The document provides an overview of the Indian film and television industry. It discusses the history and development of the industry, including the emergence of regional film industries in various Indian languages. It also outlines the key components of the film industry, including production houses, directors, actors, and buyers. Additionally, it describes the objectives of studying the industry and highlights the important role it plays in the Indian economy through its contribution to GDP and combined revenues.

1. INDIAN FILM
INDUSTRY:THE NEW
HORIZON
ANKIT AGARWAL
A30906411013
FACULTY GUIDE: PROF.GAUTAM SINHA

2. DECLARATION
I declare that the work in this dissertation was carried out in accordance with the
requirements of the University’s Regulations and Code of Practice for Taught
Undergraduate Programmes and that it has not been submitted for any other
academic award. Except where indicated by specific reference in the text, this
work is my own work. Work done in collaboration with, or with the assistance of
others, is indicated as such. I have identified all material in this dissertation which
is not my own work through appropriate referencing and acknowledgement.
Where I have quoted from the work of others, I have included the source in the
references/bibliography. Any views expressed in the dissertation are those of the
author.
SIGNED: ………………………………………………… DATE: ……………..

3. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I thank Almighty God who has provided me the faculty of learning and
understanding the phenomenon occurring around me.
It gives me immense pleasure to express my sincere gratitude to my faculty guide
of Amity Global Business School, Kolkata whose help and continued guidance has
encourage me to pursue the courses. This dissertation project would not have
been possible without the timely response of My faculty members.
I wish to thank my parents for their tremendous contribution and support both
morally and financially towards the completion of this project. I also express my
sincere thanks to all the respondents without their kind co-operation this study
would not have been possible.
Last but not the least; I would like thank all my friends for their continuous
support and valuable contributions towards the successful completion of this
dissertation.

4. TABLE OF CONTENT
Introduction
Literature Review
Film Industry in India
Components Of Film Industry
Regional Films
History of Indian Film Industry
Objectives of the Study
Roles & Importance of Film Industry
Prospects of Bollywood
Key Trends
Preferences of Indian Audiences
Contribution to the Economy
Challenges Faced by the Industry
What’s in store for Bollywood ?
Films and Travels & tourism
Global Scenario
Findings
Conclusions
Glossary
Bibliography
Questioners

5. INTRODUCTION
The film and industry consists of the technological and commercial institutions
of filmmaking: i.e. film production companies, film studios, cinematography, film
production, screenwriting, pre-production, post-production, film
Festivals, distribution; and actors, film directors and other film crew personnel.
Though the expense involved in making movies almost immediately led film
production to concentrate under the auspices of standing production companies,
advances in affordable film making equipment, and expansion of opportunities to
acquire investment capital from outside the film industry itself, have
allowed independent film production to evolve.
With more than 600 television channels, 100 million pay-tv households, 70,000
newspapers and 1,000 films produced annually, India’s vibrant media and
entertainment (M&E) industry provides attractive growth opportunities for global
corporations. Enticed by economic liberalization and high volumes of consumption,
many of the world’s media giants have been present in the Indian market for more
than two decades. However, in recent years, with near double-digit annual growth
and a fast-growing middle class, there has been a renewed surge in investments into
the country by global companies.

6. LITERATURE REVIEW
 "Economic Contribution of Indian film and Television industry", prepared
by PricewaterhouseCoopers, March 2010-This states the impact of the
direct and the indirect contribution of the Indian Film Industry to the
Indian economy and also states the expected growth of the Industry in the
forthcoming years.
 "Spotlight on India's Entertainment economy", prepared by Ernst & Young,
October 2011-This states how the Indian Film Industry has grown over the
years and what are the focus areas of it. This also signifies what are the
current trends of the industry and what future stores for it.

7. FILM INDUSTRY IN INDIA
 India is the largest producer of films in the world.
 In 2009, India produced a total of 2961 films on celluloid that include a
staggering figure of 1288 feature films.
 Films are made in different 20 languages.
 With 3.3 billion tickets sold annually, India also has the highest number of
theater admissions
 Indian film industry is multi-lingual and the largest in the world in terms
of ticket sales and number of films produced.
 The industry is supported mainly by a vast film-going Indian public, and
Indian films have been gaining increasing popularity in the rest of the
world—notably in countries with large numbers of expatriate Indians.
 Largest film industry in India is the Hindi film industry mostly
concentrated in Mumbai (Bombay), and is commonly referred to as
"Bollywood", an amalgamation of Bombay and Hollywood.
 The other largest film industries are Tamil cinema and Telugu
cinema which are located in Chennai and Hyderabad and are commonly
referred to as "Kollywood" and "Tollywood".

