Finishing and polishing involves cutting, grinding, finishing, and polishing to achieve an aesthetically pleasing restoration. Cutting involves gross material removal using abrasives. Grinding contours the prosthesis using coarser abrasives. Finishing removes defects from contouring using less coarse abrasives. Polishing provides an enamel-like luster using progressively finer polishing media. The design of abrasives, burs, and polishing tools influences the effectiveness and outcomes of finishing and polishing procedures.
It occurs when a hard, rough surface slides along a softer surface and cuts a series of grooves.
The wearing away of a substance or structure through a mechanical process, such as grinding, rubbing or scraping .
Polishing is production of smooth mirror like surface without use of any external form.
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Abrasive and polishing agents/certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian d...Indian dental academy
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
It occurs when a hard, rough surface slides along a softer surface and cuts a series of grooves.
The wearing away of a substance or structure through a mechanical process, such as grinding, rubbing or scraping .
Polishing is production of smooth mirror like surface without use of any external form.
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Abrasive and polishing agents/certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian d...Indian dental academy
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Finishing and polishing materials in Dentistry / dental implant coursesIndian dental academy
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
finishing and polishing materials in dentistry /orthodontic courses by Indian...Indian dental academy
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Finishing and polishing of cast metal framework/prosthodontic coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Finishing & Polishing Materials by Dr Rashid HassanDr Rashid Hassan
A comprehensive lecture on finishing and polishing materials by Dr Rashid Hassan covering all the aspects of the topic from basic concepts to the applications in dentistry.
For more lectures on different topics of Dental Materials by Dr Rashid visit and follow Dr Rashid lectures on Dental Materials on Facebook (dmbydrrashid)
Abrasives and polishing agents of dentistryshari kurup
FACTORS AFFECTING RATE OF ABRASION
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CUTTING, GRINDING & POLISHING METHODS
DESIGN OF ABRASIVE INSTRUMENT
CLASSIFICATION OF ABRASIVES
STEPS IN FINISHING & POLISHING
POLISHING INSTRUMENTS
NON ABRASIVE POLISHING
FINISHING & POLISHING PROCEDURES IN DIFFERENT RESTORATIONS
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS OF THE FINISHING PROCEDURE
CONTRA INDICATIONS OF POLISHING
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Finishing and polishing materials in Dentistry / dental implant coursesIndian dental academy
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
finishing and polishing materials in dentistry /orthodontic courses by Indian...Indian dental academy
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Finishing and polishing of cast metal framework/prosthodontic coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Finishing & Polishing Materials by Dr Rashid HassanDr Rashid Hassan
A comprehensive lecture on finishing and polishing materials by Dr Rashid Hassan covering all the aspects of the topic from basic concepts to the applications in dentistry.
For more lectures on different topics of Dental Materials by Dr Rashid visit and follow Dr Rashid lectures on Dental Materials on Facebook (dmbydrrashid)
Abrasives and polishing agents of dentistryshari kurup
FACTORS AFFECTING RATE OF ABRASION
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CUTTING, GRINDING & POLISHING METHODS
DESIGN OF ABRASIVE INSTRUMENT
CLASSIFICATION OF ABRASIVES
STEPS IN FINISHING & POLISHING
POLISHING INSTRUMENTS
NON ABRASIVE POLISHING
FINISHING & POLISHING PROCEDURES IN DIFFERENT RESTORATIONS
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS OF THE FINISHING PROCEDURE
CONTRA INDICATIONS OF POLISHING
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
2. AIM
To get a prosthesis or restoration i.e.
aesthetically pleasing.
The prosthesis has a self cleansing
property of its own by resisting the
accumulation of food debris.
4. PRINCIPAL OF CUTTING
Cutting is the process of
removing material from
the substrate by the use
of an abrasive
embedded in a binding
matrix.
Cutting refers to gross or
bulk reduction and is the
first step towards getting
the desired shape of the
prosthesis.
5. PRINCIPAL OF GRINDING
Grinding is the process
of removing material
from a substrate by
abrasion with a relatively
coarse material.
Grinding refers to the
contouring of the
prosthesis to its final
desired shape.
6. PRINCIPAL OF FINISHING
Finishing is the process of removing
surface defects or scratches created
during the contouring process through
the use of cutting or grinding instrument.
Finishing is carried out with relatively
less coarse material. A 16 or 18 flute
carbide bur is preferred for smoother
finish.
7. PRINCIPAL OF POLISHING
The purpose of polishing is to provide an
enamel like luster to the restoration.
While polishing each step is followed by
the use of progressively finer polishing
media until no further improvement in
surface finish is observed.
8. PRINCIPAL OF BUR DESIGNING
BUR : Bur is the term
applied to all rotary
cutting instruments
that have bladed
cutting heads.
