FINAL PAPER 1
FINAL PAPER
1. INTRODUCTION 3
2. THREAT AND VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT 4
2.1. ASSESSMENT SCOPE 4
2.2. MEASURES TO THREATS AND VULNERABILITIES IN THE COMPANY 6
2.3. THREAT AGENTS AND POSSIBLE ATTACKS 7
2.4. EXPLOITABLE VULNERABILITIES 9
3. MITIGATION STRATEGY 10
4. BUSINESS CONTINUITY PLAN 14
4.1. TESTING A DISASTER RECOVERY PLAN 14
4.2. RISK MANAGEMENT PLAN 15
4.3. CHANGE MANAGEMENT PLAN IMPACT 16
5. SECURITY AWARENESS PROGRAM 17
6. CONCLUSION 19
7. REFERENCES 21
Introduction
Gerić and Hutinski (2017), define threat as a potential harm or danger and Vulnerability as the exposure to possibility of harm. In information systems and organizational data, threats and vulnerabilities infer to the possible harms and possible exposure to harm of the information systems infrastructure and organizational data (Gerić & Hutinski, 2017). Tesla Company is a multinational company that as businesses in technological products such as cloud computing, artificial intelligence and e-commerce (Tran, Childerhouse & Deakins, 2016). Developing and categorizing a security mitigation strategy is essential for companies that deal with any kind of threat to their business. Risk mitigations strategies are designed to control, reduce, and eliminate known risks that threaten the business with a specified undertaking to prevent injury. The security awareness program is important especially to companies like Tesla. Each employee is supposed to be aware of their roles and responsibilities in fighting against cyber threat and attack. Training must be attended by every employee to completion and their capabilities tested in a simulated attack so that they can be familiar with the types of attack to expect. This paper is going to focus on the kind of policies and procedures that will help the Tesla Company to improve security awareness so that they can reduce the risk of cyber threats and attacks.
2. Threat and vulnerability assessment
2.1Assessment Scope
Though in most cases threat and vulnerability assessment involve both physical and intangible assets like computer hard-wares ,organizational networks ,virtualization, database, cloud and mobile systems, this assessment would only focus on users and the intangible organizational assets which form the information system infrastructure of Tesla Inc. Precisely, the assessment would focus on cyber- related attacks on these information systems infrastructures.
Tesla has a broad range of information system infrastructure which include, people, information systems, information security systems (Tanwar et al., 2019). Tesla’s primary information system assets include E-commerce and web-based services, namely, cloud computing, database, ...
The literature and write report on information system security part 1 of 5 p...raufik tajuddin
1. The document discusses information system security and threats like distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks. It provides details on DDoS attacks like flood attacks and logic attacks.
2. It also discusses managing airport resources and the goal of smart airport automation systems to make airports more intelligent. The system gathers data from various sources to compute safe takeoff and landing sequences.
3. In conclusion, the document states there is no fail-safe security for information systems and discusses factors like prevention, detection, and deterrence that businesses should consider when designing security controls.
1
Running Head:Enterprise Risk Management
Worst Case Scenario 2
With the rise of technology, risks continue to be a significant concern in many firms. Each of the domains in an IT infrastructure experience security threats that alter the functionality of the organization. The paper provides an analysis of prospective threats faced by Afrotech, a technology company I worked for in the summer of 2017. There is two division of the threats; realm and fringe possible threats.
Realm threats
Firstly, is the destruction of data in the user domain. Typically, users destroy data in the application or delete all the information. In other cases, when the user inserts the data. Spoofing, pharming, and pishing of the user can lead to the destruction of files. In case the threat occurs, there is a loss of information (Vasileiadis, 2017). Loss of data has an impact on the organization. Enhancement of the user domain prevents the loss of data on the domain.
Unauthorized access leads to loss of information in a workstation domain. Typically, many users are accessing a workplace domain that increases hackers (Vasileiadis, 2017. A significant number of users on the workstation increase chances of hackers accessing the system. In case of the happening, the organization or individuals could risk losing information to unlawful persons. Loss of data is a violation of personal or organizational information. Improvement of authentication protocols lowers unauthorized access to information.
There is the destruction of programs on the network through a malware in a LAN domain. Typically, peer computers in the firm are connected to a trusted server within the local area in the network. The server receives and sends information to other computers in the network within the network. Malware on the peer or the server computers can lead to the destruction of programs in all machines. Consequently, the organization spends a substantial expanse of resources in replacement of the programs. Regular updating of the system lowers malware attacks.
SQL injection and corruption of data through attacks on the application Storage Domain. SQL injection can occur through the retrieving of data, subverting logic, or interference with the standard interface of the query (Vasileiadis, 2017). Typically, the injection of SQL leads to an attack of information on the database. Corruption of the information on the database leads to loss of information of high relevance to the organization. The organization can consider the validation of inputs to prevent injections.
Hacking information on VPN tunneling in remote access Domain and VPN tunneling occurs when information is passed from a person to another via insecure mediums such as the Internet (Stevens et al., 2017). The Internet is the most common method of sharing information that employees within the organization. The organization can use s.
Looking to understand how hackers and other attackers use cyber technology to attack your network and your executives? This slide set provides an overview and details the anatomy of a cyber attack, and the strategies you can use to manage and mitigate risk.
Causes And Consequences Of Data LeakagePatty Buckley
Here are the key points from the case study:
- Pepperdine University has embraced BYOD for many years, allowing students, faculty, and guests to use personal devices on the campus network.
- The university implemented Bradford Networks' Network Sentry solution to provide secure network access for BYOD users while also detecting and responding to security threats.
- Network Sentry integrates with Sourcefire IDS to enable rapid identification and remediation of threats. When threats are detected, Network Sentry can isolate infected devices from the network.
- This approach allows the university to safely support BYOD without restricting access for the majority of devices that are not infected. The focus is on responding to threats rather than restricting devices based
OverseeCyberSecurityAsHackersSeekToInfiltrateKashif Ali
This document discusses cyber security threats and their impact. It provides an overview of some growing cyber risks and how they can threaten the development of the information society. It argues that increased cooperation and information sharing between cyber security groups is needed to effectively address these challenges. Senior executives and governments must play a leading role in overseeing cyber security and minimizing risks through effective IT governance and strategic alignment of security systems. Overall cyber threats are increasing and declining trust in internet users, so concerted efforts are needed from all stakeholders to promote a more secure information environment.
INFORMATION SECURITY MANAGEMENT - Critique the employment of ethical hacking ...Hansa Edirisinghe
This report discuses the employment of ethical hacking through a disciplined, systematic analysis as a way of reviewing and strengthening the security of information systems. The preliminary objective of this study is therefore to understand the concept of Ethical Hacking. - By Hansa Edirisinghe
Collaborative defence for distributed attacks (case study of palestinian info...IJNSA Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a collaborative defense system to protect Palestinian information systems from distributed cyber attacks. The system allows different Palestinian organizations to share network traffic data and detect coordinated port scanning activities across multiple sites. Each organization monitors its own network using a local intrusion detection system. The systems then collaborate by exchanging suspicious activity lists through circulation units, and use threshold values to identify attacks targeting multiple organizations. An implementation of the system using Hadoop and Hive showed it can process network data from multiple participants to detect port scanning activities in a distributed collaborative manner.
The literature and write report on information system security part 1 of 5 p...raufik tajuddin
1. The document discusses information system security and threats like distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks. It provides details on DDoS attacks like flood attacks and logic attacks.
2. It also discusses managing airport resources and the goal of smart airport automation systems to make airports more intelligent. The system gathers data from various sources to compute safe takeoff and landing sequences.
3. In conclusion, the document states there is no fail-safe security for information systems and discusses factors like prevention, detection, and deterrence that businesses should consider when designing security controls.
1
Running Head:Enterprise Risk Management
Worst Case Scenario 2
With the rise of technology, risks continue to be a significant concern in many firms. Each of the domains in an IT infrastructure experience security threats that alter the functionality of the organization. The paper provides an analysis of prospective threats faced by Afrotech, a technology company I worked for in the summer of 2017. There is two division of the threats; realm and fringe possible threats.
Realm threats
Firstly, is the destruction of data in the user domain. Typically, users destroy data in the application or delete all the information. In other cases, when the user inserts the data. Spoofing, pharming, and pishing of the user can lead to the destruction of files. In case the threat occurs, there is a loss of information (Vasileiadis, 2017). Loss of data has an impact on the organization. Enhancement of the user domain prevents the loss of data on the domain.
Unauthorized access leads to loss of information in a workstation domain. Typically, many users are accessing a workplace domain that increases hackers (Vasileiadis, 2017. A significant number of users on the workstation increase chances of hackers accessing the system. In case of the happening, the organization or individuals could risk losing information to unlawful persons. Loss of data is a violation of personal or organizational information. Improvement of authentication protocols lowers unauthorized access to information.
There is the destruction of programs on the network through a malware in a LAN domain. Typically, peer computers in the firm are connected to a trusted server within the local area in the network. The server receives and sends information to other computers in the network within the network. Malware on the peer or the server computers can lead to the destruction of programs in all machines. Consequently, the organization spends a substantial expanse of resources in replacement of the programs. Regular updating of the system lowers malware attacks.
SQL injection and corruption of data through attacks on the application Storage Domain. SQL injection can occur through the retrieving of data, subverting logic, or interference with the standard interface of the query (Vasileiadis, 2017). Typically, the injection of SQL leads to an attack of information on the database. Corruption of the information on the database leads to loss of information of high relevance to the organization. The organization can consider the validation of inputs to prevent injections.
