This document is a social science project on floods by Vanshka Singh. It begins with an introduction defining floods and their causes, both natural and man-made. It then discusses the effects of floods including loss of life, property damage, health issues, and economic impacts. Prevention methods are outlined such as levees, reservoirs, and wetland conservation. Safety tips are provided for emergency preparedness before, during, and after floods. Recent major flood events are summarized, including the 2020 Assam floods in India and the 2018 Kerala floods, the worst in over 90 years.
Flooding in 2012 caused significant damage in Anambra State, Nigeria. The Omambala area, comprised of 5 local government areas, was among the most severely affected. Homes, infrastructure, and public and private property worth billions of naira were destroyed or submerged. Over 7 million people across Nigeria were impacted by flooding in 2012, including 2.3 million who were displaced. The study examined the negative social, economic, and environmental impacts of flooding on the Omambala area, in order to recommend mitigation measures to improve living conditions.
The document discusses water supply and issues relating to it. It covers topics like the hydrological cycle, agriculture's major use of water globally, the concept of water footprint which measures water use, and water shortage that occurs when usage exceeds supply. It also outlines where water is distributed on Earth, with most being ocean water which is salty and only 2.8% being freshwater. The document notes challenges like glacial retreat due to climate change and issues some countries face regarding uneven rainfall and rising populations putting pressure on water resources.
The document discusses floods, their causes, types, effects, and management strategies. It defines a flood as too much water in an area that is usually dry land. Major causes of flooding include heavy rains, overflowing rivers, strong winds, dam breaks, and snow/ice melts. Types of floods include river floods, coastal floods, urban floods, flash floods, and ice jams. The document then outlines various structural and non-structural strategies that can be used to mitigate flooding.
Floods are a common natural disaster caused by heavy rainfall or snowmelt that leads to overflowing rivers, streams, lakes or oceans overtaking dry land. They can cause widespread damage, injury and loss of life. Some key points about floods are:
- They occur globally in every country and region near bodies of water or with heavy precipitation. Common types include river floods, flash floods, coastal floods, and urban floods.
- Factors like intensity and duration of rainfall, soil conditions, terrain, development in floodplains, and blocked drainage systems influence flood risks and impacts.
- Floods destroy property and infrastructure, damage crops and land, and disrupt lives. They are among the most costly
The document discusses floods in Pakistan and Australia. It notes that in 2010, Pakistan experienced devastating floods during monsoon season that killed over 1,500 people due to poor warning systems and housing not built to withstand floods. In contrast, Australian floods in the same year only killed 35 people as houses are built to prevent flood damage and accurate warning systems allowed for evacuation. The cost of damage was also higher in Pakistan at $9 billion compared to $6 billion in Australia. While flooding occurs annually in Pakistan and enriches the soil, Australian floods are rarer events.
This document is a student paper on water scarcity in Yemen. It discusses how Yemen receives little rainfall, relying heavily on groundwater which is being depleted. By 2025, 85% of Yemen's population will face water shortages as the country's water reserves will only last until then. Solutions proposed include desalination, wastewater reuse, and educating citizens on water conservation. The student asks if water shortages could potentially kill humans.
Scientific Definition
Difference Between Flood and Flash Flood
Elements/Components of Flood
Causes and Effects of Flood
Types/Kinds of Flood
What to do before, during and after Flood
This document is a social science project on floods by Vanshka Singh. It begins with an introduction defining floods and their causes, both natural and man-made. It then discusses the effects of floods including loss of life, property damage, health issues, and economic impacts. Prevention methods are outlined such as levees, reservoirs, and wetland conservation. Safety tips are provided for emergency preparedness before, during, and after floods. Recent major flood events are summarized, including the 2020 Assam floods in India and the 2018 Kerala floods, the worst in over 90 years.