Two designs that have
considerable effect on
bur performance are;
1. Spiral angle
2. Crosscut
9. SPIRAL ANGLE
Spiral angle is the
angle formed by bur
blade and the long
axis of the bur.
Burs with spiral
design works like a
reel type lawn
mower used for
cutting the grass.
10. SPIRAL ANGLE
As the instrument rotates each blade is
brought into contact with the tooth
Surface at one end first rather than all
points simultaneously.
In this fashion each blade starts cutting
before the preceding blade has finished
and thus the cutting action is more
smooth and uniform.
11. SPIRAL ANGLE
Spiral angle also makes the motion of
the bur not exactly at right angles to the
substrate thus producing a slicing action
and causing chipping off of the substrate.
This promotes chip clearance thus
avoiding a three body abrasive action.
12. CROSSCUT
Crosscut bur designs have notches in
the blade edges to increase cutting
effectiveness at slow and medium
speeds.
Notches in two successive blades are
not in line with each other so as the first
blade passes it leaves a dig in the
substrate surface that is cleared by he
following blade.
13. BUR DESIGN
The cutting edges of a bur are called as
blades.
The depression area between two
successive blades is called as flutes.
1. The lesser the no. of flutes the more is
bulk reduction but there is less finish.
2. The more the no. of flutes the better is
the finish.
14. BLADE DESIGN
Each blade has two faces:
1. Rake Face :This is the face that is in
direction of rotation and makes contact with
tooth structure before removal.
2. Clearance Face: The face of the blade that
follows the edge of the blade as the bur
rotates is known as clearance face. This face
removes the chipped off material.
15. BLADE ANGLES
Blade design
consists of three
basic angles:
1. Rake Angle
2. Clearance angle
3. Edge angle
16. Points To Ponder
Negative rake angle helps remove hard
material.
Edge angle is related to the resistance of
the blade to fracture.
Clearance angle provides a stop to the
digging of the of bur in substrate and
clears chips from the substrate. It also
reduces friction.
17. ABRASION
Abrasion is the wearing off of the
surface particles of a substrate when it
is brought in contact with a material
having a higher hardness index.
Abrasion can be:
1. Two body abrasion
2. Three body abrasion
18. ABRASION
Two body abrasion occurs when
abrasive particles are firmly attached to
the surface of the abrasive instrument
and no other abrasive particle is used.
Three body abrasion occurs when
abrading particles are free to translate
between two surfaces.
22. ABRASIVE INSTRUMENT DESIGN
ABRASIVE GRIT: they are derived from
materials that have been crushed and
passed through a series of mesh screens to
obtain different particle size. They are
classified as coarse, medium coarse, fine
and superfine.
24. ABRASIVE INSTRUMENT DESIGN
BONDED ABRASIVE
Bonded abrasive consist of
abrasive particles that
incorporated through a binder
to form grinding tools such as
points, wheels, separating
disks, coated thin disks.
Particle are bonded by four
methods
Sintering
Vitreous bonding
Bonding resinoid
Rubber bonding
25. ABRASIVE INSTRUMENT DESIGN
ABRASIVE DISKS
Abrasive disks are used for gross
reduction, containing finishing and
polishing of restorative surfaces.
ABRASIVE STRIPS
Abrasive strip’s are used to smoother
and polish the proximal surfaces of a/c
direct and indirect bonded restorations.
26. ABRASIVE INSTRUMENT DESIGN
SINTERED
ABRASIVE
Sintered abrasive
are the strongest
type because the
abrasive particle are
fused together.
27. ABRASIVE INSTRUMENT DESIGN
VITREOUS – BONDED
ABRASIVES
Vitreous – bonded
abrasives are mixed with
a glossy or ceramic
matrix material, cold
pressed to the
instrument shape and
fixed to fused binder.
28. ABRASIVE INSTRUMENT DESIGN
RESIN BONDED ABRASIVES
Resin bonded abrasives are cold
pressed or hot pressed and then heated
to cure the resin. Hot pressing has an
advantage as it yields an abrasive binder
with extremely low porosity.
29. ABRASIVE
A bonded abrasive
instrument
undergoes two
processes to
achieve its
maximum cutting
efficiency:
1. Truing
2. Dressing
procedure
30. TRUING
Truing is the
procedure through
which the abrasive
instrument is run
against a harder
abrasive block until
the instrument
rotates without
eccentricity or run
out.
31. DRESSING PROCEDURE
Dressing procedure is same as truing.
It serves two functions:
1. It reduces the instrument to its correct
working size and shape.
2. It is used to remove clogged debris
from the abrasive instrument.
32. ABRASIVE BLINDING
Abrasive blinding refers to the clogging
of the abrasive instrument with debris .
It occurs when the debris generated from
the grinding occludes the small spaces
between the abrasive particles on the
tool and reduces the depth to which the
material can penetrate.
33. NON – BONDED ABRASIVES
Non bonded abrasive work on the
principal of three body abrasion.
