunos (2006). "The Endocannabinoid System as an Emerging Target of Pharmacotherapy".
Pharmacol Rev. 58 (3): 389–462. doi:10.1124/pr.58.3.2. PMC 2241751. PMID 16968947.

10. Anandamide is a molecule which acts as a
neurotransmitter, and which has a
structure very similar to that of
tetrahydrocannabinol, the active
constituent of cannabis

11. It is messenger molecule that plays a role
in many bodily activities, including
appetite, memory, pain, depression, and
fertility

12. For many years scientists wondered why
compounds such as morphine, which were
derived from plants, should have a
biological effect on humans.
Morphine-like molecules were eventually
discovered, and called enkephalins, the
body's natural painkillers.

13. scientists started looking at other
'foreign' molecules that had surprising
biological activity in humans
Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the active
ingredient in marijuana,

14. Hunt was then on to find the brain's
natural analogue of THC

15. Anandamide is synthesized enzymatically
in the areas of the brain that are
important in memory, thought processes
and control of movement.
Research suggests that anandamide plays a
role in the making and breaking of short-
term connections between nerve cells, and
this is related to learning and memory

16. Anandamide acts as a chemical messenger
between the embryo and uterus during
implantation in the uterine wall.
Therefore, anandamide is one of the first
communications that occurs between mother
and child

17. Three compounds that strongly resemble
anandamide were found in dark chocolate
by Daniele Piomelli and co-workers at
the Neurosciences Institute in San Diego
[Piomelli, 1996]. They also found
compounds (N-acylethanolamines) that
block the breakdown of anandamide.
http://antoine.frostburg.edu/chem/senese/101/features/anandamide.shtml

18. Anandamide metabolized by enzyme
fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH),
which breaks it down into free
arachidonic acid and ethanolamine

19. Paracetamol is metabolically combined
with arachidonic acid by FAAH to form
AM404.
This metabolite of paracetamol is a
potent agonist at the TRPV1 vanilloid
receptor, a weak agonist at both CB1 and
CB2 receptors, and an inhibitor of
anandamide reuptake.

20. As a result, anandamide levels in the body
and brain are elevated. In this fashion,
paracetamol acts as a pro-drug for a
cannabimimetic metabolite.
This action may be partially or fully
responsible for the analgesic effects of
paracetamol
Bertolini A et al. (2006). "Paracetamol: new vistas of an old drug". CNS Drug Rev 12 (3–4): 250–75. doi:10.1111/j.1527-
3458.2006.00250.x.
Sinning C et al. (December 2008). "New analgesics synthetically derived from the paracetamol metabolite N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-
(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-icosatetra-5,8,11,14-enamide". J. Med. Chem. 51 (24): 7800–5.

21. Medical benefits
The Royal Society of Chemistry have
stated that research indicates that AM1172
could potentially be developed into a
drug that would increase the brain's
anandamide levels to help treat anxiety
and depression
http://www.rsc.org/chemistryworld/Issues/2004/July/anandamide.asp

22. Thank you
kammph@gmail.com