This document outlines the key elements of establishing a workplace first aid program according to OSHA regulations. It discusses defining first aid and the roles of first aiders. The four essential program elements are identified as management leadership, worksite analysis, hazard prevention and control, and safety training. Basic program requirements around assessing risks, complying with OSHA, and stocking appropriate first aid supplies are also covered. Employer responsibilities in training first aiders, documenting the program, and evaluating it are summarized. Common workplace injuries and their costs are briefly mentioned.
The healthcare environment is made up of perhaps the most unusual combination of electronic loads found in any facility. Healthcare facilities not only rely upon commercial loads (such as computers, servers, and lighting system) and industrial loads (such as food preparation equipment, laundry equipment, medical gas systems, but also rely on electronic medical loads (that is, medical equipment to operate the facility and provide patient care services.
As in other facilities, when an electrical disturbance such as a voltage sag, voltage transient, or voltage swell reaches the service entrance of the healthcare facility or medical location, computers in the accounting department may shut down, and motor starters and contactors providing power to the air-conditioning and ventilation system may change the environment within the facility. Unlike other places, however, a patient’s life could be threatened when an aortic balloon pump trips off-line during a cardiovascular surgery. The costs associated with downtime can be staggering, but no bounded cost can be placed on the irreversible result of loosing a patient.
Building, electrical, and healthcare codes in the United States require that hospitals and other medical clinics have emergency power ready to activate upon the detection of a power quality problem and assume the load within 10 seconds of the detection. However, even though a generator may be used at a healthcare facility or medical location, it cannot be on-line to support critical medical equipment with an activated transfer switch in less than about 2 to 3 seconds at best. This duration of time might as well be forever in terms of the ability of electronic medical equipment to continue operating. In fact, an undervoltage as short as ¼ of a cycle (about 4 milliseconds) is often sufficient to confuse sensitive electronic devices.
This PQ TechWatch will introduce the typical problems found in healthcare facilities, enlighten the reader on some new issues, and provide practical guidelines for avoiding those problems.
safety Construction Safety-Quiz 1 According to OSHA, what must man.pdfhardjasonoco14599
safety Construction Safety-Quiz 1 According to OSHA, what must management provide for their
workers/employees? When and for what reason does OSHA require an employer to provide a
certified first aid responder on a construction site 1926 as compared to 1910? are moving signs,
provided by workers, such as flaggers, or devices, such as flashing lights, to warn of possible
existing hazards. ASHA are the warnings of hazard, temporarily or permanently affixed or
placed, at a person approved or assigned by the employer to perform a specific type of one who,
by possession of a recognized degree, certificate, or professional locations where hazards exist.
duty or to be at a specific location at a jobsite. standing......has successfully demonstrated his/her
ability to solve problems relating to the Name the four parts of a Safety and Health program:
Name to three type of citations OSHA issues to standards?Alashi What does the OSHA standard
5a1 cover or réter to Sape s that are non-compliant with OSHA harka to companies that fail to
comply with their standards. 18. OSHA issues 2 Discuss Direct and Indirect Costs involving an
employee injury/accident . What are the 4 elements of OSHA\'s Focus Four policy and discuss
what companies are required to have in place in order to qualify for a Focus 4 inspection as
compared to a comprehensive (wall to wall) project inspection. asing mo
Solution
Answer1. Under the OSHA law, employers have a responsibility to provide a safe workplace.
Provide a workplace free from serious recognized hazards and comply with standards, rules and
regulations issued under the OSHA Act.
Examine workplace conditions to make sure they conform to applicable OSHA standards.
Make sure employees have and use safe tools and equipment and properly maintain this
equipment.
Provide medical examinations and training when required by OSHA standards and many other
OSHA standards.
Answer2. OSHA\'s standard for first aid training at Construction site
In the absence of an infirmary, clinic, or hospital in near proximity to the workplace which is
used for the treatment of all injured employees, a person or persons shall be adequately trained to
render first aid. Adequate first aid supplies shall be readily available.
The primary requirement addressed by these standards is that an employer must ensure prompt
first aid treatment for injured employees, either by providing for the availability of a trained first
aid provider at the worksite, or by ensuring that emergency treatment services are within
reasonable proximity of the worksite.
Answer3. The OSHA standards are divided into four major categories based on the type of work
being performed:agriculture(1928), construction (Part 1926), general industry (Part 1910) and
maritime (Part 1918).