Polishing pastes are an example of non
– bonded abrasive. They are used
primarily as fine polishing materials.
They need to be applied to the substrate
with a non- abrasive instrument such as
rubber cup.
34. ABRASIVE MOTION
The motion of
abrasive instrument
are classified as :
1. Rotor
2. Planar
3. Reciprocal
35. TYPES OF ABRASIVE
ARKANSAS STONE Arkansas stone is
a semi translucent rock. It contains
microcrystalline quartz and is dense,
hard and uniformly textured. This mineral
is attached to metal shanks and trued to
various shapes for fine grinding of tooth
enamel and metal alloys.
36. CHALK
One of the mineral forms of
calcite a white abrasive
composed of calcium
carbonate. It is used as a
prime polishing abrasive in
polishing paste.
37. NATURAL DIAMOND
Diamond is transparent,
colorless, and mineral
composed of carbon.
Diamond abrasives are
supplied in several
forms including bonded
abrasive rotary
instruments, flexible
metal – backed abrasive
strips and diamond
polishing paste.
38. SYNTHETIC DIAMOND ABRASIVES
They have the advantage that we can
control and uniform the size and shape
of the particle. Also they are
comparatively cheaper than the natural
form of diamond.
It is used in dental burs for cavity cutting,
diamond abrasive for finishing of metal
castings and polishing pastes .
39. EMERY
Emery is used
predominantly in the
form of coated
abrasive disks and is
available in a variety
of grit sizes. It may
be used for finishing
metal alloys or
acrylic resin
materials.
40. GARNET
Garnet includes a number of different minerals
that posses similar physical properties and
crystalline forms. These minerals are silicates
of aluminum, cobalt, iron, magnesium and
manganese. Garnet is extremely hard and
when fractured during the grinding operation
forms sharp, chisel shaped plates, making if a
highly effective abrasive. It is used in grinding
metal alloys and acrylic resin materials.
41. PUMICE
Flour of pumice is an
extremely fine – grained
volcanic rock derivative
that is used in polishing
tooth enamel, gold foil,
dental amalgam and
acrylic resin.
42. QUARTZ
Quartz crystalline
particles are
pulverized to form
sharp, angular
particles that are
useful in making
coated abrasive
disks. They are
primarily used to
finish metal alloys.
43. SAND
Sand is a mixture of
small particles
predominantly
composed of silica.
Sand particle have
rounded to angular
shape. They are applied
under air pressure to
remove refractory
investment materials
from base metal alloys
casting.
44. TRIPOLI
This abrasive is derived from a
siliceous sedimentary rock. The
rock is grained into very fine
particles and formed with soft
binders into burs of polishing
compound. It is used for polishing
metal alloys and acrylic resin
materials.
45. ZIRCONIUM SILICATE
This material is ground to various
particle sizes and is used to make
coated abrasive disks and strips. It is
frequently used as a component of
dental prophylaxis paste.
46. SILICON CARBIDE
Silicon carbide is extremely
hard & brittle. Particles are
sharp and they break to form
new sharp materials. This
results in highly efficient cutting
of a wide variety of materials
including metal alloys,
ceramics and acrylic resin
materials.
47. ALUMINUM OXIDE
Aluminum oxide is widely used in
dentistry to make bonded
abrasives, coated abrasives and air
– propelled grit abrasives. Sintered
AlO2 is used to make white stones
which are popular for finishing metal
alloys, resin – based composites
and ceramic materials.
48. TIN OXIDE
In oxide is an
extremely fine
abrasive used
extensively as a
polishing agent for
polishing teeth and
metallic restorations
in mouth.
49. ABRASIVE PASTE
Diamond particles or
AIO2 are most
commonly used
abrasive in dental
polishing paste.
Aluminum paste should
be used with a rotor
instrument and
increasing amounts of
water as polishing
proceeds from coarser
to finer abrasives.
50. AIR ABRASIVE TECHNOLOGY
Air abrasive technology can deliver a fine
precisely controlled high pressure stream
of aluminum oxide to remove enamel,
dentin and restorative materials.
It has an advantage that it produces less
heat and vibration thus chances of
chipping or micro fracture are less.
51. BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS
Dental technicians working in dental
labs. Are at high risk to:
Silicosis; is a fibrotic pulmonary disease
that severely debilitates the lungs and
increases the risk of lung cancer.
Beriliosis: allergy from beryllium, it
causes enlargement of alveoli in lungs.
Also it is a known carcinogen.
52. To overcome the problem aerosols can be
controlled by :
With suction machines attached to
finishing and polishing machines.
With the use of disinfectants, gloves
masks and head caps.
Maintaining proper air cross ventilation
and sanitization.
With the use of face screens and
goggles.
53. BIBLIOGRAPHY
Philips Science of Dental Material-11th
edition.
The art and science of operative
dentistry- Clliford M. Sturdevant.