8.  The remaining majority portion is spread across northern, western, and
southern India (with Punjabi, Bengali, Marathi, Oriya, Malayalam, and
Kannada).
 However, there are several smaller centers of Indian film industries in
regional languages centered in the states those languages are spoken.
Indian films are made filled with musicals, action, romance, comedy, and
an increasing number of special effects.

9. COMPNENTS OF INDIAN FILM INDUSTRY
• Production Houses
• Directors

10. • Buyers Involved
• Actors

11. • Miscellaneous

12. REGIONAL FLIMS IN INDIA
Mainstream Cinema in India is dominated by Hindi language film which
typically makes up a significant portion of total box office collections. However,
over the past few years, regional films have been growing popularity with
releases in a great number of theaters both within and outside the Indian
Territory.
Within regional languages, south Indian segment is an important market in terms
of number of film releases with the four southern states comprising Andhra
Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Kerala together accounting for a majority of
the total number of film releases in India. Other regional language markets in
India include films made in Bengali, Bhojpuri, Marathi, Punjabi etc. The total
domestic box-office collections from regional language films in India are
estimated to be about Rs. 1,508 crores.

13. BRIEF HISTORY OF FILM INDUSTRY IN INDIA
 1896: First moving picture showed in India
 1913: - first Indian-made feature film (3700 feet long) released
 1931: India's first talkie, Alam Ara released dubbed into Hindi and Urdu
 1930s and 1940s:
i) Talkies addressing social differences of caste, class and the relations
between the sexes were released
ii) Radical cultural organizations led to the formation of All India
Progressive Writers Association and the Indian People's Theatre
Association (IPTA)
 1950: Calcutta becomes the vanguard of the art cinema
 1951: industry became the object of considerable moral scrutiny and
criticism, and was subject to severe taxation
 1960s:
i) popular cinema had shifted its social concerns towards more
romantic genres
ii) The period is also notable for a more assertive Indian nationalism.

14.  1970s: By the beginning of the year there existed above150 film societies
all over India.
 1980s: the films took a stronger stance on the social issues with an
outpouring of the social conscience, and flowing of new images.
 1990s:In the 1990s, video, national and satellite/cable television have
resulted in the development of a prolonged crisis in India’s movie industry,
where commercial and art films are equally at risk of failing at the box
office.
TV INDUSTRY IN INDIA
 Television is one of the major mass media of India.
 India is the second-largest pay-TV market in the world, with 108 million
subscribers and a reach of 48% of Indian households
 It is a huge industry which has thousands of programmes across Indian
states ranging from national language to regional ones.
 The small screen has produced numerous celebrities of their own kind
some even attaining national fame.
 Approximately half of all Indian households own a television.

15.  As of 2010, the country has a collection of free and subscription services
over a variety of distribution media, through which there are over 515
channels and 150 are pay channels.
 According to Pioneer Invest corp, the Indian cable industry is
worth 270 billion (US$ 5.94 billion) and is the third largest in the
world after China and the US.
 The number of TV homes in India grew from 120 million in 2007 to 148
million in 2011.
 Cable reaches 94 million homes with 88 million analog connections and
6 million digital ones, while DTH has commanded 41 million subscribers.

16. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The main objectives of the study will be:
1. To know importance of Film and TV Industry with respect to Indian
Economy.
2. To evaluate performance of Film and TV Industry.
3. To analyse the preference of the Indian audience.
4. To figure out the problems and issues related with Film and TV Industry.
5. How this industry is helping other Sectors of the Economy?
6. What are the future prospects of the Indian film industry.

