Energy saving tip No 14 (Remove Soot deposits)Magdy Aly
Tip summary
Remove soot deposits when flue gas temperature rises 40°C above the normal. A coating of 3mm thick soot on the heat transfer surface can cause an increase in fuel consumption of as much as 2.5%.
Proposed actions
o Conduct a regular check for the fire box area as a part of the regular boiler inspection program.
o Monitor flue gas outlet temperature to record any changes with time.
o Plan for required cleaning if needed in the nearest chance.
Economics
o Low cost opportunity with a good ROI.
Savings
o Estimated energy savings range: 2.5 % of the overall Boiler energy use.
o Decrease equivalent amount of CO2 emissions accordingly to save the environment.
Conclusion
o Removing soot can save more than 2% of boiler system energy use.
o Please share this tip with others to share knowledge and increase energy efficiency awareness.
o Please contact me for any advice or support about this issue or other energy management issues.
My blog www.360proactiveengineer.com
#Energy #energyefficiency #energymanagement #steam #steamsystem #sustainable #sustainability #engineering #engineer #chemicalengineering #boiler #360practiveengineer #loadmanagement #steamboiler #sootremoval
1. The document discusses fire extinguishers, including what they are, how they work, different types, and proper usage. It defines different classes of fire and provides details on water, foam, CO2, dry powder, wet chemical, and class D extinguishers.
2. Instructions are provided on operating a fire extinguisher using the PASS method of Pull, Aim, Squeeze, Sweep. Maintenance and testing requirements are also outlined.
3. Proper fire safety procedures include knowing evacuation routes, extinguisher locations, only fighting small contained fires if trained, and always sounding the alarm.
There are different types of fire extinguishers designed for specific fire classes. Class A extinguishers use water or water with additives to fight fires fueled by ordinary combustibles like wood. Class B extinguishers contain chemicals to smother liquid fuel fires using pressurized water, foam or dry powder. Class C extinguishers are for electrical fires and use non-conductive agents like carbon dioxide or dry chemicals. Additional classes include Class D for combustible metal fires and Class K for cooking grease blazes. Each type works through mechanisms like cooling, oxygen removal or chemical suppression of the fire's chemical reaction.
This document discusses different types of fire extinguishers and their uses. It explains that there are four elements required for fire - oxygen, heat, fuel and a chemical reaction. It describes various fire extinguishers like water, foam, dry powder, and carbon dioxide, indicating what types of fires each can be used on. The document also discusses fire control methods, fire protection methods, and common fire control equipment like fire extinguishers, hydrants, smoke/heat detectors, fire alarms, sprinklers and blankets.
This document discusses water uses for fire protection and HVAC systems. It describes how water is effective for extinguishing fires due to its heat transfer properties. It also outlines various fire classifications and detection methods like smoke detectors, heat detectors, and flame detectors. The document discusses sprinkler systems, standpipes, and other fire suppression methods. It notes water is also well-suited for HVAC systems due to its stability, low cost, and ability to transfer heat and cool buildings effectively. Water quality is important to prevent damage to pipes and reduce microorganism growth.
According to the U.S. Energy Information Administration, the average summer electricity bill was about $395 last year. That’s a lot of money. Here are some low-cost, no-stress, renter-friendly ways to slice your summer utility bills.
This document provides tips for fire safety in the kitchen. It recommends keeping appliances clean and well-maintained, never leaving the kitchen unattended while cooking, and maintaining a 3-foot clear area around the stove. Appliances with internal water leaks can also present electrical fire hazards, so the document advises watching for staining or water around appliances as an indication of leaks. It concludes by recommending having a fire extinguisher available but only using it for small contained fires, and otherwise evacuating if a fire occurs.
Energy saving tip No 14 (Remove Soot deposits)Magdy Aly
Tip summary
Remove soot deposits when flue gas temperature rises 40°C above the normal. A coating of 3mm thick soot on the heat transfer surface can cause an increase in fuel consumption of as much as 2.5%.
Proposed actions
o Conduct a regular check for the fire box area as a part of the regular boiler inspection program.
o Monitor flue gas outlet temperature to record any changes with time.
o Plan for required cleaning if needed in the nearest chance.
Economics
o Low cost opportunity with a good ROI.
Savings
o Estimated energy savings range: 2.5 % of the overall Boiler energy use.
o Decrease equivalent amount of CO2 emissions accordingly to save the environment.
Conclusion
o Removing soot can save more than 2% of boiler system energy use.
o Please share this tip with others to share knowledge and increase energy efficiency awareness.
o Please contact me for any advice or support about this issue or other energy management issues.
My blog www.360proactiveengineer.com
#Energy #energyefficiency #energymanagement #steam #steamsystem #sustainable #sustainability #engineering #engineer #chemicalengineering #boiler #360practiveengineer #loadmanagement #steamboiler #sootremoval
1. The document discusses fire extinguishers, including what they are, how they work, different types, and proper usage. It defines different classes of fire and provides details on water, foam, CO2, dry powder, wet chemical, and class D extinguishers.
2. Instructions are provided on operating a fire extinguisher using the PASS method of Pull, Aim, Squeeze, Sweep. Maintenance and testing requirements are also outlined.
3. Proper fire safety procedures include knowing evacuation routes, extinguisher locations, only fighting small contained fires if trained, and always sounding the alarm.
