Analysis of Beams in SAP2000

‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪس / اﻳﻤﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺴﻼم اﻟﺰهﻴﺮي‬
‫1‬ ‫‪Eng. Ayman El-Zohiery‬‬

‫- أهﺪاء :-‬
‫1- اﻟﻲ آﻞ اﻧﺴﺎن ﻳﻄﻤﻊ اﻟﻲ ﻏﺪ اﻓﻀﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻴﻮم .‬
‫2- اﻟﻲ زوﺟﺘﻲ واﺑﻨﻲ ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻲ.‬
‫3- اﻟﻲ اﺑﻲ واﻣﻲ واﺧﻮﺗﻲ ) اﺣﻤﺪ و ﻣﺤﻤﺪ و ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻲ ( .‬
‫4- اﻟﻲ اﺳﺘﺎذي ا.د / ﻋﺎﻃﻒ ﻋﺮاﻗﻲ .‬

‫اﻟﻠﻬﻢ اﺟﻌﻞ هﺬا اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺧﺎﻟﺼﺎ ﻟﻮﺟﻬﻚ اﻟﻜﺮﻳﻢ‬


Course Contents :-

1- Analysis of Beams 11- Analysis of Stairs

2- Analysis of Frames 12- Elevated Tank

3- Analysis of Multi-story Frames 13- From AutoCAD to Sap2000

4- Analysis of Trusses 14- Wind Forces

5- Design using SAP2000 15- Equivalent Static Method

6- Analysis of Solid Slab 16- Response Spectrum Method

7- Analysis of Solid & Flat Slab 17- Time History Method

8- Design using Excel 18- Examples

9- Analysis of Foundation

10- Analysis of Plates

3 Eng. Ayman El-Zohiery

‫-41‪SAP2000-V‬‬
‫‪Structure Analysis Program‬‬
‫* هﻮ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻻﻧﺸﺎﺋﻰ ﻟﻜﺎﻓﺔ اﻧﻮاع اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺎت .‬

‫‪Skeletal structure‬‬ ‫‪Non-Skeletal structure‬‬
‫- هﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺎت اﻟﻌﺼﻮﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻌﺪﻳﻦ ﺻﻐﻴﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫-هﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻌﺪﻳﻦ آﺒﻴﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫واﻟﺒﻌﺪ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ اﻟﻌﻤﻮدي ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﻳﻜﻮن آﺒﻴﺮ.‬ ‫واﻟﺒﻌﺪ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ اﻟﻌﻤﻮدي ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﻳﻜﻮن ﺻﻐﻴﺮ.‬

‫-‪EX:- Beam – Frames – Trusses‬‬ ‫-‪EX:- Slab – Raft – Tanks - Tunnle‬‬
‫وﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻠﻬﻢ داﺧﻞ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺑﺄﻣﺮ ‪Frame Element‬‬ ‫وﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻠﻬﻢ داﺧﻞ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺑﺄﻣﺮ ‪Area‬‬
‫‪ Element‬وﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻠﻬﻢ ﻓﻲ ال )‪ (X-Y Plan‬وﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻠﻬﻢ ﻓﻲ ال) ‪(X-Z Plan‬‬


‫* اﻟﺨﻄﻮات اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﺤﻞ أي ﻣﻨﺸﺄ :-‬
‫1- ادﺧﺎل اﻻﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت :-‬
‫ﻳﺘﻢ ادﺧﺎل اﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄ ﻓﻲ اﻻﺗﺠﺎهﻴﻦ ‪. X & Y‬‬
‫2- ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎت :-‬
‫وﻳﺘﻢ ذﻟﻚ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺘﻴﻦ :-‬
‫اﻻوﻟﻲ:- ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﻘﻄﺎع )اﺳﻤﻪ – اﺑﻌﺎدﻩ – ﻧﻮع اﻟﻤﺎدﻩ (‬
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﻪ:-ﺗﺨﺼﻴﺺ اﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎت ﻟﻠﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ وﻳﺘﻢ ذﻟﻚ اﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﺮﺳﻢ .‬
‫3- رﺳﻢ اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄ :-‬
‫ﻳﺘﻢ رﺳﻢ اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄ ﺑﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮﻩ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺳﻮاء آﺎن ‪Beams – Slabs – Columns‬‬
‫4- ادﺧﺎل اﻻﺣﻤﺎل :-‬
‫ﻳﺘﻢ ادﺧﺎل اﻻﺣﻤﺎل ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة ﺳﻮاء آﺎﻧﺖ اﻻﺣﻤﺎل :‬
‫‪Point load – Uniform load – Surface load‬‬
‫5- اﻟﺤﻞ وإﻇﻬﺎر اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ :-‬
‫ﻳﻘﻮم اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺑﺤﻞ اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄ ﻟﺤﺴﺎب ال ‪ Straining Actions‬وﻳﻘﻮم ﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﺑﺈﻇﻬﺎر اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ .‬


‫اﻟﺨﻄﻮات اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻪ ﻟﻠﺪﺧﻮل ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ:-‬
‫1- اﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻲ ال ‪ Short Cut‬ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ .‬
‫‪SAP2000 14.lnk‬‬

‫2- ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ اﻻواﻣﺮ :-‬
‫‪File‬‬ ‫‪New Model‬‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ اﻟﻮﺣﺪات‬

‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﻣﻠﻒ ﻓﺎرغ‬


‫* ﻓﺘﻈﻬﺮ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﻪ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﻪ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ :-‬


-: ‫ادﺧﺎل اﻻﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت‬
. ‫ ( ﻳﻤﻴﻦ‬Click) ‫1- اﻟﻮﻗﻮف ﻋﻠﻲ اي ﻣﻜﺎن داﺧﻞ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﻪ وﻋﻤﻞ‬
*Edit Grid Data Modify/Show System

‫ادﺧﺎل اﻻﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت ﺗﺮاآﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻧﻈﺎم اﺣﺪاﺛﻲ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‬

X-Grid data

Y-Grid data

Z-Grid data

-: ‫2- او ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ اﻻواﻣﺮ‬
* Define Coordinate System / Grid Modify/Show System

Analysis of Skeletal Structure
1- Analysis of Beams
For the given beam :-

-: ‫1- ادﺧﺎل اﻻﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت‬


-: ‫2- ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎت‬
* Define Of Beam Section :-
Define Section Properties Frame Sections Add New Property

-:‫ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺧﻮاص اﻟﻘﻄﺎع‬ (Concrete)‫ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺎدة اﻟﻘﻄﺎع‬
‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﺷﻜﻞ اﻟﻘﻄﺎع‬

‫اﺳﻢ اﻟﻘﻄﺎع‬

‫ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﻪ‬

-: ‫ﻓﺘﻈﻬﺮ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬

‫اﺑﻌﺎد اﻟﻘﻄﺎع‬

-: ‫3 رﺳﻢ اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄ‬
Frame Element

Draw Draw Framecabletendom
Quick Frame Element


‫ﺑﻌﺪ اﺳﺘﺪﻋﺎء اﻻﻣﺮ :- ﺗﻈﻬﺮ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﻪ اﻻﺗﻴﻪ‬

‫اﺳﻢ ﻗﻄﺎع اﻟﻜﻤﺮا‬
‫ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ اﻟﻌﺰوم‬ ‫وﻳﺘﻢ رﺳﻢ اﻟﻜﻤﺮات ﻃﺒﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﻤﻮﺿﺢ‬

‫اﺗﺠﺎﻩ رﺳﻢ اﻟﻜﻤﺮا‬

‫- ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ ال ‪ :Supports‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ ال ‪ Support‬آﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ :-‬
‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﻣﻜﺎن اﻟﺪﻋﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫‪Assign‬‬ ‫‪Joint‬‬ ‫‪Restraints‬‬
‫ﻓﺘﻈﻬﺮ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﻪ :-‬

‫‪Fixed Support‬‬ ‫ﻟﺤﺬف رآﻴﺰﻩ ﻣﻮﺟﻮدﻩ‬
‫‪Hinged Support‬‬ ‫‪Roller Support‬‬


-: ‫4-ادﺧﺎل اﻻﺣﻤﺎل‬
For Uniform Distributed Load :-
‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﻜﻤﺮا‬ Assign Frame Loads Distributed
-: ‫ﻓﺘﻈﻬﺮ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﻤﻴﻞ‬
‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪات‬

(‫اﺗﺠﺎﻩ اﻟﺤﻤﻞ)اﺗﺠﺎﻩ اﻟﺠﺎذﺑﻴﻪ‬

‫ادﺧﺎل ﻗﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﺤﻤﻞ‬

For Triangular Distributed Load :-

‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﻜﻤﺮا‬ Assign Frame Loads Distributed


‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﻤﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻈﻬﺮ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ :-‬

‫اﺗﺠﺎﻩ اﻟﺤﻤﻞ)اﺗﺠﺎﻩ اﻟﺠﺎذﺑﻴﻪ(‬
‫ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﻠﺜﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺪاﻳﺔ اﻟﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﻠﺜﻲ‬
‫ادﺧﺎل ﻣﻜﺎن اﻟﺤﻤﻞ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ‬ ‫ادﺧﺎل ﻣﻜﺎن اﻟﺤﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﻷﻃﻮال‬

