This evidence based presentation detail out the aquaculture engineering aspects with practical approach and evidences.

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Fish Pond Construction
-My Experiences
Dr Shivakaumar Magada
Professor and Head
Fisheries Research and Information Centre
Hebbal, Bangalore, India
shivakumarmagada@gmail.com
+91-99457 83906

2. KVAFSU Conditions apply..are

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Tribute to departed souls

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Pond construction
§ Soil types
§ Site selection
§ Pond constructions
§ Bund strengthening
§ Sedimentation tank
§ ETT (if necessary)
§ Lining if required
§ Economics

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Top Fertile clayey soil
Middle Sandy loam.
Bottom
Deposition of Na+
salts
Soil Profile..

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Wet lands

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Calcareous soils

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Ferrous soils

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Sandy and saline soils

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Red soils

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Black soils

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False Negative

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False positive

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17. KVAFSU Saline seep area

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Site selection
• Good water source/ ¤Ãj£À ¸Ë®¨sÀå
• Water retention/ ¤ÃgÀÄ ¤®ÄèªÀ ¸ÁªÀÄxÀðå
• Road and electricity/ gÀ¸ÉÛ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ
«zÀÄå±ÀÑQÛ
• Soil and water quality/ ªÀÄtÄÚ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¤Ãj£À
UÀÄtzÀªÀÄð

19. KVAFSU Trench Method

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Investment on problem

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Challenge turned opportunity

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Pond Morphology
• Preferably rectangle
• Pond slope should be
gradual
• Have a survival pit at the
draining point
• The surface area of grow
out ponds should ideally
range from one to five
acres.

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Desert Springs Tilapia, Hyder AZ

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Mechanical Weed Harvester

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Drainage Systems

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Plastic lining tanks
§ For fish seed rearing/«ÄãÀĪÀÄj ¥Á®£É
§ Stunted fingerlings/PÀÄAnvÀ «ÄãÀĪÀÄj
¥Á®£É
§ Ornamental fish rearing/C®APÁjPÀ «ÄãÀÄ
GvÁàzÀ£É
§ Azolla culture/CeóÉÆïÁ GvÁàzÀ£É

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Bund strengthening using sand bags

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Bund breaching

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Burn for deeper and loose soils

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Bund strengthening

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Cage Farming

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Ca(t)ge Walk

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Cage culture

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Two tier

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Two tier systems

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90..60…30..?

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Coves..

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Peripheral Tanks

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Pond preparation
• Compaction
• Turfing/stone pitching
• Liming…/¸ÀÄtÚ ºÁPÀĪÀÅzÀÄ
• Tilling/G¼ÀĪÉÄ ªÀiÁqÀĪÀÅzÀÄ
• Water filling/¤ÃgÀÄ vÀÄA§ÄªÀÅzÀÄ
• Check for water loss (seepage and evaporation)

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Uses of lime..
• Acts as buffer
• Supplies calcium
• Disinfectant
• Clears water
• Accelerate
decomposition

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Ideal water quality
• pH 7.2-8.5
• Salinity 27-32 ppt
• DO > 5 mg/l
• H2S 0.1-0.2
• Temp. 25-30 degree celcius

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Secchi Disc-A wonder tool
• Transparency should be around 20-30 cm

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Water quality test

65. KVAFSU IT based farm management

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Demand Feeders

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How we produce the fish?

