A firewall monitors incoming and outgoing network traffic and decides whether to allow or block specific traffic based on security rules. It establishes a barrier between internal trusted networks and external untrusted networks like the Internet. A firewall can be hardware, software, or both. There are different types of firewalls including proxy firewalls, stateful inspection firewalls, unified threat management firewalls, next-generation firewalls, and threat-focused next-generation firewalls.

2. • A firewall is a network security device
that monitors incoming and outgoing
network traffic and decides whether to
allow or block specific traffic based on a
defined set of security rules.
• They establish a barrier between secured
and controlled internal networks that can
be trusted and untrusted outside
networks, such as the Internet.
• A firewall can be hardware, software, or
both.

3. 1. PROXY FIREWALLS-An early type of firewall device, a proxy
firewall serves as the gateway from one network to another
for a specific application. Proxy servers can provide additional
functionality such as content caching and security by
preventing direct connections from outside the network.
2. STATEFUL INSPECTION FIREWALL-ow thought of as a
“traditional” firewall, a stateful inspection firewall allows or
blocks traffic based on state, port, and protocol. It monitors
all activity from the opening of a connection until it is closed.
3. UNIFIED THREAT MANAGEMENT FIREWALL-A UTM device
typically combines, in a loosely coupled way, the functions of
a stateful inspection firewall with intrusion prevention
and antivirus.

4. 4. NEXT-GENERATION FIREWALL (NGFW)-Firewalls have evolved
beyond simple packet filtering and stateful inspection. Most
companies are deploying next-generation firewalls to block
modern threats such as advanced malware and application-
layer attacks.
5. THREAT-FOCUSED NGFW-These firewalls include all the
capabilities of a traditional NGFW and also provide advanced
threat detection and remediation.

5. 1. Monitors network traffic- All of the benefits of firewall
security start with the ability to monitor network traffic.
2. Stops virus attacks- One of the most visible benefits of
firewalls is the ability to control your system's entry points
and stop virus attacks.
3. Prevents Hacking- firewalls have become even more
important, as they prevent hackers from gaining unauthorized
access to your data, emails, systems, and more. A firewall can
stop a hacker completely or deter them to choose an easier
target.
4. Stops spyware- One of the most common ways unwanted
people gain access is by employing spyware and malware.