‫اﻟﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﻮزع = ﺻﻔﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ اﻟﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﻠﺜﻲ‬
‫-: ‪For Point Load‬‬
‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﻜﻤﺮا‬ ‫‪Assign‬‬ ‫‪Frame Loads‬‬ ‫‪Point‬‬

‫اﻟﺤﻤﻞ اﻻول ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺜﻠﺚ اﻻول ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺎآﻴﺔ‬
‫ادﺧﺎل ﻣﻜﺎن اﻟﺤﻤﻞ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ‬

‫اﻟﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺜﻠﺚ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺎآﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت هﺎﻣﻪ :-‬
‫1- ﻳﺘﻢ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ‪ Set Element‬ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ اﺧﺮاج اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄ :-‬
‫‪View‬‬ ‫‪Set Display Options‬‬ ‫اﻇﻬﺎر اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄ ﻣﺠﺴﻢ‬
‫اﻇﻬﺎر اﻻﻟﻮان ﻋﻠﻲ ﺣﺴﺐ‬
‫اﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ال‪Joint‬‬
‫ﻟﻮن اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ اﺑﻴﺾ واﺳﻮد‬
‫اﻇﻬﺎر ال‪Joint‬‬

‫ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ال‪Area‬‬

‫2- ﻻﻇﻬﺎر آﻞ اﻻﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺨﻔﻴﻪ :-‬
‫‪Joint‬‬ ‫اﻇﻬﺎر اﻻﺣﻤﺎل ﻋﻠﻲ ال‪Joint‬‬
‫‪Display‬‬ ‫‪Show Load Assigns‬‬
‫‪Frame‬‬ ‫اﻇﻬﺎر اﻻﺣﻤﺎل ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬


‫5- اﻟﺤﻞ :-) ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ال ‪( DOF‬‬
‫‪Analyze‬‬ ‫‪Set Analysis options‬‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻈﻬﺮ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻳﺘﻢ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر ‪Plane Frame‬‬
‫وﻳﺘﻢ اﻟﺒﺪء ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﻞ آﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ :-‬
‫‪Analyze‬‬ ‫‪Run Analysis or F5 or‬‬

‫ﻓﺘﻈﻬﺮ ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﻳﺘﻢ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر ‪ Run Now‬ﻟﻴﻘﻮم اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﻞ .‬


‫* اﻇﻬﺎر اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ :-‬
‫-: ‪1-Deformed Shape‬‬
‫‪Display‬‬ ‫‪Show Deformed Shape‬‬
‫اﻇﻬﺎر اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄ‬ ‫) او اﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻲ 6‪( F‬‬
‫اﻻﺻﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻈﻬﺮ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺿﺤﺔ :-‬


‫-: ‪Straining Actions‬‬ ‫اﻇﻬﺎر اﻟﻌﺰوم وﻗﻮي اﻟﻘﺺ ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﻜﻤﺮات‬
‫‪Joints‬‬ ‫اﻇﻬﺎر ال ‪Reactions‬‬
‫‪Display‬‬ ‫‪Show Forces/Stresses‬‬
‫‪Frames/Cables‬‬ ‫اﻇﻬﺎر ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﻟﻜﻤﺮات‬

‫اﻇﻬﺎر اﻟﻌﺰوم ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﻜﻤﺮات :-‬ ‫اﻇﻬﺎر ال ‪ Reactions‬ﻟﻠﺮآﺎﺋﺰ:-‬


‫ﻟﻌﻜﺲ ﺷﻜﻞ‬
‫ال‪Shear‬‬

‫اﻇﻬﺎر ﻗﻴﻢ اﻟﻌﺰوم‬

‫‪Axial Force‬‬ ‫اﻇﻬﺎر اﻟﻘﻮي اﻟﻤﺤﻮرﻳﺔ‬
‫2 - 2 ‪Shear‬‬ ‫اﻇﻬﺎر ﻗﻮي اﻟﻘﺺ‬
‫3-3 ‪Moment‬‬ ‫اﻇﻬﺎر اﻟﻌﺰوم‬

‫اﻟﻤﺤـــــــــﺎور‬

‫‪Global Axis‬‬ ‫‪Local Axis‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺎ آﻜﻞ ﻟﻪ ﻣﺤﺎور واﺣﺪﻩ وهﻲ ‪X-Y-Z‬‬ ‫آﻞ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ داﺧﻞ اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺎ ﻟﻪ ﻣﺤﺎور ﺧﺎﺻﻪ ﺑﻪ وهﻲ 3-2-1‬

‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬

‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر آﻞ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬

‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﺧﺮ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺗﻢ اﺧﺘﻴﺎرهﺎ‬
‫اﻟﻐﺎء اﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎر‬
‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫-1- ‪Local Axis‬‬ ‫‪Length‬‬
‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺧﻂ ﺑﺎل ‪Mouse‬‬
‫-2- ‪Local Axis‬‬ ‫‪Depth‬‬
‫-3- ‪Local Axis‬‬ ‫‪Width‬‬

‫‪Define‬‬ ‫‪Load Patterns‬‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻈﻬﺮ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﻪ اﻟﻤﻮﺿﺤﻪ‬ ‫1 – اﻟﻐﺎء وزن اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄ :-‬

‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ال 1 اﻟﻲ ﺻﻔﺮ واﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻲ‬
‫‪Modify Load‬‬
‫ﻟﻴﻘﻮم ﺑﺈﻟﻐﺎء اﻟﻮزن‬

‫2 – ﻋﻤﻞ رآﻴﺰة ﻣﺎﺋﻠﺔ :-‬
‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﺮآﻴﺰة‬ ‫‪Assign‬‬ ‫‪Joint‬‬ ‫‪Local Axis‬‬ ‫ادﺧﺎل زاوﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﻴﻞ)ﺣﻮل ال ‪( Y-Axis‬‬
‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﺷﺎرة زاوﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﻴﻞ ﻃﺒﻘﺎ ﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﻴﺪ اﻟﻴﻤﻨﻲ )ﻣﻊ ﻋﻘﺎرب اﻟﺴﺎﻋﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ وﻋﻜﺲ ﻋﻘﺎرب اﻟﺴﺎﻋﻪ ﺳﺎﻟﺐ (‬
‫3 – ادﺧﺎل ال ‪-: Spring‬‬
‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر ال ‪Joint‬‬ ‫‪Assign‬‬ ‫‪Joint‬‬ ‫‪Springs‬‬ ‫ادﺧﺎل ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ال ‪K‬‬
‫ﻳﺘﻢ ادﺧﺎل ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ال ‪ K‬ﻟﻞ ‪ Spring‬ﺑﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﻣﻮﺟﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ 3 ‪Translation‬‬
‫3 – ﺣﺪوث هﺒﻮط ﻟﺮآﻴﺰة :-‬
‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﺮآﻴﺰة‬ ‫‪Assign‬‬ ‫‪Joint Loads‬‬ ‫‪Displacement‬‬ ‫ادﺧﺎل ﻗﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﻬﺒﻮط‬
‫ﻳﺘﻢ ادﺧﺎل ﻗﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﻬﺒﻮط ﺑﺎﻟﺴﺎﻟﺐ ﻓﻲ اﺗﺠﺎﻩ ‪Global Z‬‬


‫-: ‪Temperature Effect‬‬
‫-: ‪For Frame Element‬‬
‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ‬ ‫‪Assign‬‬ ‫‪Frame Loads‬‬ ‫‪Temperature‬‬
‫ﺣﺮارة ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻤﺔ‬
‫اذا آﺎﻧﺖ درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة ﺳﺎﻟﺒﺔ ) اﻧﻜﻤﺎش(‬ ‫ﺣﺮارﻩ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻤﻪ‬
‫اذا آﺎﻧﺖ درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة ﻣﻮﺟﺒﺔ )ﺗﻤﺪد(‬
‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة‬

‫-: ‪For Shell Element‬‬
‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺔ‬ ‫‪Assign‬‬ ‫‪Area Loads‬‬ ‫)‪Temperature (All‬‬
‫ﺣﺮارة ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺣﺮارة ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻤﺔ‬
‫اذا آﺎﻧﺖ درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة ﺳﺎﻟﺒﺔ ) اﻧﻜﻤﺎش(‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة‬
‫اذا آﺎﻧﺖ درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة ﻣﻮﺟﺒﺔ )ﺗﻤﺪد(‬

‫ﻣﻠﺤﻮﻇﺔ :-‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ان درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة ﺗﻜﻮن ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻤﺔ ﻳﺘﻢ ادﺧﺎل ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ﻟﺪرﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة آﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺿﻐﻂ اﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ‬

2- Analysis of Frames

Column Beam
Section Section


X = 0 , 6 , 11 , 14
Y=0
Z=0,4,7


‫-: ‪* For Column Section‬‬
‫‪Define‬‬ ‫‪Section Properties‬‬ ‫‪Frame Sections‬‬
‫‪Add New Property‬‬

‫ﻓﺘﻈﻬﺮ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ :-‬

‫)‪* For Beam Section :- (T-Section‬‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺎدة اﻟﻘﻄﺎع)‪(Steel‬‬
‫اﺳﻢ اﻟﻘﻄﺎع‬

‫ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺎدة اﻟﻘﻄﺎع‬



‫‪Frame Element‬‬
‫‪Draw‬‬ ‫‪Draw Framecabletendom‬‬ ‫ﻟﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ اﻟﻤﺎﺋﻞ‬
‫‪Quick Frame Element‬‬

