Find an example of a discrete random variable X having the following.pdf
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Find an example of a discrete random variable X having the following property: Let X1 and X2 be independent and identical to X. Then Z = |X1 X2| is also identical to X. Solution Let X1 and X2 iid Bernoullie (0.5) trials, P(X1=0) = P(X1=1) = P(X2=0) = P(X2=1) = 0.5 Now, P(Z=0) = P(X1=X2) = P(X1=X2=0) + P(X1=X2=1) = (0.25*0.25)+(0.25*0.25) = 0.5 And P(Z=1) = 1 - P(Z=0 ) = 1-0.5 = 0.5 (because Z can only take value 0 or 1. Therefore Z is identical to X.
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Which of the following is incorrect about emergent properties?
A. They can be inferred just by studying the individual parts.
B. They emerge as individual components organized into complex systems.
C. They result from the way in which individual components interact.
D. They are in part responsible for the complexity of living systems.
Solution
A. They can be inferred just by studying the individual parts. -----> FALSE
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Solution
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Options::
Two correct options are not provided
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PETS has a 1 e- carrier to transfer electrons from PSII to PSI, but METS uses a 2 e- carrier to
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METS is dependent on a source of reducing power obtained from dietary nutrients, whereas
PETS obtains reducing power from light energy and the process of photooxidation.
The inner mitochondrial membrane is impermeable to protons, but the thylakoid membrane is
permeable to protons.
The electron carriers in METS use only Fe and S centers, whereas the electron carriers in PETS
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Chemical energy captured by METS and oxidative phosphorylation is limited to ATP, whereas
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PETS uses the PQ cycle to translocate protons across the thylakoid membrane, whereas the Q
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Electrons are transferred by redox reactions in METS but not in PETS.
PETS has a 1 e- carrier to transfer electrons from PSII to PSI, but METS uses a 2 e- carrier to
transfer electrons from Complex III to Complex IV.
METS is dependent on a source of reducing power obtained from dietary nutrients, whereas
PETS obtains reducing power from light energy and the process of photooxidation.
The inner mitochondrial membrane is impermeable to protons, but the thylakoid membrane is
permeable to protons.
The electron carriers in METS use only Fe and S centers, whereas the electron carriers in PETS
only use Cu centers.
Chemical energy captured by METS and oxidative phosphorylation is limited to ATP, whereas
PETS and photophosphorylation together capture energy in the form of ATP and NADPH.
PETS uses the PQ cycle to translocate protons across the thylakoid membrane, whereas the Q
cycle in METS is used to tether cytochrome c to the inter-membrane space.
Solution
The two options are true
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potential for the application occurring is
The disclosure of a contingent liability in the footnotes and on the balance sheet indicates that the
potential for the application occurring is
Solution
Answer
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Solution
a)
The predominant architectural paradigms are:
1)Client-Server architecture
2)P2P architecture
3)Hybrid arcitecture.
Characteristics:
Client-Server architecture:
1)There is an always-on host, called the \"server\", whichservices requests from many other
hosts, called \"clients\".
2)The client-server architecture, clients do not directlycommunicate with each other.
3)Another characteristic of the client-server architecture isthat the server has a fixed, well known
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P2P architecture:
1)There is minimal(or no) reliance on always-on infrastructureservers. Instead the application
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2)The most compelling features of P2P architectures is theirself-scalability.
3)P2P architectures are also cost effective, since theynormally don\'t require significant server
infrastructure and serverbandwidth.
4)The features of P2P applications are ISP friendly,securityand incentives.
5)Most popular and traffic-intensive applications are based onP2P architectures. It\'s include file
distribution (e.g.BitTorrent), file sharing(e.g. eMule and Lime Wire) and Internettelephony
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Suppose a company’s ROE is 16. This company’s payout ratio is 40. .pdf
Suppose a company’s ROE is 16%. This company’s payout ratio is 40%. The required rate of
return on the stock is 15%. What is the sustainable growth rate of this company?
Solution
Retention ratio=1-payout ratio
=1-0.4
=0.6
Sustainable growth rate=(ROE*Retention ratio)/[1-(ROE*Retention ratio)]
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which is equal to
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Most evolutionary scientists would agree that evolution has led to increased complexity of life on
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Select one:
True
False
Rice has a genome size of about 420-460 million base pairs while humans have a genome size of
about 3 billion base pairs. Of the following, which is a possible reason for this difference?
Select one:
a. Humans are more complex morphologically.
b. Rice is a plant, while humans are animals.
c. Humans have more genes than rice.
d. The human genome has a lot of mobile genetic elements.
e. The vertebrate lineage has a longer evolutionary history.
Solution
Answer A)Darwin\'s theory is based on natural selection and the servival of fittest.
According to the theory the characteristics which are best fitted transfer to the next progeny.
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the competition and get selected by nature to reproduce.
Acquired characters of a species throughout its lifetime pass to its progeny through genetic
material.Thus over a period of time due to accumulation of characteristics a new species evolve.
Darwin\'s could not account for either mechanism for trait (character) transmission or the basis
of variability among individual.
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This theory is support Darwin s view on transmission acquired characters to next generation. But
all acquired characters do not pass to next generation only useful character transmite to next
generation.
It supports the natural selection theory too.
Points support Darwin theory-
1)Naturally selected animals are able to reproduce and transmit Acquired character to next
generation.
2)Survival of fittest
3) acquired characters transfer through genetic material.
Points of psuedo Darwinian theory not support Darwin theory-
1) All acquired characters do not transmit to next generation only useful character transmite.
2) Genes for the useful character can transfer trait if present in genital pole.
3)Human races are separate species which is rejected by Darwin.
4) Language evolve from speachless pre human.which is not mentioned in Darwin theory.
Answer 2)
E) The vertibrate lineage has a longer evolutionary history.
Vertibrates evolve from their ancestors contain large number of genes and thus large size of
genome because throughout the evolutionary period many characters are acquired in terms of
separate gene. More gene results in more complex structure ..
Please research Meaningful Use. Prepare a brief report on its origin.pdf
Please research Meaningful Use. Prepare a brief report on its origin, its purpose, how it is
conducted, etc. Please make sure you understand and explain the three different stages.
Solution
Meaningful Use(MU)
Purpose: The concept of meaningful use rested on the \'5 pillars\' of health outcomes policy
priorities, namely:
->Improving quality, safety, efficiency, and reducing health disparities
->Engage patients and families in their health
->Improve care coordination
->Improve population and public health
->Ensure adequate privacy and security protection for personal health information
Origin:
The American Reinvestment & Recovery Act (ARRA) was enacted on February 17, 2009.
ARRA includes many measures to modernize our nation\'s infrastructure,
one of which is the \"Health Information Technology for Economic and
Clinical Health (HITECH) Act\". The HITECH Act supports the concept of
electronic health records - meaningful use [EHR-MU], an effort led by
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS ) and the Office of the
National Coordinator for Health IT (ONC). HITECH proposes the meaningful
use of interoperable electronic health records throughout the United States
health care delivery system as a critical national goal. Meaningful Use is
defined by the use of certified EHR technology in a meaningful manner
(for example electronic prescribing); ensuring that the certified EHR
technology is connected in a manner that provides for the electronic
exchange of health information to improve the quality of care; and that
in using certified EHR technology the provider must submit to the Secretary
of Health & Human Services (HHS) information on quality of care and other measures.