The construction standard states that fall protection is required when an employee is working on
a walking/working surface (horizontal and vertical surface) with an unprotected side or edge
which is six feet or more a.
The healthcare environment is made up of perhaps the most unusual combination of electronic loads found in any facility. Healthcare facilities not only rely upon commercial loads (such as computers, servers, and lighting system) and industrial loads (such as food preparation equipment, laundry equipment, medical gas systems, but also rely on electronic medical loads (that is, medical equipment to operate the facility and provide patient care services.
As in other facilities, when an electrical disturbance such as a voltage sag, voltage transient, or voltage swell reaches the service entrance of the healthcare facility or medical location, computers in the accounting department may shut down, and motor starters and contactors providing power to the air-conditioning and ventilation system may change the environment within the facility. Unlike other places, however, a patient’s life could be threatened when an aortic balloon pump trips off-line during a cardiovascular surgery. The costs associated with downtime can be staggering, but no bounded cost can be placed on the irreversible result of loosing a patient.
Building, electrical, and healthcare codes in the United States require that hospitals and other medical clinics have emergency power ready to activate upon the detection of a power quality problem and assume the load within 10 seconds of the detection. However, even though a generator may be used at a healthcare facility or medical location, it cannot be on-line to support critical medical equipment with an activated transfer switch in less than about 2 to 3 seconds at best. This duration of time might as well be forever in terms of the ability of electronic medical equipment to continue operating. In fact, an undervoltage as short as ¼ of a cycle (about 4 milliseconds) is often sufficient to confuse sensitive electronic devices.
This PQ TechWatch will introduce the typical problems found in healthcare facilities, enlighten the reader on some new issues, and provide practical guidelines for avoiding those problems.
safety Construction Safety-Quiz 1 According to OSHA, what must man.pdfhardjasonoco14599
safety Construction Safety-Quiz 1 According to OSHA, what must management provide for their
workers/employees? When and for what reason does OSHA require an employer to provide a
certified first aid responder on a construction site 1926 as compared to 1910? are moving signs,
provided by workers, such as flaggers, or devices, such as flashing lights, to warn of possible
existing hazards. ASHA are the warnings of hazard, temporarily or permanently affixed or
placed, at a person approved or assigned by the employer to perform a specific type of one who,
by possession of a recognized degree, certificate, or professional locations where hazards exist.
duty or to be at a specific location at a jobsite. standing......has successfully demonstrated his/her
ability to solve problems relating to the Name the four parts of a Safety and Health program:
Name to three type of citations OSHA issues to standards?Alashi What does the OSHA standard
5a1 cover or réter to Sape s that are non-compliant with OSHA harka to companies that fail to
comply with their standards. 18. OSHA issues 2 Discuss Direct and Indirect Costs involving an
employee injury/accident . What are the 4 elements of OSHA\'s Focus Four policy and discuss
what companies are required to have in place in order to qualify for a Focus 4 inspection as
compared to a comprehensive (wall to wall) project inspection. asing mo
Solution
Answer1. Under the OSHA law, employers have a responsibility to provide a safe workplace.
Provide a workplace free from serious recognized hazards and comply with standards, rules and
regulations issued under the OSHA Act.
Examine workplace conditions to make sure they conform to applicable OSHA standards.
Make sure employees have and use safe tools and equipment and properly maintain this
equipment.
Provide medical examinations and training when required by OSHA standards and many other
OSHA standards.
Answer2. OSHA\'s standard for first aid training at Construction site
In the absence of an infirmary, clinic, or hospital in near proximity to the workplace which is
used for the treatment of all injured employees, a person or persons shall be adequately trained to
render first aid. Adequate first aid supplies shall be readily available.
The primary requirement addressed by these standards is that an employer must ensure prompt
first aid treatment for injured employees, either by providing for the availability of a trained first
aid provider at the worksite, or by ensuring that emergency treatment services are within
reasonable proximity of the worksite.
Answer3. The OSHA standards are divided into four major categories based on the type of work
being performed:agriculture(1928), construction (Part 1926), general industry (Part 1910) and
maritime (Part 1918).
The construction standard states that fall protection is required when an employee is working on
a walking/working surface (horizontal and vertical surface) with an unprotected side or edge
which is six feet or more a.
OSHA requires use of PPE & FR Clothing to reduce the risk of the burn and minimize the employee’s exposure to arc flash hazards. PPE refers to helmet, goggles, gloves or other clothes that are designed to protect employees from hazards. Click here to know more about the types of PPE & FR Clothing.
PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) kit is a collection of items designed to protect an individual from various hazards and risks in specific environments. The contents of a PPE kit can vary depending on the intended use and the potential dangers involved. PPE kits are commonly used in healthcare settings, industrial workplaces, and in response to emergencies. Here are some common items that might be included in a PPE kit:
This presentation includes the basic knowledge of personal protective equipment with a lot of understandable knowledge and also how to use it properly. I hope all the finders liked it and also remember me in your precious Dua. Thank You!
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
OSHA requires use of PPE & FR Clothing to reduce the risk of the burn and minimize the employee’s exposure to arc flash hazards. PPE refers to helmet, goggles, gloves or other clothes that are designed to protect employees from hazards. Click here to know more about the types of PPE & FR Clothing.
PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) kit is a collection of items designed to protect an individual from various hazards and risks in specific environments. The contents of a PPE kit can vary depending on the intended use and the potential dangers involved. PPE kits are commonly used in healthcare settings, industrial workplaces, and in response to emergencies. Here are some common items that might be included in a PPE kit:
This presentation includes the basic knowledge of personal protective equipment with a lot of understandable knowledge and also how to use it properly. I hope all the finders liked it and also remember me in your precious Dua. Thank You!
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
1. First Aid Awareness
Recognizing first aid needs and
requirements for establishing a
first aid kit per
29 CFR 1910.151 - Subpart K-
Medical and First Aid
1
PPT-149-01
Bureau of Workers’ Compensation
PA Training for Health & Safety
(PATHS)
2. First Aid Defined
First aid: emergency care provided for
injury or sudden illness before
emergency medical treatment is
available.
The First-Aider: one trained in the
delivery of initial medical emergency
procedures, using a limited amount of
equipment to perform a primary
assessment and intervention while
awaiting arrival of emergency medical
service (EMS) personnel.
2
PPT-149-01
3. Workplace First Aid Program
Four essential program
elements:
Management Leadership
and Employee
involvement
Worksite Analysis
Hazard Prevention and
Control
Safety and Health
Training
3
PPT-149-01
4. Basic Program Elements
Identifying/assessing injury risks
Designing/implementing a first-aid program
that:
o Aims to minimize the outcome of
accidents or exposures
o Complies with OSHA requirements
relating to first aid
o Sufficient/appropriate quantities of
supplies and first-aid equipment, i.e.
bandages and automated external
defibrillators
4
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5. Employer Responsibilities
Those assigned are trained as first-aid
providers:
With training suitable to the specific
workplace
Periodic refresher courses
Instruct all workers about the
first-aid program and actions
for ill or injured coworkers
Put policies and program in writing
Schedule evaluation and changing of
program
Keep program current
5
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6. The Risks
On average, there are 23,000 on-
the-job injuries in the United
States daily.
This amounts to 8.5 million injuries
per year and a huge cost to
workers, their families, and our
economy, approximately $192
billion. Workers deal with more
than just injuries. Hundreds of
thousands of them develop
illnesses on the job, costing $58
billion a year.
6
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8. Other Workplace Events
Electrocution
Exposure to low oxygen environments can lead
to sudden cardiac arrest (SCA)
Exposure to chemicals
Overexertion at work can also trigger SCA in
those with underlying heart disease
Temperature extremes
Prompt, proper first aid may mean
the difference between rapid or
prolonged recovery, temporary
or permanent disability, and even
life or death
8
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9. Assessing Risks
Designing a First-Aid Program Specific for the
Worksite
Evaluate injuries, illnesses and fatalities at a
worksite are essential first steps in planning
a first-aid program.
Use OSHA 300 log,
OSHA 301 forms,
Workers’ Compensation insurance carrier reports
National data for injuries, illnesses and fatalities
may be obtained from the Bureau of Labor
Statistics (BLS) website at www.bls.gov/iif.
9
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10. 1910.151-Medical/First Aid
The employer shall ensure the ready availability
of medical personnel for advice and consultation
on matters of plant health.
In the absence of an infirmary, clinic, or hospital
in near proximity to the workplace which is used
for the treatment of all injured employees, a
person or persons shall be adequately trained to
render first aid. Adequate first aid supplies shall
be readily available.
10
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11. 1910.151-Medical/First Aid
Where the eyes or body of any person may be
exposed to injurious corrosive materials, suitable
facilities for quick drenching or flushing of the
eyes and body shall be provided within the work
area for immediate emergency use.