17. ROLE OR IMPORTANCE OF FILM AND TV INDUSTRY & OUR
ECONOMY
Film and TV industry is one of the important contributors to the economy and
plays a very important and critical role in economic development due to the
following reasons:
 Contribution of Film and TV industry to the GDP was 0.532%
 The combined revenues of film and TV industry was around Rs. 50,000
crore (USD 10.00 billion) in the calendar year 2013. It is expected that it
will be around Rs. 54,000 crore (USD 11.00 billion) in the calendar year
2014.
 The film and television industry in India is one of the world's largest
markets in terms of number of consumers and offers significant growth
potential. Over the past few years the industry has experienced rapid
double-digit growth and it is expected that this trend will continue in
future, resulting in increasing contribution to the Indian economy.
 The sector has a total output more than $20 billion (Rs 1,00,000 crore),
contributing more to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of India than the
advertising industry.
 Film and TV industry creates more than 2 million jobs (directly or
indirectly) in the economy.

18. PROSPECTS OF INDIAN FILM INDUSTRY
 Emergence of new sources of revenue: In the last few years, the window
available to monetize a film’s revenues at the box office has shortened
considerably. This is driving film studios to exploit ancillary streams of
revenue such as pay-per-view, mobile, online gaming, and licensing and
merchandising. The revenue from these ancillary streams and cable and
satellite (C&S) rights are projected to grow at a CAGR of 16% from 2009 to
2014.79 The pre-sale of satellite and home video rights has also gained
momentum.
 Growth is expected to come from the expansion of multiplexes in smaller
cities, investments by foreign studios in domestic & Regional Productions,
the growing popularity of niche movies and the emergence of digital and
ancillary revenue streams.
 Rise of multiplexes: Multiplexes continue to gain prominences across major
Indian cities and companies have lined up investments to accelerate
multiplex penetration in smaller towns. The number of multiplex screens is
expected to double in the next five years, from 900 to 1,775 screens.
 Digitization is providing scale and reducing piracy: Digital prints cost 80%
less than conventional film prints, allowing producers to reach five times

19. the number of screens at the same cost. This has significantly improved
realization, as 60% of box-office collections are now earned within the first
week of a movie’s release. Digital cinema allows companies to control
exactly where movies are showing and how many times they are shown. It
also expands the reach of releases, from large cities to remote towns and
villages across India.
 Regional-language cinema forms an integral part of India’s film industry:
60% of all movies produced in India are in the four South Indian languages
of Telugu, Tamil, Kannada and Malayalam.80 This market is witnessing
rising investments from Indian and foreign studios, with a gradual shift in
favor of regional films as compared to Hindi films. Studios are also
releasing dubbed versions of popular Hollywood films, while multiplexes
are increasing their Screenings of regional movies.
 Outsourcing of film services: Services such as postproduction, animation,
visual effects, and 2D to 3D conversion are being increasingly outsourced
to India, driven by the availability of a skilled workforce and the low cost of
services.
 Small-budget films go mainstream: Small-budget niche films with high-
quality scripts have recently gained acceptability among mainstream

20. audiences. Strong content and word-of-mouth marketing have helped
studios to generate high returns from these films, thereby diversifying their
risk from big-budget movies.
 Globalization of the Indian film industry: Indian producers are improving
the international marketability of large budget Indian movies by building
partnerships with international screenwriters, composers and technicians.
International fi lm studios are also producing and distributing Hindi and
regional movies. Of the top six international movie studios, four are
involved in distributing or producing Indian movies. A number of Indian
film studios and M&E companies are also expanding their international
footprint by acquiring international theater chains and production studios.
 Increased fragmentation in viewership: Viewership, especially in the Hindi
general entertainment genre, is increasingly getting fragmented as a result
of a large number of such channels being broadcast in India. However, a
few players continue to dominate the market, commanding a significant
share of the industry segment revenues.
 Increased competition amongst broadcasters: With new channels being
introduced at regular intervals, there is increased competition amongst
broadcasters, for viewership and advertising revenue. This coupled with

21. high content and marketing costs is expected to impact the profitability of
broadcasters in the medium and long term.
 Increasing penetration of DTH (Direct-to-Home): There has been rapid
growth of DTH subscribers in the last few years. This trend is expected to
continue over the next few years. However, operating profits are still
negative for the industry, due to high customer acquisition costs, and is
expected to remain this way untill a critical mass of subscribers is reached.
Major DTH service provider in India are : Dish TV, Airtel Digital, Reliance
Digital, Videocon, Sun TV, Tata Sky.