How its conducted:
As in order to encourage widespread EHR adoption, promote innovation and to avoid
imposing excessive burden on healthcare providers, meaningful use was showcased
as a phased approach, which is divided into three stages which span 2011
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for the Medicare providers and $63,750 over 6 years for Medicaid providers
(starting in 2011). Participation in the CMS EHR incentive program is totally
voluntary, however if EPs or EHs fail to join in by 2015, there will be negative
adjustments to their Medicare/Medicaid fees starting at 1% reduction and escalating
to 3% reduction by 2017 and beyond.
The CDC currently offers several types of technical assistance to state and
local health departments related to Meaningful Use, including:
->Meaningful Use Public Health Technical Assistance Team - To request assistance
from this team, email meaningfuluse@cdc.gov with “Request for Technical Assistance”
in the Subject line.The CDC National Program of Cancer Registries provides support
and tools for cancer registries. For more info visit its official website
->The CDC Immunization Information Systems Support Branch (IISSB) provides technic.
Mention the major difference in the physical phenomena occurring rel.pdf
Mention the major difference in the physical phenomena occurring related to heat transfer in
external flow as opposed to internal flow.
Solution
Heat transfer is the exchange of thermal energy between physical systems. The rate ofheat
transfer is dependent on the temperatures of the systems and the properties of the intervening
medium through which the heat is transferred. The three fundamental modes of heat transfer are
conduction, convection and radiation.
On a microscopic scale, heat conduction occurs as hot, rapidly moving or vibrating atoms and
molecules interact with neighboring atoms and molecules, transferring some of their energy
(heat) to these neighboring particles. In other words, heat is transferred by conduction when
adjacent atoms vibrate against one another, or as electrons move from one atom to another.
Conduction is the most significant means of heat transfer within a solid or between solid objects
in thermal contact. Fluids—especially gases—are less conductive.Thermal contact conductance
is the study of heat conduction between solid bodies in contact.
Convection
The flow of fluid may be forced by external processes, or sometimes (in gravitational fields) by
buoyancy forces caused when thermal energy expands the fluid (for example in a fire plume),
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convective processes also move heat partly by diffusion, as well. Another form of convection is
forced convection. In this case the fluid is forced to flow by use of a pump, fan or other
mechanical means.
Convective heat transfer, or convection, is the transfer of heat from one place to another by the
movement of fluids, a process that is essentially the transfer of heat via mass transfer. Bulk
motion of fluid enhances heat transfer in many physical situations, such as (for example)
between a solid surface and the fluid. Convection is usually the dominant form of heat transfer in
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My code is not matching up with the results.The output for the cod.pdf
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Teacher: Paul Tan(8 sunset way)
IM101 added.
IM102 added.
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IM101 removed.
IM101 removed.
IM102 removed.
IM102 cannot be removed.
Person class:
public class Person {
private String name;
private String address;
public Person(String name, String address) {
this.name = name;
this.address = address;
}
public Person(String address){
this.address = address;
}
public String getName(){
return name;
}
public String getAddress(){
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}
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}
public String toString() {
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}
Teacher sub class
import java.util.ArrayList;
public class Teacher extends Person {
private int numCourses = 0;
private ArrayList courses = new ArrayList();
public Teacher(String name, String address){
super(name,address);
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return \"Teacher: \" + super.toString();
}
public boolean addCourse (String course){
for (int i = 0; i < numCourses; i++) {
if (courses.get(i).equals(course))
return false;
}
courses.add(course);
numCourses++;
return true;
}
public boolean removeCourse (String course){
boolean found = false;
int courseIndex = -1;
for (int j = 0; j < numCourses; j++) {
if (courses.get(j).equals(course)) {
courseIndex = j;
found = true;
break;
}
}
if (found) {
for (int k = courseIndex; k < numCourses-1; k++) {
courses.get(k+1);
}
numCourses--;
return true;
}
else {
return false;
}
}
}
Person Launcer
System.out.println(\"\ \");
System.out.println(\">>> Test Teacher class\");
Teacher tch = new Teacher (\"Paul Tan\", \"8 sunset way\");
System.out.println(tch);
String[] courses = {\"IM101\", \"IM102\", \"IM101\"};
for (String course: courses) {
if (tch.addCourse(course)) {
System.out.println(course + \" added.\");
} else {
System.out.println(course + \" cannot be added.\");
}
}
for (String course: courses) {
if (tch.removeCourse(course)) {
System.out.println(course + \" removed.\");
} else {
System.out.println(course + \" cannot be removed.\");
}
}
System.out.println(\"\ \");
Solution
// edit the below method like this :
public boolean removeCourse (String course){
boolean found = false;
int courseIndex = -1;
for (int j = 0; j < numCourses; j++) {
if (courses.get(j).equals(course)) {
courseIndex = j;
found = true;
break;
}
}
if (found) {
courses.remove(course);
numCourses--;
return true;
}
else {
return false;
}
}.
Logical FallociesP1 All college students have pet monkeys.P2 J.pdf
Logical Fallocies
P1: All college students have pet monkeys.
P2: Janice is a college student.
C: Janice has a pet monkey.
Valid and Sound
Valid but not Sound
Not Valid, but Sound
Not Valid, Not Sound.
The answer Valid and Sound was found the be the wrong answer. Please give correct answer.
and reason why.
Solution
Based on the premise that all college students have pet monkeys , as Janice is a college student,
must have a pet monkey is valid , but it is unlikely , so the correct answer is VALID BUT NOT
SOUND..
IP Security One problem with Internet protocol (IP) is that it has.pdf
IP Security
One problem with Internet protocol (IP) is that it has no method for confirming the authenticity
and security of data as it moves through the net. IP datagrams are typically routed between
devices over disparate networks; as a result, information within these datagrams could be
intercepted and altered. As use of the Internet for critical applications has increased, the need for
enhancements to IP security became necessary. As a result, the Internet Engineering Task Force
(IETF) created a set of protocols called IP Security, or IPsec, to support the secure exchange of
packets over the Internet. IPsec is now a mandatory component of IPv6 and must be supported
for any IPv6 implementation. IPsec is implemented in IPv6 using the authentication header (AH)
and the encapsulating security payload (ESP) extension header.
Answer the following questions in a 3- to 4-page, APA-formatted paper:
1 What is IPsec, and why is it necessary? How is IPsec used in VPN?
2 Which network layer currently suffers from attacks, and why? At which layers of the
network stack architecture should a solution be attempted? Provide details.
3 How is IP security achieved? What is the basic authentication scheme? Which mechanisms
are used? What are some of the application venues of IPsec?
4 How is a VPN implemented on a server so that its clients can connect to it?
Remember to properly cite your sources according to APA guidelines.