11
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12. Appendix A to 1910.151
First aid kits (Non-Mandatory)
First aid supplies are required to be readily
available under paragraph §1910.151(b). An
example of the minimal contents:
Generic first aid kit is described in American
National Standard (ANSI) Z308.1-1998 “Minimum
Requirements for Workplace First-aid Kits.” The
contents of the kit listed in the ANSI standard
should be adequate for small worksites.
12
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13. Appendix A to 1910.151
When larger operations or multiple
operations are being conducted at the same
location, employers should determine the need
for additional first aid kits at the worksite,
additional types of first aid equipment and
supplies and additional quantities and types of
supplies and equipment in the first aid kits.
13
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14. Appendix A to 1910.151
Employers with unique or changing first-aid
needs in their workplace may need to enhance
their first-aid kits.
14
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15. BBP Exposure
If it is reasonably anticipated
that employees will be exposed to
blood or other potentially
infectious materials (OPIM) while
using first aid supplies, employers
are required to provide
appropriate personal protective
equipment (PPE) in compliance
with the provisions of the
Occupational Exposure to Blood
borne Pathogens standard,
§1910.1030(d)(3) (56 FR 64175).
15
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16. Developing a Program
Consult with the local fire and
rescue service or emergency
medical professionals
SCA should be considered when
planning
Get estimates of EMS response
times for all permanent and
temporary locations and for all
times of the day and night when
workers are on duty,
Use information when planning
their first-aid program
16
PPT-149-01
17. Program Policies
In writing
Communicated to all employees, including
those workers who may not read or speak
English
Language barriers should be addressed in
instruction and in your procedures
17
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18. OSHA Requirements
OSHA First Aid Standard (29 CFR 1910.151)
Requires trained first-aid providers at all
workplaces of any size if there is no “infirmary,
clinic, or hospital in near proximity to the
workplace which is used for the treatment of all
injured employees.”
OSHA standards also require training in CPR
where sudden cardiac arrest from asphyxiation,
electrocution, or exertion may occur.
18
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19. Required CPR Training
1910.146 Permit-required Confined
Spaces
1910.266 Appendix B: Logging
Operations – First-Aid and CPR
Training
1910.269 Electric Power
Generation, Transmission, and
Distribution
1910.410 Qualifications of Dive
Team
1926.950 Construction Subpart V,
Power Transmission and Distribution
19
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20. First Aid Supplies
Assign a person to choose types and
amounts of first aid supplies and for
maintaining same.
The supplies must be adequate,
Reflect the kinds of injuries that
occur, and
Must be stored readily available for
emergency use.
Automated external defibrillator
(AED) should be considered when
selecting first-aid supplies and
equipment.
20
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21. Kit Sizes
Small businesses, ANSI Z308.1 - 2003, Minimum
Requirements for Workplace First Aid Kits.
For large operations, determine how many kits
are needed and is other specialty equipment
needed.
Unique or changing needs: consider upgrading
kits.
Consult with the local fire and rescue service or
emergency medical professionals
Assess specific workplace needs
Periodically reassess supply needs and
inventories.
21
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22. Kit Maintenance
Inspect:
At assigned location?
Contents complete and undamaged?
Contents condition.
Non-required items removed from kit?
Contents out-of-date? Replace.
First Aid Manual included?
Sign to call 911?
Establish a periodic inspection schedule.
22
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33. AEDs
Automated External
Defibrillators
(AEDs) treat sudden cardiac
arrest (SCA) caused by
ventricular fibrillation
Using AEDs within 3-4 minutes,
can lead to a 60% survival rate.3
All worksites are potential
candidates for AED programs
Assess an AED program as part
of your first-aid response
33
PPT-149-01
34. AED Program
Physician oversight;
Compliance with local,
state and federal
regulations;
Coordination with local
EMS;
Quality assurance
program;
Periodic program review
34
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35. First Aid Courses
Training is offered by:
American Heart Association
American Red Cross
National Safety Council
Other nationally recognized
and private educational
organizations.