Flooding in 2012 caused significant damage in Anambra State, Nigeria. The Omambala area, comprised of 5 local government areas, was among the most severely affected. Homes, infrastructure, and public and private property worth billions of naira were destroyed or submerged. Over 7 million people across Nigeria were impacted by flooding in 2012, including 2.3 million who were displaced. The study examined the negative social, economic, and environmental impacts of flooding on the Omambala area, in order to recommend mitigation measures to improve living conditions.
The document discusses water supply and issues relating to it. It covers topics like the hydrological cycle, agriculture's major use of water globally, the concept of water footprint which measures water use, and water shortage that occurs when usage exceeds supply. It also outlines where water is distributed on Earth, with most being ocean water which is salty and only 2.8% being freshwater. The document notes challenges like glacial retreat due to climate change and issues some countries face regarding uneven rainfall and rising populations putting pressure on water resources.
The document discusses floods, their causes, types, effects, and management strategies. It defines a flood as too much water in an area that is usually dry land. Major causes of flooding include heavy rains, overflowing rivers, strong winds, dam breaks, and snow/ice melts. Types of floods include river floods, coastal floods, urban floods, flash floods, and ice jams. The document then outlines various structural and non-structural strategies that can be used to mitigate flooding.
Floods are a common natural disaster caused by heavy rainfall or snowmelt that leads to overflowing rivers, streams, lakes or oceans overtaking dry land. They can cause widespread damage, injury and loss of life. Some key points about floods are:
- They occur globally in every country and region near bodies of water or with heavy precipitation. Common types include river floods, flash floods, coastal floods, and urban floods.
- Factors like intensity and duration of rainfall, soil conditions, terrain, development in floodplains, and blocked drainage systems influence flood risks and impacts.
- Floods destroy property and infrastructure, damage crops and land, and disrupt lives. They are among the most costly
The document discusses floods in Pakistan and Australia. It notes that in 2010, Pakistan experienced devastating floods during monsoon season that killed over 1,500 people due to poor warning systems and housing not built to withstand floods. In contrast, Australian floods in the same year only killed 35 people as houses are built to prevent flood damage and accurate warning systems allowed for evacuation. The cost of damage was also higher in Pakistan at $9 billion compared to $6 billion in Australia. While flooding occurs annually in Pakistan and enriches the soil, Australian floods are rarer events.
This document is a student paper on water scarcity in Yemen. It discusses how Yemen receives little rainfall, relying heavily on groundwater which is being depleted. By 2025, 85% of Yemen's population will face water shortages as the country's water reserves will only last until then. Solutions proposed include desalination, wastewater reuse, and educating citizens on water conservation. The student asks if water shortages could potentially kill humans.
Scientific Definition
Difference Between Flood and Flash Flood
Elements/Components of Flood
Causes and Effects of Flood
Types/Kinds of Flood
What to do before, during and after Flood
Floods occur when land is submerged by excessive water, such as from heavy rainfall, snow melt, high tides, or overflowing rivers and lakes. They have natural causes like storms, rainfall, snow melt, and atmospheric processes; and human causes involving deforestation, urban development, and greenhouse gas emissions. Deforestation reduces vegetation that intercepts rainfall, increasing surface runoff. Urbanization clears land and replaces vegetation with impermeable surfaces, also boosting surface runoff. Greenhouse gases cause global warming which increases heavy rainfall and raises sea levels. Human activities have contributed to more frequent and severe flooding.
This document provides information about natural hazards and disasters. It discusses different types of natural events such as volcanic eruptions, hurricanes, and landslides that shape the Earth. It defines natural hazards as events that have potential to damage life and property, and natural disasters as hazards that cause significant fatalities or property damage. Examples of different types of hazards are also given, including climatic, tectonic, geomorphological, and technological hazards caused by human activity. Specific historic disasters like Hurricane Katrina and the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami are discussed. Causes and impacts of flooding are explained in depth.