Solution
IPSec
IPsec also known as IP Security.Internet Protocol Security is a framework for a set of protocols
that provide security for internet protocol. It can use cryptography to provide security. IPsec
support network level data integrity, data confidentiality. As it is integrated at the internet layer
(i.e. layer 3), it provides security for all the protocols in the TCP/IP. IPsec applied transparently
to the applications, there is no need to configure separate security for each application the uses
TCP/IP.
IPsec provides security for
IPsec provides two choices of security service: Authentication Header (AH), which essentially
allows authentication of the sender of data, and Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP), which
supports both authentication of the sender and encryption of data as well. The specific
information associated with each of these services is inserted into the packet in a header that
follows the IP packet header. Separate key protocols can be selected, such as the
ISAKMP/Oakley protocol.
IPsec is necessary for
Earlier security approaches have inserted security at the Application layer of the communications
model. IPsec is said to be especially useful for implementing virtual private networks and for
remote user access through dial-up connection to private networks. A big advantage of IPsec is
that security arrangements can be handled without requiring changes to individual user
computers. Cisco has been a leader in proposing IPsec as a standard (or combination of standards
and technologies) and has included support fo.
Genmo CorporationOn the night of February 27, 2012, certain recor.pdf
Genmo Corporation*
On the night of February 27, 2012, certain records of the Genmo Corporation were accidentally
destroyed by fire. Two days after that the principal owner had an appointment with an investor to
discuss the possible sale of the company. The owner needed as much information as could be
gathered for this purpose, recognizing that over a longer period of time a more complete
reconstruction would be possible.
On the morning of February 28, the following were available: (1) A balance sheet as of
December 31, 2010, and an income statement for 2010 (Exhibit 1) and (2) certain fragmentary
data and ratios that had been calculated from the current financial statements (Exhibit 2). The
statements themselves had been destroyed in the fire. (In ratios involving balance sheet amounts,
Genmo used yearend amounts rather than an average.) And (3) the following data (in thousands):
2011 revenues.............................................................. $10,281
Current liabilities, December 31, 2011 ......................... 2,285
EXHIBIT 1 Genmo Corporation Financial Statements
(thousands of dollars)
BALANCE SHEET
As of December 31, 2010
Assets
Current assets: Cash................................................................ $ 18
Marketable securities..................................... 494
Accounts receivable...................................... 728
Inventories...................................................... 972
Prepaid expenses........................................... 214
Total current assets..................................... 2,426
Investments……………………………………………. 898
Real estate, plant, and equipment........................... $4,727
Less: Accumulated depreciation..................... 2,433 2,294
Special tools............................................................. 171
Goodwill................................................................... 594
Total assets.............................................................. $6,383
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity
Current liabilities: Accounts payable............................................. $ 732
Loans payable.................................................. 266
Accrued liabilities.............................................. 1,232
Total current liabilities............................. 2,230
Long-term debt.......................................................... 250
Other noncurrent liabilities......................................... 951
Total liabilities............................................................ 3,431
Shareholders’ equity: Preferred stock................................................. 25
Common stock................................................. 54
Additional paid-in capital.................................. 667
Retained earnings............................................ 2,206
Total shareholders’ equity....................... 2,952
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity.................... $6,383
Income Statement, 2010
Total revenu.
In the formula for determining a populations genotype frequencies, .pdf
In the formula for determining a population\'s genotype frequencies, the pq in the term 2pq is
necessary because the population is diploid. heterozygotes can come about in two ways. the
population is doubling in number. heterozygotes have two alleles. What is the founder effect? a
selection of the best-suited traits for the environment a series of chance events that change allele
frequency when a few individuals become isolated from a larger population, and their gene pool
differs from that source population a sudden change in the environment that reduces the size of
the population Which of the following activities occurs first in order to begin speciation? single
gene change formation of mechanical barrier to reproduction postzygotic hybrid sterility in
Drosophila interruption of gene flow between two populations A genetic change that caused a
certain Hox gene to be expressed along the tip of a vertebrate limb bud instead of farther back
helped make possible the evolution of the tetrapod limb. This type of change is illustrative of the
influence of environment on development. paedomorphosis. A change in a developmental gene
or in its regulation that altered the spatial organization of body parts. heterochrony. Which of
the following statements about dinoflagellates is true? They possess two flagella. All known
varieties are autotrophic. Their walls are usually composed of silica plates. Many types lack
mitochondria. Their dead cells accumulate on the seafloor and are mined to serve as a filtering
material.
Solution
Ans. 6: pq in the term 2pq is necessary because heterozygoted have two alleles, hence option D
is correct.
Ans. 7: Founder\'s effect is when few individuals separate from large population and their gene
pool differs from source population. Hence option C is correct.
Ans. 8: interruption of gene flow between two population is first step for speciation hence option
D is correct.
Ans. 9: the given process is best explained by option C.
Ans. 10: option E is more correct amongst the given options..
How is a cell membrane selectively permeable - what permeates and.pdf
How is a cell membrane selectively permeable - what permeates and what does not? How is a
dialysis membrane selectively permeable - what Dermeates and what does not?
Solution
The cell membrane is said to be selectively permeable as it allow some substances to enter
through while limiting the passage of others. Three ways in which the cell membrane controls
the movement of substances is diffusion, facilitated diffusion and active transport.
The cell membrane, or plasma membrane has lipid bilayer with their hydrophobic tails facing
each other and their hydrophilic heads in the exterior and interior of the cell membrane.
With diffusion, substances such as water, oxygen and carbon dioxide flow from a place of high
concentration to a place of low concentration.
In facilitated diffusion, ions and large molecules pass thru a membrane down their concentration
gradients.
Active transport require energy to power the pumps that pass substances from one side of the
membrane to the other in opposition to their concentration gradients. For example, the sodium-
potassium pump pumps 3 sodium ions out and 2 potassium ions into the cell using the ATP.
This dialysis membrane is selectively permeable regenerated cellulose used to illustrate the
principles of osmosis and diffusion.
Pores within the membrane allow the passage of water, most ions, and small molecules.
High molecular weight debris along with starch, polysaccharides, fats and protein are limited..
How does apoptosis contribute to development of an organismSolu.pdf
How does apoptosis contribute to development of an organism?
Solution
Apoptosis also known as programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms. A cell
undergoes various biochemical changes during apoptosis such as cell shrinkage, nuclear
fragmentation, chromatin condensation, DNA fragmentation, and mRNA decay etc. Apoptosis
plays a very an important role not only in development but in survival of the organism.
Followings are few examples of apoptosis:
1. During brain development half of the neurons undergo death due to apoptosis.
2. Loss of vertebrate tail during human fetal development.
3. Loss of mesenchyme between the digits is because of apoptosis.
4. Removal of abnormal cells/ damaged cell that can cause cancer due to apoptosis.
In human embryonic development and differentiation depends on cell division and cell death
(apoptosis). Apoptosis separates or splits tissue layers, tissue layer fusion, open lumens, vestigial
organ removal etc. Apoptosis also remove over produces cells of immune system (those produce
unstable antibodies) and nervous system..