35
PPT-149-01
36. Training Programs
Individualize to workplace needs
Consider unique conditions at a specific
worksite and customize your program
Training Elements Considered
1. Teaching Methods
2. Preparing to Respond to a Health Emergency
3. Assessing the Scene and the Victims
4. Responding to Life-Threatening Emergencies
5. Responding to Non-Life Threatening
Emergencies
36
PPT-149-01
37. 1. Teaching Methods
Curriculum based on a
consensus of scientific
evidence where available;
“Hands-on” skills and
partner practice;
Appropriate supplies and
equipment available;
Stress acute injury and
illness settings as well as
appropriate response by
using visual aids;
37
PPT-149-01
38. 1. Teaching Methods
Course information resource
for reference both during
and after training;
Allow emphasis on
commonly occurring
situations;
Emphasize skills training and
confidence-building over
classroom lectures;
Emphasize quick response to
first-aid situations.
38
PPT-149-01
39. 2. Preparing to Respond
Instruction/discussion in:
Prevention to reducing fatalities, illnesses and
injuries;
Interacting with local EMS;
Current emergency telephone numbers (police,
fire, ambulance, poison control) accessible by
all employees;
Understand legal aspects of providing first-aid
care, including Good Samaritan legislation,
consent, abandonment, negligence, assault and
battery, State laws and regulations;
39
PPT-149-01
40. 2. Preparing to Respond
Understand effects of stress, fear of infection,
panic; how they interfere with performance;
and what to do to overcome these barriers to
action;
Universal precautions and body substance
isolation;
Personal protective equipment (PPE);
Appropriate management and disposal of
blood-contaminated sharps and surfaces; and
OSHA’s Bloodborne Pathogens standard
40
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41. 3. Assessment
Assess scene for safety, number
injured, nature of event;
Assess the toxic potential and
the need for respiratory
protection;
Establish the presence of a
confined space and the need for
respiratory protection and
specialized training to perform a
rescue;
Prioritize care, treat for shock
41
PPT-149-01
42. 3. Assessment
Assess each victim for responsiveness, airway
blockage, breathing, circulation, and medical
alert tags;
Take a victim’s history determining the
mechanism of injury;
Perform a logical head-to-toe check for injuries;
Continuously monitor the victim;
Emphasize early activation of EMS;
Indications for and methods of safely moving
and rescuing victims;
Repositioning ill/injured victims to prevent
further injury.
42
PPT-149-01
43. 4. Life-Threatening Events
Adapt program to specific
worksite:
Establishing responsiveness;
Establishing and maintaining
an open and clear airway;
Performing rescue breathing;
Treating airway obstruction
in a conscious victim;
Performing CPR;
Using an AED;
43
PPT-149-01
44. 4. Life-Threatening Events
Recognizing the signs and
symptoms of shock and
providing first aid for shock
due to illness or injury;
Assessing and treating a
victim who has an
unexplained change in level
of consciousness or sudden
illness;
Controlling bleeding with
direct pressure;
44
PPT-149-01
45. 4. Life-Threatening Events
Poisoning
Ingested poisons: alkali, acid, and systemic
poisons. Role of the Poison Control Center (1-
800-222-1222)
Inhaled poisons: carbon monoxide; hydrogen
sulfide; smoke; and other chemical fumes,
vapors, and gases
Assessing the toxic potential of the
environment and the need for respirators
45
PPT-149-01
46. 4. Life-Threatening Events
Knowledge of the worksite chemicals and first aid
and treatment for inhalation or ingestion;
Effects of alcohol and illicit drugs to recognize
physiologic and behavioral effects;
Recognizing asphyxiation and confined space
dangers;
Responding to Medical Emergencies
46
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47. 5. Non-Life Threatening
Wounds
Assessment and first aid for wounds
including abrasions, cuts, lacerations,
punctures, avulsions, amputations
and crush injuries
Principles of wound care, including
infection precautions
Principles of body substance isolation,
universal precautions
Use of personal protective equipment
47
PPT-149-01
48. 5. Non-Life Threatening
Burns
Assess severity
Is burn thermal, electrical, or chemical
and the appropriate first aid;
Review your corrosive chemicals and
appropriate first aid.
Temperature Extremes
Exposure to cold: frostbite and
hypothermia;
Exposure to heat: heat cramps, heat
exhaustion and heat stroke.
48
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49. 5. Non-Life Threatening
Musculoskeletal Injuries
Fractures;
Sprains, strains, contusions and cramps;
Head, neck, back and spinal injuries;
Appropriate handling of amputated body parts.
Eye injuries
First aid for eye injuries;
First aid for chemical burns.
49
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50. 5. Non-Life Threatening
Mouth and Teeth Injuries
Oral injuries; lip and tongue injuries; broken
and missing teeth;
The importance of preventing aspiration of
blood and/or teeth.
