Final Review
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The document provides a review of key concepts related to the US Constitution and government. It defines terms like due process, search warrants, double jeopardy, the Bill of Rights, judicial review, the federal bureaucracy, executive departments, the National Security Council, presidential powers, taxation, foreign policy tools, the commerce power, congressional approval of appointments, and more. It also summarizes aspects of the legislative and executive branches, political parties, elections, and civic participation.
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- The powers and responsibilities of the three branches of government
Congress jeopardy round 1
This document is a Jeopardy-style game about the structure and powers of Congress. It contains questions and answers about topics like the bicameral legislature, powers of Congress like taxation, and checks on its power from the Supreme Court and presidential veto. The game covers the key elements of the US congressional system like committees, the legislative process, and oversight of the executive branch.
As participation and democracy
The document discusses whether Britain is a democratic country. It provides arguments that Britain is relatively democratic, such as most people have the right to vote and there are free elections. However, it also notes some limitations of democracy in Britain, such as unelected members of the House of Lords and restrictions on civil liberties. The document also examines topics like the purpose of elections, the difference between government and state, and how a government gains legitimacy and a mandate in Britain.
Constitution
A state is an organized political community governed by a government or self-governing entity. It differs from a nation, which is a group sharing a common culture, and from a government, which is the system that governs a state or community.
The key difference between a presidential and parliamentary system is that in a presidential system, the president is both head of state and government, separate from the legislative body, while in a parliamentary system the prime minister is part of the legislative body. Presidential systems also directly elect the president, while parliamentary systems elect the prime minister from the legislative branch.
The main difference between a unitary and federal system is that unitary systems concentrate power in a central authority, while federal systems divide
Foundations Jeopardy
The document discusses key principles and documents of American government such as:
- Consent of the governed is the principle that the government gets its power from the people.
- The Constitution established the system of checks and balances and separation of powers with 5 key principles guiding American government.
- Important founding documents include the Declaration of Independence, Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom, and the U.S. Constitution.
- The Constitution created a federal republic with two legislative houses, the Senate and House of Representatives.
AP Executive Branch Test
The document outlines topics related to presidential powers and the executive branch, including what the president can do alone, with the Senate, and with Congress as a whole. It discusses areas where presidential power is weak or strong and the hiring and firing process. It also mentions the bureaucracy, restraints on bureaucracy, sources of presidential power, checks and balances between the branches, impeachment, vetoes, treaties, White House staff, electoral college, cabinet secretaries, growth of presidential prestige, succession acts, qualifications for presidency, and attempts to reduce presidential power such as through the War Powers Act and Budget Impoundment Act.
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Sections 1 & 2 of the Judicial Branch
The document provides background information on the US Federal Judiciary system. It discusses key Supreme Court cases that established judicial review and the court's ability to declare laws unconstitutional. It also profiles the current Supreme Court justices and their ideological leanings. Additionally, it covers the process of selecting and confirming federal judges, noting the roles of the President and Senate in appointing and approving nominees.
Bureaucracy
A bureaucracy is a large, complex organization composed of appointed officials that handle the everyday business of an organization based on hierarchical authority, job specialization, and formalized rules. The American bureaucracy is distinctive because political authority is shared, most agencies share functions with state/local counterparts, and there has been growth in defining and defending personal rights. Bureaucracies are subject to oversight from Congress and the public and face issues like red tape, conflicts between agencies, and a tendency to grow without considering costs or benefits. Reforms aim to make bureaucracies more efficient and customer-focused.
Chapter 15, VA and US Government
The document provides an overview of the federal bureaucracy in the United States. It describes the bureaucracy as a large administrative structure that handles the everyday operations of the government. It operates through a hierarchical structure with specialized jobs and formal rules. The executive branch is composed of numerous executive departments and independent agencies, which carry out various tasks and regulatory functions. The civil service system works to staff these government agencies with qualified employees in a merit-based system.
Chapter 14, VA and US Government
The document discusses the growth of presidential power in the United States over time. It explains that presidents have accumulated more authority due to factors like the need for decisive emergency action and the increasing complexity of the economy and technology. Congress has also strengthened the presidency on various occasions. The core executive powers of the president outlined in the document include enforcing the law, appointing officials, conducting diplomacy and commanding the military, as well as certain legislative functions like proposing laws and vetoing bills. Critics argue some presidents have become too isolated and unaccountable in their use of executive authority.
Chapter 13, VA and US Government
The document outlines the many roles and responsibilities of the U.S. President, including as chief of state, chief executive, chief administrator, chief diplomat, commander-in-chief, chief legislator, chief of party, and chief citizen. It also discusses the presidential succession line and qualifications for the presidency. The vice presidency is described as generally an unimportant position. The selection process for president involves primaries, conventions, and the electoral college, which some argue against due to the possibility of someone winning the popular vote but losing the electoral college.
Section 7 of the Executive Branch
The document discusses the power of the US presidency over time. It lists 7 reasons for the growth of presidential power, including champions prevailing for a stronger presidency, providing national unity, demands for central government role, need for emergency action, expanded national government powers, use of mass media, and an international world. It also discusses arguments for both a weak and strong presidency, citing examples from various administrations to support each view.
Section 6 of the Executive Branch Unit
The document outlines the various powers of the presidency under the US Constitution. It discusses the president's powers as commander-in-chief of the armed forces, to appoint officials, make treaties, issue executive orders, and grant pardons. It also examines how presidential power has expanded over time through interpreting laws and the president's role in foreign policy and national security decisions. Congress has given the president broad authority to use military force without declaring war since World War II.