Hacking information on VPN tunneling in remote access Domain and VPN tunneling occurs when information is passed from a person to another via insecure mediums such as the Internet (Stevens et al., 2017). The Internet is the most common method of sharing information that employees within the organization. The organization can use s.
Looking to understand how hackers and other attackers use cyber technology to attack your network and your executives? This slide set provides an overview and details the anatomy of a cyber attack, and the strategies you can use to manage and mitigate risk.
Causes And Consequences Of Data LeakagePatty Buckley
Here are the key points from the case study:
- Pepperdine University has embraced BYOD for many years, allowing students, faculty, and guests to use personal devices on the campus network.
- The university implemented Bradford Networks' Network Sentry solution to provide secure network access for BYOD users while also detecting and responding to security threats.
- Network Sentry integrates with Sourcefire IDS to enable rapid identification and remediation of threats. When threats are detected, Network Sentry can isolate infected devices from the network.
- This approach allows the university to safely support BYOD without restricting access for the majority of devices that are not infected. The focus is on responding to threats rather than restricting devices based
OverseeCyberSecurityAsHackersSeekToInfiltrateKashif Ali
This document discusses cyber security threats and their impact. It provides an overview of some growing cyber risks and how they can threaten the development of the information society. It argues that increased cooperation and information sharing between cyber security groups is needed to effectively address these challenges. Senior executives and governments must play a leading role in overseeing cyber security and minimizing risks through effective IT governance and strategic alignment of security systems. Overall cyber threats are increasing and declining trust in internet users, so concerted efforts are needed from all stakeholders to promote a more secure information environment.
INFORMATION SECURITY MANAGEMENT - Critique the employment of ethical hacking ...Hansa Edirisinghe
This report discuses the employment of ethical hacking through a disciplined, systematic analysis as a way of reviewing and strengthening the security of information systems. The preliminary objective of this study is therefore to understand the concept of Ethical Hacking. - By Hansa Edirisinghe
Collaborative defence for distributed attacks (case study of palestinian info...IJNSA Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a collaborative defense system to protect Palestinian information systems from distributed cyber attacks. The system allows different Palestinian organizations to share network traffic data and detect coordinated port scanning activities across multiple sites. Each organization monitors its own network using a local intrusion detection system. The systems then collaborate by exchanging suspicious activity lists through circulation units, and use threshold values to identify attacks targeting multiple organizations. An implementation of the system using Hadoop and Hive showed it can process network data from multiple participants to detect port scanning activities in a distributed collaborative manner.
Security Issues Concerning Cryptosystems
Students Name
Institution Name
Instructor Name
Date
Introduction
In industry technology, cryptography refers to a technology that has the power to perform significant functions in discoursing specific forms of data susceptibility to attack.
It involves computer system security together with its operation network safety which functions towards accomplishing common subjects.
Cryptography in the technology industry is used to secret information from attack by unofficial groups, mostly during the exchange of information through entities when it is most unprotected to interception (Deb, 2007) .
It ensure that data is secure and confidential to all activities in the technology industry.
2
Security Threats To Technology Industry
Some of the common security threats in the technology industry include;
Privilege escalation which entails structured software activities that in many times have problems that can be exploited and have the power to access data significantly from sites protected from unauthorized users or applications and cause damages.
A virus is the other threat which involves computer software which has the power to copy and cause problems to other devices.
The trojan threat also known as Trojan horses are structured activities that aim at authorizing hidden hackers to enter into a computer and affect services and cause data issues Veronica (Henry,2010) .
The bugs in the privilege escalation threat act by tolerating approach to specific resources with significant rights that can avoid security measures.
The virus threat is transferred via interconnected networks or sharing devices like USB and portable means.
The main role of adware is to improve the focus on the demonstration of web advertisements.
3
Cont,
Spyware is a threat that can enter into a computer device via downloaded software and collect significant user data by tracing the internet functions and transferring that to attacking components.
Adware is a threat that functions just like spyware by monitoring individuals activities in a computer through internet scanning actions.
Impacts of security threats
In the technology industry the threats mentioned above have led to impacts like;
Social media attacks where social attackers are influencing social platforms as a way to spread risks known as water holing.
They also cause a lack of encryption which is essential for guarding confidential data.
The threats also cause outdated security software making them unable to prevent information from attacks.
They also cause inadequate security technology with weak security.
Countermeasure
Some of the fundamental countermeasures the technology industry uses include;
Ensuring strong password management
Employing firm security guards
Applying access management around an operating system
The sector also involves the implementation of important input/output systems known as BIOS password
Additionally, it also offers security awareness t.
Cyber Warfare is the current single greatest emerging threat to National Security. Network security has become an essential component of any computer network. As computer networks and systems become ever more fundamental to modern society, concerns about security has become increasingly important. There are a multitude of different applications open source and proprietary available for the protection +-system administrator, to decide on the most suitable format for their purpose requires knowledge of the available safety measures, their features and how they affect the quality of service, as well as the kind of data they will be allowing through un flagged. A majority of methods currently used to ensure the quality of a networks service are signature based. From this information, and details on the specifics of popular applications and their implementation methods, we have carried through the ideas, incorporating our own opinions, to formulate suggestions on how this could be done on a general level. The main objective was to design and develop an Intrusion Detection System. While the minor objectives were to; Design a port scanner to determine potential threats and mitigation techniques to withstand these attacks. Implement the system on a host and Run and test the designed IDS. In this project we set out to develop a Honey Pot IDS System. It would make it easy to listen on a range of ports and emulate a network protocol to track and identify any individuals trying to connect to your system. This IDS will use the following design approaches: Event correlation, Log analysis, Alerting, and policy enforcement. Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) attempt to identify unauthorized use, misuse, and abuse of computer systems. In response to the growth in the use and development of IDSs, we have developed a methodology for testing IDSs. The methodology consists of techniques from the field of software testing which we have adapted for the specific purpose of testing IDSs. In this paper, we identify a set of general IDS performance objectives which is the basis for the methodology. We present the details of the methodology, including strategies for test-case selection and specific testing procedures. We include quantitative results from testing experiments on the Network Security Monitor (NSM), an IDS developed at UC Davis. We present an overview of the software platform that we have used to create user-simulation scripts for testing experiments. The platform consists of the UNIX tool expect and enhancements that we have developed, including mechanisms for concurrent scripts and a record-and-replay feature. We also provide background information on intrusions and IDSs to motivate our work.
Running head Cryptography1Cryptography16.docxhealdkathaleen
Running head: Cryptography 1
Cryptography 16
Cryptography
Aisha Tate
UMUC
August 29, 2019
Hi Aisha
I am puzzled – didn’t we talk about a focused report for a particular organization? Did you review the table below. Please continue to work to improve your research skills and find peer-reviewed/scholarly resources to support your work.
Best wishes,
Dr K
Student Name: Aisha Tate
Date: 18-Sep-2019
This form provides the same classroom instructions in a checklist form to help students and professors quickly evaluate a submission
Project 5: Requires the Following TWO Pieces
Areas to Improve
1. Paper
2. Lab Experience Report with Screenshots
1. Paper
IT Systems Architecture
You will provide this information in tabular format and call it the Network Security and Vulnerability Threat Table
security architecture of the organization
the cryptographic means of protecting the assets of the organization
the types of known attacks against those types of protections
means to ward off the attacks
Include and define the following components of security in the architecture of your organization, and explain if threats to these components are likely, or unlikely:
LAN security
identity management
physical security
personal security
availability
privacy
Then list the security defenses you employ in your organization to mitigate these types of attacks.
Needs better research and writing skills
Plan of Protection
Learn more about the transmission of files that do not seem suspicious but that actually have embedded malicious payload, undetectable to human hearing or vision. This type of threat can enter your organization’s networks and databases undetected through the use of steganography or data hiding. You should include this type of threat vector to an organization in your report to leadership.
No details on organization or strategy?
Provide the leadership of your organization with your plan for protecting identity, access, authorization and nonrepudiation of information transmission, storage, and usage
Data Hiding Technologies
describe to your organization the various cryptographic means of protecting its assets. descriptions will be included in the network security vulnerability and threat table for leadership
Basic elements explained
Encryption Technologies
1. Shift / Caesar cipher
2. Polyalphabetic cipher
3. One time pad cipher/Vernam cipher/perfect cipher
4. Block ciphers
5. triple DES
6. RSA
7. Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)
8. Symmetric encryption
9. Text block coding
Data Hiding Technologies
1. Information hiding and steganography
2. Digital watermarking
3. Masks and filtering
Network Security Vulnerability and Threat Table
Describe the various cryptographic means of protecting its assets. descriptions will be included in the network security vulnerability and threat table for leadership
Basic information provided
Encryption Technologies
1. Shift / Caesar cipher
2. Polyalphabetic ...
“Data in storage” of the Cloud environments are more “Vulnerable to Attacks.” Explained in the Technet magazine in July 2013 by Dan C. Marinescu, Professor of Computer Science, http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/dn271884.aspx
The document provides an overview of cyber risks and proposes a governance framework to manage those risks. It defines key concepts like cyber, security, threats and governance. It then presents a meta-model and framework with four core concepts: risks, response, reputation and resources that revolve around an organization's cyber ecosystem. The framework is intended to provide high-level guidance for executives on continuously governing cyber risks through a strategic approach.