Bites and Stings
Human and animal bites;
Bites and stings from insects;
instruction in first-aid treatment
of anaphylactic shock.
50
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51. Trainee Assessment
Assessment of successful completion of the first-
aid training program should include:
Instructor observation of acquired skills and
Written performance assessments.
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52. Skills Update
Retention rate of 6-12 months
of these critical skills.
Skills review and practice
sessions at least every 6
months for CPR and AED
skills.
Instructor-led retraining for
life-threatening emergencies
should occur at least annually.
Retraining for non-life-
threatening response should
occur periodically.
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53. Program Update
Review program periodically
Does it continue to address the needs of the
specific workplace?
Add or modify training, supplies, equipment
and first-aid policies to account for changes in
workplace safety and health hazards, worksite
locations and worker schedules since the last
program review.
Keep program up-to-date with current
techniques and knowledge. Replace/remove
outdated training and reference materials.
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54. Summary
Employers are required by 29 CFR 1910.151 to
have a person(s) adequately trained to render
first aid for worksites not near an infirmary,
clinic, or hospital.
Design a program for a workplace reflecting
known and anticipated risks.
Consult local emergency medical experts and
providers of first-aid training when developing a
program.
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PPT-149-01
55. Summary
Program must comply with all applicable OSHA
standards and regulations.
OSHA requires certain employers to have CPR-
trained rescuers on site.
Seriously consider establishing a workplace
AED program.
First-aid supplies must be available in adequate
quantities and readily accessible.
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PPT-149-01
56. Summary
First-aid training courses
should include instruction in
general and workplace hazard-
specific knowledge and skills.
CPR training should incorporate
AED training if an AED is at the
worksite.
Repeat first-aid training
periodically to update
knowledge and skills.
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PPT-149-01
57. Summary
Management commitment and worker
involvement is vital in developing, implementing
and assessing a workplace first-aid program.
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PPT-149-01
59. Contact Information
Health & Safety Training Specialists
1171 South Cameron Street, Room 324
Harrisburg, PA 17104-2501
(717) 772-1635
RA-LI-BWC-PATHS@pa.gov
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PPT-149-01
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60. Bibliography
Best Practices Guide: Fundamentals of a Workplace
First Aid Program, OSHA 3317-06N 2006
Virginia school emergencies
www.doe.virginia.gov/.../health_emergencies/fir
st_aid_emergencies.pdf
The Cost of Debilitating Workplace Injuries
Tuesday, May 24, 2016 by Chelsie King Garza
research.lawyers.com
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PPT-149-01
61. Bibliography
www.bls.gov/iif
American National Standard (ANSI) Z308.1-1998
“Minimum Requirements for Workplace First-aid
Kits.”
OSHA First Aid Standard, 29 CFR 1910.151,
Appendix A
29 CFR 1910.1030, Bloodborne Pathogen Standard
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62. Bibliography
OSHA Recording and Reporting Occupational
Injuries and Illnesses regulation (29 CFR 1904)
provides specific definitions of first aid and
medical treatment.
American Heart Association in collaboration with
International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation.
Guidelines 2000 for Cardiopulmonary
Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular
Care: International Consensus on Science, Part 4:
The Automated External Defibrillator. Circulation.
2000; Vol. 102, Supplement: I 61.
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63. Bibliography
Additional Resources on First Aid, CPR and
AEDs
American Association of Occupational Health
Nursing at www.aaohn.org
National Safety Council at www.nsc.org
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64. Bibliography
Segal, Eileen B, “First Aid for a Unique Acid: HF,”
Chemical Health and Safety, September/October
1998, Vol. 5, No. 5, p.25, Bronstein, A.C. and
Currance, P.L. “Emergency Care for Hazardous
Materials Exposures, “ Mosby Company, 1988.
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65. Other Suggested Programs
The following may aid your in-house program:
Bloodborne Pathogen Standard
Fall Protection
Heat-related injuries
Cold weather injuries
Infectious Diseases
Struck-by Hazards
Please contact us for a full list of other free
programs available to you.
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PPT-149-01
PATHS – PA Training
for Health & Safety
Editor's Notes
Information taken from 29 CFR 1910.151, Subpart K-Medical and First Aid and Appendix A to 1910.151 although Non-Mandatory.
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Many facilities have a “First Aid Squad” which will respond to assist the Fire Brigade, Hazardous Materials Team, and attend to in-facility incidents until off-site emergency responders arrive.