Floods are a common natural disaster in India that occur annually in many areas. They can be caused by factors like heavy rainfall, snowmelt, dam failures, and urbanization increasing surface runoff. To control floods, methods are used like building dams and pumping stations to control water levels, constructing barriers like levees and flood walls, altering river channels by straightening or widening them, implementing land use zoning near floodplains, and taking emergency measures during floods. Countries like the US also extensively use strategies such as levees along the Mississippi River to prevent flooding in communities.
Thousands of years ago, rivers would flood plains and valleys, depositing rich soil that made some areas good for early civilization. The most important early civilizations developed along flood plains of rivers like the Indus, Nile, Yellow River, and Tigris and Euphrates. Even though floods occur everywhere, there are four main types: river floods, flash floods, coastal floods, and urban floods. China experienced one of the deadliest floods in history in 1887 when the Yellow River flooded, killing at least 900,000 people. In 1889, a dam break in Pennsylvania caused the Johnstown Flood and extensive damage.
Floods are a common natural disaster in India that occur annually, causing widespread damage to lives and property. Some key points about floods and their management in India include:
- The major flood-prone states are Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Assam, and West Bengal.
- Floods are caused by heavy rainfall, river overflow, coastal flooding, and sometimes dam/reservoir failures. They impact lives, infrastructure, agriculture, and the economy.
- Flood management involves forecasting, structural measures like dams and levees, and non-structural plans to minimize damage and warn communities. Zoning also directs development away from high risk flood areas.
GEOGRAPHY YEAR 10: RIVERS AND FLOODING. Contains: river floods, factors to increase flooding, human factors, storm hydrographs, Boscastle 2004, Bangladesh 2007, the red mud in Hungary 2010.
The document discusses floods in India, including definitions, causes, impacts, management strategies, and case studies. It provides an overview of flood types, forecasting methods, zoning, and benefits. Major factors that cause floods are described. Impacts include loss of life, property damage, health issues, and economic disruption. Management involves mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery. Case studies of specific flood events in India are also presented.
Floods have several causes including heavy rainfall, storm surge, poor drainage systems, and development in flood-prone areas. There are different types of floods such as coastal flooding from storm surge, river flooding when rivers overflow their banks, flash flooding from heavy rainfall, groundwater flooding, and sewer flooding from overwhelmed drainage systems. The effects of floods include loss of life, property damage, damage to infrastructure like roads and power systems, spread of disease due to contaminated water, disruption to food supply from destroyed crops, and long-term impacts to agricultural land from flooding. Some of the most devastating historic floods include those in China in 1931, Bangladesh in 1972, and Venezuela in 1999.
The document discusses different types of floods including coastal, riverine, and surface floods. It provides details on the causes of flooding in India such as heavy rainfall, cyclone, inadequate drainage, and deforestation. The impacts of floods include loss of lives and property, loss of livelihoods, decreased economic growth, and long-term psychological effects.
This document defines and describes different types of flooding, including coastal flooding, river flooding, flash flooding, and sewer flooding. River flooding is the most common type in the UK and is usually caused by prolonged or heavy rain that overwhelms river capacity or blocks river flow. Coastal flooding occurs when high tides and storms combine to raise sea levels above normal. The document lists some historical floods from around the world and concludes with an overview of flooding risks.
This document defines and describes different types of flooding, including coastal flooding, river flooding, flash flooding, and sewer flooding. River flooding is the most common type of flooding in the UK, often caused by prolonged or heavy rain that overwhelms river capacity or blocks river flow. Coastal flooding occurs when high tides and storms combine to raise sea levels above normal. The document lists some historical floods from around the world and concludes with an overview of flooding risks.
This document discusses flooding and flood management. It begins with an abstract and then defines flooding, describing the main causes as heavy rain, river overflow, strong winds, dam breaks, and snow/ice melt. It outlines three main types of floods: flash floods, rapid onset floods, and slow onset floods. The effects of flooding are outlined as economic impacts, environmental impacts, and impacts to people and animals. The document provides guidance on actions to take before, during, and after floods and describes various flood prevention methods. It then presents a case study on the severe flooding that occurred in Chennai, India in 2015 when the city received over 290mm of rain in one day.
