This document provides an overview of key concepts in Christianity, including its history, beliefs, sacred texts, important figures, rituals and observances, and divisions. It discusses how Christianity began with the teachings of Jesus Christ, and the Holy Trinity belief in God the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. Major events and festivals like Easter and Pentecost are also summarized. The document outlines Christian doctrines, symbols and sacraments, as well as views on topics like sexuality, family and divorce.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in Christianity, including beliefs, doctrines, sacred texts, religious leaders and hierarchy, worship and observances, and subdivisions. It discusses core teachings such as the Holy Trinity, Jesus as the founder, beliefs around God and the afterlife. Major Christian holidays and rituals are outlined like Advent, Lent, Easter and Pentecost. The origins and splits between the Catholic, Orthodox and Protestant churches are summarized.
Christianity began in the 1st century CE as an offshoot of Judaism, centered on the teachings of Jesus Christ. It is based on the belief that God sent his son Jesus to redeem humanity from sin. The Bible is Christianity's sacred text, comprised of the Old and New Testaments. Core beliefs include the Holy Trinity of God the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit; and salvation through faith in Jesus Christ.
Lesson 2 - Biblical Images of the Church.pptxCelso Napoleon
SBS | 1st Quarter of 2024 | CPAD Adults | Theme: THE BODY OF CHRIST - Origin, Nature and Mission of the Church in the World | Sunday Bible School | Lesson 2 - Biblical Images of the Church
Slides created by Celso Napoleon
Major religions of the world: Christianity, Catholic, Protestant, Baptist, Bo...JanuaryFernando
Christianity is one of the major religions in the world. It is based on the teachings of Jesus Christ as presented in the New Testament. There are three main branches of Christianity - Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy, and Protestantism. Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy split in the 11th century, and Protestantism emerged during the 16th century Reformation, splitting from the Catholic Church. Baptists are a major Protestant denomination that believes in believer's baptism by immersion and rejection of infant baptism. They also emphasize biblical authority and the autonomy of local churches.
Lesson 1- The Origin of the Church - Sunday Bible School.pptxCelso Napoleon
SBS | 1st Quarter of 2024 | CPAD Adults | Theme: THE BODY OF CHRIST - Origin, Nature and Mission of the Church in the World | Sunday Bible School | Lesson 1- The Origin of the Church
Slides created by Celso Napoleon
Christianity is the largest religion in the world with over 2 billion followers. It developed out of Judaism in the 1st century CE and centers around the life, teachings, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ, who Christians believe is the messiah. The religion is based on the Bible, which includes the Old and New Testaments, and teaches that there is one God who exists as the Holy Trinity of Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. Major beliefs include the virgin birth of Jesus, his resurrection, and the prospect of a final judgment.
This document discusses the Orthodox concept of the nature of Christ according to Pope Shenouda III. It begins by explaining that Christ is both fully God and fully man, with a perfect hypostatic union of the divine and human natures. It then summarizes several heresies regarding the nature of Christ such as Arianism, Apollinarianism, and Nestorianism. The document asserts that the Orthodox view is of the "one nature" of Christ, as taught by St. Cyril, meaning the divine and human natures are united without mingling, change, or separation. Analogies of human nature and iron united with fire are used to illustrate this union.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in Christianity, including its history, beliefs, sacred texts, important figures, rituals and observances, and divisions. It discusses how Christianity began with the teachings of Jesus Christ, and the Holy Trinity belief in God the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. Major events and festivals like Easter and Pentecost are also summarized. The document outlines Christian doctrines, symbols and sacraments, as well as views on topics like sexuality, family and divorce.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in Christianity, including beliefs, doctrines, sacred texts, religious leaders and hierarchy, worship and observances, and subdivisions. It discusses core teachings such as the Holy Trinity, Jesus as the founder, beliefs around God and the afterlife. Major Christian holidays and rituals are outlined like Advent, Lent, Easter and Pentecost. The origins and splits between the Catholic, Orthodox and Protestant churches are summarized.
Christianity began in the 1st century CE as an offshoot of Judaism, centered on the teachings of Jesus Christ. It is based on the belief that God sent his son Jesus to redeem humanity from sin. The Bible is Christianity's sacred text, comprised of the Old and New Testaments. Core beliefs include the Holy Trinity of God the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit; and salvation through faith in Jesus Christ.
Lesson 2 - Biblical Images of the Church.pptxCelso Napoleon
SBS | 1st Quarter of 2024 | CPAD Adults | Theme: THE BODY OF CHRIST - Origin, Nature and Mission of the Church in the World | Sunday Bible School | Lesson 2 - Biblical Images of the Church
Slides created by Celso Napoleon
Major religions of the world: Christianity, Catholic, Protestant, Baptist, Bo...JanuaryFernando
Christianity is one of the major religions in the world. It is based on the teachings of Jesus Christ as presented in the New Testament. There are three main branches of Christianity - Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy, and Protestantism. Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy split in the 11th century, and Protestantism emerged during the 16th century Reformation, splitting from the Catholic Church. Baptists are a major Protestant denomination that believes in believer's baptism by immersion and rejection of infant baptism. They also emphasize biblical authority and the autonomy of local churches.
Lesson 1- The Origin of the Church - Sunday Bible School.pptxCelso Napoleon
SBS | 1st Quarter of 2024 | CPAD Adults | Theme: THE BODY OF CHRIST - Origin, Nature and Mission of the Church in the World | Sunday Bible School | Lesson 1- The Origin of the Church
Slides created by Celso Napoleon
Christianity is the largest religion in the world with over 2 billion followers. It developed out of Judaism in the 1st century CE and centers around the life, teachings, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ, who Christians believe is the messiah. The religion is based on the Bible, which includes the Old and New Testaments, and teaches that there is one God who exists as the Holy Trinity of Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. Major beliefs include the virgin birth of Jesus, his resurrection, and the prospect of a final judgment.