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Each of the components listed will better ensure a complete program.
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You must first identify those types of injuries or risks of injuries toward first aid planning.
Review your accident records; also view accident records for facilities and operations which parallel your own. This will aid you in developing a consensus of need.
The first aid program in your organization must be top-down driven. Management must determine if it is best to be able to respond in a timely fashion or if all responses will be provided only by off-site agencies (EMS).
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A recent study estimates the cost associated with occupational illnesses and deaths to be roughly $250 billion a year. This amount exceeds the costs of several other diseases, including cancer, diabetes, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
The medical costs associated with occupational disease and injury are approximately $67 billion per year. The productivity costs of losing these workers are around $183 billion, including current and future lost earning, lost benefits, and lost household services (work done around the house including cooking and home repairs).
The Cost of Debilitating Workplace Injuries
Tuesday, May 24, 2016 by Chelsie King Garza
research.lawyers.com
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OSHA is very serious about enforcement of regulations, and every organization needs to take steps to address potential hazards. Investigators tend to come across the same problems in company after company, year after year. These are the 10 hazards OSHA inspectors see most frequently, and they cross a number of different industries and workplaces.
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Specific programs may also give you insight to potential injuries to your staff.
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The annual data for a recent year are grouped by the North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS) that assigns a numeric code for each type of work establishment. Prior to 2003, the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system was used to categorize the data instead of NAICS.
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Slide information is from 1910.151
Slide information is from 1910.151
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Even if an Appendix is Non-Mandatory, program planning should review information to determine inclusion in your plan.
The employer can use the OSHA 300 log, OSHA 301 log, or other reports to identify these unique problems. Consultation from the local fire/rescue department, appropriate medical professional, or local emergency room may be helpful to employers in these circumstances. By assessing the specific needs of their workplace, employers can ensure that reasonably anticipated supplies are available. Employers should assess the specific needs of their worksite periodically and augment the first aid kit appropriately.
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Kits will differ if, for example, a group is working with infectious diseases or in a mill possessing stamping and forming machines.
Seasonal considerations may also be required to treat extreme heat or cold injuries, especially for those with outside crews.
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This standard 29 CFR 1910.1030, Bloodborne Pathogens, lists appropriate PPE for this type of exposure, such as gloves, gowns, face shields, masks, and eye protection. It will also contain information for eye wash stations.
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Local ambulance and EMT organizations can assist in determining kit contents and anticipated injuries.
The amount of self-reliance until medical aid arrives will aid you in determining kits and training required for your staff.
SCA=sudden cardiac arrest
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Best Practices Guide: Fundamentals of a Workplace First Aid Program, OSHA 3317-06N 2006
Sudden injuries or illnesses, some of which may be life-threatening, occur at work.
CPR may keep the victim alive until EMS arrives to provide the next level of medical care. However, survival from this kind of care is low, only 5-7%, according to the American Heart Association.
The above are other OSHA Standards requiring CPR training.
A few of the medical emergency procedures mentioned in the OSHA guide as first aid may be considered medical treatment for OSHA recordkeeping purposes. OSHA Recording and Reporting Occupational Injuries and Illnesses regulation (29 CFR 1904) provides specific definitions of first aid and medical treatment.
If a medical emergency procedure which is considered by 29 CFR 1904 to be medical treatment is performed on an employee with an occupational injury or illness, the injury or illness will be regarded as recordable on the OSHA 300 Log.
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Select a program coordinator who will be tasked with the above. Allow them to form an in-house team which will be trained to respond. This also includes specifying types and sizes of kits and backup inventory for contents.
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Use OSHA 300 log, OSHA 301 reports or other records to identify the first-aid needs.
Some problems have been found where staff remove some kit contents and don’t tell the coordinator so replenishment can occur. When another situation arises, contents to perform first aid are not in evidence. In your policy, indicate actions that must be taken (notification of use) so replenishment can occur.
Segal, Eileen B, “First Aid for a Unique Acid: HF,” Chemical Health and Safety, September/October 1998, Vol. 5, No. 5, p.25, Bronstein, A.C. and Currance, P.L. “Emergency Care for Hazardous Materials Exposures, “ Mosby Company, 1988.
These are but a few selected from the NAICS.
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myinterestingfacts.com
View the environment within which the work will take place. What other hazards may impact on your staff for which first aid might need to be provided?
Not only can nursing staff fall victim to injuries but likewise so can the patient. These injuries can be due to the patient’s condition as well as the handling procedures.