How are mobilehandheld browsers different from the traditional desk.pdf
How are mobile/handheld browsers different from the traditional desktops?
Solution
The mobile/handheld browsers are different from the traditional desktops due to the following
features:
As the handheld devices are restricted to various technical and physical boundaries users are
allowed to spend more time browsing on their PC rather than their smart phone. Browsing on
smart phone is efficient only if it is for short period of time, for time taking actions PC’s are
chosen as they offer easier browsing..
Explain what might be the result if the kinetochore microtubules file.pdf
Explain what might be the result if the kinetochore microtubules filed to function in anaphase.
Click here to enter text.
Solution
If the Kinetochore Microtubulkes failed to function in anaphase ,the chromatid would not be
separated and does not move towards the spindle.poles.
(During 1st stage of anaphase the kinetochore retract pulling the two sister chromatid apart
towards the poles.During the seconbd stage the mitotic poles that is mared by the chromosome
themselves separate by the elongation of specific type of non-kinetochore microtubules called
polar -microtubules).
Complete answers or none , and please read questionCreate an elem.pdf
Complete answers or none , and please read question:
Create an elementary PROLOG knowledge base, describing following relations:
1. John, Fred and Harry are men, Mary, Julie, Susan and Anne are women.
2. John has blonde hair while Fred and Harry have dark hair.
3. Julie and Susan are blonde, Mary and Anne are brunette.
4. Rich is each person who owns the gold - Fred and Julie in our example.
Solution
a. Who is male?
b. Who does John like?
c. Who does Mary like?
d. Does Julie like anyone?.
Do you believe it is possible to have effective overall management i.pdf
Do you believe it is possible to have effective overall management in a decentralized company?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of decentralization? Does a company getting so large
that it has to decentralize play a part in the gap between financial goals and actual ones? Please
give personal opinion, experience and cite information gathered through research of existing
companies’ experiences.
Solution
A. Yes decentralisation enhances effective overall management.
B. Advantages of decentralisation are as follows:
1. There is effecient and quick and quick decision making since chain for approval is short and
decisions are taken considering operational level challenges.
2. There is ease in expansion since chief executive director and team can focus on expansion
strategies.
3. It empower employees to make active participation and focus on companies growth as well.
4. It prepares employees and managers for emergency decision making where Business Owner
might not be available..
Disadvantages:
1. Each department becomes self centered focusing only on their own growth and not company.
2. Decentralization increases the problem of co-ordination among the various units.
3. It increases the administrative expenses because highly-paid managers have to be appointed.
4. There shall not be uniformity in policies and actions, since each manager will form his own
genius in designing them.
C. Decentralisation doesn’t part a gap between financial goals and actual ones provided profits
from each decentralised department are reviewed quarterly.
D. Johnson and Johnson is a decentralised company and doing well..
Describe WMANs, the technologies used to implement them, and where t.pdf
Describe WMANs, the technologies used to implement them, and where they are predominantly
used (paragraph)
Solution
WMAN stands for Wireless Metropolitan Area Network. The technology of WMAN consist of
ATM, FDDI, and SMDS. WMAN provide dissimilar applications with different QoS
requirements. WMAN opens the door for the creation and Provide high-speed Internet access to
business subscribers. The standard of MAN is DQDB which cover up to 30 miles with the speed
of 34 Mbit/s to 155 Mbit/s.1t is more common in education systems and public services support
a high-speed network backbone. MAN is used for communication to compare LAN. It can
handle thousands of user stations with prevents collisions and support legacy voice systems,
voice over IP, TCP/IP. WMANs can employ vendor-specific proprietary equipment and
associated technologies or they can be constructed according to IEEE standards.It is fixed
wireless between homes and businesses and the internet. International Interoperability for
Microwave Access (WiMAX) is a recent wireless broadband standard that has promised high
bandwidth over long-range transmission..
Discuss the specific properties of the 5 classes of Immunoglobulins .pdf
Discuss the specific properties of the 5 classes of Immunoglobulins and the specific component
parts that each have (i.e., J chain, SC protein, CDR regions, ITAM regions, complement
activation, allotype variation).
Solution
Generally there are 5 classes of immunoglobins, and they are IgG, IgM,IgA, IgD and IgE.
IgG
It is the major immunoglobin present in the serum almost about 75 % of immunoglobin in serum
is IgG. Its an important antibody in secondary immune response. It promotes opsonization and
fixes complement and also enhances phagocytosis.
IgM
It is the third most common immunoglobin in the serum. It is the first immunoglobin to be made
by the fetus. It has a pentameric structure. The pentamer has a J chain. Most capable of
complement fixation, agglutination. Present mainly on B cells and effective against viruses and
bacteria. IgM have about 60 CDR’s.
IgA
Secretory immunoglobin mainly present in tears, saliva, colostrum and helps in removal of
microbes from mucous membrane. Consist of 2 heavy chains and two light chains joined by a J
chain. It does not fix complement. Colostrum is having abundant IgA. SC protein is a part of
IgA.
IgD
Present in low levels in serum and found on B cell surface. Exist as monomers. Complement
binding is not done by IgD. The exact function of this class is still not known precisely.
IgE
Monomeric in nature and least amounts are present. Responsible for allergic reactions. Present in
skin and lungs. Do not fix complement. Effective against parasites in the body. Commonly
related to diseases like asthma.
CDR’s:
Except IgM all other antibodies have 12 CDR’s. Since IgM is a pentameric molecule it has about
60 CDR’s.
ITAM regions:
These are motifs present in the Fc receptors of immunoglobin molecule.
Allotype:
Allele of the antibody chains is termed as allotype..
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold Method
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
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The mitochondrial electron transport system (METS) and the photos.pdf
The mitochondrial electron transport system (METS) and the photosynthetic electron transport
system (PETS) are similar in many ways. In what way(s) are they different? If there are two
correct answers, then choose both, otherwise choose \"two correct answers are not provided.\"
Options::
Two correct options are not provided
Electrons are transferred by redox reactions in METS but not in PETS.
PETS has a 1 e- carrier to transfer electrons from PSII to PSI, but METS uses a 2 e- carrier to
transfer electrons from Complex III to Complex IV.
METS is dependent on a source of reducing power obtained from dietary nutrients, whereas
PETS obtains reducing power from light energy and the process of photooxidation.
The inner mitochondrial membrane is impermeable to protons, but the thylakoid membrane is
permeable to protons.
The electron carriers in METS use only Fe and S centers, whereas the electron carriers in PETS
only use Cu centers.
Chemical energy captured by METS and oxidative phosphorylation is limited to ATP, whereas
PETS and photophosphorylation together capture energy in the form of ATP and NADPH.
PETS uses the PQ cycle to translocate protons across the thylakoid membrane, whereas the Q
cycle in METS is used to tether cytochrome c to the inter-membrane space.
Electrons are transferred by redox reactions in METS but not in PETS.
