- Florence Nightingale was a pioneer of modern nursing who established the first nursing school in Germany and drastically improved care for soldiers during the Crimean War. - Her environmental theory emphasized controlling external factors like ventilation, cleanliness, and noise to support a patient's natural healing abilities. She saw the nurse's role as manipulating the environment to help patients recover. - Nightingale's theory and educational principles formed the basis for modern nursing practice, research, and education. Her concepts of the nurse-patient-environment relationship remain highly influential today.

1. Florence Nightingale MOTHER OF MODERN NURSING By: Ezra Viktoria R. Haduca

2. “ Lady with the Lamp” Place: Florence, Italy Birth: May 12, 1820 (International Nurses Day) Her father provided her with reputable education which was uncommon for a Victorian woman. According to Sir Thomas Cook, she was a linguist. She was a wife of an aristocrat. She was a Unitarian Christian and believed she had a religious calling. Death: August 13, 1910

3. First Nurse Educator Germany: place of the first nursing school Pastor Theodor Fleidner: a protestant pastor who opened a hospital in Kaiserswerth, Germany with no staff thus designed a school of nursing. Nightingale applied with a 12-page handwritten curriculum and became the 134 th nursing student to attend the school. She developed skills in both nursing care and management and used her gained knowledge as a reformer for the well-being of the citizens.

4. Crimean War English VS. Turkish -Hospital barracks were infested with fleas and rats. -Sewage flowed under the wards -Mortality rate at the hospital was 42.7% of those treated; higher from disease than from war injuries -Six months later, mortality rate dropped to 2.2% and was achieved by attending to the environment of the soldiers. -Heroine in Great Britain -Awarded with Order of Merit by Great Britain

5. Writings Notes on Matters Affecting Health Notes on Hospital Efficiency and Hospital Administration of the British Army Report on Measures Adopted for Sanitary Improvements in India Notes on Nursing

6. Nightingale’s Environmental Theory Theory basis : the inter-relationship of a healthful environment with nursing External influences and conditions can prevent, suppress, or contribute to disease or death Theory goal : Nurses help patients retain their own vitality by meeting their basic needs through control of the environment Nursing’s Focus : control of the environment for individuals, families & the community

7. Nightingale’s Environmental Theory The first published nursing theory (1860) Persons are in connection with the environment Gives emphasis on the healing properties of the physical environment (fresh air, light, warmth and cleanliness) Nursing puts patients in the “best conditions” for nature to act upon them Health is “the positive of which the pathology is the negative”

8. Nightingale’s Environmental Theory “ Nature alone cures” When aspects of the environment are out of balance, the client must use energy to counter these environmental stresses Viewed disease as a reparative process The health of the home/community are critical components in an individual’s health

9. Environmental Factors Affecting Health Ventilation and warmth -check the patient’s body temperature, room temperature, ventilation and foul odors Light -check room for adequate light (sunlight is beneficial to the patient) -create and implement adequate light in the room without placing the patient in direct sunlight

10. Environmental Factors Affecting Health Cleanliness -check and keep room from dust, dampness and dirt Health of houses -check surrounding for fresh air, pure water, drainage, cleanliness and light -remove garbage and stagnant water Noise -check and attempt to keep noise level in minimum

11. Environmental Factors Affecting Health Bed and Bedding -keep the bed dry, wrinkle-free and lowest height to ensure comfort Personal Cleanliness -keep the patient dry and clean at all times Variety -attempt to accomplish variety in the room Chattering hopes and advices -respect the patient and avoid personal talk

12. Environmental Factors Affecting Health Taking food -document the plan of care and evaluate the outcome to ensure continuity of care Petty Management -check the diet of the patient -note the amount of food and liquid ingested by the patient in every meal Observation of the Sick -observe the patient’s environment and record anything about the patient

13. Metaparadigm in Nursing (PERSON) -Referred to by Nightingale as “the patient” -Recipient of nursing care -A human being acted upon by a nurse, or affected by the environment -Has reparative powers to deal with disease -Recovery is in the patient’s power as long as a safe environment exists

14. Metaparadigm in Nursing (HEALTH) -Holistic level of wellness that the person experiences -Maintained by using a person’s healing powers to their fullest extent -Maintained by controlling the environmental factors so as to prevent disease -Disease is viewed as a reparative process instituted by nature -Health and disease are the focus of the nurse -Nurses help patients through their healing process

15. Metaparadigm in Nursing (ENVIRONMENT) -The foundational component of Nightingale’s theory -The external and internal aspects of life that influence the person -Includes everything from a person’s food to a nurse’s verbal and nonverbal interactions with the patient

16. Metaparadigm in Nursing (NURSING) -Nursing is essential for everybody’s well-being -It is having the responsibility for someone else’s health. - Notes on Nursing : provides women with guidelines for caring for their loved ones at home and gives advice on how to “think like a nurse” *Trained nurses however, applies additional scientific principles to their work and more skilled in observing their patients.

17. Acceptance By The Nursing Community EDUCATION Nightingale’s principles of Nursing training provided a universal template for early nurse training school beginning with St. Thomas Hospital

18. Acceptance By The Nursing Community RESEARCH Nightingale’s interest in scientific inquiry and statistics continues to define the scientific inquiry used in nursing research. Concepts that Nightingale identified served as the basis of research to test modern theories

19. Acceptance By The Nursing Community PRACTICE The environmental aspects of her theory (ventilation, warmth, quiet, diet and cleanliness) remain integral components of nursing care.

20. CRITIQUE SIMPLICITY Three Major Relationships: A. Environment to Patient Environment was the main factor creating illness in a patient B. Nurse to Environment Nurses need to manipulate the environment to enhance the patient’s recovery

21. CRITIQUE C. Nurse To Patient Suggests collaboration and cooperation between the nurse and the patient The protection of the patient from emotional distress Conservation of energy while allowing the patient to participate in self-care

22. CRITIQUE GENERALITY Nightingale’s theory has been used to provide general guidelines for all nurses The universality and timelessness of her concepts remain pertinent The relation concepts (nurse, patient and environment) are applicable in all nursing settings today

23. CRITIQUE EMPIRICAL PRECISION Nightingale’s theory are presented as truths rather than tentative, testable statements She advised nurses that their practice should be based on their observation and experiences rather than systematic, empirical research

24. CRITIQUE DERIVABLE CONSEQUENCES Deeply religious, she viewed nursing as a means of doing the will of God (Nursing is a divine calling) Her encouragement for a measure of independence and precision guides and motivates nurses today as the profession continues to evolve

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