This document discusses the Orthodox concept of the nature of Christ according to Pope Shenouda III. It begins by explaining that Christ is both fully God and fully man, with a perfect hypostatic union of the divine and human natures. It then summarizes several heresies regarding the nature of Christ such as Arianism, Apollinarianism, and Nestorianism. The document asserts that the Orthodox view is of the "one nature" of Christ, as taught by St. Cyril, meaning the divine and human natures are united without mingling, change, or separation. Analogies of human nature and iron united with fire are used to illustrate this union.
The document discusses what the Church is. It states that the Church is the mystical body of Christ, established by God on earth to gather humanity to divine life in heaven. It notes that God desires all the faithful to be united to him and one another in the mystical body. The Church is the instrument for the salvation of all. It also discusses the four marks of the Church - that it is one, holy, catholic, and apostolic. Jesus Christ founded the Church and gave authority to the apostles and St. Peter to govern it.
The document provides a brief history of the Catholic Church from the time of Christ and the Apostles to the Second Vatican Council. It describes how the Church was founded by Christ's command to spread the gospel to all nations. Key events included the persecution of early Christians under Roman emperors, the Edict of Milan legalizing Christianity, and the Great Schism that divided the Church into Western and Eastern branches. The Protestant Reformation led to new denominations but the Council of Trent initiated reforms and reaffirmed Catholic doctrine. The Second Vatican Council in the 1960s brought renewal and reforms to the modern Catholic Church.
Christianity is considered the largest religion in the world. It centers around the life, teachings, death and resurrection of Jesus Christ. The document discusses the Holy Trinity, common Christian symbols like the cross and fish, the historical background of Christianity developing in Palestine around 100 CE, and the three major Christian sects - Roman Catholic, Greek Orthodox, and Protestant. It also outlines the hierarchy in the Catholic church from the Pope down to deacons, key beliefs like the deity/God and sacred scriptures, the seven sacraments, selected issues like ecumenism and sexuality, and more.
This document provides an overview of Christianity. It begins with a review of Judaism and then examines Christianity in more detail. Some key points covered include: Christianity's origins and teachings are based on Jesus Christ; it is one of the largest religions in the world with over 2 billion followers; core beliefs include monotheism and the Holy Trinity; and important figures, texts, holidays, and doctrines are discussed such as priests, the Bible, Easter, and the Ten Commandments. The document also explores the history of Christianity's divisions and selected issues like sexuality, family/divorce, and capital punishment.
The document discusses the development and importance of creeds in Christianity. It provides background on the Apostles' Creed and Nicene Creed, including their origins, purposes, and key beliefs. The Apostles' Creed is considered a faithful summary of the apostles' teachings and is divided into sections about God the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. The Nicene Creed was based on ecumenical church councils and provides a more detailed profession of faith.
11.06.24 3rd article -the church and communion of saintsJustin Morris
This document provides a summary of key points about the third article of the Apostle's Creed concerning the holy Christian church and communion of saints. It begins with memorization verses and songs about the church. It then discusses what the church is, including that it is one, holy, apostolic, catholic, both invisible and visible. It notes that the church is the community of believers where the gospel is rightly taught and sacraments administered. The document examines terms used in the creed like "the," "holy," and "Christian" as applied to the church.
IWRBS-Module-5.pptx introduction to world religionbryandomingo8
Christianity is one of the world's largest religions with over 2 billion followers worldwide. It is based on the teachings of Jesus Christ, who lived in Israel approximately 2000 years ago. Some of the core beliefs of Christianity include the Trinity of God as Father, Son, and Holy Spirit; the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ; salvation through faith in Christ; and eternal life after death or judgment. Christianity was founded by Jesus and later established as a religion by his disciples and apostles through the spread of his teachings.
The document discusses the origins and meanings of key Christian terms:
1) "Church" derives from the Greek "ekklesia" meaning assembly, used in the Septuagint to translate the Hebrew "qahal" referring to God's calling of the Israelites.
2) In the New Testament, "ekklesia" designates the early Christian community called together by Christ for prayer and the Eucharist.
3) Today, the Church is understood as the new people of God in each local community, made real in the Eucharist.
4) To be Christian means to follow Jesus Christ, Catholic means universal and all-embracing, and Roman Catholic implies
St. Monica Liturgical Ministry Retreat (April 18, 2015)pennpadre
This document summarizes portions of 1 Kings 17, which describes Elijah proclaiming a drought in Israel at God's command. It introduces Elijah and recounts how he is fed by ravens and stays with a widow whose flour and oil are miraculously sustained. When the widow's son falls ill and dies, Elijah prays and the son is revived. The document also summarizes 1 Kings 19, where Elijah flees in fear after confronting King Ahab and complains to God that he alone remains faithful in Israel.
The document outlines a course on ecclesiology or the theology of the church. It begins with a prayer for wisdom and understanding before study. The course covers various topics on the church, including its meaning and foundations in scripture, images and models of the church, the church throughout history, and its institutional and sacramental dimensions. It examines themes like the church as mystery, people of God, body of Christ, and its mission of proclaiming the gospel. Major sources influencing the course are cited.
Christianity originated with the teachings of Jesus Christ, who lived in Israel around 2000 years ago and is believed by Christians to be the Messiah. It later developed into three major divisions - Roman Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy, and Protestantism, which have some differences in beliefs, practices, and authority structures but are united in their core beliefs about Jesus. The document provides details on the origins and spread of Christianity, the life and teachings of Jesus Christ, and the differences between the three major branches of modern Christianity.