PETS has a 1 e- carrier to transfer electrons from PSII to PSI, but METS uses a 2 e- carrier to
transfer electrons from Complex III to Complex IV.
METS is dependent on a source of reducing power obtained from dietary nutrients, whereas
PETS obtains reducing power from light energy and the process of photooxidation.
The inner mitochondrial membrane is impermeable to protons, but the thylakoid membrane is
permeable to protons.
The electron carriers in METS use only Fe and S centers, whereas the electron carriers in PETS
only use Cu centers.
Chemical energy captured by METS and oxidative phosphorylation is limited to ATP, whereas
PETS and photophosphorylation together capture energy in the form of ATP and NADPH.
PETS uses the PQ cycle to translocate protons across the thylakoid membrane, whereas the Q
cycle in METS is used to tether cytochrome c to the inter-membrane space.
Solution
The two options are true
METS is dependent on a source of reducing power obtained from dietary nutrients, whereas
PETS obtains reducing power from light energy and the process of photooxidation.
Chemical energy captured by METS and oxidative phosphorylation is limited to ATP, whereas
PETS and photophosphorylation together capture energy in the form of ATP and NADPH..
The disclosure of a contingent liability in the footnotes and on t.pdf
The disclosure of a contingent liability in the footnotes and on the balance sheet indicates that the
potential for the application occurring is
The disclosure of a contingent liability in the footnotes and on the balance sheet indicates that the
potential for the application occurring is
Solution
Answer
Contnigent Liability is the potential future obligation but we are not sure that it will occur or not,
so according to IRS we have to report the Contingent liability in the footnotes on the Balance
Sheet.
So the Potential for the application occuring is Possible in the Future..
The application architeture is design by the application developer a.pdf
The application architeture is design by the application developer and dictates hoow the
application is structured over the various end systems. List four predominant architectural
paradigms used in modern network applications?
Solution
a)
The predominant architectural paradigms are:
1)Client-Server architecture
2)P2P architecture
3)Hybrid arcitecture.
Characteristics:
Client-Server architecture:
1)There is an always-on host, called the \"server\", whichservices requests from many other
hosts, called \"clients\".
2)The client-server architecture, clients do not directlycommunicate with each other.
3)Another characteristic of the client-server architecture isthat the server has a fixed, well known
address, called an IPaddress, because the server has a fixed, well-known addressand the server is
always on, then a client canalways contact the server by sending a packet to the server\'saddress
4)Application services that are based on the client-serverarchitecture are oftern infrastructure
intensive, since theyrequire the service providers to purchase, install, and maintainserver farms.
5)The popular services in client-server architectures such assearch engines(e.g.,Google), Internet
commerce (e.g.,Amazon ande-bay) and web based e-mail( e.g, Yahoo mail) etc.
P2P architecture:
1)There is minimal(or no) reliance on always-on infrastructureservers. Instead the application
exploits direct communicationbetween pairs of intermittently connected hoasts, calledpeers.
2)The most compelling features of P2P architectures is theirself-scalability.
3)P2P architectures are also cost effective, since theynormally don\'t require significant server
infrastructure and serverbandwidth.
4)The features of P2P applications are ISP friendly,securityand incentives.
5)Most popular and traffic-intensive applications are based onP2P architectures. It\'s include file
distribution (e.g.BitTorrent), file sharing(e.g. eMule and Lime Wire) and Internettelephony
(e.g.,Skype).etc.
Hybrid architecture:
The combining both client-server and P2P elements. Forexample, for many instant messaging
applications, servers are usedto track the IP addresses of users, but user-to-user messages aresent
directly between user hosts (without passing throughintermediate servers)..
Suppose a company’s ROE is 16. This company’s payout ratio is 40. .pdf
Suppose a company’s ROE is 16%. This company’s payout ratio is 40%. The required rate of
return on the stock is 15%. What is the sustainable growth rate of this company?
Solution
Retention ratio=1-payout ratio
=1-0.4
=0.6
Sustainable growth rate=(ROE*Retention ratio)/[1-(ROE*Retention ratio)]
=(0.16*0.6)/[1-(0.16*0.6)]
which is equal to
=10.62%(Approx)..
Some historians have referred to many of the self-proclaimed “Darwin.pdf
Some historians have referred to many of the self-proclaimed “Darwinians”, such as Ernst
Haeckel, that followed in Darwin’s footsteps at the end of the 19th century as “pseudo-
Darwinians”. In what sense were they Darwinian? In what sense were they not Darwinian?
Most evolutionary scientists would agree that evolution has led to increased complexity of life on
Earth.
Select one:
True
False
Rice has a genome size of about 420-460 million base pairs while humans have a genome size of
about 3 billion base pairs. Of the following, which is a possible reason for this difference?
Select one:
a. Humans are more complex morphologically.
b. Rice is a plant, while humans are animals.
c. Humans have more genes than rice.
d. The human genome has a lot of mobile genetic elements.
e. The vertebrate lineage has a longer evolutionary history.
Solution
Answer A)Darwin\'s theory is based on natural selection and the servival of fittest.
According to the theory the characteristics which are best fitted transfer to the next progeny.
Living animal compete for food ,shelter and basic requirements for their survival, dominant wins
the competition and get selected by nature to reproduce.
Acquired characters of a species throughout its lifetime pass to its progeny through genetic
material.Thus over a period of time due to accumulation of characteristics a new species evolve.
Darwin\'s could not account for either mechanism for trait (character) transmission or the basis
of variability among individual.
Hence new modified theory given by a group of scientist which is called psuedo Darwinian
theory.
This theory is support Darwin s view on transmission acquired characters to next generation. But
all acquired characters do not pass to next generation only useful character transmite to next
generation.
It supports the natural selection theory too.
Points support Darwin theory-
1)Naturally selected animals are able to reproduce and transmit Acquired character to next
generation.
2)Survival of fittest
3) acquired characters transfer through genetic material.
Points of psuedo Darwinian theory not support Darwin theory-
1) All acquired characters do not transmit to next generation only useful character transmite.
2) Genes for the useful character can transfer trait if present in genital pole.
3)Human races are separate species which is rejected by Darwin.
4) Language evolve from speachless pre human.which is not mentioned in Darwin theory.
Answer 2)
E) The vertibrate lineage has a longer evolutionary history.
Vertibrates evolve from their ancestors contain large number of genes and thus large size of
genome because throughout the evolutionary period many characters are acquired in terms of
separate gene. More gene results in more complex structure ..
Please research Meaningful Use. Prepare a brief report on its origin.pdf
Please research Meaningful Use. Prepare a brief report on its origin, its purpose, how it is
conducted, etc. Please make sure you understand and explain the three different stages.
Solution
Meaningful Use(MU)
Purpose: The concept of meaningful use rested on the \'5 pillars\' of health outcomes policy
priorities, namely:
->Improving quality, safety, efficiency, and reducing health disparities
->Engage patients and families in their health
->Improve care coordination
->Improve population and public health
->Ensure adequate privacy and security protection for personal health information
Origin:
The American Reinvestment & Recovery Act (ARRA) was enacted on February 17, 2009.