Manufacturing can be a variety of possible hazards. These are not only those cited but also struck-by, caught-in and others.
Ensure machine guards are in-place and that a lockout/tagout policy is in place.
Whether above-ground (strip mining) or below ground, hazards of the environment and machinery all always in evidence.
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Transportation hazards include interactions with other vehicles while on the road as well as interactions with vehicles and people when on a facility.
Hazards may also be involved due to exposure to materials carried on-board the vehicle, e.g. hazardous materials.
SDS’s can be reviewed to determine possible first aid needs due to exposure to contents.
While some of us may think that the possibility of accidents is reduced when we work in a “tame” environment, such may not be so.
First aid requirements can look at existing conditions (medical) of coworkers and visitors as well as environmental hazards.
Retail trade injuries may involve workers exposed to heated surfaces, slip, trip and fall hazards.
The same may impact customers.
In the educational setting, injuries may be due to interactions with other students or with vehicles as may be viewed in this slide.
Large numbers of students, distracted from possible harm, may not be able to react correctly to injurious situations.
Again, what are the conditions of staff or clients who may require first aid?
CPR supports the circulation and ventilation of the victim until an electric shock delivered by an AED can restore the fibrillating heart to normal.
3 American Heart Association in collaboration with International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation. Guidelines 2000 for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care: International Consensus on Science, Part 4: The Automated External Defibrillator. Circulation. 2000; Vol. 102, Supplement: I 61. Figure 1.
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Additional Information
OSHA website at www.osha.gov
American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine at www.acoem.org,
American Heart Association at www.americanheart.org,
American Red Cross at www.redcross.org,
Federal Occupational Health at www.foh.dhhs.gov,
National Center for Early Defibrillation at www.early-defib.org
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OSHA does not teach first-aid courses or certify first-aid training courses
for instructors or trainees. You will need to contact an agency to obtain their training.
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ebay.co.uk
There are a number of elements to include when planning a first-aid training program for a particular workplace. These recommendations are based on the best practices and evidence available at the time this guide was written.
Statistical information is available from BLS (Bureau of Labor Statistics) to help assess the risks for specific types of work. Some program elements may be optional for a particular plant or facility.
Ensure your first aid program includes not only lecture but hands-on approaches to ensure full understanding in applying first aid measures.
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A part of your staff’s learning should include responding in a timely fashion to on-site emergencies. These drills can be first for proficiency unrushed then increase to efficiency and rapidity of response.
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Discussion should include prevention and any interactions with off-site agencies which will assist you.
Understand legal aspects of providing care.
First aid responders may be stressed due to the type and magnitude of an event. Take needed actions after the event such as Critical Incident Stress Debriefings.
Universal precautions tie-in with PPE they will wear.
Management and disposal of contaminated equipment and surfaces will require a procedure to ensure each has either been properly disposed of or decontaminated.
When you assess the scene always do a “360 degree view” both horizontally and vertically. Do you see objects which caused the event, such as downed power lines?
Establish a safety zone within which you and other responders may safely function.
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Perform the logical head-to-toe check for injuries and treat for shock.
You, best, know what in your agency or at your facility would qualify as a “life-threatening event.” Your first aid program should be adapted to address such possibilities.
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The American Red Cross manual will show you in the Table of Contents, those situations which constitute “Life-Threatening Events.”
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To what poisons or toxins could your staff be subjected? What preventive measures will you implement? What procedures in first aid will you employ?
Additional training is required if first-aid personnel will assist in rescue from a confined space.
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Instructors should observe the acquired skills of each student. These are followed by written performance assessments.
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The American Heart Association’s Emergency Cardiovascular Care Committee encourages skills review and practice sessions at least every 6
months for CPR and AED skills.
First-aid responders may have long intervals between learning and using CPR and AED skills.
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To be effective, programs must be periodically updated to include new methods and use of new devices.
Training programs can then be modified to keep your knowledge current.
Distance from or absence of infirmaries, clinics or hospitals will determine the need to establish and train staff in first aid measures.
Risk assessments will give insight to types of past injuries as well as possible future events.
Off-site experts in the fields of first aid and EMS can help build your program.
Legitimacy of your program and ability to certify your staff will require the program be compliant with applicable OSHA standards.
CPR and AED training should be considered for inclusion.
Provide periodic update training to keep first aid members’ talents current.
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Remember, Management’s commitment is vital to your first aid program.
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