There are different types of fire extinguishers designed for specific fire classes. Class A extinguishers use water or water with additives to fight fires fueled by ordinary combustibles like wood. Class B extinguishers contain chemicals to smother liquid fuel fires using pressurized water, foam or dry powder. Class C extinguishers are for electrical fires and use non-conductive agents like carbon dioxide or dry chemicals. Additional classes include Class D for combustible metal fires and Class K for cooking grease blazes. Each type works through mechanisms like cooling, oxygen removal or chemical suppression of the fire's chemical reaction.
This document discusses different types of fire extinguishers and their uses. It explains that there are four elements required for fire - oxygen, heat, fuel and a chemical reaction. It describes various fire extinguishers like water, foam, dry powder, and carbon dioxide, indicating what types of fires each can be used on. The document also discusses fire control methods, fire protection methods, and common fire control equipment like fire extinguishers, hydrants, smoke/heat detectors, fire alarms, sprinklers and blankets.
This document discusses water uses for fire protection and HVAC systems. It describes how water is effective for extinguishing fires due to its heat transfer properties. It also outlines various fire classifications and detection methods like smoke detectors, heat detectors, and flame detectors. The document discusses sprinkler systems, standpipes, and other fire suppression methods. It notes water is also well-suited for HVAC systems due to its stability, low cost, and ability to transfer heat and cool buildings effectively. Water quality is important to prevent damage to pipes and reduce microorganism growth.
According to the U.S. Energy Information Administration, the average summer electricity bill was about $395 last year. That’s a lot of money. Here are some low-cost, no-stress, renter-friendly ways to slice your summer utility bills.
This document provides tips for fire safety in the kitchen. It recommends keeping appliances clean and well-maintained, never leaving the kitchen unattended while cooking, and maintaining a 3-foot clear area around the stove. Appliances with internal water leaks can also present electrical fire hazards, so the document advises watching for staining or water around appliances as an indication of leaks. It concludes by recommending having a fire extinguisher available but only using it for small contained fires, and otherwise evacuating if a fire occurs.
Fire extinguishers come in different types to fight different fire classes. They have several key parts and require proper maintenance. There are three main steps to using a fire extinguisher: pull the pin, aim at the base of the fire, and squeeze the lever while sweeping from side to side. Fire extinguishers must be checked regularly and undergo more extensive servicing every 5-10 years depending on the type to ensure they are always functioning properly in emergency situations.
This document provides training on portable fire extinguishers. It discusses emergency procedures, environmental concerns like exit locations, and then covers the topics that will be learned in the training, including what fire is, classifications of fire, fire causes, prevention, extinguisher types, how to use one, and making good decisions around fire safety. It details the PASS method for using an extinguisher and emphasizes that trainees are not expected to fight fires but should instead call emergency services and not take unnecessary risks.
The document discusses fire safety and fire extinguishers. It explains the fire triangle and the three elements (fuel, heat, oxygen) needed for a fire. It describes the different classes of fires based on the type of fuel (A, B, C, D) and the different types of fire extinguishers suited for each class (water, foam, dry chemical, CO2). It provides instructions on how to properly use a fire extinguisher using the PASS method of pulling the pin, aiming at the base of the fire, squeezing the handle, and sweeping from side to side. Safety tips are also outlined, such as knowing what is burning before fighting the fire and having an escape route.
The document provides information on fundamental fire extinguisher training and the fire triangle. It discusses the three elements needed for a fire - oxygen, heat, and fuel. It also covers fuel classifications, types of fire extinguishers including water, carbon dioxide, and dry chemical, how to use an extinguisher using the PASS method, and rules for fighting fires safely.
This document provides training on fire extinguisher safety. It discusses the different classes of fires and types of fire extinguishers, how fire extinguishers work, proper fire extinguisher placement and use. Key steps for using a fire extinguisher include pulling the pin, aiming at the base of the fire, squeezing the handle to release the extinguishing agent, and sweeping from side to side until the fire is completely out. Evacuation is recommended if the fire cannot be controlled with an extinguisher.
Swastik Synergy Engineering Private Limited manufactures and exports firefighting appliances and systems. They offer a range of fire extinguishers, fire suppression systems, valves, and testing equipment. Their team includes engineers, quality controllers, and production staff. Key products include dry powder, water, foam, clean agent and kitchen fire extinguishers as well as fire suppression systems like carbon dioxide, clean agent, hydrant, dry powder, and foam systems. They also provide related production equipment, accessories, and testing equipment.
How to Use a Fire Extinguisher in an Emergency Situation?A
Within 20 to 30 seconds, a fire could be out of control in front of you. Fire can spread, doubling up its size in seconds and not give you much time to escape. The quick fire-filled area contains heat and thick toxic smoke. In an instantaneous situation, you have to confront a fire with the right fire extinguisher for the specific type of fire. Learn how to use fire extinguishers and identify the fire class for appropriate fire extinguishers.
Choosing the right fire extinguisher may help you to stop the fire successfully. To defend the fire, the only option you have is that fire extinguisher to restrict fire spreading. A fire extinguisher is a device used for fire safety to extinguish small fires or flame in an emergency situation. A fire extinguisher is not intended for use in a large scale fire. Normally, a fire extinguisher is a hand-held pressurised cylinder having an agent such as nitrogen.
The document provides an overview of fire safety training at the University of Northern Iowa. It discusses the importance of fire extinguishers and knowing how to properly use them. The PASS technique of Pull, Aim, Squeeze, Sweep is explained as the correct method for applying an extinguisher. Different types of fires and appropriate extinguishers are identified. Evacuation procedures and resources for more information are also outlined. The goal is to create awareness of fire safety for students, faculty and staff.
