Christianity is considered the largest religion in the world. It centers around the life, teachings, death and resurrection of Jesus Christ. The document discusses the Holy Trinity, common Christian symbols like the cross and fish, the historical background of Christianity developing in Palestine around 100 CE, and the three major Christian sects - Roman Catholic, Greek Orthodox, and Protestant. It also outlines the hierarchy in the Catholic church from the Pope down to deacons, key beliefs like the deity/God and sacred scriptures, the seven sacraments, selected issues like ecumenism and sexuality, and more.

1. CHRISTIANITY
Lesson IV

2. Christianity
Christianity is considered
the most popular religion in
the world with
the most number of
adherents among all
religions.

3. It centers on the life, teachings, death,
and resurrection of Jesus Christ

4. Jesus Christ
Born in Bethlehem
The Messiah
About 6 to 4BC
Son of Joseph the
Carpenter and Virgin Mary

5. Holy Trinity
The Christian doctrine of
the Trinity holds that God is
one God, and exists in the
form of three coeternal and
consubstantial persons: the
Father, the Son, and the
Holy Spirit. The three
persons are distinct, yet are
one "substance, essence or
nature". In this context, a
"nature" is what one is,
whereas a "person" is who
one is.

6. For some Christians, the concept of the Holy Trinity
is not easy to understand. Although it is central to
most Christian denominations, some Christian
churches rejected it, such as The Church of the
Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Jehova’s
Witnesses, Christian Scientists, Unitarians, the
Unification Church, the Christadelphians, and
Oneness Pentecostals, among others.

8. Common Symbols Associated with
Christianity

9. The Cross
The cross serves as a
symbol of Jesus
Christ’s victory over
sins when He died
on the cross for
humanity’s
redemption and
salvation.

10. The Fish
The fish symbol is as old as
Christianity itself, for it was
used by persecuted
Christians as a secret sign
when meeting other
Christians. Because
Christians were threatened
by the Romans during the
time, they had to make a
secret code to avoid
persecution.

11. HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND
Develop in Palestine around
100 C.E
Founded by Jesus Son of
God or Messiah or Savior

12. Three Major Christian Sects
Roman Catholic Greek Orthodox Christianity Protestant

13. Roman Catholic
◦The word Catholic (katholikos from katholou -
meaning 'throughout the whole, universal') occurs
in the Greek classics, e.g., in Aristotle and
Polybius, and was freely used by the earlier
Christian writers.

14. Greek Orthodox Christians
◦The Greek Orthodox Church (Greek:
Ἑλληνορθόδοξη Ἐκκλησία, Ellinorthódoxi Ekklisía,
IPA: [elinorˈθoðoksi ekliˈsia]), or Greek Orthodoxy,
is the body of several churches within the larger
communion of Eastern Orthodox Christianity
whose liturgy is or was traditionally conducted in
Koine Greek.

15. The history, traditions, and theology of Greek
Orthodox Christianity are rooted in the early
Church Fathers and the culture of the
Byzantine Empire, which was heavily Greek.
The church traditionally places great emphasis
and value to monasticism and asceticism, which
are rooted in early Christian practices in the
Near East and Byzantine Anatolia.

16. Protestant
Protestantism is a form of Christianity that
originated with the 16th-century Reformation,
a movement against what its followers
perceived to be errors in the Catholic Church

17. Protestants originating in the Reformation reject
the Roman Catholic doctrine of papal
supremacy, but disagree among themselves
regarding the number of sacraments, the real
presence of Christ in the Eucharist, and matters
of ecclesiastical polity and apostolic succession

18. HIERARCHY OF
CATHOLICS

19. Catholic
Hierarchy
Based on Greek Canon Law.
Each member of the
hierarchy has his own
function for the efficiency of
the church
Pope
Bishop Priest Deacon
Cardinals

20. The POPE
Head of the Catholic
Church.
Head of State of Vatican.
Inheritor of St. Peter.
Responsible for the general
supervision of the church.
He also has the authority to
appoint administrative and
religious officials in the
Vatican

21. Cardinals
Appointed by the Pope.
It represent the Pope and
the Roman Catholic Church
in different parts of the
world.
Act as advisers to the Pope
and elect a new pope
as the need arises

22. Bishops
Teachers of the doctrine,
priests of sacred worship,
and ministers of church
government.
They provide pastoral
supervision for a diocese
and serve as representatives
of the Church.

23. Priest
Ordained ministers
responsible for the
administering of the
sacraments, such as the
Eucharist, Marriage,
Baptism, and Confirmation.