‫ﻳﺘﻢ رﺳﻢ اﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ وﻟﻜﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﺳﻢ اﻟﻘﻄﺎع اﻟﻤﺮاد اﻟﺮﺳﻢ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ ال ‪ Support‬آﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ :-‬ ‫* ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ ال ‪:Supports‬‬
‫وﻳﺘﻢ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﻧﻮع اﻟﺪﻋﺎﻣﺔ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ ﺳﻮاء آﺎن ‪Fixed & Hinge & Roller‬‬

‫-: ‪For Triangular Distributed Load‬‬
‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﻜﻤﺮا‬ ‫‪Assign‬‬ ‫‪Frame Loads‬‬ ‫‪Distributed‬‬
‫ﻳﺘﻢ ادﺧﺎل ) ﺻﻔﺮ ( ﻓﻲ ﺑﺪاﻳﺔ اﻟﻜﻤﺮا و ) 3 ( ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ اﻟﻜﻤﺮا و ) ﺻﻔﺮ ( ﻓﻲ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻜﻤﺮا‬

‫-: ‪For Uniform Distributed Load‬‬
‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﻜﻤﺮا‬ ‫‪Assign‬‬ ‫‪Frame Loads‬‬ ‫‪Distributed‬‬



‫ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﻮزع‬
‫ﺑﺪاﻳﺔ اﻟﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﻮزع‬

‫ادﺧﺎل ﻣﻜﺎن اﻟﺤﻤﻞ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ‬ ‫ادﺧﺎل ﻣﻜﺎن اﻟﺤﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﻷﻃﻮال‬
‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ان اﻟﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﻮزع‬
‫ﻋﻠﻲ آﺎﻣﻞ ﻃﻮل اﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ‬
‫-:‪For Joint Load 4 ton‬‬
‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر ال‪Joint‬‬ ‫‪Assign‬‬ ‫‪Joint Loads‬‬ ‫‪Forces‬‬

‫ﻳﺘﻢ ادﺧﺎل اﻟﺤﻤﻞ ﻓﻲ اﺗﺠﺎﻩ ‪ X-Axis‬ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻮﺟﺐ‬


‫-:‪For Point Load 5 ton‬‬
‫ادﺧﺎل اﺣﻤﺎل‬
‫اﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻻﺣﺪاﺛﻲ‬
‫اﺗﺠﺎﻩ اﻟﺤﻤﻞ2 ‪Axis‬‬
‫ﻣﻜﺎن اﻟﺤﻤﻞ‬
‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﺤﻤﻞ‬

‫-:‪For Concentrated Moment 6 t.m‬‬
‫ادﺧﺎل ﻋﺰوم‬

‫ﻣﺤﻮر دوران اﻟﻌﺰم‬
‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﺷﺎرة ﻗﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﻌﺰم ﻃﺒﻘﺎ ﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﻴﺪ اﻟﻴﻤﻨﻲ‬
‫)ﻣﻊ ﻋﻘﺎرب اﻟﺴﺎﻋﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ(‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺎن اﻟﺤﻤﻞ‬
‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﻌﺰم‬


( DOF ‫5- اﻟﺤﻞ :-) ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ال‬
Analyze Set Analysis options Plane Frame ‫ﻳﺘﻢ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر‬
-: ‫وﻳﺘﻢ اﻟﺒﺪء ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﻞ آﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‬
Analyze Run Analysis or F5 or

. ‫ ﻟﻴﻘﻮم اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﻞ‬Run Now ‫ﻓﺘﻈﻬﺮ ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﻳﺘﻢ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر‬

1-Deformed Shape :- -: ‫* اﻇﻬﺎر اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬
Display Show Deformed Shape ( F6 ‫) او اﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻲ‬

2-Straining Actions :-
Joints Reactions ‫اﻇﻬﺎر ال‬
Display Show Forces/Stresses
Frames/Cables
‫اﻇﻬﺎر ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﻟﻜﻤﺮات و اﻻﻋﻤﺪة‬


3- Analysis of Multi-Story Frames

Ext. Column

Int. Column

Beam

‫1- ادﺧﺎل اﻻﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت :-‬
‫ﻳﺘﻢ ادﺧﺎل اﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت ﻟﺮﺳﻢ دور واﺣﺪ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻣﻦ ال ‪Frame‬‬

‫81 , 21 , 6 , 0 = ‪X‬‬
‫0=‪Y‬‬
‫3,0=‪Z‬‬

‫2- ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎت :- ) ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺛﻼث ﻗﻄﺎﻋﺎت (‬
‫‪Define‬‬ ‫‪Section Properties‬‬ ‫‪Frame Sections‬‬


‫‪Draw‬‬ ‫‪Draw Framecabletendom‬‬
‫‪Quick Frame‬‬
‫ﻳﺘﻢ رﺳﻢ اﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ وﻟﻜﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﺳﻢ اﻟﻘﻄﺎع اﻟﻤﺮاد اﻟﺮﺳﻢ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ ال ‪ Support‬آﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ :-‬ ‫* ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ ال ‪:Supports‬‬
‫وﻳﺘﻢ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﺪﻋﺎﻣﺔ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ وهﻲ ‪Fixed‬‬
‫* ﻋﻤﻞ ﺗﻜﺮار ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺸﺄ :-‬
‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر آﻞ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬ ‫‪Edit‬‬ ‫‪Replicate‬‬

‫ﻓﺘﻈﻬﺮ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﻪ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﻪ‬

‫ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﺘﻜﺮار ﻓﻲ اﺗﺠﺎﻩ ‪Z‬‬
‫ﻋﺪد ﻣﺮات اﻟﺘﻜﺮار دون اﺧﺬ‬
‫اﻻﺻﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎر‬


-: ‫4- ادﺧﺎل اﻻﺣﻤﺎل‬
For Uniform Distributed Load :-
‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﻜﻤﺮات‬ Assign Frame Loads Distributed
‫وﻳﺘﻢ ادﺧﺎل ﻗﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﺤﻞ اﻟﻤﻮزع‬
For Joint Load :-
Joint‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر ال‬ Assign Joint Loads Forces
‫وﻳﺘﻢ ادﺧﺎل ﻗﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﺤﻤﻞ ﻃﺒﻘﺎ ﻟﻼﺗﺠﺎﻩ اﻟﻤﻮﺿﺢ ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﺮﺳﻢ‬

Analyze Run Analysis or F5 or . ‫ ﻟﻴﻘﻮم اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﻞ‬Run Now ‫ﻓﺘﻈﻬﺮ ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﻳﺘﻢ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر‬

1-Deformed Shape :- -: ‫* اﻇﻬﺎر اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬
Frames/Cables ‫اﻇﻬﺎر ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﻟﻜﻤﺮات و اﻻﻋﻤﺪة‬


4- Analysis of Trusses

h = 0.5
bf=0.2
tf=0.02
tw=0.015

Column Section Double angle 150x150x15 One angle 150x150x15



X = 0 , 15 , 30
Y=0
Z = 0 , 4 , 5.5 , 7.5

Define Section Properties Frame Sections Add New Property

‫ وذﻟﻚ ﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻗﻄﺎع اﻻﻋﻤﺪﻩ‬I-Beam ‫ﻳﺘﻢ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر‬
‫ وذﻟﻚ ﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻗﻄﺎع ال‬one angle ‫ﻳﺘﻢ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر‬
Diagonals
‫ وذﻟﻚ ﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬Double angle ‫ﻳﺘﻢ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر‬
Upper and lower chord ‫ﻗﻄﺎع ال‬

Upper and ‫ﻗﻄﺎع ال‬
Diagonals‫ﻗﻄﺎع ال‬ ‫ﻗﻄﺎع اﻻﻋﻤﺪﻩ‬
lower chord

-: ‫3- رﺳﻢ اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺎ‬
(U&L chord ‫ ) اﻻﻋﻤﺪﻩ وال‬Truss ‫ﻳﺘﻢ رﺳﻢ اﻻﻃﺎر اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻲ ﻟﻞ‬

Draw Draw Framecabletendom Frame Element
‫ﺑﻌﺪ اﺳﺘﺪﻋﺎء اﻻﻣﺮ ﻳﺘﻢ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﺳﻢ اﻟﻘﻄﺎع اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب‬
Quick Frame


‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ آﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ :-‬
‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ‬ ‫‪Edit‬‬ ‫‪Edit Lines‬‬ ‫‪Divide Frames‬‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻈﻬﺮ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻋﺪد اﻟﺘﻘﺴﻴﻤﺎت‬
‫ﻟﻴﺼﺒﺢ ﺷﻜﻞ اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄ آﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‬

‫ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﺘﻘﺴﻴﻢ‬
‫)ﻣﺘﺴﺎوﻳﻪ(‬

‫-: ‪* Drawing Diagonal Members‬‬
‫‪Draw‬‬ ‫‪Draw Framecabletendom‬‬
‫وذﻟﻚ ﻟﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﻪ‬

‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ ال ‪ :Supports‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ ال ‪ Support‬آﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ :-‬
‫وﻳﺘﻢ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﺪﻋﺎﻣﺔ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ‬