One-third of restaurant fires are caused by faulty electrical equipment or improper equipment use. To prevent fires, restaurants should regularly clean greasy surfaces, avoid storing flammables near heat, and check for hazards. There are three classes of fires - A, B, C - which require different types of extinguishers. Restaurants should also maintain fire safety equipment like detectors, sprinklers, and properly train employees in evacuation and extinguisher use.
This document provides an introduction to fire extinguishers for Fairfax County employees. It outlines OSHA regulations requiring training on portable fire extinguisher use. The objectives are to identify the three common fire classes, select the proper extinguisher, evaluate fire safety, and apply the PASS method. It describes different extinguisher types (water, dry chemical, CO2), their features, how they work, and limitations. Guidelines are given for using an extinguisher, including only fighting small, contained fires after evacuation and calling 911. The PASS method of Pull, Aim, Squeeze, Sweep is explained. Sources for more information are also listed.
The document discusses different types of fire extinguishers, including how they are constructed, how they work, and which types of fires they are meant to be used on. It describes modern fire extinguishers as being made of steel or aluminum alloys to provide durability. It also explains the various methods of operation for different types of fire extinguishers, such as using pressure to force an extinguishing agent onto a fire. The document categorizes fires into different classes and identifies which type of fire extinguisher is best for each class.
This document discusses fire and combustible hazards. It begins by introducing the trainer's credentials in quality, environment, health and safety. It then defines the fire triangle as requiring fuel, oxygen and an ignition source. It describes different types of fires and classes of materials that burn. Several examples of potential fire hazards are outlined, including improper storage of combustible materials and blocked exits. The document concludes with discussing elements of an effective fire prevention program such as hazard identification, equipment maintenance, handling/storage procedures, inspections, housekeeping and training.
The document discusses fire safety and statistics about fires in the United States. It notes that in 2007, over 2500 fires were reported on average in US states, with over 1 million fire department calls, 3400 fire-related deaths, and 17000 injuries. Approximately $14.6 billion was lost to fire damage that year. The document recommends fire safety precautions like smoke alarms, sprinklers, and fire extinguishers, and outlines an emergency escape plan and actions to take during a fire.
Bae Systems Fire Extinguisher Orientation Class As Of 9 2 2011william bohmer
This document provides an orientation for fire extinguisher coordinators. It discusses the components of the fire triangle and tetrahedron, classes of fire, the PASS method for using a fire extinguisher, and guidelines for fighting or fleeing a fire. It also reviews different types of portable fire extinguishers like ABC dry chemical, carbon dioxide, halon, and wet chemical models. Key points include only fighting small contained fires if exits are clear, not using an extinguisher if the fire type is unknown, and ensuring trained users understand proper evaluation and operation techniques.
This document provides information on portable fire extinguishers including their purpose, operating principles, types, use, and maintenance. It discusses how fire extinguishers work to control or extinguish small fires by removing one of the fire triangle components through starvation, smothering, or cooling. Common types are described like dry chemical, water, foam, carbon dioxide, and wet chemical extinguishers. Guidelines are provided on reading classification labels and using different extinguishers appropriately. Maintenance tips are also listed.
Fire Safety & Extinguisher Safety TrainingPhillipLaraway
There are three things needed to start a fire: oxygen, fuel, and heat. Fires are classified based on the type of fuel: Class A is solids like wood; Class B is liquids like gasoline; Class C is electrical fires; Class D are metal-based fires. There are three main types of fire extinguishers - water, carbon dioxide, and dry chemical. Water extinguishers use water to remove heat; carbon dioxide removes oxygen; and dry chemical extinguishers coat the fuel to block oxygen. It's important to remember the PASS method when using an extinguisher - pull the pin, aim at the base of the fire, squeeze the handle, and sweep from side to side.
The document provides information on fire safety and fire extinguisher training. It discusses the fire triangle of fuel, heat, and oxygen needed to create fire. It also describes the four classes of fires based on the type of fuel and the different types of fire extinguishers used for each class. The types covered are water, foam, carbon dioxide, and dry chemical extinguishers. It provides instructions on how to properly operate a fire extinguisher using the PASS method of pull, aim, squeeze, and sweep. Safety tips for fighting fires are also mentioned.
What You Must Know About Fire For Prevention & Survival!Bob Mayer
Fire can be dangerous or save our life. We need to be prepared either way. The odds are you will experience a house fire during your lifetime. Actually more than one. Are you ready? Are you prepared to make a free in a survival situation?
HERE IS THE COMPLETE ASSIGNMENT REPORT OF HUMIDITY ITS TYPES AND ITS MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
I HAVE ALSO UPLOADED A POWER POINT PRESENTATION ON THE SAME TOPIC MUST SEE IT ALSO
Fire extinguishers come in different types to fight different fire classes. They have several key parts and require proper maintenance. There are three main steps to using a fire extinguisher: pull the pin, aim at the base of the fire, and squeeze the lever while sweeping from side to side. Fire extinguishers must be checked regularly and undergo more extensive servicing every 5-10 years depending on the type to ensure they are always functioning properly in emergency situations.
This document provides training on portable fire extinguishers. It discusses emergency procedures, environmental concerns like exit locations, and then covers the topics that will be learned in the training, including what fire is, classifications of fire, fire causes, prevention, extinguisher types, how to use one, and making good decisions around fire safety. It details the PASS method for using an extinguisher and emphasizes that trainees are not expected to fight fires but should instead call emergency services and not take unnecessary risks.