COLLABORATIVE DEFENCE FOR DISTRIBUTED ATTACKS (CASE STUDY OF PALESTINIAN INFO...IJNSA Journal
In this paper, we develop a comprehensive approach for protecting national Palestinian information systems. We do not restrict our attention to protecting each individual organization, but rather focus on the entire ecosystem as a whole. Therefore, the developed system will be opened for participation for all Palestinian governmental and non-governmental organizations who are interested in improving their security and protection against current threats and security attacks targeting Palestinian information systems. The results will help in raising the awareness about information security for participating organization.
MIST Effective Masquerade Attack Detection in the CloudKumar Goud
Abstract: Cloud computing promises to significantly change the way we use computers and access and store our personal and business information. With these new computing and communications paradigms arise new data security challenges. Existing data protection mechanisms such as encryption have failed in preventing data theft attacks, especially those perpetrated by an insider to the cloud provider. We propose a different approach for securing data in the cloud using offensive decoy technology. We monitor data access in the cloud and detect abnormal data access patterns. When unauthorized access is suspected and then verified using challenge questions, we launch a disinformation attack by returning large amounts of decoy information to the attacker. This protects against the misuse of the user’s real data. Experiments conducted in a local file setting provide evidence that this approach may provide unprecedented levels of user data security in a Cloud environment.
Keywords: Mist, Insider data stealing, Bait information, Lure Files, Validating user
CHAPTER 15
HRIS Privacy and Security
1
WHY PRIVACY IS CRITICALLY IMPORTANT
An HRIS includes a great deal of confidential data about employees, such as Social Security numbers, medical data, bank account data, salaries, domestic partner benefits, employment test scores, and performance evaluations.
It is critical for organizations to understand and pay close attention to what employee data is collected, stored, manipulated, used, and distributed—when, why, and by whom.
Organizations also need to carefully consider the internal and external threats to these data and develop strong information security plans and procedures to protect these data and comply with legislative mandates.
Kavanagh, Human Resource Information Systems 4e. SAGE Publications, 2018.
2
WHY PRIVACY IS CRITICALLY IMPORTANT
However, starting in the 1990s, as computer networks became more common, threats to information security became more involved due to the presence of enterprise-wide systems.
There is a growing concern about the extent to which these systems permit users (both inside and outside of the organization) to access a wide array of personal information about employees. As a result, employees may perceive that if these data are accessed by others, the information contained in their employment files may embarrass them or result in negative outcomes (e.g., denial of promotion or challenging job assignment).
Kavanagh, Human Resource Information Systems 4e. SAGE Publications, 2018.
3
WHY PRIVACY IS CRITICALLY IMPORTANT
Recent research suggests that this concern may be well founded. For example, one report indicated that over 500 million organizational records have been breached since 2005, and there has been a rise in the theft of employment data (Privacy Rights Clearinghouse, 2010).
In view of the growing concern about identity theft and the security of employment information in HRIS, a number of states (e.g., AK, CA, FL, HI, IL, LA, MO, NY, SC, WA) passed privacy laws requiring organizations to adopt reasonable security practices to prevent unauthorized access to personal data (Privacy Protections in State Constitutions, 2012).
Kavanagh, Human Resource Information Systems 4e. SAGE Publications, 2018.
4
WHY PRIVACY IS CRITICALLY IMPORTANT
Despite these new laws, results of surveys revealed that 43% of businesses stated that they did not put any new security solutions in place to prevent the inadvertent release or access to employee data, and almost half did not change any internal policies to ensure that data were secure.
The cost of these data breaches can be large. For example, the average cost of a data breach has increased to almost $7 million per firm.
Kavanagh, Human Resource Information Systems 4e. SAGE Publications, 2018.
5
WHY PRIVACY IS CRITICALLY IMPORTANT
Software vendors, such as Oracle, are aware of the potential for security breaches and offer multiple security models (e.g., Standard HRIS Security and ...
A comprehensive study on classification of passive intrusion and extrusion de...csandit
Cyber criminals compromise Integrity, Availability and Confidentiality of network resources in
cyber space and cause remote class intrusions such as U2R, R2L, DoS and probe/scan system
attacks .To handle these intrusions, Cyber Security uses three audit and monitoring systems
namely Intrusion Prevention Systems (IPS), Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS). Intrusion
Detection System (IDS) monitors only inbound traffic which is insufficient to prevent botnet
systems. A system to monitor outbound traffic is named as Extrusion Detection System (EDS).
Therefore a hybrid system should be designed to handle both inbound and outbound traffic.
Due to the increased false alarms preventive systems do not suite to an organizational network.
The goal of this paper is to devise a taxonomy for cyber security and study the existing methods
of Intrusion and Extrusion Detection systems based on three primary characteristics. The
metrics used to evaluate IDS and EDS are also presented.
A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY ON CLASSIFICATION OF PASSIVE INTRUSION AND EXTRUSION DE...cscpconf
Cyber criminals compromise Integrity, Availability and Confidentiality of network resources in cyber space and cause remote class intrusions such as U2R, R2L, DoS and probe/scan system attacks .To handle these intrusions, Cyber Security uses three audit and monitoring systems namely Intrusion Prevention Systems (IPS), Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS). Intrusion
Detection System (IDS) monitors only inbound traffic which is insufficient to prevent botnet systems. A system to monitor outbound traffic is named as Extrusion Detection System (EDS).
Therefore a hybrid system should be designed to handle both inbound and outbound traffic. Due to the increased false alarms preventive systems do not suite to an organizational network.
The goal of this paper is to devise a taxonomy for cyber security and study the existing methods of Intrusion and Extrusion Detection systems based on three primary characteristics. The
metrics used to evaluate IDS and EDS are also presented.
The document provides an overview of threat landscapes, common threat actors, and tools used in cyber attacks against corporations. It discusses how threat landscapes change over time due to new vulnerabilities, software/hardware, and global events. Common threat actors described include white hat, gray hat, and black hat hackers. A variety of penetration testing and hacking tools are outlined that threat actors use, such as password crackers, wireless hacking tools, network scanners, packet sniffers, and vulnerability exploitation tools. Different types of attacks like eavesdropping, data modification, and IP spoofing are also summarized.
Data Leak Protection Using Text Mining and Social Network AnalysisIJERD Editor
Data Leak prevention is a research field which deals with study of potential security threats to
organizational data and strategies to prevent such threats. Data leaks involve the release of sensitive information
to an untrusted third party, intentionally or otherwise while data loss on the other hand is disappearance or
damage of data, inwhich a correct data copy isno longer available to the organization.Thesecorrespond toa
compromise of data integrity oravailability. Data leak/loss has led to huge loss of revenue in the affected
organisation and a threat to their continued existence. All organisations using electronic data storage are
vulnerable to this attack. This research work is targeted at organisations with sensitive datasuch as Bank,
Manufacturing industries, GSM operators, research centres, Military, Higher Educational Institutions and so
on.The authorsanalyse the possible threats to organisational data and the parties that are involved in such threat,
the impact of successful attack on an organisation,and current approaches to DLP.The authorsalso design a DLP
modelusing “text mining” and “social network analysis”, and suggested further research into “text mining” and
“social network analysis”for effective future solution to DLP problems.In conclusion, implementation of this
design with adherence to good data security practices and proactive strategies suggested in thispaper will
significantly reduce the risk of such security threats.
Advanced persistent threat (apt) & data centric audit and protection (dacp)CloudMask inc.
It is undeniable that the high-value target sectors, such as Defense and the Security sector, face targeted and focused threats that no other sector faces. These sectors affect the livelihood of millions, and any breach can have a major impact on National Security. In this high-level discussion, we focus on ‘Advanced Persistent Threat’ (APT). APT is one of the most sophisticated threats to high-value defense and security systems. Our discussion of APT will be based on Lockheed Martin and its Cyber Kill Chain.
Running head technology vulnerabilities in the cloud AKHIL969626
This document discusses technology vulnerabilities in cloud computing. It identifies several common vulnerabilities, including misconfigured cloud storage that can expose sensitive data, unstable APIs that can be exploited by attackers if not properly authenticated and authorized, and intellectual property theft if confidential files are shared on cloud platforms without security. Cloud computing brings benefits of scalability and cost savings but also risks, as vulnerabilities can enable threats like data breaches or malicious attacks on cloud services and infrastructure. Proper security controls are needed to protect against exploitation of vulnerabilities in cloud technology.
Cyber Security Department
Graduation Project (407422)
Project Title Here ….
Submitted By:
Student Name
Student ID
Name 1
Id1
Term:
Date:
33 | Page
Table of Contents
1.Introduction5
2.Problem Statement5
3.Background5
4.Requirements and specification5
4.1.UserGroups5
4.2.Functional Requirements6
4.3.Non-Functional Requirements (NFRs)7
5.System Design10
5.1.