ARRA includes many measures to modernize our nation\'s infrastructure,
one of which is the \"Health Information Technology for Economic and
Clinical Health (HITECH) Act\". The HITECH Act supports the concept of
electronic health records - meaningful use [EHR-MU], an effort led by
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS ) and the Office of the
National Coordinator for Health IT (ONC). HITECH proposes the meaningful
use of interoperable electronic health records throughout the United States
health care delivery system as a critical national goal. Meaningful Use is
defined by the use of certified EHR technology in a meaningful manner
(for example electronic prescribing); ensuring that the certified EHR
technology is connected in a manner that provides for the electronic
exchange of health information to improve the quality of care; and that
in using certified EHR technology the provider must submit to the Secretary
of Health & Human Services (HHS) information on quality of care and other measures.
How its conducted:
As in order to encourage widespread EHR adoption, promote innovation and to avoid
imposing excessive burden on healthcare providers, meaningful use was showcased
as a phased approach, which is divided into three stages which span 2011
(data capture and sharing), 2013 (advanced clinical processes) and 2015
(improved outcomes). The incentive payments range from $44,000 over 5 years
for the Medicare providers and $63,750 over 6 years for Medicaid providers
(starting in 2011). Participation in the CMS EHR incentive program is totally
voluntary, however if EPs or EHs fail to join in by 2015, there will be negative
adjustments to their Medicare/Medicaid fees starting at 1% reduction and escalating
to 3% reduction by 2017 and beyond.
The CDC currently offers several types of technical assistance to state and
local health departments related to Meaningful Use, including:
->Meaningful Use Public Health Technical Assistance Team - To request assistance
from this team, email meaningfuluse@cdc.gov with “Request for Technical Assistance”
in the Subject line.The CDC National Program of Cancer Registries provides support
and tools for cancer registries. For more info visit its official website
->The CDC Immunization Information Systems Support Branch (IISSB) provides technic.
Mention the major difference in the physical phenomena occurring rel.pdf
Mention the major difference in the physical phenomena occurring related to heat transfer in
external flow as opposed to internal flow.
Solution
Heat transfer is the exchange of thermal energy between physical systems. The rate ofheat
transfer is dependent on the temperatures of the systems and the properties of the intervening
medium through which the heat is transferred. The three fundamental modes of heat transfer are
conduction, convection and radiation.
On a microscopic scale, heat conduction occurs as hot, rapidly moving or vibrating atoms and
molecules interact with neighboring atoms and molecules, transferring some of their energy
(heat) to these neighboring particles. In other words, heat is transferred by conduction when
adjacent atoms vibrate against one another, or as electrons move from one atom to another.
Conduction is the most significant means of heat transfer within a solid or between solid objects
in thermal contact. Fluids—especially gases—are less conductive.Thermal contact conductance
is the study of heat conduction between solid bodies in contact.
Convection
The flow of fluid may be forced by external processes, or sometimes (in gravitational fields) by
buoyancy forces caused when thermal energy expands the fluid (for example in a fire plume),
thus influencing its own transfer. The latter process is often called \"natural convection\". All
convective processes also move heat partly by diffusion, as well. Another form of convection is
forced convection. In this case the fluid is forced to flow by use of a pump, fan or other
mechanical means.
Convective heat transfer, or convection, is the transfer of heat from one place to another by the
movement of fluids, a process that is essentially the transfer of heat via mass transfer. Bulk
motion of fluid enhances heat transfer in many physical situations, such as (for example)
between a solid surface and the fluid. Convection is usually the dominant form of heat transfer in
liquids and gases.
In a body of fluid that is heated from underneath its container, conduction and convection can be
considered to compete for dominance. If heat conduction is too great, fluid moving down by
convection is heated by conduction so fast that its downward movement will be stopped due to
its buoyancy, while fluid moving up by convection is cooled by conduction so fast that its
driving buoyancy will diminish. On the other hand, if heat conduction is very low, a large
temperature gradient may be formed and convection might be very strong..
My code is not matching up with the results.The output for the cod.pdf
My code is not matching up with the results.
The output for the code should be:
>>> Test Teacher class
Teacher: Paul Tan(8 sunset way)
IM101 added.
IM102 added.
IM101 cannot be added.
IM101 removed.
IM101 removed.
IM102 removed.
IM102 cannot be removed.
Person class:
public class Person {
private String name;
private String address;
public Person(String name, String address) {
this.name = name;
this.address = address;
}
public Person(String address){
this.address = address;
}
public String getName(){
return name;
}
public String getAddress(){
return address;
}
public void setAddress(String address){
this.address = address;
}
public String toString() {
return name + \"(\" + address + \")\";
}
}
Teacher sub class
import java.util.ArrayList;
public class Teacher extends Person {
private int numCourses = 0;
private ArrayList courses = new ArrayList();
public Teacher(String name, String address){
super(name,address);
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return \"Teacher: \" + super.toString();
}
public boolean addCourse (String course){
for (int i = 0; i < numCourses; i++) {
if (courses.get(i).equals(course))
return false;
}
courses.add(course);
numCourses++;
return true;
}
public boolean removeCourse (String course){
boolean found = false;
int courseIndex = -1;
for (int j = 0; j < numCourses; j++) {
if (courses.get(j).equals(course)) {
courseIndex = j;
found = true;
break;
}
}
if (found) {
for (int k = courseIndex; k < numCourses-1; k++) {
courses.get(k+1);
}
numCourses--;
return true;
}
else {
return false;
}
}
}
Person Launcer
System.out.println(\"\ \");
System.out.println(\">>> Test Teacher class\");
Teacher tch = new Teacher (\"Paul Tan\", \"8 sunset way\");
System.out.println(tch);
String[] courses = {\"IM101\", \"IM102\", \"IM101\"};
for (String course: courses) {
if (tch.addCourse(course)) {
System.out.println(course + \" added.\");
} else {
System.out.println(course + \" cannot be added.\");
}
}
for (String course: courses) {
if (tch.removeCourse(course)) {
System.out.println(course + \" removed.\");
} else {
System.out.println(course + \" cannot be removed.\");
}
}
System.out.println(\"\ \");
Solution
// edit the below method like this :
public boolean removeCourse (String course){
boolean found = false;
int courseIndex = -1;
for (int j = 0; j < numCourses; j++) {
if (courses.get(j).equals(course)) {
courseIndex = j;
found = true;
break;
}
}
if (found) {
courses.remove(course);
numCourses--;
return true;
}
else {
return false;
}
}.
Logical FallociesP1 All college students have pet monkeys.P2 J.pdf
Logical Fallocies
P1: All college students have pet monkeys.
P2: Janice is a college student.
C: Janice has a pet monkey.
Valid and Sound
Valid but not Sound
Not Valid, but Sound
Not Valid, Not Sound.
The answer Valid and Sound was found the be the wrong answer. Please give correct answer.
and reason why.