The document discusses fire safety and fire extinguishers. It explains the fire triangle and the three elements (fuel, heat, oxygen) needed for a fire. It describes the different classes of fires based on the type of fuel (A, B, C, D) and the different types of fire extinguishers suited for each class (water, foam, dry chemical, CO2). It provides instructions on how to properly use a fire extinguisher using the PASS method of pulling the pin, aiming at the base of the fire, squeezing the handle, and sweeping from side to side. Safety tips are also outlined, such as knowing what is burning before fighting the fire and having an escape route.
The document provides information on fundamental fire extinguisher training and the fire triangle. It discusses the three elements needed for a fire - oxygen, heat, and fuel. It also covers fuel classifications, types of fire extinguishers including water, carbon dioxide, and dry chemical, how to use an extinguisher using the PASS method, and rules for fighting fires safely.
This document provides training on fire extinguisher safety. It discusses the different classes of fires and types of fire extinguishers, how fire extinguishers work, proper fire extinguisher placement and use. Key steps for using a fire extinguisher include pulling the pin, aiming at the base of the fire, squeezing the handle to release the extinguishing agent, and sweeping from side to side until the fire is completely out. Evacuation is recommended if the fire cannot be controlled with an extinguisher.
Swastik Synergy Engineering Private Limited manufactures and exports firefighting appliances and systems. They offer a range of fire extinguishers, fire suppression systems, valves, and testing equipment. Their team includes engineers, quality controllers, and production staff. Key products include dry powder, water, foam, clean agent and kitchen fire extinguishers as well as fire suppression systems like carbon dioxide, clean agent, hydrant, dry powder, and foam systems. They also provide related production equipment, accessories, and testing equipment.
How to Use a Fire Extinguisher in an Emergency Situation?A
Within 20 to 30 seconds, a fire could be out of control in front of you. Fire can spread, doubling up its size in seconds and not give you much time to escape. The quick fire-filled area contains heat and thick toxic smoke. In an instantaneous situation, you have to confront a fire with the right fire extinguisher for the specific type of fire. Learn how to use fire extinguishers and identify the fire class for appropriate fire extinguishers.
Choosing the right fire extinguisher may help you to stop the fire successfully. To defend the fire, the only option you have is that fire extinguisher to restrict fire spreading. A fire extinguisher is a device used for fire safety to extinguish small fires or flame in an emergency situation. A fire extinguisher is not intended for use in a large scale fire. Normally, a fire extinguisher is a hand-held pressurised cylinder having an agent such as nitrogen.
The document provides an overview of fire safety training at the University of Northern Iowa. It discusses the importance of fire extinguishers and knowing how to properly use them. The PASS technique of Pull, Aim, Squeeze, Sweep is explained as the correct method for applying an extinguisher. Different types of fires and appropriate extinguishers are identified. Evacuation procedures and resources for more information are also outlined. The goal is to create awareness of fire safety for students, faculty and staff.
One-third of restaurant fires are caused by faulty electrical equipment or improper equipment use. To prevent fires, restaurants should regularly clean greasy surfaces, avoid storing flammables near heat, and check for hazards. There are three classes of fires - A, B, C - which require different types of extinguishers. Restaurants should also maintain fire safety equipment like detectors, sprinklers, and properly train employees in evacuation and extinguisher use.
This document provides an introduction to fire extinguishers for Fairfax County employees. It outlines OSHA regulations requiring training on portable fire extinguisher use. The objectives are to identify the three common fire classes, select the proper extinguisher, evaluate fire safety, and apply the PASS method. It describes different extinguisher types (water, dry chemical, CO2), their features, how they work, and limitations. Guidelines are given for using an extinguisher, including only fighting small, contained fires after evacuation and calling 911. The PASS method of Pull, Aim, Squeeze, Sweep is explained. Sources for more information are also listed.
The document discusses different types of fire extinguishers, including how they are constructed, how they work, and which types of fires they are meant to be used on. It describes modern fire extinguishers as being made of steel or aluminum alloys to provide durability. It also explains the various methods of operation for different types of fire extinguishers, such as using pressure to force an extinguishing agent onto a fire. The document categorizes fires into different classes and identifies which type of fire extinguisher is best for each class.
This document discusses fire and combustible hazards. It begins by introducing the trainer's credentials in quality, environment, health and safety. It then defines the fire triangle as requiring fuel, oxygen and an ignition source. It describes different types of fires and classes of materials that burn. Several examples of potential fire hazards are outlined, including improper storage of combustible materials and blocked exits. The document concludes with discussing elements of an effective fire prevention program such as hazard identification, equipment maintenance, handling/storage procedures, inspections, housekeeping and training.
The document discusses fire safety and statistics about fires in the United States. It notes that in 2007, over 2500 fires were reported on average in US states, with over 1 million fire department calls, 3400 fire-related deaths, and 17000 injuries. Approximately $14.6 billion was lost to fire damage that year. The document recommends fire safety precautions like smoke alarms, sprinklers, and fire extinguishers, and outlines an emergency escape plan and actions to take during a fire.