Sections 4 and 5 of the Executive Branch Unit
The document discusses the evolution of the presidency from its early years to modern times. It describes the debates around how the president should be elected and the compromise of the electoral college. It also outlines different structures of the White House office that presidents have adopted and the various councils and offices that comprise the Executive Office of the Presidency, such as the National Security Council and Office of Management and Budget.
Section 1 of the Executive Branch Unit
The document discusses the Executive Branch and the Office of the President. It outlines the formal qualifications to be President, including being at least 35 years old, a natural born citizen, and having lived in the US for at least 14 years. It also discusses the presidential term, succession, and characteristics of those usually elected. The Vice President's role is also examined, along with the presidential succession act and amendments regarding presidential disability.
MP2 Review for VA and US Government
The document provides information about the US legislative branch including:
1) There are three reasons for a bicameral legislature - the British model, to settle conflicts between small and large states, and for each house to check the other.
2) The President rarely calls special sessions as Congress is nearly always in session.
3) There are 435 seats in the House of Representatives which holds elections every two years in even numbered years.
AP Exam Review
This study guide provides an overview of the key topics and structure for an upcoming exam. The exam will have two parts: a 75 point multiple choice section and a 25 point writing section requiring two short essays. Topics covered in the study guide include the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation, examples of devolution, definitions of federalism, theories of elitism, comparisons of direct and representative democracy, distinctions between power, authority and legitimacy, debates around equality of opportunity vs equality of results, ways of political socialization, definitions of political efficacy, likely Democratic and Republican voters, important congressional committees, party characteristics, factors influencing voter turnout, definitions of gerrymandering and malapportionment, and indicators of presidential
Review for Legislative Branch Test
This document lists various topics related to the legislative branch of government that one should review for an upcoming test, including the seniority system in Congress, congressional oversight, checks and balances involving the legislative branch, the relationship between the president and Congress, elections and committees in the House of Representatives, and notable legislation passed by Congress.
Legislative Powers
Congress has both expressed and implied powers according to the Constitution. Expressed powers are explicitly listed, while implied powers are reasonably deduced from expressed powers. There has been debate over whether to interpret Congressional powers strictly, limiting them to only those absolutely necessary, or more liberally. Over time, the national government's power has expanded beyond what even liberal interpreters envisioned through broad interpretations of implied powers like the Necessary and Proper Clause. Congress has the power to tax, borrow money, regulate commerce, declare war, and more according to the Constitution.
Legislative Branch: 3rd Set of Notes
The document discusses several topics related to congressional incumbency:
1) Incumbency has become more of a career over time, with the proportion of first-term representatives falling from 58% in the 19th century to 8% by the 1960s.
2) Incumbents have advantages like name recognition, fundraising ability, and ability to perform constituent services, giving them a better chance of re-election.
3) Members of Congress can represent their constituents in different ways - as delegates by following voters' preferences, as trustees by following their own beliefs, or as partisans by prioritizing their political party. Most try to balance these approaches.
4) Congressional caucuses allow members
Second Set of Notes for Unit 4
The document discusses several key terms and issues related to the U.S. House of Representatives and Senate. It covers the process of reapportionment and redistricting of House seats after each census. It also discusses the roles and powers of House and Senate leadership positions like the Speaker of the House and Senate Majority Leader. Filibusters and cloture votes are also explained as tools used in the Senate.
Legislative Branch, First Set of Slides
The document discusses the roles and structures of the United States Congress based on information provided in Unit 4. It summarizes that Congress translates public will into policy by making laws, overseeing bureaucracy, building consensus, and clarifying policy. It then discusses key aspects of both the House of Representatives and Senate such as representation, elections, terms, qualifications, and diversity within each chamber.
Unit 3: Review
The document provides a review of topics for a Unit 3 test, including the Electoral College, differences between plurality and majority, key numbers and states in presidential elections, the role of incumbency, primary election timing, campaign finance reforms, and the functions of interest groups, PACs, and lobbyists. It also briefly discusses media coverage of campaigns and differences between primary and general election voters.
Chapter 7: Electoral Process
1. The document discusses the nominating process and elections in the United States. It outlines five ways candidates can become nominated - self announcement, caucuses, primaries (closed, open, blanket), and petitions.
2. It also discusses when elections are held, methods of voting including absentee/early voting, and innovations in voting technology from machines to online voting.
3. Campaign financing is also covered including sources of funds, regulations on contributions and expenditures from individuals and PACs, and recent reforms like the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act.
Media
This document discusses the history and evolution of mass media in the United States. It covers the party press of the early 1800s, the rise of popular newspapers by the late 1800s, and the impact of magazines, radio, television, and the internet. It also examines the roles of media as gatekeepers, scorekeepers, and watchdogs. Additionally, it discusses the concept of media bias and how government can influence media through regulation and licensing.
Interest Groups
Interest groups have become more common in the US due to the many divisions in American society and opportunities for groups to engage with the government system. Major periods of growth for interest groups included the late 1700s during independence movements, the 1830s-1860s during debates over slavery, and the 1900s onward as groups like the NAACP and farmers' unions organized. People join interest groups for social, material, and ideological reasons, and groups engage in activities like providing information to legislators, grassroots organizing, litigation, and lobbying to influence public policy. While money and campaign contributions can influence policy, other strategies may be more effective. Interest groups are regulated through disclosure requirements and tax laws.
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