This document discusses various types of weather hazards including hurricanes, tornadoes, thunderstorms, hail, winds, winter weather, droughts, floods, frost, and tropical cyclones. It provides details on the causes and impacts of each hazard, particularly how they affect agriculture through damage to crops, livestock, and infrastructure. Specific historic droughts, floods, and cyclones in India are also outlined that have resulted in widespread deaths and destruction.
Flash floods are sudden floods caused by heavy rain or dam failures that occur quickly in a small area. They can move large objects and destroy buildings. Common causes are heavy rainfall over 1 inch per hour, saturated ground, and rain in uphill areas. Effects include loss of life, environmental damage from pollution, and millions in property damage. They frequently occur in areas with steep terrain and bare ground and reports have increased in the US due to better reporting. A 2009 flash flood in Kentuckiana was caused by over 14 inches of rain in under an hour from a thunderstorm. It caused widespread flooding, closed the University of Louisville for $15 million in damages, and disrupted power for 20,000 customers.
Floods are a common natural disaster in India that occur when bodies of water overflow their normal boundaries due to heavy rainfall or snow/ice melt. There are several types of floods including flash floods caused by intense rainfall in mountainous areas, river floods along large rivers, coastal floods due to storm surges and tsunamis, and urban floods when rainfall cannot be absorbed in urban areas. Floods can damage property and infrastructure, spread disease, and disrupt communities but may also provide benefits by recharging groundwater or increasing soil fertility. Prevention methods include coastal defenses, town planning, retaining walls, dams, and increasing vegetation cover. States frequently affected by floods in India include West Bengal, Odisha, Andhra Pradesh,
Floods occur when water overflows or breaks levees and causes water to escape its usual boundaries. There are several principal types of floods including areal, riverine, estuarine, coastal, and catastrophic floods. Floods can cause primary effects like physical damage, secondary effects like diseases and food shortages, and long-term economic impacts. Flood control involves defenses like levees, reservoirs, and emergency measures. Major floods throughout history have caused massive loss of life.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Evaluation of the causes and effects of flood in apete, ido local government ...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a research study that evaluated the causes and effects of flooding in Apete, Nigeria. The study found that poor waste management practices, such as indiscriminate dumping, have blocked drainage systems. High rates of construction along water channels has also contributed to flooding. As a result, many lives and properties have been destroyed by floods in the area. The study utilized questionnaires and interviews to examine the socioeconomic characteristics of residents, identify causes of flooding, determine impacts, and propose solutions to mitigate future floods.
This document provides information on various natural disasters that occur around the world, including their causes and impacts. It discusses several types of natural disasters such as flooding, earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, wildfires, cyclones, and floods. For each type of disaster, it describes the natural processes that cause it to occur and examples of damages caused. The document focuses on natural disasters that frequently impact India such as cyclones along the Bay of Bengal coastline, floods in the Gangetic plains, and earthquakes throughout the country.
The document discusses natural disasters, specifically floods, across South Asia. It provides details on some of the major flood events in Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka in recent decades. Some of the key points made are: floods are the most frequent natural disaster in South Asia, affecting millions of people annually; Pakistan suffered particularly devastating floods in 2010 that impacted over 20 million people; and India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka also experience regular flooding due to heavy monsoon rains and the regions' geography.
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...Joshua Orris
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
Floods occur when land is submerged by excessive water, such as from heavy rainfall, snow melt, high tides, or overflowing rivers and lakes. They have natural causes like storms, rainfall, snow melt, and atmospheric processes; and human causes involving deforestation, urban development, and greenhouse gas emissions. Deforestation reduces vegetation that intercepts rainfall, increasing surface runoff. Urbanization clears land and replaces vegetation with impermeable surfaces, also boosting surface runoff. Greenhouse gases cause global warming which increases heavy rainfall and raises sea levels. Human activities have contributed to more frequent and severe flooding.