Bae Systems Fire Extinguisher Orientation Class As Of 9 2 2011william bohmer
This document provides an orientation for fire extinguisher coordinators. It discusses the components of the fire triangle and tetrahedron, classes of fire, the PASS method for using a fire extinguisher, and guidelines for fighting or fleeing a fire. It also reviews different types of portable fire extinguishers like ABC dry chemical, carbon dioxide, halon, and wet chemical models. Key points include only fighting small contained fires if exits are clear, not using an extinguisher if the fire type is unknown, and ensuring trained users understand proper evaluation and operation techniques.
This document provides information on portable fire extinguishers including their purpose, operating principles, types, use, and maintenance. It discusses how fire extinguishers work to control or extinguish small fires by removing one of the fire triangle components through starvation, smothering, or cooling. Common types are described like dry chemical, water, foam, carbon dioxide, and wet chemical extinguishers. Guidelines are provided on reading classification labels and using different extinguishers appropriately. Maintenance tips are also listed.
Fire Safety & Extinguisher Safety TrainingPhillipLaraway
There are three things needed to start a fire: oxygen, fuel, and heat. Fires are classified based on the type of fuel: Class A is solids like wood; Class B is liquids like gasoline; Class C is electrical fires; Class D are metal-based fires. There are three main types of fire extinguishers - water, carbon dioxide, and dry chemical. Water extinguishers use water to remove heat; carbon dioxide removes oxygen; and dry chemical extinguishers coat the fuel to block oxygen. It's important to remember the PASS method when using an extinguisher - pull the pin, aim at the base of the fire, squeeze the handle, and sweep from side to side.
The document provides information on fire safety and fire extinguisher training. It discusses the fire triangle of fuel, heat, and oxygen needed to create fire. It also describes the four classes of fires based on the type of fuel and the different types of fire extinguishers used for each class. The types covered are water, foam, carbon dioxide, and dry chemical extinguishers. It provides instructions on how to properly operate a fire extinguisher using the PASS method of pull, aim, squeeze, and sweep. Safety tips for fighting fires are also mentioned.
What You Must Know About Fire For Prevention & Survival!Bob Mayer
Fire can be dangerous or save our life. We need to be prepared either way. The odds are you will experience a house fire during your lifetime. Actually more than one. Are you ready? Are you prepared to make a free in a survival situation?
HERE IS THE COMPLETE ASSIGNMENT REPORT OF HUMIDITY ITS TYPES AND ITS MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
I HAVE ALSO UPLOADED A POWER POINT PRESENTATION ON THE SAME TOPIC MUST SEE IT ALSO
T.A.S.S is a leading global provider of insulated thermal packaging solutions that protect temperature sensitive products during logistics and cold storage. They offer a wide range of cost-effective packaging options, including ISO kits for freight container loads and pallet shippers for bulk goods. T.A.S.S focuses on providing temperature assurance and breakage protection for challenging storage and shipping needs across industries like food, pharmaceuticals, and more.
What You Must Know About Fire For Prevention & Survival!Bob Mayer
Fire can be dangerous or save our life. We need to be prepared either way. The odds are you will experience a house fire during your lifetime. Actually more than one. Are you ready? Are you prepared to make a free in a survival situation?
The document discusses the causes and effects of global warming and provides tips for living more sustainably to reduce human-caused climate change. Some of the key points covered include:
- Global warming is caused by human greenhouse gas emissions from the burning of fossil fuels. This traps heat in the atmosphere and is increasing Earth's temperature.
- Effects of global warming include rising sea levels, more extreme weather, droughts and wildfires, and threats to human health from things like spreading insect-borne diseases.
- Individual actions like recycling, using less water and electricity, driving less, and purchasing renewable energy can all help reduce our carbon footprint.
- Transitioning to renewable energy sources like solar panels, becoming
This document discusses controlling the environment in protected structures like greenhouses. It describes factors that affect light levels, such as the shape, orientation, and materials of the structure. It also discusses maintaining temperature through heating, cooling methods like ventilation and evaporation, and shading. The document covers manipulating relative humidity through damping down and ventilation. It describes irrigation methods like manual watering and automated drip systems. Finally, it discusses manipulating light levels with supplementary lighting and shading tools like blinds.
Performance Evaluation of a Developed Multipurpose Solar Dryerijtsrd
Post harvest losses in developing countries have contributed to the unavailability of foodstuff. Estimation of these losses is generally cited to be of the order of 4 but under very adverse conditions, it is estimated as high as 100 . A significant percentage of these losses are related to improper and or untimely preservation of foodstuffs. This research work is therefore aimed at developing a multipurpose solar dryer. The solar dryer consists mainly of solar collector and dryer chamber compartment. The materials used in this research work include based frame, transparent fiberglass cover, an absorber oven baked Aluminium , thermometer, wire gauze, etc. The frame was constructed from a wood bars with a dimension of 900 mm x 900 mm x 600 mm. The dryer chamber is a truncated rectangle and it comprises of a double walls made up of a plain ply board measuring 800 mm x 800 mm x by 500 mm with a transparent fiberglass cover inclined at an angle of 15o. Three different samples namely sample A sliced plantains , sample B sliced yams , and sample C fish were used for test performance evaluation of the developed multipurpose solar dryer. The results obtained reveal that overall heat energy transfer coefficient of 4.91w m0C, dryer chamber rate of 0.654 kg hr., and dryer chamber area of 0.659 m2 were required by the solar dryer. Besides, the solar dryer dried the three samples used in this research work within duration of 8 hours i.e., 9am 5pm . The maximum solar chamber dryer temperature and ambient temperature were recorded as 55.00 oC and 35.46 oC respectively. Besides, the minimum lower temperature values recorded were obtained as 40.45 oC for solar chamber dryer temperature and 29.02 oC for ambient temperature. The improved results obtained with the multipurpose solar dryer were due to improved temperature obtained with the solar dryer chamber. Orhorhoro EK | Aregbe O | Tamuno RI "Performance Evaluation of a Developed Multipurpose Solar Dryer" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31195.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/31195/performance-evaluation-of-a-developed-multipurpose-solar-dryer/orhorhoro-ek
This document provides guidance on fire prevention and firefighting for personnel working on merchant ships. It covers key topics like fire safety, the chemistry of fire, operating portable firefighting equipment, and using breathing apparatus. The goal is to develop knowledge and skills to apply proactive fire prevention techniques and effectively respond to onboard fires. Personnel will learn about fire causes, prevention measures, emergency procedures, and hands-on training to operate equipment safely and demonstrate skills like using breathing apparatus. Assessment involves written, practical, and oral evaluation to check competency in meeting the learning outcomes.