Solution
Based on the premise that all college students have pet monkeys , as Janice is a college student,
must have a pet monkey is valid , but it is unlikely , so the correct answer is VALID BUT NOT
SOUND..
IP Security One problem with Internet protocol (IP) is that it has.pdf
IP Security
One problem with Internet protocol (IP) is that it has no method for confirming the authenticity
and security of data as it moves through the net. IP datagrams are typically routed between
devices over disparate networks; as a result, information within these datagrams could be
intercepted and altered. As use of the Internet for critical applications has increased, the need for
enhancements to IP security became necessary. As a result, the Internet Engineering Task Force
(IETF) created a set of protocols called IP Security, or IPsec, to support the secure exchange of
packets over the Internet. IPsec is now a mandatory component of IPv6 and must be supported
for any IPv6 implementation. IPsec is implemented in IPv6 using the authentication header (AH)
and the encapsulating security payload (ESP) extension header.
Answer the following questions in a 3- to 4-page, APA-formatted paper:
1 What is IPsec, and why is it necessary? How is IPsec used in VPN?
2 Which network layer currently suffers from attacks, and why? At which layers of the
network stack architecture should a solution be attempted? Provide details.
3 How is IP security achieved? What is the basic authentication scheme? Which mechanisms
are used? What are some of the application venues of IPsec?
4 How is a VPN implemented on a server so that its clients can connect to it?
Remember to properly cite your sources according to APA guidelines.
Solution
IPSec
IPsec also known as IP Security.Internet Protocol Security is a framework for a set of protocols
that provide security for internet protocol. It can use cryptography to provide security. IPsec
support network level data integrity, data confidentiality. As it is integrated at the internet layer
(i.e. layer 3), it provides security for all the protocols in the TCP/IP. IPsec applied transparently
to the applications, there is no need to configure separate security for each application the uses
TCP/IP.
IPsec provides security for
IPsec provides two choices of security service: Authentication Header (AH), which essentially
allows authentication of the sender of data, and Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP), which
supports both authentication of the sender and encryption of data as well. The specific
information associated with each of these services is inserted into the packet in a header that
follows the IP packet header. Separate key protocols can be selected, such as the
ISAKMP/Oakley protocol.
IPsec is necessary for
Earlier security approaches have inserted security at the Application layer of the communications
model. IPsec is said to be especially useful for implementing virtual private networks and for
remote user access through dial-up connection to private networks. A big advantage of IPsec is
that security arrangements can be handled without requiring changes to individual user
computers. Cisco has been a leader in proposing IPsec as a standard (or combination of standards
and technologies) and has included support fo.
Genmo CorporationOn the night of February 27, 2012, certain recor.pdf
Genmo Corporation*
On the night of February 27, 2012, certain records of the Genmo Corporation were accidentally
destroyed by fire. Two days after that the principal owner had an appointment with an investor to
discuss the possible sale of the company. The owner needed as much information as could be
gathered for this purpose, recognizing that over a longer period of time a more complete
reconstruction would be possible.
On the morning of February 28, the following were available: (1) A balance sheet as of
December 31, 2010, and an income statement for 2010 (Exhibit 1) and (2) certain fragmentary
data and ratios that had been calculated from the current financial statements (Exhibit 2). The
statements themselves had been destroyed in the fire. (In ratios involving balance sheet amounts,
Genmo used yearend amounts rather than an average.) And (3) the following data (in thousands):
2011 revenues.............................................................. $10,281
Current liabilities, December 31, 2011 ......................... 2,285
EXHIBIT 1 Genmo Corporation Financial Statements
(thousands of dollars)
BALANCE SHEET
As of December 31, 2010
Assets
Current assets: Cash................................................................ $ 18
Marketable securities..................................... 494
Accounts receivable...................................... 728
Inventories...................................................... 972
Prepaid expenses........................................... 214
Total current assets..................................... 2,426
Investments……………………………………………. 898
Real estate, plant, and equipment........................... $4,727
Less: Accumulated depreciation..................... 2,433 2,294
Special tools............................................................. 171
Goodwill................................................................... 594
Total assets.............................................................. $6,383
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity
Current liabilities: Accounts payable............................................. $ 732
Loans payable.................................................. 266
Accrued liabilities.............................................. 1,232
Total current liabilities............................. 2,230
Long-term debt.......................................................... 250
Other noncurrent liabilities......................................... 951
Total liabilities............................................................ 3,431
Shareholders’ equity: Preferred stock................................................. 25
Common stock................................................. 54
Additional paid-in capital.................................. 667
Retained earnings............................................ 2,206
Total shareholders’ equity....................... 2,952
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity.................... $6,383
Income Statement, 2010
Total revenu.
In the formula for determining a populations genotype frequencies, .pdf
In the formula for determining a population\'s genotype frequencies, the pq in the term 2pq is
necessary because the population is diploid. heterozygotes can come about in two ways. the
population is doubling in number. heterozygotes have two alleles. What is the founder effect? a
selection of the best-suited traits for the environment a series of chance events that change allele
frequency when a few individuals become isolated from a larger population, and their gene pool
differs from that source population a sudden change in the environment that reduces the size of
the population Which of the following activities occurs first in order to begin speciation? single
gene change formation of mechanical barrier to reproduction postzygotic hybrid sterility in
Drosophila interruption of gene flow between two populations A genetic change that caused a
certain Hox gene to be expressed along the tip of a vertebrate limb bud instead of farther back
helped make possible the evolution of the tetrapod limb. This type of change is illustrative of the
influence of environment on development. paedomorphosis. A change in a developmental gene
or in its regulation that altered the spatial organization of body parts. heterochrony. Which of
the following statements about dinoflagellates is true? They possess two flagella. All known
varieties are autotrophic. Their walls are usually composed of silica plates. Many types lack
mitochondria. Their dead cells accumulate on the seafloor and are mined to serve as a filtering
material.
Solution
Ans. 6: pq in the term 2pq is necessary because heterozygoted have two alleles, hence option D
is correct.
Ans. 7: Founder\'s effect is when few individuals separate from large population and their gene
pool differs from source population. Hence option C is correct.
Ans. 8: interruption of gene flow between two population is first step for speciation hence option
D is correct.
Ans. 9: the given process is best explained by option C.
Ans. 10: option E is more correct amongst the given options..
How is a cell membrane selectively permeable - what permeates and.pdf
How is a cell membrane selectively permeable - what permeates and what does not? How is a
dialysis membrane selectively permeable - what Dermeates and what does not?
Solution
The cell membrane is said to be selectively permeable as it allow some substances to enter
through while limiting the passage of others. Three ways in which the cell membrane controls
the movement of substances is diffusion, facilitated diffusion and active transport.
The cell membrane, or plasma membrane has lipid bilayer with their hydrophobic tails facing
each other and their hydrophilic heads in the exterior and interior of the cell membrane.
With diffusion, substances such as water, oxygen and carbon dioxide flow from a place of high
concentration to a place of low concentration.
In facilitated diffusion, ions and large molecules pass thru a membrane down their concentration
gradients.