Solution
Concept10
5.2.Proposed System Architecture11
5.2.1Alternative 111
5.2.2Aternative 211
5.2.3etc11
5.2.4Production and Staging Environments13
5.3.Component Design13
5.3.1Hardware Components13
5.3.2Software Components13
5.3.2.1User Interface – Web client13
5.3.2.2.UseCaseDescription13
5.3.2.3.Back-End Database14
4.4.Design Evaluation15
6.Implementation16
6.1System Implemented Architecture16
6.1.1.Tier Two – Application Server and Web-Server16
6.1.1.1.The Web-Server16
<<if needed>>16
6.2Access Levels16
6.3System Services or Functionalities16
7.Testing, Analysis and Evaluation17
7.1Testing Methodology17
7.2System Analysis and Evaluation17
7.3Test Execution and Test Results17
7.3.1Integration Testing17
7.3.2Functional Testing17
7.4Examples on testing18
7.4.1Check password Strength18
<< this might be an example of testing password strength>>18
8.Issues, Engineering Tools and Standards18
8.1.Issues18
8.2.Engineering Tools and Standards18
9.Teamwork18
10.Conclusion20
10.1.Conclusion20
10.2.Future Work20
Appendix A: Test Plan21
Appendix B: Progress Report-Teamwork22
Appendix C- Attachments and Source Code24
References25
29 | Page
List of Figures
Figure 5 Use-Case Diagram12
Figure 7 High Level Implementation Architecture15
Figure 14 Security Domains Access Levels15
List of Tables
Table 1 User Groups5
Table 2 Non Functional Requirements7
Table 3 System Use Case Description12
Table 4 Comparing On-Cloud and On-Site Options14
Table 7 Team responsiblites, Contributions, and expertise18
1. Introduction
Systems and workstations that are running Microsoft Windows but have not been patched against the vulnerability that is known as "Eternal Blue" are susceptible to having their data stolen if the vulnerability has not been patched. A vulnerability is a fault in a computer system that, when exploited, could compromise the device's or system's level of security (Ding, et al., 2019). After the security flaw has been exploited, the hacker will be able to steal information, which will result in a data breach. The SMBv01 protocol that is utilized by Windows systems is the target of the vulnerability known as Eternal Blue.
Techniques such as heap spraying and buffers overrun are utilized throughout the attack in order to gain access to systems and devices that are powered by Windows operating systems. Notably, this vulnerability was exploited in the WannaCry ransomware attack that occurred in 2017, which encrypted the files of victims and demanded a ransom in order to decrypt the information. After it was initially launched, the attack would quickly spread to other systems, delivering co ...
HYBRIDIZED MODEL FOR DATA SECURITY BASED ON SECURITY HASH ANALYSIS (SHA 512) ...IJNSA Journal
High-profile security breaches and attacks on many organization’s database have been on the increase and the consequences of this, are the adverse effect on the organizations in terms of financial loss and reputation. Many of the security breaches has been ascribed to the vulnerability of the organization’s networks, security policy and operations. Additionally, the emerging technology solutions like Internet-ofThings (IoT), Artificial Intelligence, and Cloud Computing, has extremely exposed many of the organizations to different forms of cyber-threats and attacks. Researchers and system designers have made attempts to proffer solution to some of these challenges. However, the efficacy of the techniques remains a great concern due to insufficient control mechanisms. For instance, many of the techniques are majorly based on a single mode encryption techniques which are not too robust to withstand the threats and attacks on organization’s database. To proffer solution to these challenges, the current research designed and integrated a hybridized data security model based on Secured Hash Analysis (SHA 512) and Salting Techniques to enhance the adeptness of the existing techniques. The Hash Analysis algorithm was used to map the data considered to a bit string of a fixed length and salt was added to the password strings essentially to hide its real hash value. The idea of adding salt to the end of the password is basically to complicate the password cracking process. The hybridized model was implemented in Windows environment using python 3.7 IDE platform and tested on a dedicated Local Area Network (LAN) that was exposed to threats from both internal and external sources. The results from the test show that the model performed well in terms of efficiency and robustness to attacks. The performance of the new model recorded a high level of improvement over the existing techniques with a recital of 97.6%.
This document summarizes a research paper on developing a honey pot intrusion detection system. The paper introduces cyber warfare as a growing threat and the need for effective network security. It then describes designing and implementing a honey pot IDS to detect potential threats on a host system by emulating network services and monitoring connections. The IDS would use event correlation, log analysis, alerting and policy enforcement. The document provides background on intrusions, IDS testing methodology, and reasons why only creating secure systems is not enough to prevent all intrusions.
This document discusses controls for protecting critical information infrastructure from cyberattacks. It begins by examining vulnerabilities in critical information infrastructure that cyberthreats exploit to launch attacks, such as software vulnerabilities, personnel vulnerabilities, and network protocol vulnerabilities. It then analyzes various cyberthreats like malware, distributed denial of service attacks, cyberwarfare, and social engineering that target these vulnerabilities. The document proposes implementing a system of preventive, detective, and corrective security controls based on general systems theory to address the vulnerabilities. Finally, it presents a model for securing critical information infrastructure that is currently insecure.
Survey of different Web Application Attacks & Its Preventive MeasuresIOSR Journals
This document summarizes different types of web application attacks and proposed preventative measures. It discusses denial of service (DOS) attacks, cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks, SQL injection attacks, and request encoding attacks that have occurred from 2012-2014. Statistics on the financial impact of these attacks on various industries are provided. The document then proposes solutions to prevent DOS attacks, XSS attacks, SQL injection attacks, and request encoding attacks. These include implementing input validation, output encoding, access control, and encryption. Overall, the document aims to survey common web application attacks and identify best practices for building secure applications.
Basic Home Computer Network And Computer Network Security...Jennifer Letterman
The document discusses computer network security planning and risks for home networks. It notes that careful planning is important for robust security, and a security plan should consider a wide range of risks and vulnerabilities to develop a strategy to reduce exposure. Key security risks for home networks include what needs protection and common vulnerabilities like hacking, malware, and insecure network architecture/design. The document also lists vulnerabilities like weak passwords and outlines ways to identify and address vulnerabilities through scanning and auditing.
please read the attached file cearfully before telling me you can do.docxChereCheek752
please read the attached file cearfully before telling me you can do it.
I need a complete
power
point presentation (that incloud outlines and pictures) that pointing
3 main points
on the
topic
that is mentioned in the attached file + the speech for the slides that must be 5-7 min lon.
.
please read my post carefully.then place handshakei have the wor.docxChereCheek752
please read my post carefully.then place handshake
i have the work already but i want u do
introduction, background, and conclusion
for it.
and some changes on the paper that already written.
you just need to
add three pages on my paper
.
deadline 20-24 hours.
i attached my paper,
.
Security Issues Concerning Cryptosystems
Students Name
Institution Name
Instructor Name
Date
Introduction
In industry technology, cryptography refers to a technology that has the power to perform significant functions in discoursing specific forms of data susceptibility to attack.
It involves computer system security together with its operation network safety which functions towards accomplishing common subjects.
Cryptography in the technology industry is used to secret information from attack by unofficial groups, mostly during the exchange of information through entities when it is most unprotected to interception (Deb, 2007) .
It ensure that data is secure and confidential to all activities in the technology industry.
2
Security Threats To Technology Industry
Some of the common security threats in the technology industry include;
Privilege escalation which entails structured software activities that in many times have problems that can be exploited and have the power to access data significantly from sites protected from unauthorized users or applications and cause damages.
A virus is the other threat which involves computer software which has the power to copy and cause problems to other devices.
The trojan threat also known as Trojan horses are structured activities that aim at authorizing hidden hackers to enter into a computer and affect services and cause data issues Veronica (Henry,2010) .
The bugs in the privilege escalation threat act by tolerating approach to specific resources with significant rights that can avoid security measures.
The virus threat is transferred via interconnected networks or sharing devices like USB and portable means.
The main role of adware is to improve the focus on the demonstration of web advertisements.
3
Cont,
Spyware is a threat that can enter into a computer device via downloaded software and collect significant user data by tracing the internet functions and transferring that to attacking components.
Adware is a threat that functions just like spyware by monitoring individuals activities in a computer through internet scanning actions.
Impacts of security threats
In the technology industry the threats mentioned above have led to impacts like;
Social media attacks where social attackers are influencing social platforms as a way to spread risks known as water holing.
They also cause a lack of encryption which is essential for guarding confidential data.
The threats also cause outdated security software making them unable to prevent information from attacks.
They also cause inadequate security technology with weak security.
Countermeasure
Some of the fundamental countermeasures the technology industry uses include;
Ensuring strong password management
Employing firm security guards
Applying access management around an operating system
The sector also involves the implementation of important input/output systems known as BIOS password
Additionally, it also offers security awareness t.
Cyber Warfare is the current single greatest emerging threat to National Security. Network security has become an essential component of any computer network. As computer networks and systems become ever more fundamental to modern society, concerns about security has become increasingly important. There are a multitude of different applications open source and proprietary available for the protection +-system administrator, to decide on the most suitable format for their purpose requires knowledge of the available safety measures, their features and how they affect the quality of service, as well as the kind of data they will be allowing through un flagged. A majority of methods currently used to ensure the quality of a networks service are signature based. From this information, and details on the specifics of popular applications and their implementation methods, we have carried through the ideas, incorporating our own opinions, to formulate suggestions on how this could be done on a general level. The main objective was to design and develop an Intrusion Detection System. While the minor objectives were to; Design a port scanner to determine potential threats and mitigation techniques to withstand these attacks. Implement the system on a host and Run and test the designed IDS. In this project we set out to develop a Honey Pot IDS System. It would make it easy to listen on a range of ports and emulate a network protocol to track and identify any individuals trying to connect to your system. This IDS will use the following design approaches: Event correlation, Log analysis, Alerting, and policy enforcement. Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) attempt to identify unauthorized use, misuse, and abuse of computer systems. In response to the growth in the use and development of IDSs, we have developed a methodology for testing IDSs. The methodology consists of techniques from the field of software testing which we have adapted for the specific purpose of testing IDSs. In this paper, we identify a set of general IDS performance objectives which is the basis for the methodology. We present the details of the methodology, including strategies for test-case selection and specific testing procedures. We include quantitative results from testing experiments on the Network Security Monitor (NSM), an IDS developed at UC Davis. We present an overview of the software platform that we have used to create user-simulation scripts for testing experiments. The platform consists of the UNIX tool expect and enhancements that we have developed, including mechanisms for concurrent scripts and a record-and-replay feature. We also provide background information on intrusions and IDSs to motivate our work.