Christianity is based on the teachings of Jesus Christ and has over 2 billion followers worldwide. The document provides an overview of key aspects of Christianity including its sacred scriptures (the Bible), core beliefs and doctrines such as the Ten Commandments, major divisions and religious leaders, important symbols, and the historical foundations and spread of the religion since Jesus. Christianity began in Palestine around 100 CE and is now divided into Catholicism, Orthodox Christianity, and Protestantism.
This document provides an overview and introduction to the Apostles' Creed. It begins with memorization verses related to faith and God. It then discusses symbols for the Trinity and includes prayers addressed to each person. The remainder of the document covers the history of creeds, the Trinity, and an application of doctrine. It aims to teach the basics of who Christians worship as Father, Son and Holy Spirit based on Scripture. Discussion topics include Arius and quotes on doctrine from Rick Warren and Augustine. The intent is to help understand the Apostles' Creed through a topical study of the Lutheran confessions.
Christianity originated in Palestine around 100 CE and was founded by Jesus Christ. It is now one of the world's largest religions with over 2 billion followers worldwide. Christianity is based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ as well as beliefs outlined in the Holy Bible. The three main branches are Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy, and Protestantism.
The document discusses several early church councils:
1) The Council of Ephesus in 431 affirmed Mary as the "Theotokos" or mother of God, excommunicated Nestorius, and affirmed the divine and human natures of Christ cannot be separated.
2) The Second Council of Ephesus in 449 reinstated Eutyches, outlawed an earlier statement of faith, deposed bishops, and refused to read Pope Leo's statement.
3) The Council of Chalcedon in 451 defined that Christ has two natures, divine and human, which are united in one person and cannot be confused or divided. It was a victory for Pope Leo I's Christology but
Challenges and Controversies in Christian HistoryMark Pavlin
This slide deck study on selected topics in Christian history is one of a series to help leaders of a Bible study or Sunday School class who are too busy to research and prepare as well as they would like for the task. The entire series is engaging, colorful and challenging and is ready to go even at the last moment. More are in the works. Search using keyword "lessonstogo",
THE UNIQUENESS OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH-RCIA-SFX-PJ-08maximilianyong
The document discusses the origins and nature of the Catholic Church. It describes how the Church was established by Jesus Christ and how he called the apostles to form a community of faith. It discusses how the Church is universal, holy, and apostolic, spanning all people and times. It also outlines the hierarchical structure of the Church and roles of the Pope, bishops, priests, and laity.
The document discusses the essential marks of the Church - that it is one, holy, catholic, and apostolic. It provides scriptural evidence and teachings from the Catechism to explain each mark. For the Church to be one, Christians must strive for unity through love. The Church is holy as the Holy Spirit guides believers to holiness. It is catholic or universal as Christ calls all people to salvation. And it is apostolic as built upon the foundation of the apostles' teaching.
1.3 canon, creeds and heresy presentationjamiemcmillan
The early Christians faced many challenges that forced them to define and defend their beliefs. They developed creeds and established orthodox doctrines to distinguish themselves from heresies like Gnosticism and Docetism. Church leadership structures emerged with bishops, priests, and deacons. Important Church Fathers like Irenaeus wrote to refute heresies and established what books were part of the biblical canon.
ROMAN CATHOLIC PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHIATRIC ETHICS - Chapter 42_MordiniEmilio Mordini
The document provides background on Roman Catholic perspectives on psychiatric ethics. It discusses:
1) Key theological features of Roman Catholicism including beliefs outlined in the Nicene Creed and the hierarchical structure of the Church.
2) The concept of "natural law" in Roman Catholic moral teaching, which is defined as the original moral sense enabling humans to discern good from evil through reason. Natural law is considered immutable.
3) Tensions between Jesus' ethical teachings emphasizing love and the strong normative framework provided by the concept of natural law in Catholicism. Natural law can be understood as moral order grounded in nature or consistent with human reason.
The document discusses what the Church is. It states that the Church is the mystical body of Christ, established by God on earth to gather humanity to divine life in heaven. It notes that God desires all the faithful to be united to him and one another in the mystical body. The Church is the instrument for the salvation of all. It also discusses the four marks of the Church - that it is one, holy, catholic, and apostolic. Jesus Christ founded the Church and gave authority to the apostles and St. Peter to govern it.
The document provides a brief history of the Catholic Church from the time of Christ and the Apostles to the Second Vatican Council. It describes how the Church was founded by Christ's command to spread the gospel to all nations. Key events included the persecution of early Christians under Roman emperors, the Edict of Milan legalizing Christianity, and the Great Schism that divided the Church into Western and Eastern branches. The Protestant Reformation led to new denominations but the Council of Trent initiated reforms and reaffirmed Catholic doctrine. The Second Vatican Council in the 1960s brought renewal and reforms to the modern Catholic Church.
Christianity is considered the largest religion in the world. It centers around the life, teachings, death and resurrection of Jesus Christ. The document discusses the Holy Trinity, common Christian symbols like the cross and fish, the historical background of Christianity developing in Palestine around 100 CE, and the three major Christian sects - Roman Catholic, Greek Orthodox, and Protestant. It also outlines the hierarchy in the Catholic church from the Pope down to deacons, key beliefs like the deity/God and sacred scriptures, the seven sacraments, selected issues like ecumenism and sexuality, and more.