22. KEY TRENDS
 Emergence of new sources of revenue: Although revenues from the theater
segment constitute around 60% of the overall revenue generated for a movie,
other revenue streams have begun to make a meaningful contribution. The
trend of pre-selling satellite and home-video rights gained momentum in
2010, and has enabled producers to de-risk their business models. Even films
that are due for release in 2014 are witnessing negotiation for satellite and
new media rights. Revenue from new media, including mobile and online
rights, is expected to increase after the recent introduction of 3G services by
mobile operators. In addition, film production houses have the opportunity to
monetize their content through gaming on mobile and online platforms. New
sources of revenue will reduce a movie’s dependence on its theatrical
performance for it to achieve success and is expected to enable fuller
exploitation of content.
 Collaboration with international studios: International film studios
such as Warner Bros., Disney, Fox and Dreamworks have entered
collaborations with local film production houses to develop Hindi and
regional movies. Walt Disney, who earlier held a 50% stake in UTV, has
now acquired a controlling stake in UTV Software Communications.

23. Viacom18 has also entered a deal with global movie company
paramount Pictures to market and distribute the latter’s movies in
India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. It has already ventured into
production of Hindi language movies, and the new deal is expected to
help it create a distribution network. Local film production can
leverage the experience of these international studios to expand their
international reach and incorporate enhanced project planning and
cost controls.

24. Preferences of the Indian audiences
Taking the Sample size to be 75.
Q.1. Favourite Actor ?
Shahrukh Khan Salman Khan Aamir Khan Akshay Kumar
Q.2. Favourite Actress ?
Katrina Kaif Kareena Kapoor Khan Priyanka Chopra Sonakshi Sinha
0
10
20
30
Shahrukh Khan Salman Khan Aamir Khan Akshay Kumar
0
5
10
15
20
25
Kareena Kapoor
Khan
Katrina Kaif Priyanka Chopra Sonakshi Sinha

25. Q.3. Favourite Genre ?
Action Romantic Historical Thriller/Horror
Q.4. Favourite Singer ?
Sonu Nigam Honey Singh Rabbi Shergill Arijit Singh
Action
45%
Romantic
31%
Historical
13%
Thriller/Horror
11%
Sonu Nigam
16%
Honey Singh
31%
Rabbi Shergill
20%
Arijit Singh
33%

26. Q.5. Favourite Movie ?
Chennai Experess Dhoom 3 Jai Ho Boss
Q.6. Favourite Director?
Karan Johar Rohit Shetty Sanjay L. Bansali Abbas Mustan
Chennai Express
Dhoom 3
Jai Ho
Boss
Karan Johar
Rohit Shetty
Sanjay L. Bansali
Abbas Mustan

27. Contribution of Film Industry to the Economy
Direct Contribution to the Economy:
Gross Output Gross Value
Added (GVA)
Net Indirect Tax Employment
Rs.
Crores
USD
Million
Rs.
Crores
USD
Million
Rs.
Crores
USD
Million
Lakh
Indian
Film
Industry
12,312 2,709 2,132 469 800 176 1.4

28. Revenues of Film and TV Industry
(Rs in Crore)
Year Film Industry TV Industry Total
2009 24,470 10,700 35,170
2010 26,750 11,800 38,550
2011 29,800 13,200 43,000
2012 33,200 14,700 47,900
2013* 37,200 15,900 53,100
2014* 42,000 18,500 60,500
* =Expected

29. 75%
2%
6%
8%
9%
Revenue Breakdown
Domestic Box Office
Ad Revenue
Cable and Satellite rights
Home Video
Overseas box office

30. Indian Film Industry
Domestic Box office Collections
8125
8775
9825
10890
11550
13233
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Domestic Box Office (Rs. Crore) Column1 Column2

31. Domestic box office collections are projected to increase to Rs. 13,000 crores
(USD 2.8 billion) by the year 2014, growing at a CAGR of 10%. This growth is
primarily attributable to the growth in average ticket prices, projected to increase
from Rs. 25 (USD 55 cents) in 2009 to Rs. 40 (USD 88 cents) by 2014.
Indian Television Industry Revenue
As per estimates, it is expected that revenue will be around 42,000 crore by 2014.
24470
26750
29800
33200
37200
42000
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
45000
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013E 2014E
Overall Television Revenue (in Rs Crore)