‫-: ‪For Joint Load‬‬
‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر ال‪Joint‬‬ ‫‪Assign‬‬ ‫‪Joint Loads‬‬ ‫‪Forces‬‬
‫وﻳﺘﻢ ادﺧﺎل ﻗﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﺤﻤﻞ ﻓﻲ اﺗﺠﺎﻩ ‪ Z‬ﺑﺎﺷﺎرﻩ ﺳﺎﻟﺒﻪ.‬

‫ال ‪ Truss‬ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻋﺰوم‬ ‫* ﻋﻤﻞ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ ﻟﻠﻌﺰوم :-‬
‫)ﺣﺘﻲ ﻻ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ اي ﻋﺰوم ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺎ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ ﻟﻠﻌﺰوم ﻋﻠﻲ آﻞ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻋﺪا اﻻﻋﻤﺪﻩ(‬

‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر آﻞ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬ ‫‪Assign‬‬ ‫‪Frame‬‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻈﻬﺮ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﻪ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ :- ‪ReleasesPartial Fixity‬‬

‫ﻣﻠﺤﻮﻇﻪ هﺎﻣﻪ :-‬
‫1- ﻳﺘﻢ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام هﺬا اﻻﺳﻠﻮب ﻟﺠﻌﻞ‬
‫اﻟﻌﺰوم ﻋﻨﺪ اي ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺗﺴﺎوي ﺻﻔﺮ.‬
‫2- ﻳﺘﻢ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام هﺬا اﻻﺳﻠﻮب ﻟﺘﻤﺜﻴﻞ ال‬
‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ اﻟﻌﺰم‬
‫‪ Intermediate Hinge‬ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺎت.‬
‫33‪M‬‬



Analyze Run Analysis or F5 or

. ‫ ﻟﻴﻘﻮم اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﻞ‬Run Now ‫ﻓﺘﻈﻬﺮ ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﻳﺘﻢ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر‬

-: ‫* اﻇﻬﺎر اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬
1-Deformed Shape :-


Frames/Cables ‫اﻇﻬﺎر ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ و اﻻﻋﻤﺪة‬

Note: Axial Force = N.F.D


‫0002‪Design Using SAP‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺣﻞ اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄ وﻟﻴﻜﻦ ‪-: Truss‬‬
‫‪1-Design‬‬ ‫‪Steel Frame Design‬‬ ‫‪View/Revise Preferences‬‬ ‫وذﻟﻚ ﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎر آﻮد اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬

‫‪2-Design‬‬ ‫‪Steel Frame Design‬‬ ‫‪Start Design/Check Of Structure‬‬

‫ﻳﺒﺪأ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ وﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺷﺮﻳﻂ اﻟﻮان اﺳﻔﻞ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ وﺗﺘﻠﻮن اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺑﺄﻟﻮان ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬
‫اﻟﺤﻜﻢ ﻋﻠﻲ اﻧﻬﺎ ‪ Safe‬او ‪ Unsafe‬ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل هﺬﻩ اﻻﻟﻮان .‬

‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﻋﻤﻞ ‪ Click‬ﻳﻤﻴﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ أي ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ :-‬


Analysis of Non-Skeletal Structure
1- Analysis of Solid Slab
For the given slab :-
For Slab:-
ts = 12 cm
For Beam:-
b = 25 cm t = 60 cm
Live Load = 200 kgm2
Covering = 150 kgm2

X = 0 , 5 , 10
Y=0,4,8 -: ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ادﺧﺎل اﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت آﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‬
Z=0


‫‪Define‬‬ ‫‪Section Properties‬‬ ‫‪Frame Sections‬‬ ‫* ﻗﻄﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﻜﻤﺮات :-‬

‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻗﻄﺎع 06*52‬
‫* ﺗﺨﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﻪ :-‬
‫‪Define‬‬ ‫‪Section Properties‬‬ ‫‪Area Sections‬‬

‫اﺳﻢ اﻟﺘﺨﺎﻧﻪ‬

‫ﻋﻤﻞ ﻗﻄﺎع ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﻗﻄﺎع ﻣﻮﺟﻮد‬
‫ﻧﻮع ﻣﺎدة اﻟﻘﻄﺎع‬

‫ﺗﺨﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺔ‬

‫* رﺳﻢ اﻟﻜﻤﺮات :-‬
‫‪Quick Frame‬‬ ‫وﻳﺘﻢ رﺳﻢ اﻟﻜﻤﺮات ﻃﺒﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺎم اﻻﻧﺸﺎﺋﻲ‬


‫- رﺳﻢ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت :-‬
‫‪Draw poly area‬‬
‫رﺳﻢ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﻪ ﺑﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﻴﺔ اآﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺛﻼث ﻧﻘﻂ‬
‫‪Draw‬‬ ‫‪Quick draw Area‬‬
‫‪Draw Rectangular Area‬‬
‫رﺳﻢ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﻪ ﺑﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻧﻘﻄﺘﻴﻦ‬
‫‪Quick Draw Area‬‬
‫رﺳﻢ ﺑﻼﻃﻪ داﺧﻞ اﻻﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ اﺳﺘﺪﻋﺎء اﻻﻣﺮ :- ﺗﻈﻬﺮ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﻪ اﻻﺗﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻳﺘﻢ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﺳﻢ ﺗﺨﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﻪ‬

‫وﻳﺘﻢ رﺳﻢ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﻪ ﻃﺒﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺎم اﻻﻧﺸﺎﺋﻲ‬

‫* ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ اﻻﻋﻤﺪة :-‬
‫‪Hinge support‬‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ اﻻﻋﻤﺪة ﻋﻠﻲ اﻧﻬﺎ‬

‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﻋﻤﺪة‬ ‫‪Assign‬‬ ‫‪Joint‬‬ ‫‪Restraints‬‬


‫4- اﻻﺣﻤﺎل :-‬
‫* ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺣﺎﻻت اﻟﺘﺤﻤﻴﻞ :- ) ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﺤﻤﻴﻞ ﻟﻼﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺤﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﻻﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻟﻞ ‪ Dead Load‬اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدﻩ (‬
‫‪Define‬‬ ‫‪Load Patterns‬‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻈﻬﺮ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﻪ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ :-‬

‫اﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﺤﻤﻴﻞ ﺟﺪﻳﺪة‬
‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﺤﻤﻴﻞ ﻣﻮﺟﻮدة‬

‫ﺣﺬف ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﺤﻤﻴﻞ ﻣﻮﺟﻮدة‬
‫اﺳﻢ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﻤﻴﻞ اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪﻩ‬

‫* ادﺧﺎل اﻻﺣﻤﺎل :-‬
‫1- اﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺒﻼﻃﻪ :-‬
‫1- وزن اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺔ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ووﺿﻌﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﻤﻴﻞ ‪.Dead‬‬
‫2- وزن ال ‪ Covering‬وﻳﺘﻢ ادﺧﺎﻟﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﻤﻴﻞ ‪. Dead‬‬
‫3- وزن ال ‪ Live Load‬وﻳﺘﻢ ادﺧﺎﻟﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﻤﻴﻞ ‪. LL‬‬

‫2‪Covering = 150 kgm‬‬ ‫2‪L.L = 200 kgm‬‬


‫وﻳﺘﻢ ادﺧﺎل اﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت آﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ :-‬
‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺔ‬ ‫‪Assign‬‬ ‫‪Area Loads‬‬ ‫)‪Uniform (Shell‬‬
‫ادﺧﺎل ال ‪Live Loads‬‬ ‫ادﺧﺎل ال ‪Covering‬‬


‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﺤﻤﻞ‬
‫اﺗﺠﺎﻩ اﻟﺤﻤﻞ‬

‫2- اﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻜﻤﺮات :-‬
‫1- وزن اﻟﻜﻤﺮا ﻳﺘﻢ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ووﺿﻌﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﻤﻴﻞ ‪.Dead‬‬
‫2- ﺣﻤﻞ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺔ ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﻜﻤﺮا ﻳﺘﻢ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ.‬
‫3- وزن اﻟﺤﻮاﺋﻂ )ﻳﺘﻢ ﺣﺴﺎب ﻗﻴﻤﺔ وزن اﻟﺤﻮاﺋﻂ آﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ( :-‬
‫‪W = tw x hw x γ‬‬ ‫‪tm‬‬

‫‪tw‬‬ ‫ﺗﺨﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﺤﺎﺋﻂ‬ ‫‪hw‬‬ ‫ارﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﺤﺎﺋﻂ‬ ‫‪γ‬‬ ‫اﻟﻮزن اﻟﻨﻮﻋﻲ ﻟﻠﻄﻮب‬


‫وﻳﺘﻢ ادﺧﺎل اﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻜﻤﺮات آﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ :-‬

‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﻜﻤﺮات‬ ‫‪Assign‬‬ ‫‪Frame Loads‬‬ ‫‪Distributed‬‬


‫اﺗﺠﺎﻩ اﻟﺤﻤﻞ‬

‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﻮزع‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ اﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺤﻮاﺋﻂ ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﻜﻤﺮات‬

‫* اﻟﺠﻤﻊ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺣﺎﻻت اﻟﺘﺤﻤﻴﻞ :- وذﻟﻚ ﻟﻠﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ال ‪Ultimate‬‬