This document provides an overview of Christianity. It begins with a review of Judaism and then examines Christianity in more detail. Some key points covered include: Christianity's origins and teachings are based on Jesus Christ; it is one of the largest religions in the world with over 2 billion followers; core beliefs include monotheism and the Holy Trinity; and important figures, texts, holidays, and doctrines are discussed such as priests, the Bible, Easter, and the Ten Commandments. The document also explores the history of Christianity's divisions and selected issues like sexuality, family/divorce, and capital punishment.
The document discusses the development and importance of creeds in Christianity. It provides background on the Apostles' Creed and Nicene Creed, including their origins, purposes, and key beliefs. The Apostles' Creed is considered a faithful summary of the apostles' teachings and is divided into sections about God the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. The Nicene Creed was based on ecumenical church councils and provides a more detailed profession of faith.
11.06.24 3rd article -the church and communion of saintsJustin Morris
This document provides a summary of key points about the third article of the Apostle's Creed concerning the holy Christian church and communion of saints. It begins with memorization verses and songs about the church. It then discusses what the church is, including that it is one, holy, apostolic, catholic, both invisible and visible. It notes that the church is the community of believers where the gospel is rightly taught and sacraments administered. The document examines terms used in the creed like "the," "holy," and "Christian" as applied to the church.
IWRBS-Module-5.pptx introduction to world religionbryandomingo8
Christianity is one of the world's largest religions with over 2 billion followers worldwide. It is based on the teachings of Jesus Christ, who lived in Israel approximately 2000 years ago. Some of the core beliefs of Christianity include the Trinity of God as Father, Son, and Holy Spirit; the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ; salvation through faith in Christ; and eternal life after death or judgment. Christianity was founded by Jesus and later established as a religion by his disciples and apostles through the spread of his teachings.
The document discusses the origins and meanings of key Christian terms:
1) "Church" derives from the Greek "ekklesia" meaning assembly, used in the Septuagint to translate the Hebrew "qahal" referring to God's calling of the Israelites.
2) In the New Testament, "ekklesia" designates the early Christian community called together by Christ for prayer and the Eucharist.
3) Today, the Church is understood as the new people of God in each local community, made real in the Eucharist.
4) To be Christian means to follow Jesus Christ, Catholic means universal and all-embracing, and Roman Catholic implies
St. Monica Liturgical Ministry Retreat (April 18, 2015)pennpadre
This document summarizes portions of 1 Kings 17, which describes Elijah proclaiming a drought in Israel at God's command. It introduces Elijah and recounts how he is fed by ravens and stays with a widow whose flour and oil are miraculously sustained. When the widow's son falls ill and dies, Elijah prays and the son is revived. The document also summarizes 1 Kings 19, where Elijah flees in fear after confronting King Ahab and complains to God that he alone remains faithful in Israel.
The document outlines a course on ecclesiology or the theology of the church. It begins with a prayer for wisdom and understanding before study. The course covers various topics on the church, including its meaning and foundations in scripture, images and models of the church, the church throughout history, and its institutional and sacramental dimensions. It examines themes like the church as mystery, people of God, body of Christ, and its mission of proclaiming the gospel. Major sources influencing the course are cited.
Christianity originated with the teachings of Jesus Christ, who lived in Israel around 2000 years ago and is believed by Christians to be the Messiah. It later developed into three major divisions - Roman Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy, and Protestantism, which have some differences in beliefs, practices, and authority structures but are united in their core beliefs about Jesus. The document provides details on the origins and spread of Christianity, the life and teachings of Jesus Christ, and the differences between the three major branches of modern Christianity.
Christianity is based on the teachings of Jesus Christ and has over 2 billion followers worldwide. The document provides an overview of key aspects of Christianity including its sacred scriptures (the Bible), core beliefs and doctrines such as the Ten Commandments, major divisions and religious leaders, important symbols, and the historical foundations and spread of the religion since Jesus. Christianity began in Palestine around 100 CE and is now divided into Catholicism, Orthodox Christianity, and Protestantism.
This document provides an overview and introduction to the Apostles' Creed. It begins with memorization verses related to faith and God. It then discusses symbols for the Trinity and includes prayers addressed to each person. The remainder of the document covers the history of creeds, the Trinity, and an application of doctrine. It aims to teach the basics of who Christians worship as Father, Son and Holy Spirit based on Scripture. Discussion topics include Arius and quotes on doctrine from Rick Warren and Augustine. The intent is to help understand the Apostles' Creed through a topical study of the Lutheran confessions.
Christianity originated in Palestine around 100 CE and was founded by Jesus Christ. It is now one of the world's largest religions with over 2 billion followers worldwide. Christianity is based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ as well as beliefs outlined in the Holy Bible. The three main branches are Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy, and Protestantism.
The document discusses several early church councils:
1) The Council of Ephesus in 431 affirmed Mary as the "Theotokos" or mother of God, excommunicated Nestorius, and affirmed the divine and human natures of Christ cannot be separated.
2) The Second Council of Ephesus in 449 reinstated Eutyches, outlawed an earlier statement of faith, deposed bishops, and refused to read Pope Leo's statement.
3) The Council of Chalcedon in 451 defined that Christ has two natures, divine and human, which are united in one person and cannot be confused or divided. It was a victory for Pope Leo I's Christology but
Challenges and Controversies in Christian HistoryMark Pavlin
This slide deck study on selected topics in Christian history is one of a series to help leaders of a Bible study or Sunday School class who are too busy to research and prepare as well as they would like for the task. The entire series is engaging, colorful and challenging and is ready to go even at the last moment. More are in the works. Search using keyword "lessonstogo",
THE UNIQUENESS OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH-RCIA-SFX-PJ-08maximilianyong
The document discusses the origins and nature of the Catholic Church. It describes how the Church was established by Jesus Christ and how he called the apostles to form a community of faith. It discusses how the Church is universal, holy, and apostolic, spanning all people and times. It also outlines the hierarchical structure of the Church and roles of the Pope, bishops, priests, and laity.