32. ECONOMICS OF BOLLYWOOD MOVIES
EK THA TIGER
Enough has been said, spoken and written about the merits/demerits of the film.
So let’s not get there. Instead, it’s time to do the Economics of this much-talked-
about biggie…
Cost of production + Print & Advertising — 90 cr
Revenue the Film has generated
Satellite Rights —45 cr
Music Rights + Home Video + Ringtones — 6 cr
Overseas theatrical share—25 cr
India theatrical share—100 cr
Total revenue generated —176 cr
Return on investment [after deducting the cost] —86 cr

33. LOOTERA
"Lootera" released with much expectations and after exceptional reviews started
pouring in, many thought it as next "Barfi!" but that was not the case as film
faltered big time at box office.
Cost of production + Print & Advertising — 33 cr
Revenue the Film has generated
Satellite Rights —8 cr
Music Rights + Home Video + Ringtones — 3 cr
Overseas theatrical share—4 cr
India theatrical share—15 cr
Total revenue generated —30 cr
Return on investment [after deducting the cost] —(-3 cr) Loss

34. BOLLYWOOD WORLDWIDE ENTERTAINERS
Rank Movie
Name
Domestic
Collections
(Nett) in Rs.
crores
Domestic
Collections
(Gross) in
Rs. crores
International
US Dollar
Millions
Dollar
Rate
During
The
Respective
Year
International
Collections
in Rs. Crores
Total
(Gross)
Collection
Rs. Crores
1 Dhoom3 280.25
372
27 million 61
165 537.00
2 Chennai
Express
226.70 301 19.30
million
63 121 422.00
3 3 Idiots 202.00 269 25 47 &
USD 60
(for June
2013)
120 + 6
(after June
2013) =
126
395
4 Krrish 3 240.50 320 9 million 60 54 374
5 Ek Tha
Tiger
198.00 263 10 million 56 56 319
6 YJHD 190.00 253 10 million 56 56 309
7 Dabangg
2
159.00 211 9.75
million
55 54 265
8 Jab Tak
Hai Jaan
121.00 161 14 million 57 80 241

35. CHALLENGED FACED BY INDIAN FILM INDUSTRY
 Content Regulation - A long-standing debate continues amongst the
Industry members on regulation of content. Some of the issues that need to
be addressed in this sphere include: Should there be a content regulator or
should the industry be allowed self-regulation under a broad framework?

36.  Content - One of the problems is that younger generations sometimes find
the stories a bit predictable, and get bored of similar tales.
 Entertainment tax - A crisis plaguing the industry is the distortionary rate
of entertainment tax within states in India. For instance, in Andhra Pradesh
and Tamil Nadu, the tax rate is low. However, this has not been the case
with the rest of the states in India.
 Piracy - The Indian film industry is significantly impacted by online piracy.
A study undertaken by Motion Picture Distributors Association (MPDAI)
has put India among the top ten countries in the world, where online
piracy is at its peak In India, counterfeiting and piracy costs the
entertainment industry US$4billion and losses of approximately 800,000
jobs annually.

37. WHAT’S IN STORE FOR BOLLYWOOD ???
• Bollywood company tie-ups/collaborations (Corporatization)- Reliance Big
Entertainment signed a deal worth US$ 1.2 billion with Steven Spielberg’s
‘Dream Works SKG’ to produce 36 films for the next 6 years Reliance also
acquired around 200 theatres in 28 locations in North America to screen
Bollywood and other regional movies from India, Walt Disney has invested
around US$ 324 million in a deal with Yash Raj Films. Ramesh Sippy
Entertainment has collaborated with Warner Bros.
• Focus on niche movies - The recent success of small budget niche movies
such as No One Killed Jessica, Peepli Live, Well Done Abba and Dhobi Ghat
has re-emphasized the importance of content-driven films.While these
movies are produced on tight budgets, strong content and word-of-
mouth marketing can bring high returns to studios. The success of such
movies has at best been patchy over recent years, but a few failures
should not deter industry players from backing good scripts with requisite
funding. In addition, refined audience tastes and the advent of miniplexes
to cater to the tastes of targeted audiences is likely to drive the production
of more such movies, which is in sync with the portfolio approach adopted
of late by studios.