‫‪Define‬‬ ‫‪Load Combinations‬‬ ‫‪Add New Combo‬‬
‫ﻓﺘﻈﻬﺮ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﻪ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ :-‬


‫‪Ultimate‬‬ ‫‪Working‬‬

‫* ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت :-‬
‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت اﻟﻲ اﺟﺰاء ﺻﻐﻴﺮﻩ وذﻟﻚ ﻟﺰﻳﺎدة اﻻﺗﺼﺎل ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻜﻤﺮات واﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت‬
‫ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺆدي ذﻟﻚ اﻟﻲ زﻳﺎدة دﻗﺔ اﻟﺤﻞ‬

‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت‬ ‫‪Edit‬‬ ‫‪Edit Areas‬‬ ‫‪Divide Areas‬‬


‫ﻟﺘﻘﺴﻴﻢ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت ﻟﻌﺪد ﻓﻲ اﺗﺠﺎﻩ ‪X & Y‬‬
‫ﻟﺘﻘﺴﻴﻢ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت اﻟﻲ اﺟﺰاء ذات اﺑﻌﺎد ﻣﻌﻴﻨﻪ‬
‫ﻟﺘﻘﺴﻴﻢ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت ﻋﻠﻲ ﺣﺴﺐ ال‪Grids‬‬

‫اﻟﻜﻤﺮات ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻤﻬﺎ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴﺎ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺣﺴﺐ‬
‫اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت‬

‫5- اﻟﺤﻞ :-) ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ال ‪( DOF‬‬

‫‪Analyze‬‬ ‫‪Set Analysis options‬‬

‫ﻳﺘﻢ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر ‪Plane Grid‬‬

‫وﻳﺘﻢ اﻟﺤﻞ ﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ )‪. (Run‬‬

-: ‫* اﻇﻬﺎر اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬
1- Deformed Shape :-
Display Show Deformed Shape
( F6 ‫) او اﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻲ‬

‫اﻇﻬﺎر اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄ اﻻﺻﻠﻲ‬

2- Straining Actions :-
Display Show Forces/Stresses Frames/Cables ‫اﻇﻬﺎر ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﻟﻜﻤﺮات‬
Shells ‫اﻇﻬﺎر ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺔ‬


‫اﻇﻬﺎر اﻟﻌﺰوم ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﻜﻤﺮات :-‬ ‫اﻇﻬﺎر ال ‪ Reactions‬ﻋﻠﻲ اﻻﻋﻤﺪﻩ:-‬
‫وﻳﺘﻢ اﻇﻬﺎر ال ‪ Beams‬ﻓﻲ ال ‪3D‬‬

‫اﻇﻬﺎر ﻗﻴﻢ‬
‫اﻟﻌﺰوم‬

‫اﻇﻬﺎر اﻟﻌﺰوم ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺔ :- ﻳﺘﻢ اﻇﻬﺎر اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺔ ﻓﻲ ال ‪X-Y Plan‬‬

‫11‪M‬‬ ‫ﻹﻳﺠﺎد اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ ﻓﻲ اﺗﺠﺎﻩ ‪X-Axis‬‬
‫22‪M‬‬ ‫ﻹﻳﺠﺎد اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ ﻓﻲ اﺗﺠﺎﻩ ‪Y-Axis‬‬
‫اﻟﻌﺰوم ﺗﻜﻮن ﻋﻠﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ Contour Lines‬وﻳﺘﻢ اﻟﺘﻌﺮف ﻋﻠﻲ ﻗﻴﻢ اﻟﻌﺰوم ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﺷﺮﻳﻂ اﻻﻟﻮان اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮد‬
‫اﺳﻔﻞ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ ﻓﻜﻞ ﻟﻮن ﻳﻌﺒﺮ ﻋﻦ ‪ Range‬ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﺰوم .‬

‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﻤﻴﻞ‬

‫ادﺧﺎل ﻗﻴﻢ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬

‫ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ اﻟﻌﺰوم ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺔ‬
‫* ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ :-‬
‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﻓﺮض ﺣﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﻟﻴﺘﻢ ﻓﺮﺷﻪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺔ وﻟﻴﻜﻦ 6 اﺳﻴﺎخ ﻗﻄﺮ 01 ﻣﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺮ .‬
‫2‪As = 6 x 0.785 = 4.71 cm‬‬ ‫‪ts=12 cm‬‬
‫) ‪A s = ( Mu / ( f y x j x d‬‬ ‫‪Mu=1.34 t.m‬‬
‫ﻳﺘﻢ ادﺧﺎل هﺬﻩ اﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ) 43.1 و 43.1- ( ﻓﻲ ال ‪ Max & Min Range‬وﻳﺘﻢ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﺘﺎج‬
‫ﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﺿﺎﻓﻲ .‬
‫وﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻜﺮار ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﺨﻄﻮات ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ 22‪M‬‬

‫‪2- Analysis and Design of Solid and Flat Slab‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ هﺬا اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري اي : وﺿﻊ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻻﻧﺸﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﻪ – ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت – ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬
‫اﻟﻜﻤﺮات – ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻻﻋﻤﺪﻩ‬


-: ‫اﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻻﻧﺸﺎﺋﻲ‬

Solid Slab

Flat Slab


-: ‫1- ادﺧﺎل اﻻﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت‬ * Assume :-
For Slab:-
X = 0 -1.54 - 4.16 – 5.8 - 8.4 -11.2 -13.2 -14.6 -15.4 -16.15
ts = 12 cm Solid
Y = 0 - 0.75 -1.5 - 4.15 - 5.4 - 6.9 - 7.65 –8.9 – 10.5 -12
ts = 20 cm Flat
Z=0
For Beam:-
Beam 25x60
Beam 12.5x60

Covering = 150 kgm2

: ‫* ﻗﻄﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﻜﻤﺮات‬ : ‫* ﺗﺨﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﺒﻼﻃﻪ‬
Define Section Properties Define Section Properties
Frame Sections Area Sections
‫21ﻟﻠﻜﻤﺮات اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮﻳﻪ‬x60 ‫1- ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻗﻄﺎع‬ Solid ts = 12cm
‫52 ﻟﻠﻜﻤﺮات اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﻪ‬x60 ‫2- ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻗﻄﺎع‬ Flat ts = 20cm
0.001x0.001‫3- ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻗﻄﺎع اﻟﻜﻤﺮات اﻟﻮهﻤﻴﺔ‬

‫* اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت :-‬
‫‪Draw‬‬ ‫‪Quick draw Area‬‬ ‫* اﻟﻜﻤﺮات :-‬
‫ﻳﺘﻢ رﺳﻢ اﻟﻜﻤﺮات ﻃﺒﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺎم اﻻﻧﺸﺎﺋﻲ‬
‫رﺳﻢ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﻪ ﺑﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺛﻼث ﻧﻘﺎط او اآﺜﺮ‬ ‫‪Draw‬‬ ‫‪Draw Framecabletendom‬‬

‫‪Draw Rectangular Area‬‬ ‫‪Frame Element‬‬
‫‪Quick Draw Area‬‬ ‫‪Quick Frame‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﻞ ‪ Group‬ﻟﻼﻋﻤﺪة :-‬
‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﻻﻋﻤﺪة‬ ‫‪Assign‬‬ ‫‪Assign to Group‬‬ ‫‪Add New Group‬‬

‫ﺗﻢ ﻋﻤﻞ ‪ Group‬ﻟﻼﻋﻤﺪة وذﻟﻚ ﻟﺴﻬﻮﻟﺔ اﺧﺘﻴﺎرهﺎ‬ ‫اﺳﻢ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل :-‬

‫‪Select‬‬ ‫‪Select‬‬ ‫‪Groups‬‬
‫وﻳﺘﻢ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﺳﻢ ال ‪Group‬‬


‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ اﻻﻋﻤﺪة :-‬
‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﻣﺎآﻦ اﻻﻋﻤﺪة‬ ‫‪Assign‬‬ ‫‪Joint‬‬ ‫‪Restraints‬‬

‫‪Hinge Supports‬‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ اﻻﻋﻤﺪة ﻋﻠﻲ اﻧﻬﺎ‬


‫ﻳﺘﻢ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻜﻤﺮات اﻟﻮهﻤﻴﻪ وذﻟﻚ ﻻدﺧﺎل اﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺤﻮاﺋﻂ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﺗﺤﺘﻬﺎ آﻤﺮات. ﺣﻴﺚ ان اﻟﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ‬
‫اﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪﻩ ﻻدﺧﺎل اﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺤﻮاﺋﻂ هﻲ وﺟﻮد ‪. Frame Element‬‬

‫آﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‬ ‫4- ادﺧﺎل اﻻﺣﻤﺎل :-‬

‫اﻟﺠﻤﻊ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺣﺎﻻت اﻟﺘﺤﻤﻴﻞ‬ ‫ادﺧﺎل اﻻﺣﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺣﺎﻻت اﻟﺘﺤﻤﻴﻞ‬

‫‪* Working‬‬ ‫* اﻟﺒﻼﻃﻪ‬ ‫‪* Dead Load‬‬
‫‪* Ultimate‬‬ ‫* اﻟﻜﻤﺮات‬ ‫‪* Live Load‬‬


‫ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت :- ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت ﻟﺰﻳﺎدة دﻗﺔ اﻟﺤﻞ‬

‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت‬ ‫‪Edit‬‬ ‫‪Edit Areas‬‬ ‫‪Divide Areas‬‬

‫ﻟﺘﻘﺴﻴﻢ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت ﻟﻌﺪد ﻓﻲ اﺗﺠﺎﻩ ‪X & Y‬‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻈﻬﺮ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﻪ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ :-‬
‫ﻟﺘﻘﺴﻴﻢ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت اﻟﻲ اﺟﺰاء ذات اﺑﻌﺎد ﻣﻌﻴﻨﻪ‬
‫ﻟﺘﻘﺴﻴﻢ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت ﻋﻠﻲ ﺣﺴﺐ ال‪Grids‬‬




‫‪ Run Now‬ﻟﻴﻘﻮم اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﻞ .‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻈﻬﺮ ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﻳﺘﻢ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر‬


‫ﻳﺘﻢ اﺧﻔﺎء اﻟﺒﻼﻃﻪ وال ‪ Joint‬ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل :-‬ ‫ﻋﺮض اﻟﻌﺰوم ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﻜﻤﺮات :-‬
‫‪View‬‬ ‫‪Set Display Options or‬‬

‫اﺧﻔﺎء ال ‪Joint‬‬

‫اﺧﻔﺎء اﻟﺒﻼﻃﻪ‬

‫‪View‬‬ ‫‪Set 3D View‬‬ ‫ﻻﻇﻬﺎر اﻟﻜﻤﺮات :-‬

‫اﻟﻜﻤﺮات اﻟﺮاﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻤﺮات اﻻﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻟﺘﺼﺪﻳﺮ ال ‪ Reactions‬اﻟﻲ ال ‪-: Excel‬‬
‫‪File‬‬ ‫‪Export‬‬ ‫‪Sap2000 MS Excel Spreadsheet.xls File‬‬

‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﻤﻴﻞ‬

‫ﻓﺘﺢ اﻟﻤﻠﻒ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﺼﺪﻳﺮ‬
‫اﻇﻬﺎرال‬
‫‪Reactions‬‬

‫ﻓﺘﻈﻬﺮ ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ال ‪ Excel‬وﻓﻴﻬﺎ ال ‪ Reactions‬ﻟﻴﺘﻢ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻻﻋﻤﺪة ﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ .‬

‫1- ﻻﻇﻬﺎر ﺗﺮﻗﻴﻢ اﻻﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﻋﻠﻲ ال ‪-: SAP‬‬
‫‪Select‬‬ ‫‪Select‬‬ ‫‪Groups‬‬ ‫* ﻳﺘﻢ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﻣﺎآﻦ اﻻﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل :‬
‫‪View‬‬ ‫‪Show Selection Only‬‬ ‫* ﻳﺘﻢ اﻇﻬﺎر اﻣﺎآﻦ اﻻﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل :‬
‫‪View‬‬ ‫‪Set Display Options or‬‬ ‫* ﻳﺘﻢ اﻇﻬﺎر اﻟﺘﺮﻗﻴﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل :‬

‫وﻳﺘﻢ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر ‪ Label‬ﻟﻞ ‪Joint‬‬

‫2- ﻟﺘﻜﺒﻴﺮ ﺣﺠﻢ اﻟﺘﺮﻗﻴﻢ :-‬

‫‪ Click‬ﻳﻤﻴﻦ‬

‫ذﻳﺎدة ﺣﺠﻢ اﻟﺘﺮﻗﻴﻢ‬


57
Column Label

Floor Reaction

Total Reaction

Concrete Area

Column Width

Column
Thickness

Eng. Ayman El-Zohiery

= 1% Ac

= 0.6% Ac

Max. Area

Number
-: ‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻻﻋﻤﺪﻩ‬

‫‪) Foundation‬اﻻﺳـــــﺎﺳـــــــــﺎت(‬
‫اﻧﻮاع اﻻﺳــﺎﺳــــﺎت‬

‫‪Shallow Foundation‬‬ ‫‪Deep Foundation‬‬
‫اﺳﺎﺳﺎت ﺳﻄﺤﻴﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺎﺳﺎت ﻋﻤﻴﻘﻪ‬
‫‪- Footing‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ‬ ‫‪- Piles‬‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻮازﻳﻖ‬

‫‪- Raft‬‬ ‫اﻟﻠﺒﺸﻪ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﻪ‬

‫آﻴﻔﻴﺔ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﻧﻮع اﻻﺳﺎس اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺐ :-‬
‫76.0<‬ ‫‪Footing‬‬
‫وزن اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺎ‬ ‫‪Stress‬‬
‫= ‪Stress‬‬ ‫‪0.67< -- <1.0 Raft‬‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺎ‬ ‫‪BC‬‬
‫‪>1.0 Piles‬‬

‫= ‪Where: BC‬‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻬﺪ اﻟﺼﺎﻓﻲ ﻟﻠﺘﺮﺑﻪ‬


Analysis of Raft

*Design the following raft :- (No. of stories = 10)

B C = 1.25 kgcm2

‫5.51 – 7.41 – 2.11 – 4.8 – 8.5 – 1.4 – 5.1 – 0 = ‪X‬‬ ‫1- ادﺧﺎل اﻻﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت :-‬
‫4.11 – 2.8 – 5.7 – 9.6 – 7.4 – 4.3 – 57.0 – 0 = ‪Y‬‬
‫0=‪Z‬‬

‫3- رﺳﻢ اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄ :-‬ ‫2- ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎت :- )ﺗﺨﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻠﺒﺸﺔ(‬
‫‪Draw‬‬ ‫‪Quick draw Area‬‬ ‫-: ‪* Define of slab section‬‬

‫‪Define‬‬ ‫‪Area Sections‬‬
‫رﺳﻢ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﻪ ﺑﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﻴﺔ اآﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺛﻼث ﻧﻘﺎط‬
‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺗﺨﺎﻧﺔ ‪100cm‬‬
‫‪Quick Draw Area‬‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺨﺼﺺ ﻟﻜﻞ دور 01 ﺳﻢ‬

‫-: ‪For Joint Load‬‬ ‫4- ادﺧﺎل اﻻﺣﻤﺎل :-‬
‫‪Joint‬اﺧﺘﻴﺎر ال‬ ‫‪Assign‬‬ ‫‪Joint Loads‬‬ ‫‪Forces‬‬
‫وﻳﺘﻢ ادﺧﺎل ﻗﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﺤﻤﻞ ﻓﻲ اﺗﺠﺎﻩ ‪ Z‬ﺑﺎﻟﺴﺎﻟﺐ وهﺬﻩ اﻻﺣﻤﺎل ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ‪ Total Reaction‬ﻟﻼﻋﻤﺪة‬

‫5- ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺔ :- )ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ اﻟﻠﺒﺸﺔ اﻟﻲ اﺟﺰاء ﻟﺰﻳﺎدة دﻗﺔ اﻟﺤﻞ واﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ(‬
‫‪Edit‬‬ ‫‪Edit Areas‬‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت اﻟﻲ اﺟﺰاء05.0‪ 0.50x‬ﻣﺜﻼ ‪Divide Area‬‬

‫6- ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ :-‬
‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻲ اﻧﻬﺎ ‪ Spring Support‬وﺗﻜﻮن ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ال ‪ K‬ﻟﻞ ‪ Spring‬آﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ :-‬

‫‪K = 1000 * B C * Area Of Mesh‬‬

‫اﻟﺠﻬﺪ اﻟﺼﺎﻓﻲ ﻟﻠﺘﺮﺑﻪ )2‪BC :---------- (Kgcm‬‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت اﻟﺼﻐﻴﺮﻩ2‪Area Mesh------------- (0.50x0.50) m‬‬

‫)‪K------Spring Stiffness (tm‬‬

‫ادﺧﺎل ال ‪-: Spring‬‬

‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر آﻞ ال ‪Joint‬‬ ‫‪Assign‬‬ ‫‪Joint‬‬ ‫‪Springs‬‬

‫ﻳﺘﻢ ادﺧﺎل ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ال ‪ K‬ﻟﻞ ‪ Spring‬ﺑﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﻣﻮﺟﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ 3 ‪Translation‬‬


‫‪Analyze‬‬ ‫‪Set Analysis options‬‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻈﻬﺮ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬



‫‪ Run Now‬ﻟﻴﻘﻮم اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﻞ .‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻈﻬﺮ ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﻳﺘﻢ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر‬

‫ﻻﻇﻬﺎر اﻟﻌﺰوم ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﻠﺒﺸﺔ :-‬
‫ﻳﺘﻢ اﻇﻬﺎر اﻟﻠﺒﺸﺔ ﻓﻲ ال ‪X-Y Plan‬‬




‫-: ‪For Raft on Piles‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﻪ ﻟﻠﺒﺸﻪ اﻟﻤﺮﺗﻜﺰﻩ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺧﻮازﻳﻖ وآﺬﻟﻚ هﺎﻣﺎت اﻟﺨﻮازﻳﻖ‬
‫* ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻜﺮار ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﺨﻄﻮات اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ وﻟﻜﻦ ﻳﺘﻢ وﺿﻊ ال ‪ Springs‬ﻋﺒﺪ اﻣﺎآﻦ اﻟﺨﻮازﻳﻖ ﻓﻘﻂ .‬
‫* ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ اﻟﺨﻮازﻳﻖ ﻋﻠﻲ اﻧﻬﺎ ‪ Spring Support‬وﺗﻜﻮن ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ال ‪ K‬ﻟﻞ ‪ Spring‬آﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ :-‬
‫‪E‬‬ ‫)2‪Modulus Of Elasticity Of Concrete (t/m‬‬
‫‪K=EA/L‬‬
‫‪A‬‬ ‫)2‪Pile Cross-Section (m‬‬
‫‪L‬‬ ‫)‪Pile Length (m‬‬