The document discusses the essential marks of the Church - that it is one, holy, catholic, and apostolic. It provides scriptural evidence and teachings from the Catechism to explain each mark. For the Church to be one, Christians must strive for unity through love. The Church is holy as the Holy Spirit guides believers to holiness. It is catholic or universal as Christ calls all people to salvation. And it is apostolic as built upon the foundation of the apostles' teaching.
1.3 canon, creeds and heresy presentationjamiemcmillan
The early Christians faced many challenges that forced them to define and defend their beliefs. They developed creeds and established orthodox doctrines to distinguish themselves from heresies like Gnosticism and Docetism. Church leadership structures emerged with bishops, priests, and deacons. Important Church Fathers like Irenaeus wrote to refute heresies and established what books were part of the biblical canon.
ROMAN CATHOLIC PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHIATRIC ETHICS - Chapter 42_MordiniEmilio Mordini
The document provides background on Roman Catholic perspectives on psychiatric ethics. It discusses:
1) Key theological features of Roman Catholicism including beliefs outlined in the Nicene Creed and the hierarchical structure of the Church.
2) The concept of "natural law" in Roman Catholic moral teaching, which is defined as the original moral sense enabling humans to discern good from evil through reason. Natural law is considered immutable.
3) Tensions between Jesus' ethical teachings emphasizing love and the strong normative framework provided by the concept of natural law in Catholicism. Natural law can be understood as moral order grounded in nature or consistent with human reason.
Similar to FLEPUNIVERSITYBIBLECOLLEGELIBRARYECCLESIOLOGY.pdf (20)
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
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A Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two HeartsSteve Thomason
These slides walk through the story of 1 Samuel. Samuel is the last judge of Israel. The people reject God and want a king. Saul is anointed as the first king, but he is not a good king. David, the shepherd boy is anointed and Saul is envious of him. David shows honor while Saul continues to self destruct.
This presentation was provided by Rebecca Benner, Ph.D., of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
1. FLEP UNIVERSITY BIBLE COLLEGE .
EMAIL : flepuniversitybiblecollege@gmail.com
AUYHOR : PROFESSOR MORRISSON G.K.E.E MARTEY./ CONTACT US ON : TELEGRAM +233551506235/
TEL : +14587694902 / Telegram +233538504606
COURSE CODE : THEC367 / AUTHOR : PROFESSOR MORRISON G.E.E.K. MARTEY
COURSE : ECCLESIOLOGY
Ecclesiology – A Study of the Doctrine of the Church
Descent of the Spirit by Dore
‘Decent of the Spirit’ by Gustave Dore’
Ecclesiology – the study of the Church: its origin, orders, sacraments, history and future.
I. Biblical images of the Church
The Church is described in the Bible with many titles and metaphors.
The background of the English word “church” is found by observing the various names for “church”
around the world. They are commonly derived from the Greek kuriache, “those who are possessed by
the kurios”, or “Lord”.
Ecclesia is another Greek word that we translate “church.” ‘Ecclesia’ means “a called out assembly”.
This Greek word is based on the verb kaleo, or “to call.”
St. Augustine described the Church as a corpus per mixtum, a “mixed body”.
In Matthew 13:24-30, Jesus taught that “wheat” and “tares” (true and false believers) exist together in
the visible Church.
Theologians throughout history have distinguished between the “visible” and “invisible” Church.
The true people of God are largely a part of the “invisible” Church.
3. The Church is described in the New Testament as:
2. A ‘mystery’ (Eph. 3:3-6 & 9).
A Body over which Christ is the Head (I Cor. 12:12-14, 25-27).
A Building (Eph. 2:19-22).
The Bride of Christ (Revelation 22:17; Ephesians 5:25-32).
II. The origin of the Church.
Some denominations within Christianity believe that the Church originated in Old Testament history.
This idea arose from a misinterpretation of Acts 7:37-38, which, in the 1611 King James Version is
mistranslated as “This is he, that was in the church in the wilderness”. The verse should read, “was with
the assembly in the wilderness”.
This theory states that all true believers in the one true God, since the time of Adam until the Second
Advent of Christ, are part of the ‘church’ which is made up of all the faithful saints of God throughout
human history.
It is the conviction of the author of this article, and the majority of Evangelical, as well as Catholic
denominations, that this concept of the Church is erroneous.
During Jesus’ earthly ministry, He stated that He was yet to build His Church.
A) In Matthew 16:15-18, Jesus said He would build a future Church upon the testimony of Peter:
“He said to them, ‘But who do you say that I am?’ Simon Peter answered and said, ‘You are the Christ,
the Son of the living God.’ Jesus answered and said to him, ‘Blessed are you, Simon Bar-Jonah, for flesh
and blood has not revealed this to you, but My Father who is in heaven. And I also say to you that you
are Peter, and on this rock I will build My church, and the gates of Hades shall not prevail against it.’” –
Matthew 16:15-18 (NKJV)
B) After His crucifixion and resurrection, He told His disciples to wait in Jerusalem for the promise of the
Holy Spirit:
3. “Behold, I send the Promise of My Father upon you; but tarry in the city of Jerusalem until you are
endued with power from on high.” – Luke 24:49
C) When the Holy Spirit came on the day of Pentecost in Acts chapter 2, Jesus’ disciples were endued
with power to be the Church and to fulfill the Great Commission:
“When the Day of Pentecost had fully come, they were all with one accord in one place. And suddenly
there came a sound from heaven, as of a rushing mighty wind, and it filled the whole house where they
were sitting. Then there appeared to them divided tongues, as of fire, and one sat upon each of them.