38. • The Hollywood Connect
Bollywood to Hollywood - Anil Kapoor in ‘Slum Dog Millionaire’ and later
in ’24’. Aishwarya Rai Bachchan in ’Pink Panther 2’ with Steve Martin and
‘The Last Legion’ with Colin Firth
Hollywood to Bollywood- Ben Kingsley in Teen Patti (Three Cards)
Sylvester Stallone in ‘Kambakht Ishq’. Jennifer Chambers directed ‘Hiss’
 VFX TECNOLOGY- The visual effects (VFX) industry is a rapidly evolving
segment in India. It involves the creation of live action imagery by using
computer-generated effects. It is being increasingly used by the visual
media in India and can be broadly classified into the following verticals —

39. movies, TV shows and advertisements. The segment is still at its nascent
stage with mainly low-end work being done in India. Domestic
consumption is fairly small, and therefore, the bulk of the work includes
outsourced projects from the US and the UK. However, the domestic
market is seeing bigger budget movies and ad campaigns, which are now
open to spending more on VFX to provide an enhanced visual experience
to viewers.
 3D TECNOLOGY- In 2009, when Avatar and a spate of Hollywood
action, adventure and fantasy films released in India in three-
dimensional technology (3D) format, the audience was fascinated. Now
the bug seems to have bitten Bollywood. Several films, including

40. Dangerous Ishhq, Raaz 3, ABCD and Suparn Verma’s untitled project
for Kumar Mangat, were shot in 3D.
 ANIMATION TECNOLOGY- October 2008 saw the release of Roadside
Romeo—the first 3D animation movie out of India—produced jointly by
Yash Raj Films and Walt Disney Pictures. Roadside Romeo is the tale of a
pampered puppy whose owners move, leaving him behind to fend for

41. himself on the streets of Mumbai, following by many other Flicks.
Animation movies in India are made on less than one-tenth of the
budget of a similar Hollywood flick. That's because even a mainstream
Bollywood film does not gross collections of more than US$20.6 million
(or 1 billion rupees). While Hollywood produces animation movies with
a budget of US$60 million to US$80 million, these investments are
justified because the receipts are to the tune of US$200 million.

42. FILMS AND TRAVEL & TOURISM
The tourism boards of many countries, such as Switzerland, have in the past
targeted Bollywood to showcase themselves as destinations for high-spending
Indian travellers. Today, this trend has taken off in a big way, with Indians getting
richer and many of them taking foreign holidays. Typically, most countries offer
tax sops in the form of VAT refund ranging from 10 -20%, depending on the
location and budget. Film production companies are eligible for such refunds if
they spend a certain percentage of their entire budget filming in a particular
country and using local talent.
There are also ample opportunities for inbound tourism beyond popular
destinations such as Goa, Kerala and Rajasthan. Indian films can be a great platform
to showcase the country’s rich cultural heritage, variety of travel destinations and
diversity in cuisine to the world. Hollywood films can perform the same task if
provided with adequate facilities and incentives. The Ministry of Information and
Broadcasting and the Ministry of Tourism have signed a Memorandum of
Understanding (MoU) to provide strong support to film tourism in a bid to give a
fillip to the “Incredible India” campaign and cinema as its sub-brand at various
international film festivals and markets abroad. According to the MoU, the
Ministry of Tourism will provide budgetary support for identified film festivals and
offer single- window clearance permission to shoot films. This is expected to create
a film tourism vertical that will promote India as a filming destination for domestic
and foreign film producers.

43. GLOBAL SCENARIO
Worldwide, countries offer incentives of various types to encourage film producers
to use their locations to shoot films. Incentive regimes are offered in the following
forms:
•Cash rebates - where a specified percentage of expenditure in a country is
provided as a rebate to the film producers
•Exemption from or refund of VAT and Customs duty • Encashable credits - where
incentives or tax credits are allowed to be transferred and encashed
•Interest free loans - provide funding for films shot in the country, sometimes
as a revolving facility
•Soft funding - negotiated tourism benefits, such a easier processing of visas, and
discounts on accommodation and travel, location tariff to facilitate road or
shooting permits, assistance in identifying locations, etc.
•Cultural test - many countries provide incentives based on satisfaction of a
Cultural test - a point-based system for rating a movie on certain local cultural
parameters (with co-production often being a requirement between the
foreign producer and the local producer, and in some countries, states offering
incentives in addition to the incentives granted by the central government)

44. FINDINGS
 Lakhs of people are getting employment from both the Industries (directly
or indirectly)
 Digitalization has helped a lot the industry in getting revenue from new
sources.
 Piracy is a major or main problem of the film industry.
 People are losing lakhs of jobs due the piracy of movies.
 Penetration of Television in household is increasing day by day.
 Local cable operators are dominating the market.
 Direct to home service has helped a lot the Television industry.
 Foreign entertainment companies such as Fox, Disney etc. are also
interested in Indian film industry. These companies are also investing
crores of rupees in India.