‫وﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ال ‪ Reactions‬ﻓﻲ ال ‪ Springs‬وﻻﺑﺪ اﻻ ﺗﺰﻳﺪ ﻋﻦ ﻗﺪرة ﺗﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﺨﺎزوق .‬

‫ﻻﻇﻬﺎر اﻟﻌﺰوم ﻟﻠﺒﺸﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﺗﻜﺰة ﻋﻠﻲ ﺧﻮازﻳﻖ :- ﻳﺘﻢ اﻇﻬﺎر اﻟﻠﺒﺸﺔ ﻓﻲ ال ‪X-Y Plan‬‬




Analysis of Plates

For Slab:-
ts = 20 cm
For Beam:-
b = 25 cm t = 60 cm
Covering = 150 kgm2

File New Model
Grid Only ‫ﻳﺘﻢ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر‬

-: ‫ﻓﺘﻈﻬﺮ ﺷﺎﺷﻪ ﻳﺘﻢ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﻧﻈﺎم اﻻﺣﺪاﺛﻲ اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪ‬


‫ﻟﻌﺪم اﻇﻬﺎر ﺗﺮﻗﻴﻢ ﻟﻼﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت :-‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ادﺧﺎل اﻻﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت آﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ :-‬
‫‪Click‬ﻳﻤﻴﻦ‬ ‫‪Edit Grid Data‬‬ ‫‪Modify/Edit Grid‬‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻻﺣﺪاﺛﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬


‫ادﺧﺎل رﻗﻢ ﺻﻐﻴﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺎت اﻟﺘﻘﺴﻴﻢ‬

‫- ﻗﻄﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﻜﻤﺮات :-‬
‫‪Define‬‬ ‫‪Frame Sections‬‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻗﻄﺎع 06*52‬
‫- ﺗﺨﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺔ :-‬
‫‪Define‬‬ ‫‪Area Sections‬‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺗﺨﺎﻧﺔ ‪20 cm‬‬


‫-: ‪For Slab‬‬ ‫-: ‪For Frames‬‬ ‫3- رﺳﻢ اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄ :-‬
‫‪Draw‬‬ ‫‪Quick draw Area‬‬ ‫‪Draw‬‬ ‫‪Draw Framecabletendom‬‬

‫رﺳﻢ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﻪ ﺑﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺛﻼث ﻧﻘﺎط او اآﺜﺮ‬ ‫‪Frame Element‬‬
‫رﺳﻢ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﻪ ﺑﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻧﻘﻄﺘﻴﻦ‬ ‫‪Quick Frame‬‬
‫‪Quick Draw Area‬‬

‫ﻳﺘﻢ رﺳﻢ ﺟﺰء ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﻤﺮات واﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت ﺛﻢ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ :-‬ ‫ﻣﻠﺤﻮﻇﻪ هﺎﻣﻪ :-‬

‫1- ﻳﺘﻢ ﺿﺒﻂ اﻟﻤﺤﺎور اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ ‪ Local Axis‬ﻟﻠﺠﺰء ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺔ اﻟﺬي ﺗﻢ رﺳﻤﺔ آﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ :-‬
‫- اﻟﻤﺤﻮر ) 3 ( ﻳﻜﻮن ﻋﻤﻮدي ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺔ وﻻﻋﻠﻲ :-‬
‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﺒﻼﻃﻪ‬ ‫‪Assign‬‬ ‫‪Area‬‬ ‫3 ‪Reverse Local‬‬
‫- اﻟﻤﺤﻮر ) 1 ( ﻳﻜﻮن ﻓﻲ اﺗﺠﺎة ال ‪-: Radial Direction‬‬
‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﺒﻼﻃﻪ‬ ‫‪Assign‬‬ ‫‪Area‬‬ ‫‪Local Axis‬‬
‫وﻳﺘﻢ ادﺧﺎل زاوﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﻴﻞ 51 درﺟﻪ‬

‫ﺗﻢ ﻋﻤﻞ ذﻟﻚ ﺣﺘﻲ ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻌﺰوم اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﻪ ﻓﻲ اﺗﺠﺎﻩ ال ‪Radial & Tangential‬‬

‫4- ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻜﺮار هﺬا اﻟﺠﺰء ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﻤﺮات واﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت آﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ :-‬
‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬ ‫‪Edit‬‬ ‫‪Replicate‬‬

‫‪Radial Replicate‬‬

‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺗﻜﺮار ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﻤﺮات وآﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت ﺣﻮل ﻣﺤﻮر ‪ Z-Axis‬ﻋﺪد 11‬
‫ﻋﺪد ﻣﺮات‬
‫ﻧﺴﺨﻪ آﻞ 03 درﺟﻪ.‬
‫اﻟﺘﻜﺮار‬

‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ اﻻﻋﻤﺪة ﻋﻠﻲ اﻧﻬﺎ ‪Hinges‬‬ ‫5- ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ اﻻﻋﻤﺪة :-‬
‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﻣﻜﺎن اﻻﻋﻤﺪة‬ ‫‪Assign‬‬ ‫‪Joint‬‬ ‫‪Restraints‬‬



‫‪* Working‬‬ ‫* اﻟﺒﻼﻃﻪ‬ ‫‪* Dead Load‬‬
‫‪* Ultimate‬‬ ‫* اﻟﻜﻤﺮات‬ ‫‪* Live Load‬‬




‫‪ Run Now‬ﻟﻴﻘﻮم اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻈﻬﺮ ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﻳﺘﻢ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر‬

‫اﻇﻬﺎر اﻟﻌﺰوم ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺔ :-‬
‫11‪M‬‬ ‫ﻹﻳﺠﺎد اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ ﻓﻲ اﺗﺠﺎﻩ ‪Radial‬‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ اﻇﻬﺎر اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺔ ﻓﻲ ال ‪X-Y Plan‬‬
‫وﻳﺘﻢ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ آﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت آﻤﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ .‬
‫22‪M‬‬ ‫ﻹﻳﺠﺎد اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ ﻓﻲ اﺗﺠﺎﻩ ‪Tangential‬‬

‫‪Eng. Ayman Abdel-Salam El-Zohiery‬‬
‫‪Eng_A_Zohiery@yahoo.com‬‬


* Case of rectangular and circular slab :-

For Slab:-
ts = 12 cm Solid
For Beam:-
b = 25 cm t = 60 cm

Covering = 150 kgm2

Required :-
1- Design of Slab
2- Design of Beams
3- Design of Columns


‫ﺧﻄﻮات اﻟﺤﻞ :-‬
‫1- ﻳﺘﻢ ادﺧﺎل اﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺎﻣﺪ ﻋﺎدي )‪ (X & Y‬ﻃﺒﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮد .‬
‫2- ﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻧﻈﺎم اﺣﺪاﺛﻲ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ آﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ :-‬
‫ﻻﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻧﻈﺎم اﺣﺪاﺛﻲ ‪ Cylindrical‬اﻟﻲ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم ‪ Cartesian‬اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮد آﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ :-‬
‫‪Define‬‬ ‫‪Coordinate SystemsGrids‬‬ ‫‪Add New System‬‬
‫- ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺮآﺰ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻻﺣﺪاﺛﻲ اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﻪ ﻟﻤﺮآﺰ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﻘﺪﻳﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ادﺧﺎل ﻗﻴﻢ ‪. X & Y & Z‬‬

‫ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﺷﺎﺷﺔ اﻻﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت ﻟﻴﺘﻢ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر‬

‫اﺿﻐﻂ ‪Ok‬‬


Analysis of Stairs
1- Two flight stair :-

For Slab:-
ts = 12 cm
‫ﻣﻨﺴﻮب ﻧﺼﻒ اﻟﺪور‬
(1.50) For Beam:-
25 x 60 cm
Covering = 200 kgm2

(0.00)


2- Three flight stair :-

For Slab:-
ts = 12 cm
(1.05) (1.95) For Beam:-
25 x 60 cm
Covering = 200 kgm2

(0.00) (3.00)


3- Helical Stairs :-

For Slab:-
ts = 12 cm
For Beam:-
25 x 60 cm
Covering = 200 kgm2

-: ‫1- اﻻﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت‬
-: ‫* ﻳﺘﻢ ادﺧﺎل اﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت آﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‬

X= 0,2,4 Y= 0 Z = 0

-: ‫ ﻋﻠﻲ اﻗﺼﻲ ﻳﻤﻴﻦ اﻻﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت آﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‬Frame Element ‫2- ﻳﺘﻢ رﺳﻢ‬


-: ‫ ﺛﻢ‬Frame Element ‫3- ﻳﺘﻢ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر ال‬
Edit Extrude Extrude Lines to Areas
Radial ‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر‬
For Frames :- -: ‫4- رﺳﻢ اﻟﻜﻤﺮات‬
‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﺗﺨﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﺴﻠﻢ‬
Draw Draw Framecabletendom