And they were all filled with the Holy Spirit and began to speak with other tongues, as the Spirit gave
them utterance. And there were dwelling in Jerusalem Jews, devout men, from every nation under
heaven. And when this sound occurred, the multitude came together, and were confused, because
everyone heard them speak in his own language. Then they were all amazed and marveled, saying to
one another, ‘Look, are not all these who speak Galileans? And how is it that we hear, each in our own
language in which we were born? Parthians and Medes and Elamites, those dwelling in Mesopotamia,
Judea and Cappadocia, Pontus and Asia, Phrygia and Pamphylia, Egypt and the parts of Libya adjoining
Cyrene, visitors from Rome, both Jews and proselytes, Cretans and Arabs—we hear them speaking in our
own tongues the wonderful works of God.’” – Acts 2:1-11
III. The Church – One and Holy.
There are other metaphors used to describe the Church.
The Church is described as a “body”, with Jesus Christ as the “head”.
The Church is also called the Laos tou Theou, or the “People of God.”
The Church is described as a building, built on the foundation of the Apostles and prophets, with
Christ as “the Chief cornerstone”. The rest of the Church is made up of the individual stones.
What are the chief characteristics of the Church?
4. In the fourth century, the Church was defined as “one, holy, catholic and Apostolic” in its character.
(“catholic”, meaning “universal” or “world-wide”.)
These terms are rarely used in Protestantism, but they remain an excellent description of the true
Church.
What does it mean that we are “one”?
The Church is a community of saints, or communio sanctorum.
The visible Church always will be fragmented. The invisible Church is necessarily one.
When and why should churches split? Certainly not over minor matters. The error of schismatic
behavior is as bad as remaining linked to a corrupt body.
What does it mean that the Church is holy”?
No institution has been so gifted throughout history as the Christian Church. When we fail to obey the
mission God has given us, we are all the more blameworthy.
So how can we say the Church is holy? We appear to be very unholy.
“Holy” means “set apart.” The Church is holy in the sense that it has a sacred mission. And God has
promised that the Church will not fail in her mission.
Jesus said, “…on this rock I will build My Church, and the gates of Hades shall not prevail against it.”
Matthew 16:18
The Church is subject to the concentrated ministry of the Holy Spirit.
The Church is where the saints (“holy ones” or “called out ones”) are gathered, so this makes the
Church a holy institution as well.
5. IV. The Church: Catholic & Apostolic
The third characteristic of the Church is that it is “catholic,” or universal.
The Apostles’ Creed says that we believe in the “catholic” Church. But this is not referring to the
Roman institution.
The fellowship of the Church goes beyond regional boundaries.
The final characteristic of the Church is that it is “Apostolic”.
In the first century, the primary authority in the Church was vested in the Apostles. An apostolos is one
who is “sent from a kurios (Lord)” to represent him.
There is a significant difference between the disciples (learners) of Christ and His Apostles.
Those who rejected the Apostles rejected Jesus. Groups such as the Gnostics disputed the authority of
the Apostles, but tried to keep an allegiance to Jesus and other Biblical characters.
Apostolic authority is challenged today, especially by higher critics and feminist theologians.
Those who attack the Apostles attack the foundations of the Church.
The abandonment of Apostolic authority is at the heart of the demise of the visible Church in Europe.
During the Reformation, as today, it was debated as to who was the true Church. The question is
stated more accurately, “What is a true Church – What are its marks?”
Proper preaching of the Gospel.
Proper administration of the sacraments.
Proper discipline and government of God’s people.
6. Catholic, Protestant (Reformed) and Eastern Orthodox Christians make up the three major branches of
Christianity. However, some of the biggest obstacles we will encounter as Evangelicals are
misunderstanding and miscommunication.
Catholics often use the very same terminology as Protestants or Evangelical Christians do, but with a
different interpretation. They assume we are talking about the same thing, and we as well mistakenly
assume that they understand what we are trying to share with them from the Bible.
Three fundamental differences in understanding between Catholic and Evangelical Christians:
The Church. Catholics view “The Church” as a visible institution outside of which there is no salvation
(Protestants are ‘tolerated’ because the Pope declared them “separated brethren”). Protestants view the
Church as a body of “called out” believers in Christ (the invisible “Body of Christ” which only God knows
those who are truly His) who assemble to worship God and encourage one another in the faith.
Salvation by Grace. Catholics profess to believe in “Salvation by Grace through Faith”, but their
interpretation of it is un-Biblical, because they see “grace” as being imputed to them through the
Sacraments. Protestants accept the New Testament definition of “grace” as “unmerited favor” and
Salvation as being by grace through faith in the finished work of Christ on the cross, and not through the
Church.
The Priesthood. Catholics see the “Priesthood” as an elite class servants of the Church which have
achieved a somewhat higher level of spirituality through Penance, Vows, Ordination into the supposed
“apostolic line” of clergy, Seminary, and other religious training. Protestants believe in the “priesthood of
all believers”; all believers may now come boldly to the throne of God’s grace because Christ has become
our Advocate to the Father.
V. Worship in the Church
Revelation 5 is one of the most powerful passages of worship in the Bible.
7. Every Christian should be able to relate to this kind of heavenly worship.
We were created to worship God. Once we are regenerate, we have a capacity and a hunger to express
the worth and value of God.
One of the key functions of God’s Church is to express worship.
Worship is the vocation of the Church. But what is worship?
Worship is a measure of worth, value or honor. Worship honors God as God.
Romans 1 teaches that, in our fallen state, our basic sin is refusal to worship God.