Electrostatically charged paper can cause problems like poor performance and misfeeding during print runs. Static electricity occurs when paper becomes charged during sheet separation, with identical charges repelling and opposite charges attracting. The dryer the paper, the more it insulates and retains charge. Several factors influence charging, including paper moisture, climate conditions, and speed. Solutions include carefully managing moisture levels around 48-55%, maintaining temperature and humidity in the print room, applying powder between sheets, and allowing paper time to adapt to room conditions before use.
Why do wildfires occur & how can we predict them?Ambee
They can do this by examining past wildfire data, preventing supply chain disruption, safeguarding factory and road workers' lives through live fire events, and predicting wildfire dataset risk around infrastructure and buildings.
This report is detailed study of the research conducted in Kirori Mal College. The basic objective of this report is to get a tough insight in the use of research techniques. Geography, being a field science, a geographical enquiry always need to been supplemented through well planned Research. Research is an essential component of geographic enquire. It is a basic procedure to understand the earth as a home of humankind. Disaster management is an inseparable part of the discipline especially which deals with the study of natural phenomena. This research focuses upon the FIRE safety plan of the institution. It is carried out through observation, sketching, measurement, interviews, etc. The Research facilitate the collection of local level information that is not available through secondary sources.
In this report, various methodologies have been employed such as my, measurement and interviewing, photographing, examining, the collection and gathering of information at different corners of the institution and later, tabulating and computing them is an important part of the field work.
Furthermore, the research report has been prepared in concise form alongside with maps and diagrams for giving visual impressions. Moreover, it contains all the details of the procedures followed, methods, tools and techniques employed.
This document discusses factors that affect the environment in protected structures like greenhouses. Light levels are influenced by the structure's shape, site orientation, and glazing materials. Temperature can be maintained through heating systems like gas, oil, or electricity as well as ventilation and shading. Relative humidity can be changed through damping down, ventilation, and temperature manipulation. Irrigation methods include manual watering or automated drip systems. Light levels are also controlled using supplementary lighting, blinds, and shading paints.
Humans carelessness that leads to fire accidents that can cause death of many thousands of people. This ppt describe the source of man made disasters,the types, the effects and how to control it. there is also a small case study attached to it to help in a better understanding of the effect of the effect and the prevention method.
Here are some potential responses to the questions:
1) The 1st thing the group should have done is establish clear roles and responsibilities for group members. This helps ensure everyone contributes and the work gets done efficiently.
2) The 2nd thing is to set a timeline with deadlines for each task. This keeps the group on track and holds members accountable.
3) As the project leader, I could have better mixed skills and personalities within each group. Heterogeneous groups tend to be more innovative. I also could have provided more detailed instructions up front.
4) Advantages of group decision making include bringing together diverse perspectives and pooling knowledge. Disadvantages include potential for social loafing if accountability is low and
The document provides tips for saving energy in order to conserve non-renewable resources and reduce costs. It suggests changing daily habits like turning off unused lights and appliances, adjusting the thermostat, using fans instead of AC, and line-drying clothes. Replacing incandescent bulbs and old appliances with more efficient models is recommended. Sealing air leaks, adding insulation, and planting trees can make homes more energy efficient. Installing renewable energy sources like solar panels or a wind turbine can generate power and significantly reduce bills. An integrated approach applying multiple strategies is needed to maximize energy savings.
Aiming better gsm controls a possible approachDevesh Singhal
The document discusses improving control of grammage (GSM) in paper machines by modifying the approach flow system. Currently, variations in GSM occur when the secondary screen reject valve opens only briefly. The document proposes removing the secondary screen and installing a screw pump with a variable frequency drive-controlled motor after the main screen to continuously throttle the reject flow at a low level. This proposed system could eliminate GSM variations and fluctuations in the cross-machine profile while also providing energy savings by removing the secondary screen and reducing throughput needs.
Stack height often surprises me. Can we consider cutting short stacks of factories to reduce pollution, as the polluter would be faced to get into self compliance, willingly or unwillingly. Think.
Can we provide some space for viruses in our lives? A different thought, indicating what can be done to to live happily without a fear of virus and let it live its life.
Delhi-NCR air is becoming more and more polluted. We need to find a solution, that too very fast. The present concept note presents such a simple idea to solve the pollution problem.
When environment protection causes problemsDevesh Singhal
What happens when an industry starts treating effluent to achieve better and better than mandated norms? This is done by additional energy, capital cost and thus creates undesirable problems.