This document provides information about natural hazards and disasters. It discusses different types of natural events such as volcanic eruptions, hurricanes, and landslides that shape the Earth. It defines natural hazards as events that have potential to damage life and property, and natural disasters as hazards that cause significant fatalities or property damage. Examples of different types of hazards are also given, including climatic, tectonic, geomorphological, and technological hazards caused by human activity. Specific historic disasters like Hurricane Katrina and the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami are discussed. Causes and impacts of flooding are explained in depth.
Floods are a common natural disaster in India that occur annually in many areas. They can be caused by factors like heavy rainfall, snowmelt, dam failures, and urbanization increasing surface runoff. To control floods, methods are used like building dams and pumping stations to control water levels, constructing barriers like levees and flood walls, altering river channels by straightening or widening them, implementing land use zoning near floodplains, and taking emergency measures during floods. Countries like the US also extensively use strategies such as levees along the Mississippi River to prevent flooding in communities.
Thousands of years ago, rivers would flood plains and valleys, depositing rich soil that made some areas good for early civilization. The most important early civilizations developed along flood plains of rivers like the Indus, Nile, Yellow River, and Tigris and Euphrates. Even though floods occur everywhere, there are four main types: river floods, flash floods, coastal floods, and urban floods. China experienced one of the deadliest floods in history in 1887 when the Yellow River flooded, killing at least 900,000 people. In 1889, a dam break in Pennsylvania caused the Johnstown Flood and extensive damage.
Floods are a common natural disaster in India that occur annually, causing widespread damage to lives and property. Some key points about floods and their management in India include:
- The major flood-prone states are Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Assam, and West Bengal.
- Floods are caused by heavy rainfall, river overflow, coastal flooding, and sometimes dam/reservoir failures. They impact lives, infrastructure, agriculture, and the economy.
- Flood management involves forecasting, structural measures like dams and levees, and non-structural plans to minimize damage and warn communities. Zoning also directs development away from high risk flood areas.
GEOGRAPHY YEAR 10: RIVERS AND FLOODING. Contains: river floods, factors to increase flooding, human factors, storm hydrographs, Boscastle 2004, Bangladesh 2007, the red mud in Hungary 2010.
The document discusses floods in India, including definitions, causes, impacts, management strategies, and case studies. It provides an overview of flood types, forecasting methods, zoning, and benefits. Major factors that cause floods are described. Impacts include loss of life, property damage, health issues, and economic disruption. Management involves mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery. Case studies of specific flood events in India are also presented.
Floods have several causes including heavy rainfall, storm surge, poor drainage systems, and development in flood-prone areas. There are different types of floods such as coastal flooding from storm surge, river flooding when rivers overflow their banks, flash flooding from heavy rainfall, groundwater flooding, and sewer flooding from overwhelmed drainage systems. The effects of floods include loss of life, property damage, damage to infrastructure like roads and power systems, spread of disease due to contaminated water, disruption to food supply from destroyed crops, and long-term impacts to agricultural land from flooding. Some of the most devastating historic floods include those in China in 1931, Bangladesh in 1972, and Venezuela in 1999.
The document discusses different types of floods including coastal, riverine, and surface floods. It provides details on the causes of flooding in India such as heavy rainfall, cyclone, inadequate drainage, and deforestation. The impacts of floods include loss of lives and property, loss of livelihoods, decreased economic growth, and long-term psychological effects.
This document defines and describes different types of flooding, including coastal flooding, river flooding, flash flooding, and sewer flooding. River flooding is the most common type in the UK and is usually caused by prolonged or heavy rain that overwhelms river capacity or blocks river flow. Coastal flooding occurs when high tides and storms combine to raise sea levels above normal. The document lists some historical floods from around the world and concludes with an overview of flooding risks.