In the Old Testament, worship was seen primarily as an offering or a sacrifice. Some sacrifices were
done simply to honor God. Music and praise were seen as a kind of sacrifice in that system, and it is not
error to give this kind of sacrifice today (Rom. 12:1–2).
Adoration is another kind of worship that is characterized by expressions of intense love from our
inmost being. This is a spiritual expression of love that defies precise definition.
What does it mean to worship God in “spirit and in truth”? John 4 is where Jesus meets the Samaritan
woman and tells her how to worship God. But what does it mean?
The second part is not too difficult. We are not to worship God falsely— neither through idolatry nor
hypocrisy.
The first part is more difficult. It probably refers to “soulful” worship, worship that flows from the
heart, from the very depths of our being.
During the Reformation, the priority was proper worship of God. All the Reformers were concerned
with worshiping God in truth, that is, purifying their churches from idolatry.
The patterns of worship were dictated in Old Testament times. One principle we can learn from this
was that the entire person should be involved in worship: the mind and the five senses, together with
the heart, the will and the spirit.
VI. The Organization of the Church.
8. The Holy Spirit’s gifts to the Church (Eph. 4:7 & 11 – 12; 1 Cor. 12:28):
Apostles
Prophets
Evangelists
Pastors
Teachers
Miracles
Healers
Helps
Administrators
Languages
It’s Officers:
A) The New Testament teaches the “priesthood of all believers” (1 Peter 2:4-5 & 9; Revelation 1:5b-6;
Revelation 5:9-10).
B) Because the Canon of inspired Scripture is now complete, ‘prophets’ and ‘apostles’ no longer exist in
the modern Church, except in the similitude of missionaries sent out from churches to unreached
regions of the world to proclaim the Gospel of Jesus Christ.
C) However, there are specific offices of ministry and leadership in the Church. They are:
Deacons – from the Greek word ‘diákonos’, meaning ‘servant’ or ‘helper’, an office usually
accompanied by gifts of ‘evangelism’, ‘administration’ and ‘helps’.
9. Elders – from the Greek word ‘presbyter’, synonymous with ‘pastor’ and ‘teacher’.
Overseer – from the Greek word ‘epískopos’, usually translated ‘bishop’, meaning an ‘overseer’ or
‘overseeing-presbyter’; that is, a ‘pastor-teacher’ whose position and ministry spans a region or area of
churches whose pastors are under his supervision.
VII. The Sacraments of the Church
It is the privilege of an ordained minister to administer the sacraments.
As important as it is, Sacramentology is a hotly debated issue, with many controversies surrounding it.
Some churches prefer the word “ordinances”. One reason we use the word “sacraments” is that these
actions are sacred.
This explains the seriousness of the debate.
The number of the sacraments of the Church is one of the debated issues.
A) The Roman Catholic Church has seven sacraments, all of which are said to infuse grace into the soul.
This grace is ex opere operato, which means “through the working of the works.”
B) In the Roman Church the sacrament does not work automatically, but it can be hindered by the
recipient.
The first sacrament administered in the New Testament was “baptism”. This will be discussed in full in
a subsequent article.
Even if a Catholic loses his justification, he is not rebaptized.
10. At “confirmation”, the second sacrament of the Roman Church, new grace is given to the child to
prepare him for this new phase of his life.
“Penance” is the third sacrament in Catholicism. It is the “second plank” of justification. Grace is
infused and, if justification is lost, it can be regained via penance.
“Matrimony” is the fourth sacrament and, as before, gives grace to those about to be married.
“Holy orders” is the fifth sacrament of Rome. It is given to those in ministry to enable them to
dispense grace and offer the prayer of consecration, which changes the bread and wine into the body
and blood of Christ.
The sixth sacrament is “extreme unction”. It originally was not called “last rites,” but was based on
James 5, which describes an anointing for healing not death.
The last sacrament we have left is the “eucharist”. “Communion” or “The Lord’s Supper” dispenses
grace to the recipient. It will be discussed in full in a subsequent lecture.
Most Protestants reduce the seven sacraments to two: Baptism and the Lord’s Supper. They are
commonly referred to as Ordinances rather than Sacraments, and the other five are usually referred to
as Rites.
Luther wrote “The Babylonian Captivity of the Church” against the sacerdotalism of the Roman
institution. “Sacramental salvation” was attacked in this book and “justification by faith alone” was
exalted.
The Reformers said that the only sacraments they would recognize must be those directly instituted by
Christ. This limited the number to two. Other activities, such as “ordination”, could be ordinances, but
not sacraments.
The Reformers also said that the sacraments functioned ex opera operantis, meaning that “the
benefits are received by faith”.
The Sacraments are signs and seals. They are the Word dramatized. They represent God’s guarantee
that we will receive the benefits of salvation.
11. VIII. Baptism
The sacrament of Baptism is practiced in a variety of ways.
We baptize adults and children, and we do so for different reasons.
The baptism of John the Baptist is not the model for baptism today. It was directed specifically to the
Jews, who were technically in Old Testament times. It should not be used as a pattern for today.
There was a Jewish practice known as proselyte baptism, one performed on Gentiles. John the Baptist
proclaimed the need for Jews to be baptized in a similar manner.
When Jesus instituted the New Covenant, He gave new signs to represent it.
Remember that God gave a sign to Noah to represent the covenant God made with him – the rainbow.
God gave a sign for the Old Covenant as well: Circumcision.
Paul asked, “What advantage is it to be a Jew?” The question was rhetorical — he was saying that the
things that made them Jewish (such as the bearing of covenant signs) were not insignificant.