Active transport require energy to power the pumps that pass substances from one side of the
membrane to the other in opposition to their concentration gradients. For example, the sodium-
potassium pump pumps 3 sodium ions out and 2 potassium ions into the cell using the ATP.
This dialysis membrane is selectively permeable regenerated cellulose used to illustrate the
principles of osmosis and diffusion.
Pores within the membrane allow the passage of water, most ions, and small molecules.
High molecular weight debris along with starch, polysaccharides, fats and protein are limited..
How does apoptosis contribute to development of an organismSolu.pdf
How does apoptosis contribute to development of an organism?
Solution
Apoptosis also known as programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms. A cell
undergoes various biochemical changes during apoptosis such as cell shrinkage, nuclear
fragmentation, chromatin condensation, DNA fragmentation, and mRNA decay etc. Apoptosis
plays a very an important role not only in development but in survival of the organism.
Followings are few examples of apoptosis:
1. During brain development half of the neurons undergo death due to apoptosis.
2. Loss of vertebrate tail during human fetal development.
3. Loss of mesenchyme between the digits is because of apoptosis.
4. Removal of abnormal cells/ damaged cell that can cause cancer due to apoptosis.
In human embryonic development and differentiation depends on cell division and cell death
(apoptosis). Apoptosis separates or splits tissue layers, tissue layer fusion, open lumens, vestigial
organ removal etc. Apoptosis also remove over produces cells of immune system (those produce
unstable antibodies) and nervous system..
How are mobilehandheld browsers different from the traditional desk.pdf
How are mobile/handheld browsers different from the traditional desktops?
Solution
The mobile/handheld browsers are different from the traditional desktops due to the following
features:
As the handheld devices are restricted to various technical and physical boundaries users are
allowed to spend more time browsing on their PC rather than their smart phone. Browsing on
smart phone is efficient only if it is for short period of time, for time taking actions PC’s are
chosen as they offer easier browsing..
Explain what might be the result if the kinetochore microtubules file.pdf
Explain what might be the result if the kinetochore microtubules filed to function in anaphase.
Click here to enter text.
Solution
If the Kinetochore Microtubulkes failed to function in anaphase ,the chromatid would not be
separated and does not move towards the spindle.poles.
(During 1st stage of anaphase the kinetochore retract pulling the two sister chromatid apart
towards the poles.During the seconbd stage the mitotic poles that is mared by the chromosome
themselves separate by the elongation of specific type of non-kinetochore microtubules called
polar -microtubules).
Complete answers or none , and please read questionCreate an elem.pdf
Complete answers or none , and please read question:
Create an elementary PROLOG knowledge base, describing following relations:
1. John, Fred and Harry are men, Mary, Julie, Susan and Anne are women.
2. John has blonde hair while Fred and Harry have dark hair.
3. Julie and Susan are blonde, Mary and Anne are brunette.
4. Rich is each person who owns the gold - Fred and Julie in our example.
Solution
a. Who is male?
b. Who does John like?
c. Who does Mary like?
d. Does Julie like anyone?.
Do you believe it is possible to have effective overall management i.pdf
Do you believe it is possible to have effective overall management in a decentralized company?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of decentralization? Does a company getting so large
that it has to decentralize play a part in the gap between financial goals and actual ones? Please
give personal opinion, experience and cite information gathered through research of existing
companies’ experiences.
Solution
A. Yes decentralisation enhances effective overall management.
B. Advantages of decentralisation are as follows:
1. There is effecient and quick and quick decision making since chain for approval is short and
decisions are taken considering operational level challenges.
2. There is ease in expansion since chief executive director and team can focus on expansion
strategies.
3. It empower employees to make active participation and focus on companies growth as well.
4. It prepares employees and managers for emergency decision making where Business Owner
might not be available..
Disadvantages:
1. Each department becomes self centered focusing only on their own growth and not company.
2. Decentralization increases the problem of co-ordination among the various units.
3. It increases the administrative expenses because highly-paid managers have to be appointed.
4. There shall not be uniformity in policies and actions, since each manager will form his own
genius in designing them.
C. Decentralisation doesn’t part a gap between financial goals and actual ones provided profits
from each decentralised department are reviewed quarterly.
D. Johnson and Johnson is a decentralised company and doing well..
Describe WMANs, the technologies used to implement them, and where t.pdf
Describe WMANs, the technologies used to implement them, and where they are predominantly
used (paragraph)
Solution
WMAN stands for Wireless Metropolitan Area Network. The technology of WMAN consist of
ATM, FDDI, and SMDS. WMAN provide dissimilar applications with different QoS
requirements. WMAN opens the door for the creation and Provide high-speed Internet access to
business subscribers. The standard of MAN is DQDB which cover up to 30 miles with the speed
of 34 Mbit/s to 155 Mbit/s.1t is more common in education systems and public services support
a high-speed network backbone. MAN is used for communication to compare LAN. It can
handle thousands of user stations with prevents collisions and support legacy voice systems,
voice over IP, TCP/IP. WMANs can employ vendor-specific proprietary equipment and
associated technologies or they can be constructed according to IEEE standards.It is fixed
wireless between homes and businesses and the internet. International Interoperability for
Microwave Access (WiMAX) is a recent wireless broadband standard that has promised high
bandwidth over long-range transmission..
Discuss the specific properties of the 5 classes of Immunoglobulins .pdf
Discuss the specific properties of the 5 classes of Immunoglobulins and the specific component
parts that each have (i.e., J chain, SC protein, CDR regions, ITAM regions, complement
activation, allotype variation).
Solution
Generally there are 5 classes of immunoglobins, and they are IgG, IgM,IgA, IgD and IgE.
IgG
It is the major immunoglobin present in the serum almost about 75 % of immunoglobin in serum
is IgG. Its an important antibody in secondary immune response. It promotes opsonization and
fixes complement and also enhances phagocytosis.
IgM
It is the third most common immunoglobin in the serum. It is the first immunoglobin to be made
by the fetus. It has a pentameric structure. The pentamer has a J chain. Most capable of
complement fixation, agglutination. Present mainly on B cells and effective against viruses and
bacteria. IgM have about 60 CDR’s.
IgA
Secretory immunoglobin mainly present in tears, saliva, colostrum and helps in removal of
microbes from mucous membrane. Consist of 2 heavy chains and two light chains joined by a J
chain. It does not fix complement. Colostrum is having abundant IgA. SC protein is a part of
IgA.
IgD
Present in low levels in serum and found on B cell surface. Exist as monomers. Complement
binding is not done by IgD. The exact function of this class is still not known precisely.
IgE
Monomeric in nature and least amounts are present. Responsible for allergic reactions. Present in
skin and lungs. Do not fix complement. Effective against parasites in the body. Commonly
related to diseases like asthma.
CDR’s:
Except IgM all other antibodies have 12 CDR’s. Since IgM is a pentameric molecule it has about
60 CDR’s.
ITAM regions:
These are motifs present in the Fc receptors of immunoglobin molecule.
Allotype:
Allele of the antibody chains is termed as allotype..
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