This document defines and describes different types of flooding, including coastal flooding, river flooding, flash flooding, and sewer flooding. River flooding is the most common type of flooding in the UK, often caused by prolonged or heavy rain that overwhelms river capacity or blocks river flow. Coastal flooding occurs when high tides and storms combine to raise sea levels above normal. The document lists some historical floods from around the world and concludes with an overview of flooding risks.
This document discusses flooding and flood management. It begins with an abstract and then defines flooding, describing the main causes as heavy rain, river overflow, strong winds, dam breaks, and snow/ice melt. It outlines three main types of floods: flash floods, rapid onset floods, and slow onset floods. The effects of flooding are outlined as economic impacts, environmental impacts, and impacts to people and animals. The document provides guidance on actions to take before, during, and after floods and describes various flood prevention methods. It then presents a case study on the severe flooding that occurred in Chennai, India in 2015 when the city received over 290mm of rain in one day.
This document discusses various types of weather hazards including hurricanes, tornadoes, thunderstorms, hail, winds, winter weather, droughts, floods, frost, and tropical cyclones. It provides details on the causes and impacts of each hazard, particularly how they affect agriculture through damage to crops, livestock, and infrastructure. Specific historic droughts, floods, and cyclones in India are also outlined that have resulted in widespread deaths and destruction.
Flash floods are sudden floods caused by heavy rain or dam failures that occur quickly in a small area. They can move large objects and destroy buildings. Common causes are heavy rainfall over 1 inch per hour, saturated ground, and rain in uphill areas. Effects include loss of life, environmental damage from pollution, and millions in property damage. They frequently occur in areas with steep terrain and bare ground and reports have increased in the US due to better reporting. A 2009 flash flood in Kentuckiana was caused by over 14 inches of rain in under an hour from a thunderstorm. It caused widespread flooding, closed the University of Louisville for $15 million in damages, and disrupted power for 20,000 customers.
Floods are a common natural disaster in India that occur when bodies of water overflow their normal boundaries due to heavy rainfall or snow/ice melt. There are several types of floods including flash floods caused by intense rainfall in mountainous areas, river floods along large rivers, coastal floods due to storm surges and tsunamis, and urban floods when rainfall cannot be absorbed in urban areas. Floods can damage property and infrastructure, spread disease, and disrupt communities but may also provide benefits by recharging groundwater or increasing soil fertility. Prevention methods include coastal defenses, town planning, retaining walls, dams, and increasing vegetation cover. States frequently affected by floods in India include West Bengal, Odisha, Andhra Pradesh,
Floods occur when water overflows or breaks levees and causes water to escape its usual boundaries. There are several principal types of floods including areal, riverine, estuarine, coastal, and catastrophic floods. Floods can cause primary effects like physical damage, secondary effects like diseases and food shortages, and long-term economic impacts. Flood control involves defenses like levees, reservoirs, and emergency measures. Major floods throughout history have caused massive loss of life.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Evaluation of the causes and effects of flood in apete, ido local government ...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a research study that evaluated the causes and effects of flooding in Apete, Nigeria. The study found that poor waste management practices, such as indiscriminate dumping, have blocked drainage systems. High rates of construction along water channels has also contributed to flooding. As a result, many lives and properties have been destroyed by floods in the area. The study utilized questionnaires and interviews to examine the socioeconomic characteristics of residents, identify causes of flooding, determine impacts, and propose solutions to mitigate future floods.
This document provides information on various natural disasters that occur around the world, including their causes and impacts. It discusses several types of natural disasters such as flooding, earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, wildfires, cyclones, and floods. For each type of disaster, it describes the natural processes that cause it to occur and examples of damages caused. The document focuses on natural disasters that frequently impact India such as cyclones along the Bay of Bengal coastline, floods in the Gangetic plains, and earthquakes throughout the country.