45. CONCLUSIONS
 On the basis of study, we can conclude that Film and TV industry is one the
major important sector of the economy.
 Lakhs of people of different background getting employment in different
fields of the Industry.
 Digitalization has helped a lot the Industry.
 Therefore, it is of prime importance to encourage art, artists,
technicians, directors and producers and give them the opportunity to
showcase their talent. In doing so, they will reflect cultures, propose
novel and sometimes path-breaking ideas, capture situations and
reproduce history. The media and entertainment industry therefore
needs all the possible help to realize its rich potential and make the
impact it so richly deserves to make.
 The media and entertainment Industry is poised to witness momentous
growth. The examples of achievements and opportunities given above
amply demonstrate the numerous possibilities that exist, which can nurture
a fruitful collaboration between Hollywood and Bollywood by a methodical
approach, backed by organizations such as the LA India Film Council and
the cooperation of the governments of the two countries.
 From behind the cameras, acting in studios to managing the lights and the
action, every individual in the media and entertainment industry strives to
rise above and go beyond previously set standards and present the world
with a picture-perfect experience to make an impact, not only on
audiences, but also on the economies of the countries to which they belong.

46.  Small Budget films go main-stream: Small budget niche films with high
quality scripts have recently gain acceptability among the mainstream
audiences. Strong content and word-of-mouth market have helped studios
to generate high returns from these films, thereby diversifying their risk
from big budget movies.
 Globalization of the Indian film Industry: Indian producers are improving
the international marketability of the large budget Indian movies by
building partnerships with International screen writers, composers, and
technicians. International film studios are also producing and distributing
Hindi and regional movies.

47. GLOSSARY
 Gross Output: This represents the total value of goods and supplied by the
entities in the industry. This is measured by the aggregate revenues of all
companies in the industry.
Note: Gross Output as a measure, is different from the total consumer
spend in the industry, and may vary based on the industry structure.
However, the measures of "Gross Value Added", "Net Indirect Taxes" and
"Employment" would remain the same, irrespective of industry structure.
This has been further explained in the methodology section of this report.
 Gross Value Added ("GVA"): This factor measures the returns to labour and
capital, i.e. the value of output generated by the entity's factors of
production. This measure, along with the Net Indirect Taxes indicates the
industry's contribution to the economy.
 Net Indirect Taxes ("NIT"): Indirect taxes (net of subsidies) paid by the
industry.
 Employment: This measures the number of workers that are employed in
the industry.

48. BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. "Economic Contribution of Indian film and Television industry", prepared by
PricewaterhouseCoopers, March 2010.
2. "Spotlight on India's Entertainment economy", prepared by Ernst & Young,
October 2011.
3. http://www.indiaglitz.com
4..http://ibnlive.in.com/news/media-sector-added-6-bn-to-indian-
economy/111750-7.html
5. http://www.financialexpress.com/news/piracy-a-serious-threat-to-indian-
film-industry/592752/
6.http://copyright.gov.in/Documents/STUDY%20ON%20COPYRIGHT%20PIRACY
%20IN%20INDIA.pdf
7. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_industry
8. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television_in_India
9. http://www.wipo.int/ip-development/en/creative_industry/pdf/ecostudy-
canada.pdf

49. QUESTIONERE
Q.1. Favourite Actor ?
Shahrukh Khan Salman Khan Aamir Khan Akshay Kumar
Q.2. Favourite Actress ?
Katrina Kaif Kareena Kapoor Khan Priyanka Chopra Sonakshi Sinha
Q.3. Favourite Genre ?
Action Romantic Historical Thriller/Horror
Q.4. Favourite Singer ?
Sonu Nigam Honey Singh Rabbi Shergill Arijit Singh
Q.5. Favourite Movie ?
Chennai Experess Dhoom 3 Jai Ho Boss
Q.6. Favourite Director?
Karan Johar Rohit Shetty Sanjay L. Bansali Abbas Mustan