A survey found that male bonuses were more than double those of women, with men earning an average of £6,400 compared to £3,000 for women. In senior roles, male directors received £63,700 on average versus £36,000 for females. This bonus gap is attributed to women being less adept at negotiating pay rises, leaving the workforce to have children and returning with less confidence, and facing a male-dominated culture at the top. While legal action can be taken for pay discrimination, the process is lengthy and employees may be reluctant to sue due to potential career impacts. The report comes as increasing female representation, especially in boardrooms and leadership, is an ongoing challenge.

1. KEY AND TRANSCRIPT FOR “FIRST JOB” LISTENING ACTIVITY
1H 2A 3G 4D 5B 6 C
Extract 1 Betty White
Well, my first job was actually I was doing a, a, a guest shot
on a talk show on television. It is when television first
started. It was in New York. But when it first started in Los
Angeles, I got a guest shot. And we did a little interview.
And it taught me that whatever else I did for the rest of my
life, I wanted to stay in that business. And I have. I am 90
and I am still in that business and loving it.
Extract 2 Darienne Page
My first job was at the Sports Authority in Laurel, Maryland,
and I was a cashier for a year or so. And there I had the
opportunity to work with my brother and I learned a lot
about managing money and dealing with different
personalities. And I really gained an appreciation for all
types of sports. And for me it was really interesting,
because I really learned to love fishing and camping. So
now it has become one of my interests just because it is
something that I picked up while I was there.
Extract 3 Hilda Solis
My very first job was as a recreational aid at my community
center back home in Los Angeles County. I remember
leading student activities and even delivering free lunches
for kids in poor neighborhoods. I also worked in the school
library; stacking and cataloging books, and helping my
classmates select which ones to read. I remember feeling
very important. Looking back, those were really my first
steps in public service.

2. Extract 4 Julie Rodriguez
My first job was actually when I was 13 years old, and it
was, I was technically a volunteer but I did get a pay check
of five dollars a week that made me really proud and just
gave me a sense of kind of responsibility at a good age. I
worked with my cousin. And we were actually responsible
for answering phone calls for people that were interested in
more information about the impact that pesticides was
having on farm workers and farm worker children.And so
we would send them out a little information video and for
me it was again the sense of responsibility, but also I think I
got a little excited and felt like I was in charge. And would
try to boss my cousin around all of the time which she didn't
really like since we were the same age, but she was much
taller than me. And so everyone thought that she was
obviously older than I was.
Extract 5 Rosye Cloud
My first job was actually in my freshman year of high
school. I started working in a doctor's office on weekends
managing weekend patient flow. And I remember it perfectly
because I remember it taught me how to be organized,
make sure things ran on time, make sure records were
maintained. It also really taught me a lot about how to deal
with people -- people that were in pain, people that were
nervous and suffering, and it gave me an appreciation of
how important that first contact was. And so, I remember
that that was a very important experience for me. And it's
something that I've remembered since then. It also taught
me how to manage strong egos --doctors have very strong
personalities and are definitely out to make sure they take
care of the patients, so wanting to manage and understand
their needs and working together in a collaborative space
that sometimes could be very stressful. So I remember that
very, very well.

3. Extract 6 Cris Comerford
My very first job, you might want to know, is that, you know,
back in Chicago, when my family moved here from Manila
in 1983, my first job was a salad bar girl. And at that time
when I was working it wasn't one of those glamorous job or
anything that, you know, you might really aspire for, but
being a culinary laureate now and looking black I've learn
so many things from that very first job.I've learned how to
organize myself. I've learned how to work with other people
and I've learned to really love what I do. So even though
like you know at the time being it might not seem very
important, every job is important.You know, like as a chef
right now I rely on this salad bar girl, really take care of my
needs, take care of everything that I need to have to ensure
that, you know, an event that I have or a menu that I have
worked very nicely. So you know, looking back it was a very
great experience for me.
KEY AND TRANSCRIPT FOR “MALE BONUSES
DOUBLE THOSE OF WOMEN”
1. Men earned more tan six thousand four hundred
pounds while women earned three thousand
2. Women are less adept when negotiating for pay
rises. Women leave the workforce to have children
and often return with less confidence than they need.
it’s a very male-dominated culture, that can put women
off.
3. Because it can take a long time for a hearing and
they have fear about the impact on the market
4. Ir refers to the percentage of women who are
directors in companies
5. It refers to the amount ofcompanies who have
female chief executives

4. 6. Ending the agenda pay gap and ensuring equality in
the workplace
The gender pay gap has been highlighted and condemned
before now. Men in the same sort of jobs as women being
paid more. Today we learnt that’s been made worse by the
gulf between bonuses paid out to executives. A survey by
the Chartered Management Institute shows that men
earned average bonuses of more than £6,400 last year
compared with just over 3,000 for women. In the most
senior roles, male directors got bonuses of £63,700 on
average whereas their female counterparts received just
over 36,000. The group says there are several factors
behind this. Women are perhaps less adept than their male
counterparts at negotiating for pay rises in bonuses. The
second is, of course, that women leave the workforce to
have children and often return with less confidence than
they need. And lastly at the top it’s a very male-dominated
culture, that can put women off. If there’s discrimination
over pay, women can take legal action, but experts say
that’s not always straightforward. It can take many months if
not year to get a full hearing. A tiny proportion of claims get
to a full hearing. And inevitably I think some employees may
be reticent about bringing claims because of the impact it
may have on them in the market. Today’s report comes at a
time of intense debate about how to increase female
representation at senior levels across the business world.
Of the top one hundred companies just 17% of directors are
women. Although that’s upped over the last year, there’s
widespread recognition that more needs to be done to
boost that number. Just three of the top one hundred have
female chief executives, and business organizations
acknowledge that while progress is being made, there’s still
a long way to go on boardroom diversity. The honest truth is
that we need to do a lot more and we need to do… we need

5. to move faster, so we need to look at the pipeline, how can
we stop women from leaving businesses, perhaps when
they have children, and we also need to look at other
schemes like mentoring schemes and networking schemes
that encourage women to stay in the workplace and get
women networking with other women in a similar position.
Ending the agenda pay gap and ensuring equality in the
workplace remains a major challenge for employers and the
government