The document discusses natural disasters, specifically floods, across South Asia. It provides details on some of the major flood events in Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka in recent decades. Some of the key points made are: floods are the most frequent natural disaster in South Asia, affecting millions of people annually; Pakistan suffered particularly devastating floods in 2010 that impacted over 20 million people; and India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka also experience regular flooding due to heavy monsoon rains and the regions' geography.
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...Joshua Orris
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...Joshua Orris
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.EpconLP
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...Open Access Research Paper
Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. River Kuywa water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities. Its water is widely used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational purposes. This study aimed at characterizing bacteria and fungi in river Kuywa water. Water samples were randomly collected from four sites of the river: site A (Matisi), site B (Ngwelo), site C (Nzoia water pump) and site D (Chalicha), during the dry season (January-March 2018) and wet season (April-July 2018) and were transported to Maseno University Microbiology and plant pathology laboratory for analysis. The characterization and identification of bacteria and fungi were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Nine bacterial genera and three fungi were identified from Kuywa river water. Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus complex and Penicillium species. Wet season recorded highest bacterial and fungal counts (6.61-7.66 and 3.83-6.75cfu/ml) respectively. The results indicated that the river Kuywa water is polluted and therefore unsafe for human consumption before treatment. It is therefore recommended that the communities to ensure that they boil water especially for drinking.
Presented by The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
RoHS stands for Restriction of Hazardous Substances, which is also known as t...vijaykumar292010
RoHS stands for Restriction of Hazardous Substances, which is also known as the Directive 2002/95/EC. It includes the restrictions for the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment. RoHS is a WEEE (Waste of Electrical and Electronic Equipment).
Enhanced action and stakeholder engagement for sustainable peatland management
Floods Disaster Management
1. &
FLOODS
Disaster Management
CAUSES OF FLOODS
FLOODS EVENTS ALL AROUND THE WORLD IN 21ST CENTURY
Coastal Flooding in New Jersey, USA (2018)
Groundwater Flooding in Ireland (2017)
Flash Flooding in Sichuan Province, China (2013)
Drain and Sewer Flooding in
Toronto, Canada (2013)
Debris Aftermath of Flooding in Madeira, Portugal (2010)
River Flooding in Sentani, West Papua, Indonesia (2019)
Extreme Weather and High Tides in The Ocean
Exceeding of River Capacity
Heavy and Sudden Rainfall
Failure of Drainage and Sewer System
Ground Unability to Absorb More Water
Indonesia is highly prone to flooding due to its
climate and topography.
Indonesia experiences two main types of flooding. Long-lasting river floods,
which are often influenced by tides, generally occur in large islands with large river basins
that have steep slopes and long, flat, and low floodplains. Flash floods typically inundate
small islands in eastern Indonesia that have small and steep mountainous river basin.
Source: worldbank.org
- Fahriza Luth (18511273)
- Nicky Sabella (18511277)
MITIGATION AND PREVENTION
Arranged by:
Group 5 of Introduction to Disaster Management
Civil Engineering Department
International Program Batch 2018/2019
Islamic University of Indonesia
Mapping of Flood Risk Area
Improving reserving rivers,
water reservoir, and drainage
Socialization and procedure
training
Providing waste management
facilities
Reforestation of upstream areas
Providing and reserving food and
clothes supplies
PREPAREDNESS AND EARLY WARNING SYSTEM
Risk knowledge
Monitoring and
warning service
Dissemination and
communication
Response capability
Establishing data, figure, maps on flood
risk and vulnerability in the area.
Establish sensors measuring water levels
at relevant sites in local waterways.
Dissemination roles and responsibilities
(media, government, NGOs)
Education and training programs to
improve disaster preparedness.
Source: UNISDR 2006
Source: BNPB
Source: National Geographic Channel | Flood 101
REHABILITATION AND RECONSTRUCTION
Dam construction in Central Sulawesi
TNI with community leaders to help with
the construction
Disaster-Resistant House
Construction
Relocation of Residents’ Houses