Running head Cryptography1Cryptography16.docxhealdkathaleen
Running head: Cryptography 1
Cryptography 16
Cryptography
Aisha Tate
UMUC
August 29, 2019
Hi Aisha
I am puzzled – didn’t we talk about a focused report for a particular organization? Did you review the table below. Please continue to work to improve your research skills and find peer-reviewed/scholarly resources to support your work.
Best wishes,
Dr K
Student Name: Aisha Tate
Date: 18-Sep-2019
This form provides the same classroom instructions in a checklist form to help students and professors quickly evaluate a submission
Project 5: Requires the Following TWO Pieces
Areas to Improve
1. Paper
2. Lab Experience Report with Screenshots
1. Paper
IT Systems Architecture
You will provide this information in tabular format and call it the Network Security and Vulnerability Threat Table
security architecture of the organization
the cryptographic means of protecting the assets of the organization
the types of known attacks against those types of protections
means to ward off the attacks
Include and define the following components of security in the architecture of your organization, and explain if threats to these components are likely, or unlikely:
LAN security
identity management
physical security
personal security
availability
privacy
Then list the security defenses you employ in your organization to mitigate these types of attacks.
Needs better research and writing skills
Plan of Protection
Learn more about the transmission of files that do not seem suspicious but that actually have embedded malicious payload, undetectable to human hearing or vision. This type of threat can enter your organization’s networks and databases undetected through the use of steganography or data hiding. You should include this type of threat vector to an organization in your report to leadership.
No details on organization or strategy?
Provide the leadership of your organization with your plan for protecting identity, access, authorization and nonrepudiation of information transmission, storage, and usage
Data Hiding Technologies
describe to your organization the various cryptographic means of protecting its assets. descriptions will be included in the network security vulnerability and threat table for leadership
Basic elements explained
Encryption Technologies
1. Shift / Caesar cipher
2. Polyalphabetic cipher
3. One time pad cipher/Vernam cipher/perfect cipher
4. Block ciphers
5. triple DES
6. RSA
7. Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)
8. Symmetric encryption
9. Text block coding
Data Hiding Technologies
1. Information hiding and steganography
2. Digital watermarking
3. Masks and filtering
Network Security Vulnerability and Threat Table
Describe the various cryptographic means of protecting its assets. descriptions will be included in the network security vulnerability and threat table for leadership
Basic information provided
Encryption Technologies
1. Shift / Caesar cipher
2. Polyalphabetic ...
“Data in storage” of the Cloud environments are more “Vulnerable to Attacks.” Explained in the Technet magazine in July 2013 by Dan C. Marinescu, Professor of Computer Science, http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/dn271884.aspx
The document provides an overview of cyber risks and proposes a governance framework to manage those risks. It defines key concepts like cyber, security, threats and governance. It then presents a meta-model and framework with four core concepts: risks, response, reputation and resources that revolve around an organization's cyber ecosystem. The framework is intended to provide high-level guidance for executives on continuously governing cyber risks through a strategic approach.
COLLABORATIVE DEFENCE FOR DISTRIBUTED ATTACKS (CASE STUDY OF PALESTINIAN INFO...IJNSA Journal
In this paper, we develop a comprehensive approach for protecting national Palestinian information systems. We do not restrict our attention to protecting each individual organization, but rather focus on the entire ecosystem as a whole. Therefore, the developed system will be opened for participation for all Palestinian governmental and non-governmental organizations who are interested in improving their security and protection against current threats and security attacks targeting Palestinian information systems. The results will help in raising the awareness about information security for participating organization.
MIST Effective Masquerade Attack Detection in the CloudKumar Goud
Abstract: Cloud computing promises to significantly change the way we use computers and access and store our personal and business information. With these new computing and communications paradigms arise new data security challenges. Existing data protection mechanisms such as encryption have failed in preventing data theft attacks, especially those perpetrated by an insider to the cloud provider. We propose a different approach for securing data in the cloud using offensive decoy technology. We monitor data access in the cloud and detect abnormal data access patterns. When unauthorized access is suspected and then verified using challenge questions, we launch a disinformation attack by returning large amounts of decoy information to the attacker. This protects against the misuse of the user’s real data. Experiments conducted in a local file setting provide evidence that this approach may provide unprecedented levels of user data security in a Cloud environment.
Keywords: Mist, Insider data stealing, Bait information, Lure Files, Validating user
CHAPTER 15
HRIS Privacy and Security
1
WHY PRIVACY IS CRITICALLY IMPORTANT
An HRIS includes a great deal of confidential data about employees, such as Social Security numbers, medical data, bank account data, salaries, domestic partner benefits, employment test scores, and performance evaluations.
It is critical for organizations to understand and pay close attention to what employee data is collected, stored, manipulated, used, and distributed—when, why, and by whom.
Organizations also need to carefully consider the internal and external threats to these data and develop strong information security plans and procedures to protect these data and comply with legislative mandates.
Kavanagh, Human Resource Information Systems 4e. SAGE Publications, 2018.
2
WHY PRIVACY IS CRITICALLY IMPORTANT
However, starting in the 1990s, as computer networks became more common, threats to information security became more involved due to the presence of enterprise-wide systems.
There is a growing concern about the extent to which these systems permit users (both inside and outside of the organization) to access a wide array of personal information about employees. As a result, employees may perceive that if these data are accessed by others, the information contained in their employment files may embarrass them or result in negative outcomes (e.g., denial of promotion or challenging job assignment).
Kavanagh, Human Resource Information Systems 4e. SAGE Publications, 2018.
3
WHY PRIVACY IS CRITICALLY IMPORTANT
Recent research suggests that this concern may be well founded. For example, one report indicated that over 500 million organizational records have been breached since 2005, and there has been a rise in the theft of employment data (Privacy Rights Clearinghouse, 2010).
In view of the growing concern about identity theft and the security of employment information in HRIS, a number of states (e.g., AK, CA, FL, HI, IL, LA, MO, NY, SC, WA) passed privacy laws requiring organizations to adopt reasonable security practices to prevent unauthorized access to personal data (Privacy Protections in State Constitutions, 2012).
Kavanagh, Human Resource Information Systems 4e. SAGE Publications, 2018.
4
WHY PRIVACY IS CRITICALLY IMPORTANT
Despite these new laws, results of surveys revealed that 43% of businesses stated that they did not put any new security solutions in place to prevent the inadvertent release or access to employee data, and almost half did not change any internal policies to ensure that data were secure.
The cost of these data breaches can be large. For example, the average cost of a data breach has increased to almost $7 million per firm.
Kavanagh, Human Resource Information Systems 4e. SAGE Publications, 2018.
5
WHY PRIVACY IS CRITICALLY IMPORTANT
Software vendors, such as Oracle, are aware of the potential for security breaches and offer multiple security models (e.g., Standard HRIS Security and ...
A comprehensive study on classification of passive intrusion and extrusion de...csandit
Cyber criminals compromise Integrity, Availability and Confidentiality of network resources in
cyber space and cause remote class intrusions such as U2R, R2L, DoS and probe/scan system
attacks .To handle these intrusions, Cyber Security uses three audit and monitoring systems
namely Intrusion Prevention Systems (IPS), Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS). Intrusion
Detection System (IDS) monitors only inbound traffic which is insufficient to prevent botnet
systems. A system to monitor outbound traffic is named as Extrusion Detection System (EDS).
Therefore a hybrid system should be designed to handle both inbound and outbound traffic.
Due to the increased false alarms preventive systems do not suite to an organizational network.
The goal of this paper is to devise a taxonomy for cyber security and study the existing methods
of Intrusion and Extrusion Detection systems based on three primary characteristics. The
metrics used to evaluate IDS and EDS are also presented.
A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY ON CLASSIFICATION OF PASSIVE INTRUSION AND EXTRUSION DE...cscpconf
Cyber criminals compromise Integrity, Availability and Confidentiality of network resources in cyber space and cause remote class intrusions such as U2R, R2L, DoS and probe/scan system attacks .To handle these intrusions, Cyber Security uses three audit and monitoring systems namely Intrusion Prevention Systems (IPS), Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS). Intrusion
Detection System (IDS) monitors only inbound traffic which is insufficient to prevent botnet systems. A system to monitor outbound traffic is named as Extrusion Detection System (EDS).
Therefore a hybrid system should be designed to handle both inbound and outbound traffic. Due to the increased false alarms preventive systems do not suite to an organizational network.
The goal of this paper is to devise a taxonomy for cyber security and study the existing methods of Intrusion and Extrusion Detection systems based on three primary characteristics. The
metrics used to evaluate IDS and EDS are also presented.
The document provides an overview of threat landscapes, common threat actors, and tools used in cyber attacks against corporations. It discusses how threat landscapes change over time due to new vulnerabilities, software/hardware, and global events. Common threat actors described include white hat, gray hat, and black hat hackers. A variety of penetration testing and hacking tools are outlined that threat actors use, such as password crackers, wireless hacking tools, network scanners, packet sniffers, and vulnerability exploitation tools. Different types of attacks like eavesdropping, data modification, and IP spoofing are also summarized.