24. Deacon
At the bottom of the
hierarchy are the deacons,
who are classified into two
types: the transitional
deacon is a seminarian who
is studying for the
priesthood and the other
one is a permanent deacon,
who can get married and
serve as a priest’s assistant
in administering some of
the sacraments.

25. Deity/God
Omnipotent (all-powerful),
Omniscient (all-knowing),
Omnipresent (all-present),
and Omnibenevolent (all-
good).
God is also sacred, moral,
unchangeable,
compassionate, graceful,
and timeless.

26. Sacred
Scriptures
The Bible is considered the
sacred scripture of
Christianity. It is a collection
of songs, stories, poetry,
letters, history, as well as
literature. It is composed
of two books, the Old
Testament and the New
Testament. The Old
Testament is considered the
original Hebrew Bible, written
between 1200 and 165
B.C.E. The New Testament
was written by Christians
around 100 C.E.

27. The New Testament
The New Testament is composed of 27 books written around 50 to 100 C.E.
and is composed of two sections: The Gospels which tell the story of Jesus
(Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John); and the Letters (or Epistles), written by
various Christian leaders to serve as guide to the early Christian communities.
They were written to tell the life and teachings of Jesus. The Acts of
Apostles and Luke tell how Christianity developed from a small group of
Jewish believers to becoming one of the world’s major religions. Revelation is
the last book of the New Testament, traditionally attributed to the apostle
John, which is considered an epistle and an apocalypse.

28. Ten Commandments
1.You shall have no other gods but me.
2.You shall not make or worship any idols.
3.You shall not misuse the name of the Lord your God.
4.You shall remember and keep the Sabbath day holy.
5.Respect your father and mother.
6.You must not murder.
7.You must not take someone else's husband or wife
8.You must not steal.
9.You must not lie.
10.You must not be envious

29. SEVEN
SACRAMENTS

30. The Catholic
Church has seven
sacraments which
are considered
signs of inner
kindness given by
God for Christians
to live a genuine
human life
Baptism
Confirmation
Holy
Communion
Confession
Matrimony
Holy Order
Anointing of
the Sick

31. The first three sacraments are Baptism,
Confirmation, and Holy Communion,
which are considered the sacraments of
initiation.

32. Baptism/
Binyag
Baptism is meant to
remove the guilt and
effects of Original Sin
and welcome the
baptized to the
Church.

33. Confirmation/
Kumpil
Confirmation, which
should be administered
right after Baptism, is meant
to complete Baptism and
bring the baptized the
graces of the Holy Spirit that
were given the Apostles
on Pentecost Sunday.

34. Holy
Communion
Holy Communion entails
the reception of Christ’s
body
and blood which helps
Christians grow in the
likeness of Jesus Christ.

35. Confession
Confession is considered
the fourth sacrament, which
is meant to reconcile
Christians with God by
confessing their sins.

36. Marriage
The Sacrament of Marriage
comes next, with the union
of a man and a woman for
the purpose of procreation
and mutual support. It also
reflects the union of Jesus
Christ with His Church

37. Holy Orders
The Sacrament of Holy
Orders is considered the
continuation of Christ’s
priesthood which He passed
on to His apostles.

38. Anointing of
the Sick
last sacrament is the
Anointing of the Sick, also
known as Extreme Unction
or Last Rites, which is
administered to those who
are on the verge of death or
are seriously ill, or about to
undergo a serious
operation, for physical and
moral strength.

39. SELECTED ISSUES

40. Ecumenism
Ecumenism refers to the effort of the Catholic
Church to sponsor activities
and initiatives to promote mutual
understanding and unity among all Christians.
Ecumenism can also be described as the
promotion of worldwide Christian unity

41. Christ the Lord founded one Church and one Church only.
However, many Christian communions present themselves
to men as the true inheritors of Jesus Christ; all indeed
profess to be followers of the Lord but differ in mind and
go their different ways, as if Christ Himself were divided.

42. Sexuality
◦ Christianity advocates that the goal of sexual union between men and women is
procreation, thus anything that might hinder this is considered immoral.
◦ Another issue with regard to sexuality is that of homosexuality. It refers to attraction
to members of the same sex. The Catholic Church states that homosexual
orientation itself is not a sin, it is nevertheless a tendency towards the "moral evil" of
homosexual sexual activity.
◦ While the Church condemns homosexual acts (sexual activity), being homosexual
(orientation) is not wrong or sinful in itself. It also states that homosexual persons
must be accepted with respect, compassion, and sensitivity.