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Aerators/UÁ½AiÀÄAvÀæ

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70. KVAFSU Economics of IMC farming
Particulars Qty. required for 1 ha Unit cost (Rs.) Total Cost (Rs.)
Fixed cost
Pond construction 10000 m2 12/m2 80,000-1,20,000
Pipelines and sluice gates 2/m2 20,000
Total 1,40,000
Operational Cost
Deweeding, bund compaction 25 man days 200/person 5,000
Lime 200 kg/ha 5/kg 1,000
Fish seed (Catla+rohu+CC and GC in
4:2:2:1 ratio)
Stocking @ 1/m2 = 50 lakh 0.5/seed 5,000
Feed (Rice bran and ground nut cake in
1:1 ratio)
1000 kg Ground Nut Cake &
1000 kg Rice Bran
42/kg GNC & 20/kg
for RB
62,000
Commercial feed with 24/4 2000 kg 25/kg 50,000*
Raw cow dung 8 t/ha in 16 split doses 1/kg 8,000
Harvesting expanses 12 man days 250/person 3,000
Transportation of inputs 5,000
Feeding, Watch and ward, Miscellaneous 25,000
Total 1,02,000
Production by culture system Production kg/ha Unit cost (Rs.) Gross Revenue (Rs.)
Commercial feed based 3500 60 2,10,000
Conventional feed based 2500 60 1,50,000
Extensive method (no feed, watch and
ward) Exp.=47,000
1200 60 72,000
Profit by culture system Net Returns (Rs.) BC Ratio RoI
Commercial feed based 1,08,000 1.05 I year 0.86
II year 2.05
Conventional feed based 48,000 0.47 I year 0.61
II year 1.47
Extensive method 25,000 0.53 I year 0.29
II year 1.53

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Fish Farm

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Jumping Money..

73. KVAFSU Economics of fish seed rearing
Particulars Qty. required for 1 ha Unit cost (Rs.) Total Cost (Rs.)
Fixed cost
Pond construction 10000 m2 12/m2 80,000-1,20,000
Pipelines and sluice gates 2/m2
20,000
Total 1,40,000
Operational Cost
Deweeding, bund compaction 25 man days 200/person 5,000
Lime 200 kg/ha 5/kg 1,000
Fish spawn (Catla/rohu/CC/grass carp Stocking @ 500/m2 = 50 lakh 1000/lakh 50,000
Feed (RB and GNC in 1:1 ratio) 1875 kg Ground Nut Cake &
1500 kg Rice Bran
42/kg GNC & 20/kg
for RB
1,08,750
Labour for feeding other maintenance 50 man days 150/day 7500
Raw cow dung 4 t/ha in 4 split doses 1/kg 4,000
Harvesting expanses 12 man days 250/person 3,000
Transportation of inputs 15,000
Watch and ward, Miscellaneous 10,000
Total 2,04,250
Production/ha (In 50 days) Production Unit cost (Rs.) Gross Revenue (Rs.)
Catla @ 30% survival 15,00,000 0.35 5,25,000
Rohu @ 40% survival 20,00,000 0.40 8,00,000
Common Carp @ 50% survival 25,00,000 0.25 6,25,000
Grass carp @ 30% survival 15,00,000 0.60 9,00,000
Profit by Species Net Returns (Rs.) BC Ratio Return on Investment
Catla 3,20,750 1.59 1.52
Rohu 5,95,750 2.91 2.32
Common Carp 4,20,750 2.05 1.81
Grass Carp 6,95,750 3.40 2.61

74. KVAFSU Jumbo hapas for seed rearing
§ 30-40/m2; preferably single spp.
§ 40-50 day rearing
§ GNC and RB (0.5-0.75 kg/lakh)
§ Net cleaning

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Seed selling by weight basis

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Seed Transport/ªÀÄj ¸ÁUÀuÉ

77. KVAFSU Risk factors
§ Pond construction without soil test
§ Shallowness
§ improper drainage
§ Filling without drying
§ Thin bunds
§ No compaction bunds
§ Other mismanagement

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Costly mistakes

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Costly mistakes…?

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Bund Strengthening

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High level mistakes

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Protective factors
§ Pond drying
§ Liming
§ Good water source
§ Right stocking
§ Planning of activities
§ Record keeping
§ Understanding economics

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Protective factors
• Stocking good sized fingerlings
• Low stocking
• Culture during summer
• Use of warm water
• Use of aerators
• Proper drying of pond bottom
• Good buffer zone
• Disinfection practice

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Harvesting/PÉÆAiÀÄÄè

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Creativity is not...

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Vision Values Strategy Resource Capability Motivation Feed Back = Change
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Confusion
Corruption
Diffusion
Frustration
Fatigue
Crawl
Doubt
Managing Change....

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You can see the past…

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Normal is boring..do something different

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