Data Leak Protection Using Text Mining and Social Network AnalysisIJERD Editor
Data Leak prevention is a research field which deals with study of potential security threats to
organizational data and strategies to prevent such threats. Data leaks involve the release of sensitive information
to an untrusted third party, intentionally or otherwise while data loss on the other hand is disappearance or
damage of data, inwhich a correct data copy isno longer available to the organization.Thesecorrespond toa
compromise of data integrity oravailability. Data leak/loss has led to huge loss of revenue in the affected
organisation and a threat to their continued existence. All organisations using electronic data storage are
vulnerable to this attack. This research work is targeted at organisations with sensitive datasuch as Bank,
Manufacturing industries, GSM operators, research centres, Military, Higher Educational Institutions and so
on.The authorsanalyse the possible threats to organisational data and the parties that are involved in such threat,
the impact of successful attack on an organisation,and current approaches to DLP.The authorsalso design a DLP
modelusing “text mining” and “social network analysis”, and suggested further research into “text mining” and
“social network analysis”for effective future solution to DLP problems.In conclusion, implementation of this
design with adherence to good data security practices and proactive strategies suggested in thispaper will
significantly reduce the risk of such security threats.
Advanced persistent threat (apt) & data centric audit and protection (dacp)CloudMask inc.
It is undeniable that the high-value target sectors, such as Defense and the Security sector, face targeted and focused threats that no other sector faces. These sectors affect the livelihood of millions, and any breach can have a major impact on National Security. In this high-level discussion, we focus on ‘Advanced Persistent Threat’ (APT). APT is one of the most sophisticated threats to high-value defense and security systems. Our discussion of APT will be based on Lockheed Martin and its Cyber Kill Chain.
Running head technology vulnerabilities in the cloud AKHIL969626
This document discusses technology vulnerabilities in cloud computing. It identifies several common vulnerabilities, including misconfigured cloud storage that can expose sensitive data, unstable APIs that can be exploited by attackers if not properly authenticated and authorized, and intellectual property theft if confidential files are shared on cloud platforms without security. Cloud computing brings benefits of scalability and cost savings but also risks, as vulnerabilities can enable threats like data breaches or malicious attacks on cloud services and infrastructure. Proper security controls are needed to protect against exploitation of vulnerabilities in cloud technology.
Cyber Security Department
Graduation Project (407422)
Project Title Here ….
Submitted By:
Student Name
Student ID
Name 1
Id1
Term:
Date:
33 | Page
Table of Contents
1.Introduction5
2.Problem Statement5
3.Background5
4.Requirements and specification5
4.1.UserGroups5
4.2.Functional Requirements6
4.3.Non-Functional Requirements (NFRs)7
5.System Design10
5.1.
Solution
Concept10
5.2.Proposed System Architecture11
5.2.1Alternative 111
5.2.2Aternative 211
5.2.3etc11
5.2.4Production and Staging Environments13
5.3.Component Design13
5.3.1Hardware Components13
5.3.2Software Components13
5.3.2.1User Interface – Web client13
5.3.2.2.UseCaseDescription13
5.3.2.3.Back-End Database14
4.4.Design Evaluation15
6.Implementation16
6.1System Implemented Architecture16
6.1.1.Tier Two – Application Server and Web-Server16
6.1.1.1.The Web-Server16
<<if needed>>16
6.2Access Levels16
6.3System Services or Functionalities16
7.Testing, Analysis and Evaluation17
7.1Testing Methodology17
7.2System Analysis and Evaluation17
7.3Test Execution and Test Results17
7.3.1Integration Testing17
7.3.2Functional Testing17
7.4Examples on testing18
7.4.1Check password Strength18
<< this might be an example of testing password strength>>18
8.Issues, Engineering Tools and Standards18
8.1.Issues18
8.2.Engineering Tools and Standards18
9.Teamwork18
10.Conclusion20
10.1.Conclusion20
10.2.Future Work20
Appendix A: Test Plan21
Appendix B: Progress Report-Teamwork22
Appendix C- Attachments and Source Code24
References25
29 | Page
List of Figures
Figure 5 Use-Case Diagram12
Figure 7 High Level Implementation Architecture15
Figure 14 Security Domains Access Levels15
List of Tables
Table 1 User Groups5
Table 2 Non Functional Requirements7
Table 3 System Use Case Description12
Table 4 Comparing On-Cloud and On-Site Options14
Table 7 Team responsiblites, Contributions, and expertise18
1. Introduction
Systems and workstations that are running Microsoft Windows but have not been patched against the vulnerability that is known as "Eternal Blue" are susceptible to having their data stolen if the vulnerability has not been patched. A vulnerability is a fault in a computer system that, when exploited, could compromise the device's or system's level of security (Ding, et al., 2019). After the security flaw has been exploited, the hacker will be able to steal information, which will result in a data breach. The SMBv01 protocol that is utilized by Windows systems is the target of the vulnerability known as Eternal Blue.
Techniques such as heap spraying and buffers overrun are utilized throughout the attack in order to gain access to systems and devices that are powered by Windows operating systems. Notably, this vulnerability was exploited in the WannaCry ransomware attack that occurred in 2017, which encrypted the files of victims and demanded a ransom in order to decrypt the information. After it was initially launched, the attack would quickly spread to other systems, delivering co ...
HYBRIDIZED MODEL FOR DATA SECURITY BASED ON SECURITY HASH ANALYSIS (SHA 512) ...IJNSA Journal
High-profile security breaches and attacks on many organization’s database have been on the increase and the consequences of this, are the adverse effect on the organizations in terms of financial loss and reputation. Many of the security breaches has been ascribed to the vulnerability of the organization’s networks, security policy and operations. Additionally, the emerging technology solutions like Internet-ofThings (IoT), Artificial Intelligence, and Cloud Computing, has extremely exposed many of the organizations to different forms of cyber-threats and attacks. Researchers and system designers have made attempts to proffer solution to some of these challenges. However, the efficacy of the techniques remains a great concern due to insufficient control mechanisms. For instance, many of the techniques are majorly based on a single mode encryption techniques which are not too robust to withstand the threats and attacks on organization’s database. To proffer solution to these challenges, the current research designed and integrated a hybridized data security model based on Secured Hash Analysis (SHA 512) and Salting Techniques to enhance the adeptness of the existing techniques. The Hash Analysis algorithm was used to map the data considered to a bit string of a fixed length and salt was added to the password strings essentially to hide its real hash value. The idea of adding salt to the end of the password is basically to complicate the password cracking process. The hybridized model was implemented in Windows environment using python 3.7 IDE platform and tested on a dedicated Local Area Network (LAN) that was exposed to threats from both internal and external sources. The results from the test show that the model performed well in terms of efficiency and robustness to attacks. The performance of the new model recorded a high level of improvement over the existing techniques with a recital of 97.6%.
This document summarizes a research paper on developing a honey pot intrusion detection system. The paper introduces cyber warfare as a growing threat and the need for effective network security. It then describes designing and implementing a honey pot IDS to detect potential threats on a host system by emulating network services and monitoring connections. The IDS would use event correlation, log analysis, alerting and policy enforcement. The document provides background on intrusions, IDS testing methodology, and reasons why only creating secure systems is not enough to prevent all intrusions.
This document discusses controls for protecting critical information infrastructure from cyberattacks. It begins by examining vulnerabilities in critical information infrastructure that cyberthreats exploit to launch attacks, such as software vulnerabilities, personnel vulnerabilities, and network protocol vulnerabilities. It then analyzes various cyberthreats like malware, distributed denial of service attacks, cyberwarfare, and social engineering that target these vulnerabilities. The document proposes implementing a system of preventive, detective, and corrective security controls based on general systems theory to address the vulnerabilities. Finally, it presents a model for securing critical information infrastructure that is currently insecure.
Survey of different Web Application Attacks & Its Preventive MeasuresIOSR Journals
This document summarizes different types of web application attacks and proposed preventative measures. It discusses denial of service (DOS) attacks, cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks, SQL injection attacks, and request encoding attacks that have occurred from 2012-2014. Statistics on the financial impact of these attacks on various industries are provided. The document then proposes solutions to prevent DOS attacks, XSS attacks, SQL injection attacks, and request encoding attacks. These include implementing input validation, output encoding, access control, and encryption. Overall, the document aims to survey common web application attacks and identify best practices for building secure applications.
Basic Home Computer Network And Computer Network Security...Jennifer Letterman
The document discusses computer network security planning and risks for home networks. It notes that careful planning is important for robust security, and a security plan should consider a wide range of risks and vulnerabilities to develop a strategy to reduce exposure. Key security risks for home networks include what needs protection and common vulnerabilities like hacking, malware, and insecure network architecture/design. The document also lists vulnerabilities like weak passwords and outlines ways to identify and address vulnerabilities through scanning and auditing.
please read the attached file cearfully before telling me you can do.docxChereCheek752
please read the attached file cearfully before telling me you can do it.
I need a complete
power
point presentation (that incloud outlines and pictures) that pointing
3 main points
on the
topic
that is mentioned in the attached file + the speech for the slides that must be 5-7 min lon.