This document provides a concise summary of paper and the paper industry for students. It discusses the history of paper and how the paper making process has modernized. It also summarizes key facts about the paper industry in India, including production levels, recycling rates, and environmental practices. The document aims to enhance students' knowledge about paper and debunk common misconceptions.
The document discusses voltage fluctuations that can cause electrical motors and appliances to trip. It describes how fluctuations can originate from the power supply or internal wiring issues. Methods are presented to identify weak neutrals, measure fluctuation magnitude, and reduce tripping, such as installing a supervisory neutral bus or changing control power phases. The goal is to better understand fluctuations and minimize their impacts on production.
The document discusses the issue of plastic pollution and proposes solutions. It notes that plastics are a major source of pollution as most are not recycled. While plastics are very prevalent in modern life, the key issue is plastic waste management rather than plastics themselves. The paper industry could help by recycling products like paper cups and tetra packs that contain a high percentage of paper along with some plastic. This would remove plastic waste from the environment by collecting it along with recycled paper. Mandating that laminated packaging contain at least 75% paper would enable efficient recycling and reduce plastic pollution.
The document discusses rethinking the use of approach flow screening on paper machines. It notes that removing centrifugal cleaners from approach flow 10 years ago resulted in dramatic energy savings, improved basis weight control, reduced web breaks by over 75%, better steam control, and increased yield. The document observes temporary 0.5-0.7 gsm reductions in basis weight from the timer-operated reject valve on the current pressure screen and slot screen system. It questions whether the electricity costs and basis weight control problems from the approach screen outweigh its benefits as a "security guard" and suggests starting to think about removing approach screens.
Can our cooking create pollution?
While you prepare your delicious food, fumes containing particulate matter are added to atmosphere. Probably that is the reason that pollution index is generally found more in densely populated areas.
This document discusses how hair care products are a major source of pollution that is often overlooked. It notes that the water and chemicals used in shampoos, conditioners, dyes, and other hair products exceed the pollution produced by most major industries when considered globally. The author argues that wearing hats more often could help reduce this pollution by decreasing the need for frequent hair washing and product use. Wearing a hat for a month is proposed as a task people should accept to help raise awareness of hair care's environmental impact and potential solutions like cutting one's hair short.
Have you faced problems of incorrect readings in displays, flickering of tubelights etc. Do you know, electrical pollution can be harmful for our lives also?
The document proposes a concept to help reduce smog levels in Delhi using controlled artificial rain. It suggests installing vertical conical tunnels equipped with fans, pipes with shower nozzles, and water collection tanks. The tunnels would suck in polluted air from the bottom, spray it with water droplets of different sizes to "wash" the particulates, and expel cleaner air from the top. Initial trials could be conducted near polluted areas to monitor effectiveness. The author believes cooling tower manufacturers could build these units, which would cost less than 2 lakhs each and treat 1 million cubic meters of air daily. Feedback on this approach is requested.
Properties of Fluids, Fluid Statics, Pressure MeasurementIndrajeet sahu
Properties of Fluids: Density, viscosity, surface tension, compressibility, and specific gravity define fluid behavior.
Fluid Statics: Studies pressure, hydrostatic pressure, buoyancy, and fluid forces on surfaces.
Pressure at a Point: In a static fluid, the pressure at any point is the same in all directions. This is known as Pascal's principle. The pressure increases with depth due to the weight of the fluid above.
Hydrostatic Pressure: The pressure exerted by a fluid at rest due to the force of gravity. It can be calculated using the formula P=ρghP=ρgh, where PP is the pressure, ρρ is the fluid density, gg is the acceleration due to gravity, and hh is the height of the fluid column above the point in question.
Buoyancy: The upward force exerted by a fluid on a submerged or partially submerged object. This force is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object, as described by Archimedes' principle. Buoyancy explains why objects float or sink in fluids.
Fluid Pressure on Surfaces: The analysis of pressure forces on surfaces submerged in fluids. This includes calculating the total force and the center of pressure, which is the point where the resultant pressure force acts.
Pressure Measurement: Manometers, barometers, pressure gauges, and differential pressure transducers measure fluid pressure.
Prediction of Electrical Energy Efficiency Using Information on Consumer's Ac...PriyankaKilaniya
Energy efficiency has been important since the latter part of the last century. The main object of this survey is to determine the energy efficiency knowledge among consumers. Two separate districts in Bangladesh are selected to conduct the survey on households and showrooms about the energy and seller also. The survey uses the data to find some regression equations from which it is easy to predict energy efficiency knowledge. The data is analyzed and calculated based on five important criteria. The initial target was to find some factors that help predict a person's energy efficiency knowledge. From the survey, it is found that the energy efficiency awareness among the people of our country is very low. Relationships between household energy use behaviors are estimated using a unique dataset of about 40 households and 20 showrooms in Bangladesh's Chapainawabganj and Bagerhat districts. Knowledge of energy consumption and energy efficiency technology options is found to be associated with household use of energy conservation practices. Household characteristics also influence household energy use behavior. Younger household cohorts are more likely to adopt energy-efficient technologies and energy conservation practices and place primary importance on energy saving for environmental reasons. Education also influences attitudes toward energy conservation in Bangladesh. Low-education households indicate they primarily save electricity for the environment while high-education households indicate they are motivated by environmental concerns.