Frame Element

Quick Frame

Hinges ‫5- ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ اﻟﺮآﺎﺋﺰ:- ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ اﻟﺮآﺎﺋﺰ ﻋﻠﻲ اﻧﻬﺎ‬
‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﻣﻜﺎن اﻟﺮآﺎﺋﺰ‬ Assign Joint Restraints
‫ﺣﺬف اﻻﺻﻞ‬

-: ‫6- ادﺧﺎل اﻻﺣﻤﺎل‬

* Working ‫* اﻟﺒﻼﻃﻪ‬ * Dead Load
* Ultimate ‫* اﻟﻜﻤﺮات‬ * Live Load

Analysis of Elevated Tank

- For the given tank :-

Dom ts = 15cm
Cylinder ts = 20cm
Cone ts = 25cm
Ring Beam 25x70cm
Column 30x80cm
Foundation Plate ts = 100cm


‫1- ﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﻤﻞ ‪ Plate‬ﻧﺼﻒ ﻗﻄﺮﻩ ‪ 3.50m‬وﻳﺘﻢ ادﺧﺎل اﻻﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت آﻤﺎ هﻮ واﺿﺢ :-‬


‫ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺎت اﻟﺘﻘﺴﻴﻢ‬

‫اﻻﺣﺪاﺛﻴﺎت‬
‫2- ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻌﺮف اﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎت :-‬
‫- ﻗﻄﺎﻋﺎت اﻻﻋﻤﺪﻩ واﻟﻜﻤﺮات .‬
‫- ﻗﻄﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت اﻟﻤﻮﺿﺤﻪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺼﻔﺤﻪ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﻪ .‬
‫3- ﻳﺘﻢ رﺳﻢ ال ‪ Plate‬وﻳﺘﻢ ﺿﺒﻂ ال ‪Local Axis‬آﻤﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ .‬

‫4- ﻳﺘﻢ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر ال ‪ Joint‬ﻋﻨﺪ اﻣﺎآﻦ اﻻﻋﻤﺪﻩ .‬


‫5- ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ هﺬﻩ ال ‪Joint‬اﻟﻲ ‪ Frame Element‬آﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ :-‬
‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر ال ‪Joint‬‬ ‫‪Edit‬‬ ‫‪Extrude‬‬ ‫‪Extrude points to Frames‬‬
‫ﻓﺘﻈﻬﺮ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﻪ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﻪ‬

‫اﺳﻢ ﻗﻄﺎع اﻻﻋﻤﺪﻩ‬
‫- ﻣﻠﺤﻮﻇﻪ :-‬
‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺿﺮب اﻟﻌﻤﻮد ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل :-‬
‫ﻓﻲ اﺗﺠﺎﻩ ‪ Z‬ﻣﺴﺎﻓﻪ ‪6.0m‬‬
‫ﻋﺪد اﻻدوار )1(‬ ‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﻌﻤﻮد‬ ‫‪Assign‬‬ ‫‪Frame‬‬ ‫‪Local Axis‬‬
‫ﻳﺘﻢ ادﺧﺎل زاوﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮ 09 درﺟﻪ .‬

‫6- ﻳﺘﻢ اﺳﺘﺪﻋﺎء ال ‪ Dom‬ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ال ‪ Template‬آﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ :-‬
‫‪Edit‬‬ ‫‪Add to Model From Template‬‬
‫ﻳﺘﻢ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر ‪Shell‬‬


‫ﻓﺘﻈﻬﺮ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﻪ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﻪ :-‬
‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر ‪Dom Spherical‬‬

‫ﻗﻄﺎع اﻟﻘﺒﻪ‬

‫ﻣﻜﺎن ال ‪Dom‬‬ ‫ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ال ‪Dom‬‬

‫7- ﻳﺘﻢ رﺳﻢ ال ‪-: Ring Beam‬‬
‫- ﻳﺘﻢ رﺳﻢ ﺟﺰء ﺻﻐﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﻤﺮا اﺳﻔﻞ ﺣﺮف اﻟﻘﺒﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻣﺮ ‪. Frame Element‬‬
‫- ﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﻤﻞ ‪ Radial Replicate‬ﻟﻬﺬا اﻟﺠﺰء ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﻤﺮا ﺣﻮل ﻣﺤﻮر ‪ Z‬ﻋﺪد 11 ﻧﺴﺨﺔ .‬

‫8- ﻳﺘﻢ ﺣﺬف اﻟﺠﺰء اﻻﺧﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ ال ‪-: Dom‬‬
‫- ﻳﺘﻢ اﻇﻬﺎر اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺎ ﻓﻲ ال ‪ Elevation‬آﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ :‬
‫‪View‬‬ ‫‪Set 3D View‬‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻲ ‪XZ Plan‬‬


‫- ﻳﺘﻢ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻲ اﻻﻳﻘﻮﻧﺔ ﻻﻇﻬﺎر ال ‪: Elevation‬‬

‫- ﻳﺘﻢ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﺠﺰء اﻻﺧﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ ال ‪ Dom‬واﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻲ ‪.Delete‬‬

‫9- ﻳﺘﻢ اﺳﺘﺪﻋﺎء ال ‪ Cylinder‬ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ال ‪-: Template‬‬
‫‪Edit‬‬ ‫‪Add to Model From Template‬‬
‫وﻳﺘﻢ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر ‪Shell‬‬

‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر ‪Cylinder‬‬

‫ﻗﻄﺎع اﻻﺳﻄﻮاﻧﻪ‬

‫ﻣﻜﺎن ال ‪Cylinder‬‬ ‫ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ال ‪Cylinder‬‬

‫01- ﻳﺘﻢ رﺳﻢ ال ‪ Cone‬آﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ :-‬
‫- اﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﻧﻘﻄﻪ اﺳﻔﻞ ﺣﺮف اﻟﻘﺒﻪ ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻋﻠﻲ ﻣﺤﻮر ‪. X-Axis‬‬
‫- ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ هﺬﻩ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﻪ اﻟﻲ ‪ Frame Element‬ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل :‬
‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر ال ‪Joint‬‬ ‫‪Edit‬‬ ‫‪Extrude‬‬ ‫‪Extrude points to Frames‬‬
‫01=‪ Z‬وﻋﺪد اﻟﻨﺴﺦ )1( .‬ ‫- وﻳﺘﻢ ادﺧﺎل 4=‪X‬‬
‫- ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ هﺬا اﻟﺨﻂ اﻟﻲ ﺑﻼﻃﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل :‬
‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ‬ ‫‪Edit‬‬ ‫‪Extrude‬‬ ‫‪Extrude Lines to Areas‬‬

‫ﻳﺘﻢ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر ‪Radial‬‬

‫- ﻳﺘﻢ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﻣﺤﻮر ‪. Z-Axis‬‬
‫- ﻳﺘﻢ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﺰاوﻳﻪ 03 درﺟﻪ .‬
‫- ﻳﺘﻢ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﻋﺪد اﻟﻨﺴﺦ 21 ﻧﺴﺨﻪ .‬

‫ﺣﺬف اﻻﺻﻞ‬


‫11- ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺑﻼﻃﺎت ال ‪ Cone‬اﻟﻲ اﺟﺰاء ﺻﻐﻴﺮﻩ ﻓﻲ اﺗﺠﺎﻩ اﻻرﺗﻔﺎع .‬

‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت اﻟﻲ اﺟﺰاء ﺻﻐﻴﺮﻩ وذﻟﻚ ﻟﺰﻳﺎدة‬
‫اﻻﺗﺼﺎل ﺑﻴﻦ اﺟﺰاء اﻟﻤﺨﺮوط ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺆدي ذﻟﻚ اﻟﻲ‬
‫زﻳﺎدة دﻗﺔ اﻟﺤﻞ‬

‫‪Edit‬‬ ‫‪Edit Areas‬‬ ‫‪Divide Areas‬‬

‫ﻓﺘﻈﻬﺮ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬

‫21- ادﺧﺎل اﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ آﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ :-‬
‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر ال ‪ Joint‬اﻟﻤﺮاد ادﺧﺎل اﻟﺤﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫‪Assign‬‬ ‫‪Joint Patterns‬‬
‫ﻣﻠﺤﻮﻇﺔ هﺎﻣﺔ :-‬
‫ﻻﺑﺪ ان ﻳﻜﻮن اﺗﺠﺎﻩ 3 ‪ Local Axis‬ﻟﻠﺒﻼﻃﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻜﺲ اﺗﺠﺎﻩ ﺣﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ .‬


‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة داﺧﻞ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ال ‪ Sap‬آﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ :-‬
‫‪P = AX + BY + CZ + D‬‬
‫-: ‪From B.C‬‬
‫1- = ‪C‬‬ ‫61 = ‪D‬‬

‫ادﺧﺎل ﻗﻴﻢ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻣﻼت‬

‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﻧﻔﺲ ال ‪ Joint‬اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﻪ‬ ‫‪Assign‬‬ ‫‪Area Loads‬‬ ‫)‪Surface Pressure (All‬‬


‫ﻓﺘﻈﻬﺮ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
‫اﺳﻢ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ اﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬


Analysis of Beams in SAP2000

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Analysis of Beams in SAP2000