.
please read my post carefully.then place handshakei have the wor.docxChereCheek752
please read my post carefully.then place handshake
i have the work already but i want u do
introduction, background, and conclusion
for it.
and some changes on the paper that already written.
you just need to
add three pages on my paper
.
deadline 20-24 hours.
i attached my paper,
.
Please read the attachment.Please write a pure Essay Paper. Plea.docxChereCheek752
Please read the attachment.
Please write a pure Essay Paper. Please read the instructions. Then follow the grade sheet. Please fully understand both attachments. Also, the essay will be scanned before student upload it for a final grade. Please make sure error is free. And references are given with cited.
.
Please read first because this Assignment is for correction.Plea.docxChereCheek752
Please read first because this Assignment is for correction.
Please, read through the corrections before sending me messages. Because, if you don’t I will not response to your messages. Also, I will attached two more articles for whoever I choose to help me with this assignment. In addition, please, remove the introduction, and also attach a sample of a “Needs Assessment”
Topic Needs Assessment
Title: HIV among Young Men Who Have Sex with Men
Section 1: Background Information
All of this is opinion and needs to come out.
Sex is seemingly as old as the world is. However, sex among men, and especially young men having sex with men has not always been in the books of history. This is arguably one of the latest practices, although some sources have claims of sex among men after the antediluvian period. While sex has positive effects such as procreation, there are some negative effects which include contraction of deadly sexually transmitted diseases.
One such disease is HIV/AIDS.
HIV/AIDS is an acronym for
Human ImmunoDefiency Virus/ Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
not capitalized
. Da
ta
from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015) sho
ws
that
while
over one million people aged above 13 years of age were living with the disease in the US by the year 2014
,
with
an average of 40,000 new infections are recorded each year (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2015)
when you use the word while...it indicates as opposite statement coming..and that is not what this sentence did
. The high number of people who are ignorant about their HIV status
and
those who purposely choose to ignore it
has
continued to increase the risk levels for other uninfected people in the world, among them being young men who have sex with men
isn’t it possible that they are one of the above?
.
In this areas and/or introduction...you should be discussing morbidity, mortality,....you need to highlight incidence is higher in this group than in others
Introduction
The issue of young men having sex with other men has continued to be a thorny issue for a number of years, dividing the society between those who support this practice and those who oppose it. Supporters of young men having sex with other men argue that people have a right to decide their sexual orientation and preferences without undue pressure from external forces. However, those who oppose this practice argue that it emanated from social decay and as such should not be supported. One common point of agreement between these two camps is that the practice of young men having sex with men is risk and has the capability to cause grave danger to these men.
opinion
Although sex even among heterosexual could turn out to be risk and a cause of contraction of dangerous sexually transmitted diseases and infections, the risk of contraction of such health complications is doubly higher among young men who have sex with other men.
There are several reasons that c.
Please read below, and write esaay.I need 3 pages.Overvi.docxChereCheek752
Please read below, and write esaay.
I need 3 pages.
Overview
Many people are unaware of just how much they use media. It is important for us to have an awareness of the various types of media that inundate our culture and the degree to which we use those media. This is a component of media literacy.
Instructions
For this assignment, you will keep 3 days of media logs and then write a reflective essay. Please keep a daily journal that records your media use for three days. Track you use of all of the following (even if you don't use something, please make a note of that). Keep track of the time periods when you use it and what you are using it for.
Computer—online
Computer--offline
TV
Newspapers/Magazines
Radio
Stereo/CD
Books
Telephone
Other
For each day, keep a detailed record of how much time you spend using each different medium, and the purpose of the media use (e.g., talking to parents, playing music while studying, recreational TV, etc.) Keep daily logs; you may turn in your "Media Logs" as a list, a table, in columns or in whatever format you choose.
In addition to the 3 days of logs, please write a reflective essay (about 2-4 pages, double spaced) that comments on what you learned about your media use by doing this assignment. For the essay, you may want to think about: what did you learn? did anything surprise you? did you notice any patterns in your media use? has your media use changed? why do you use some forms of media more or less? what role do you think media plays in most people's lives?...)
By Sunday at 11:59 pm PST, please submit:
the 3 days of media logs, AND
your essay
.
Please Read Before RespondingI need assistance with a .docxChereCheek752
***Please Read Before Responding***
I need assistance with a well thought out, well written AWP essay the Essay must use evidence (concrete details from the story) to support your answer. Five paragraphs.
http://www.ciaranhinds.eu/pdf/crucible3.pdf
.
Please provide response to the below post. Topic #1) You are an .docxChereCheek752
Please provide response to the below post.
Topic #1) You are an administrator for the Contoso Corporation and you are responsible for multiple Hyper-V hosts. Often, the developers need to create virtual machines so that they can test their applications. Describe the steps you should take so that developers can create and manage their own machines yet not have direct access to the Hyper-V hosts.
Topic #2) You are an administrator for the Contoso Corporation, which has approximately 400 servers running Windows Server 2012 R2, 50 servers running Windows Server 2012, and 200 servers running Windows Server 2008 R2. You also have several virtual machines running Windows 7 and Windows 8/8.1 and you have approximately 15 domain controllers. From time to time, you field requests in which you need to specify when a user has logged in and when a user has accessed confidential documents. Describe how to handle such requests.
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Please provide an annotation for the two articles attached AND ide.docxChereCheek752
Please provide an annotation for the two articles attached AND identify three common themes in both articles.
Note the purpose of the article, the participants/subject of the study, the conclusions drawn by the author(s), and the validity of the conclusions. Evaluate the article: is it a credible source? Describe the credibility of the author – are there any biases? How well did the author support his or her assertions? Did they provide an adequate literature review? Were there any limitations?
Due tomorrow, 02/07/2017 at noon.
Note the purpose of the article, the participants/subject of the study, the conclusions drawn by the author(s), and the validity of the conclusions. Evaluate the article: is it a credible source? Describe the credibility of the author – are there any biases? How well did the author support his or her assertions? Did they provide an adequate literature review? Were there any limitations?
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Please provide a statement that addresses your reasons for transferr.docxChereCheek752
Please provide a statement that addresses your reasons for transferring and the objectives you hope to achieve. You can type directly into the box, or you can paste text from another source. (250-650 words). I'm a Bachelor Student, who wants to transfer to another university, so they need this essay.
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Please provide a brief response to the following questions1) How .docxChereCheek752
Dr. Herskovits' discoveries about African cultural practices supported Dr. Woodson's beliefs that Eurocentric thinking distorted understanding of African history and culture. Dr. Cheikh Anta Diop believed that African people were responsible for Egyptian culture and civilization, which he supported through evidence but was a controversial Afrocentric perspective.
PLEASE NOTE OF SOURCESMATERIALS ALSO INCLUDED---USE THEMT.docxChereCheek752
PLEASE NOTE OF SOURCES/MATERIALS ALSO INCLUDED---USE THEM
TWO ASSIGNMENTS
TWO ASSIGNMENTS
TWO ASSIGNMENTS
TWO ASSIGNMENTS
TWO ASSIGNMENTS
TWO ASSIGNMENTS
.
Please note that the following vignettes represent samples of the ty.docxChereCheek752
Please note that the following vignettes represent samples of the types of questions you will be asked to respond to on the comprehensive exam. You will NOT receive these questions on the comprehensive exam; they are for study purposes only. Vignette Please compose a well-written and organized essay in response to each of the following questions. When writing your essays, please 1.Use APA (6th edition) Style, with 1-inch margins, double-spaced, 12 font, with a reference list at the end. 2.Write clearly and concisely. 3.Cite appropriate, and especially current, literature (empirical and/or theoretical). 4.Avoid all sexist idioms and allusions. 5.Remember to demonstrate your multicultural competence where appropriate. Vignette: Utilize this scenario for all of your responses A 42-year-old African American woman was brought to the emergency room by police officers for evaluation prior to going to jail to await disposition. She reported that she had been shopping when "something happened." She said that she had no recollection of events between the time she entered the store and an hour later, when she was arrested for shoplifting in a nearby department store with a considerable amount of stolen property on her person. She protested her innocence and became so agitated, belligerent, and profane that the arresting officers took her to the hospital for evaluation. At the hospital she reported that two years previously she had been arrested for shoplifting and had had amnesia for the act. The charges against her were then dropped because she explained that both the shoplifting and the amnesia resulted from her forgetting to eat after taking her insulin. Of note, her blood-sugar level on testing in the emergency room was elevated. The patient calmed down appearing asymptomatic after the evaluation and was transferred to jail pending a preliminary hearing. When she learned that her release was planned for the next day and that the charges against her would not be dropped, she became extremely agitated, angry, and abusive to the officers. Shortly thereafter, she complained of a headache and said she had no recollection of her abusive behavior. Later that evening she accosted an officer angrily. When the officer responded and addressed the patient by name, "Naomi," the patient said that her name was "Oprah" and that she would not allow herself to be called "Naomi," whom she described as a "wimp and a loser." "Oprah’s" voice and movement were somewhat different from those of "Naomi." She claimed that she had done the shoplifting and stepped back so that "Naomi" could be caught and humiliated, and that if she had wanted to, she could have evaded detection easily. She was returned to the ER and subsequently admitted to the inpatient psychiatric unit for observation. For the next two days, the patient had many apparent switches of personality, accompanied by conspicuous changes in dress, makeup, and demeanor. On several occasions "Oprah" was disrupti.
Please no plagiarism. I have attached an example to go by. The popul.docxChereCheek752
Please no plagiarism. I have attached an example to go by. The population I chose and currently work with are incarcerated juveniles, so at-risk youth.