We have designed & manufacture the Lubi Valves LBF series type of Butterfly Valves for General Utility Water applications as well as for HVAC applications.
Build the Next Generation of Apps with the Einstein 1 Platform.
Rejoignez Philippe Ozil pour une session de workshops qui vous guidera à travers les détails de la plateforme Einstein 1, l'importance des données pour la création d'applications d'intelligence artificielle et les différents outils et technologies que Salesforce propose pour vous apporter tous les bénéfices de l'IA.
3rd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Advances (AIAD 2024)GiselleginaGloria
3rd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Advances (AIAD 2024) will act as a major forum for the presentation of innovative ideas, approaches, developments, and research projects in the area advanced Artificial Intelligence. It will also serve to facilitate the exchange of information between researchers and industry professionals to discuss the latest issues and advancement in the research area. Core areas of AI and advanced multi-disciplinary and its applications will be covered during the conferences.
Supermarket Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
Supermarket management is a stand-alone J2EE using Eclipse Juno program.
This project contains all the necessary required information about maintaining
the supermarket billing system.
The core idea of this project to minimize the paper work and centralize the
data. Here all the communication is taken in secure manner. That is, in this
application the information will be stored in client itself. For further security the
data base is stored in the back-end oracle and so no intruders can access it.
1. Fire Safety: A Preventive Approach Page 1
Fire Safety: A Preventive Approach
Every time, I read or hear news about a fire accident particularly in a paper mill, I wonder why
adequate research has not been done to avoid such fire accidents for paper mills. Today, we
know a lot about paper, its composition, physical and chemical properties and microstructure
etc. But, have we really studied enough about fire-catching properties of paper?
An earlier publication by me last year, raised the issue of fire accidents in paper mills and
emphasized the need of further research on following points-
-Combustion rates of paper under increased humidity
-Effect of moisture on combustion of paper
That publication is available on Slideshare. Here, I’d like to present how one can plan an action
line for the research on this topic.
Ref: https://www.slideshare.net/deveshksinghal1/firesafety-144578213
The first part is the fire initiation. We need to know and understand how the stored paper and
waste paper catches fire sometimes even without an active flame present in nearby areas.
Have you noticed that in several cases, the fire accidents have been reported in open waste
paper yards where there was no electric supply was available, which could have resulted in a
spark initiating fire? So, why did the fire start? That indicates that some unknown heat source
might be behind such cases. An obvious culprit might be some remote heat source supplying
heat through radiation. Radiant heat is often invisible. Here, we need to know-
Can radiation be used to initiate to initiate a flame? If yes,
How does the radiation behave on different types and grades of paper?
What preventive approaches may be used to avoid accidents due to this?
For the same, a small test tower can be made; maybe of glass, where different grades of paper
strips can be suspended from top. At one side of it, towards the bottom, there is an IR lamp
with a magnifying glass, mounted in such a way that the heat can be supplied in form of IR
radiation to a particular spot on paper strip. At the bottom of the tower, there is also a
provision to supply air of controlled humidity to pre-condition the sample of paper in a short
span of time. Obviously, there must be some flue gases escape from the top of the tower.
2. Fire Safety: A Preventive Approach Page 2
Now, a strip of paper is mounted from the top, it is conditioned for a pre-determined time using
the air with desired humidity, and after the same has been conditioned properly, air supply is
stopped. Now the IR lamp is switched ON. The time to initiate fire and time to reach flame to
top are noted down.
The delay in initiation of fire indicates that the heat required to initiate the fire is high and vice
versa. The experiment may further be improved with different levels of IR Radiation, different
grades of paper, different levels of moisture in paper etc.
Obviously, along with a lot of information, one would get results like high humidity results in
delay in flame initiation. One might also find that after a certain humidity level, it is virtually
impossible to initiate a flame with a low power heat source.
Now, the issue is- Can we maintain that humidity level in nearby atmosphere? Can we maintain
that particular moisture level in paper which acts as a retardant to fire?
In most mills, waste paper stock is spread in different yards, sometimes in open yards,
sometimes with a shed, and sometimes properly covered. The issue is- Can we increase
moisture in waste paper, or can we increase ambient humidity at least in the areas nearing
waste paper storage?
Many mills use water spray over the waste paper in summer season. However, most paper
professionals fear of degradation in paper quality due to repeatedly wetting and drying of
paper. Mills using white grades of raw materials find the brightness reductions while the kraft
based mills observe reduction in strength of paper due to frequent water spraying on waste
paper stock.
Well, in such cases, the use of misting system could be a potential solution. Misting can be done
over the waste paper, and alternatively on the adjacent areas which would do reduce the
ambient temperature in the vicinity of waste paper, as well as over a period of time, the
moisture content of paper will go up.
A few photographs of the misting system are being included here to have an idea-
3. Fire Safety: A Preventive Approach Page 3
Misting for our luxury & comfort? Can it also be used to save waste paper from fire?
Stop fuming, keep your mind and waste paper lots cool with misting!
4. Fire Safety: A Preventive Approach Page 4
Mild fogging, possibly great results!
As obvious, this type of misting can lower down the ambient temperature significantly, without
affecting the quality of waste paper adversely. Not only this, one may consider to use treated
effluent for misting purpose, thus reducing the quantity of treated effluent discharged.
Looking for a No fire accident time for all paper mills!
D K Singhal
Sept 26, 2020
D K
Singhal
Digitally signed
by D K Singhal
Date: 2020.09.26
15:00:24 +05'30'