The cutting of circumcision represented not only the blessings of the covenant, but the cursings as
well. On this basis, Paul was completely opposed to the Judaizing movement (see Galatians).
There is significant continuity between the Old Covenant and the New. But not identity. They are not
separate, but they are distinct.
The reality of our union with Christ is made clearer by our baptism. God has made promises to us, and
baptism reminds us of those promises.
In Colossians 2:8–12, Paul discusses exactly what the rite of baptism signifies for us.
If I were the only person in the world God had ordained to save, then Jesus would have had to die on
the cross for my sins.
Baptism symbolizes our identification with Christ.
Who qualifies for baptism?
12. The Scriptural qualification for baptism in the New Testament is that you sincerely believe in the
Gospel – the death, burial and resurrection of Jesus Christ. This is called ‘Believer’s baptism’ and requires
that the recipient at least be old enough to understand and believe the Gospel.
This was demonstrated in Acts 8:35-37 by Philip and the Ethiopian eunuch: “Then Philip opened his
mouth, and beginning at this Scripture, preached Jesus to him. Now as they went down the road, they
came to some water. And the eunuch said, ‘See, here is water. What hinders me from being baptized?’
Then Philip said, ‘If you believe with all your heart, you may.’ And he answered and said, ‘I believe that
Jesus Christ is the Son of God.’”
Just as the Old Testament signs were given to believers and their children, New Testament signs were
also given.
The Old Testament sign of circumcision also symbolized faith in God—there is no change at this point
in the New Testament.
The validity of baptism depends not on the recipient or the baptizer, but on God.
Modes of baptism.
Various “modes” of baptism have been used by Christians throughout Church history: Dipping – the head
only, Sprinkling, Pouring and Immersion.
Romans 6:3-4 seems to suggest that “immersion” is the Biblical mode because it symbolizes the death,
burial and resurrection of our Lord Jesus Christ.
“Or do you not know that as many of us as were baptized into Christ Jesus were baptized into His
death? Therefore we were buried with Him through baptism into death, that just as Christ was raised
from the dead by the glory of the Father, even so we also should walk in newness of life.” Romans 6:3-4
Some denominations, such as Catholic and Reformed churches, also practice “Infant” (also called
“Covenant”) Baptism.
13. The case against “infant baptism” is found in Acts 8:35-37 where the “requirement” for baptism given
by Philip to the Ethiopian eunuch was that he understood and believed the Gospel. An infant cannot
meet this requirement.
The Baptismal formula.
The “baptismal formula” used by the majority of Christian denominations is “In nomine Patris et Filii et
Spiritus Sancti” (from the Latin Vulgate).
The words of Jesus found in Matthew 28:19, “…baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the
Son and of the Holy Spirit.”
IX. The Lord’s Supper
The New Testament makes the Lord’s Supper a central part of the corporate worship of the Church.
The book of Acts records this event (Acts 2).
The Passover meal Jesus shared with His disciples emphasizes the importance of this sacrament.
Jesus changes the classical wording of the Passover rite when He makes reference to the bread being
His “body” and the wine His “blood”.
This announcement of the New Covenant marks an important point in redemptive history: the
beginning of the New Covenant and the end of the Old. Christ’s death becomes central to the Christian
faith from this point on.
But theological controversy has come from this event in the Upper Room. A major point of division for
Christians around the world is the exact nature of the Lord’s Supper, both its essence and form.
14. The Protestant Reformation marked a separation from the Catholic errors concerning the sacraments,
but even among themselves, the Protestants could not agree on the mode or manner of the presence of
Christ in the sacraments.
Luther retreated to the words of institution: Hoc est corpus meum—“This is My body.”
Priests did the Mass in Latin, which was unknown to the people. They were ridiculed by the common
man, who said things like, “Look at the priest and all his ‘hocus pocus’!” This portion of the Mass is
where that phrase originates.
The major views of the Lord’s Supper are claimed by the Roman Catholics, the Lutherans, the
Anabaptists, and the Calvinists.
The Roman Catholic view is that the bread and wine literally become the body and blood of Jesus.
The doctrine of “transubstantiation” was developed to answer these objections.
The philosopher Aristotle said that all objects are made up of substance and accidens (appearance).
The raw matter and the appearance to the senses of a given object were separated in his system.
So in the miracle of the Mass, the substance (inner core, essence) of the bread and wine change. The
accidens, or appearance, does not. This was a double miracle—not only did the substance change, but
the accidens did not follow that change. Supernaturally, the accidens is sustained even though the
substance changes.
Objection: Luther said this is more miraculous than necessary. Jesus can be physically present without
the bread and wine being changed. Jesus is added to the bread and wine; thus we call this view
“consubstantiation”. The “con” means “with.”
Calvin objected to all of these views; he was concerned that a physical body (which Jesus has) can be
in only one place at a time, and Jesus says His is in heaven. Thus, Jesus’ body (which is clearly said to be
present in some way by Rome and Luther) can’t be present in the sacraments in any form. But the divine
nature of Jesus can be everywhere at once. The divine nature of Christ is therefore present at the Lord’s
Supper. He is really there, but spiritually, not physically.
The Anabaptists view the Lord’s Supper merely as a memorial. There is no miracle and no grace is
communicated; we only perform a holy duty as instructed by our Lord.
The time factors of the past, present, and future relate to the Lord’s Supper.
15. The Lord’s Supper focuses us on the past, as the Anabaptists emphasize.
It also focuses us on the present meeting we have with Jesus as we partake of the bread and wine, as
taught by the other three positions in some way.
It also focuses us on our future, on the time when we will sit with Jesus and all the saints and happily
partake of His holy food in heaven.