Introduction to First order, zero order Presented by Alsadig Omer Department of Pharmaceutics

1. Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721
First Order and Zero Order Plot for
Tablet Dissolution
A Seminar as a part of curricular requirement for
Master of Pharmacy,
I Year - I semester
Presented by
Alsadig Omer
(20L81S0309)
Dept of. Pharmaceutics
Under the guidance/Mentorship of
Dr. CH. Pavan Kumar M. Pharm., PhD
Associate Professor & Head,
Department of Pharmaceutics

2. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721
Contents:
2
 Introduction
First order
zero order
Conclusion
References

3. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721
Introduction
3
What are first and second order reactions?
A first-order reaction rate depends on the concentration of one of the
reactants. A second-order reaction rate is proportional to the square of the
concentration of a reactant or the product of the concentration of two
reactants.
Also
it can be defined as that first order process in which the rate is directly
proportional to the concentration of drug undergoing reaction i.e., greater
the concentration faster the reaction.

4. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 4
First order
In this sense, first-order release kinetics states that change in concentration
with respect to change on time is dependent only on concentration(5.6) d C
d t = − K C where C is the concentration of drug in the drug molecule and
k is the first-order release constant.

5. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 5
It can b defined as that first order process is the one whose rate is directly
proportional to the concentration of drug under going reaction
An order of chemical reaction in which the rate of the reaction depends on
the concentration of only one reactant, and is proportional to the amount of
the reactant. It may be represented by the equation, rate = kA, where k is
the reaction rate constant, and A is the concentration of the reactant.
Examples of first order reaction
Hydrolysis of anticancer drugs cisplatin
Definition

6. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721
• first-order reaction: A reaction that depends on the concentration
of only one reactant (a unimolecular reaction). Other reactants can be
present, but each will be zero-order.
• What is the first order rate law
• The integrated rate law for the first-order reaction A → products is
ln[A]_t = -kt + ln[A]_0. ... The rate constant for the reaction can be
determined from the slope of the line, which is equal to -k.
6

7. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721
• What is a first order process
• A first-order process is one whose dynamics can be represented by
a first-order differential equation, i.e. Linear first-order differential
equations can be solved by a number of methods .
7

8. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721
Zero order
• What is zero order reaction with example.
• Zero-order reaction is a chemical reaction wherein the rate does not
vary with the increase or decrease in the concentration of the
reactants.
• it can be defined as that first order process in which the rate is
directly proportional to the concentration of drug undergoing
reaction i.e., greater the concentration faster the reaction.
8

9. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721
• How we get a zero-order drug release.
• Zero-order release can be achieved, in principle, by surrounding the
tablet core with a polymer membrane that is permeable to
both drug and water. When the core becomes hydrated in the
gastrointestinal tract, the drug will dissolve until it reaches its
saturation.
• How many types of drug release.
• Three types of controlled-release medications include pulse-release,
extended-release and delayed-release drugs.
9

10. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721
• Examples of first order reaction
• The hydrolysis of aspirin and the reaction of t-butyl bromide with
water to give t-butanol. Another reaction that exhibits apparent first-
order kinetics is the hydrolysis of the anticancer drug cisplatin
• What is the difference between zero order and first order
• First order kinetics occur when a constant proportion of the drug is
eliminated per unit time. Zero order: a constant amount of drug is
eliminated per unit time
10

11. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721
Conclusion
• Objective. Use graphs of zero-order rate equations to obtain the rate
constant and the initial concentration data ... half of the reactant(s) to
be depleted, which is the same as the half-life involved in nuclear
decay, a first-order reaction.
11

12. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721
Reference
• Ninama U., Pal J., Chaudhary, S., Bhimani, B., and Dalsaniya,
D. 2015. Int. J. Pharm. Res. Bio Sci. 4 (2) 98-114
• Siepmann J, Siepmann F. 2013. Int. J. Pharm. 453 12-24
• Jafari M, Kaffashi B. 2016. Nanomed Res J. 1 (2) 90-96
• Shaikh HK, Kshirsagar R V, Patil SG. 2015. World J. Pharm.
Pharmaceu. 4, 04 324-338
12

13. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721
Thank You
13