Boundary Issues
It may not be possible or reasonable for counselors to always avoid dual relationships with clients. For example, counselors who live and work in small rural communities may attend the same religious institutions as their clients, or use the same libraries, doctors, or other services. In these multiple-relationship situations, counselors would not be in violation of ethical standards if they took reasonable steps to protect their objectivity and efficacy, and to avoid possibilities of exploitation or harm.
Counselors and supervisors usually consider dual relationships on a continuum of risk. As you work through the notion of dual relationships, you should consider the relationship with your client and the context of the situation. It is also important to consider the impact of dual roles on the power dynamics of the therapeutic relationship. For example, clients, students, and supervisees have less experience, knowledge, and power compared with licensed counselors and supervisors. Consequently, they are less likely to recognize inappropriate boundary crossings or to express their concerns about these crossings. It is your responsibility as an ethical practitioner to monitor and ensure appropriate boundaries across all related counseling situations.
For this Discussion, review the
Clinical Mental Health Counseling: Boundary Issues
media and consider the population that you are interested in working with as a professional counselor. Then, review the Learning Resources for this week and explore potential boundary issues you may encounter while working with this population. Reflect on potential benefit or harm related to boundary crossing. Finally, consider potential consultants who might be able to address any boundary issues.
Post by Day 3
a brief description of the population you selected. Then, explain any potential boundary issues you anticipate may be challenging in working with this population and explain why. Explain the potential benefit or harm associated with boundary crossing with this population. Finally, explain who you might consult with to address this boundary issue and why.
Be sure to use the Learning Resources and the current literature to support your response.
Respond by Day 5
and expand on your colleague’s posting by providing an alternate perspective on how you would work with your colleague’s selected population. Provide potential boundary crossing challenges that your colleague did not discuss and offer potential solutions for addressing these challenges.
Required Resources
Note:
To access this week's required library resources, please click on the link to the Course Readings List, found in the
Course Materials
section of your Syllabus.
Readings
Herlihy, B., & Corey, G. (2015).
ACA ethical standards casebook
(7th ed.). Alexandria, VA: American Cou.
PLEASE NO PLAGIARIZE!! Have 10 hours to fullfil this work. 1page or .docxChereCheek752
Women have long faced inequality compared to men, but the women's rights movement in the mid-late 20th century improved women's status by opening positions traditionally held by men. While some feel women have achieved equality in the 21st century, others disagree. The document asks how one would describe current gender equality in Western culture and whether there are still major areas of large-scale discrimination against women, requesting two examples if so or a rationale if not.
Please Paraphrase the following into a more scholarly toneI f.docxChereCheek752
Please Paraphrase the following into a more scholarly tone:"
"I feel like after reading these excerpts I feel like the first answer clarified what exactly Gus Casely-Hayford was really trying to figure out about Ethiopian history. It was clear that he was trying to figure out its history, however, it was difficult to put the pieces together and pinpoint things that could lead to it's past. I don't think it was a specific sentence it was really just how they answered it that helped me put it together.
A sentence in another paragraph that clarified what the answer was at number two when it said "After this, Ethiopia switched to Christianity, which has a direct link with the history of the kingdom. The Patriarch claims that the Ark of the Covenant was brought to Ethiopia". It clarifies what the patriarch really meant when he said that they had accepted the old testament.
These excerpts can help when I am doing homework because they can be used as a structure when answering questions for my future homework. In my next homework, I will aim to have more references and actually pinpoint what the answer is because I feel like I do not fully answer the question I only answer it partially. So I can turn in something rather than nothing. It is sometimes difficult to understand the main idea or interpret what some people are saying in the documentaries. The readings, however, are easier to understand.
.
Please only respond if you are familiar with raspberry piIam loo.docxChereCheek752
Please only respond if you are familiar with raspberry pi
Iam looking to send Binary data over the GPIO pins. I need to use one of the input and output pin to send binary data on the output.
If you are very familiar with Raspberry pi please message me.
THank you
.
Please note this is 2 ASSIGNMENTS ......Please only orginial work on.docxChereCheek752
Please note this is 2 ASSIGNMENTS ......Please only orginial work only and please follow the instruction provided
Assignment 1: Week 3 COURSE PROJECT
Week 3: Create the Database
Create the database and associated tables in your database environment.
Assignment 2: Week 3 ILAB
iLab 3: Database Creation and Table Manipulation
.
PLEASE NEED TWO RESPONSES TWO HUNDRED WORDS EACHDistinguish b.docxChereCheek752
PLEASE NEED TWO RESPONSES TWO HUNDRED WORDS EACH:
Distinguish between various factions/denominations within Christianity (Catholic/Protestant/Orthodox/etc) and their impact on mainstream (dominant) expression of how Christianity is viewed by those on the "outside."
Consider the viewpoints we saw represented in
Once I Was a Beehive.
How does it differ or compare to popular or mainstream faith as you know it? Of course, it is one interpretation of faith in Jesus and how it impacts daily life (and during troubling times, as seen in the film).
For example, if I walked into one church, I might find folks picking up and handling snakes, singing rather loudly and outwardly in their expressions of worship. If I went to the congregation next door the following Sunday, I might find a church that barely whispered, used no music at all, and perhaps simply followed a monotone lecture/sermon style delivered over the course of an hour, or two, or three! Both representing the same organism/religion...
Please respond with no less than 200 words, and respond to at least one of your classmate's post.
.
Please no plagiarism and make sure you are able to access all resour.docxChereCheek752
Please no plagiarism and make sure you are able to access all resource on your own before you bid. I need this completed by 10/21/17 at 12pm.
Application:
Applying Theoretical Interventions for Clients Experiencing Life Transition and Developmental Issues, Part II
Marriage, couple, and family counselors have varying caseloads. What they all have in common is that their group of clients—whether large or small—represents the variety of human experience. Even those counselors with a specific clinical focus see variety in the ways in which specific issues manifest in different relationships. Part of the goal of your counseling program is to expose you to varying scenarios so that when you are faced with differing client situations, you will have the evidence-based research knowledge, flexibility, analytical skills, and theory-integration practice to know the best course of action to take with a particular couple or family.
To prepare for this Application Assignment, select and view one movie from the list provided in this week’s Learning Resources. Begin to conceptualize the couple's or family’s problem through your theoretical orientation and identify interventions that you might use. Finally, begin to locate articles in the Walden Library that could be used to justify the interventions you selected.
The assignment (2–3 pages)
Identify the movie you selected and the life transition/developmental issue present in the couple/family.
Conceptualize the couple's/family's problem through your chosen theoretical orientation.
Describe two interventions you would use to address these couple/family issues and how you would use them. (
Note
: The interventions may not emerge from your chosen theoretical orientation.)
Justify the intervention you selected with two evidence-based research articles.
Support your Application Assignment with specific references to all resources used in its preparation. You are asked to provide a reference list for all resources, including those in the Learning Resources for this course.
Submit your assignment by
Day 7
.
Learning Resources
Required Resources
Media
Please select, obtain, and view one of the following movies to use with this week’s Application Assignment:
Please note:
These films are
not
available through Walden Library. Contact your instructor if you are unable to obtain a copy independently.
Movie: Rydell, M. (Director). (1981).
On golden pond
[Motion picture]. [With K. Hepburn, H. Fonda, & J. Fonda]. United States: IPC Films.
Movie: Demme, J. (Director). (2008).
Rachel getting married
[Motion picture]. [With A. Hathaway, R. DeWitt, & D. Winger]. United States: Sony Pictures Classics.
Movie: Redford, R. (Director). (1980).
Ordinary people
[Motion picture]. [With A. Sutherland, M. Tyler Moore, & J. Hirsch]. United States: Paramount Pictures.
Readings
Article: Haggan, P. S. (1998). Counseling adult children of aging parents.
Educational Gerontology
,
24
(4), 333. Ret.
Please need two posts of 200 words each. Discuss the ways in whi.docxChereCheek752
Please need two posts of 200 words each.
Discuss the ways in which Confucianism can or may weave into our everyday lives, given what you've read and watched/reviewed. Consider the ways you saw Confucianism as a religion and/or as a philosophy displayed in the film
Confucius
, focusing on the themes of bravery, self-sacrifice, respect, and loyalty. As you've been reading through the text, you'll find multiple arguments suggesting that Confucianism is less religion, more philosophy. What are your thoughts? Use examples from the film and text to support your conclusions.
.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
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This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
Physiology and chemistry of skin and pigmentation, hairs, scalp, lips and nail, Cleansing cream, Lotions, Face powders, Face packs, Lipsticks, Bath products, soaps and baby product,
Preparation and standardization of the following : Tonic, Bleaches, Dentifrices and Mouth washes & Tooth Pastes, Cosmetics for Nails.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Thinking of getting a dog? Be aware that breeds like Pit Bulls, Rottweilers, and German Shepherds can be loyal and dangerous. Proper training and socialization are crucial to preventing aggressive behaviors. Ensure safety by understanding their needs and always supervising interactions. Stay safe, and enjoy your furry friends!
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
FINAL PAPER1FINAL PAPER1
1. FINAL PAPER 1
FINAL PAPER
1. INTRODUCTION 3
2. THREAT AND VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT
4
2.1. ASSESSMENT SCOPE
4
2.2. MEASURES TO THREATS AND VULNERABILITIES IN
THE COMPANY 6
2.3. THREAT AGENTS AND POSSIBLE ATTACKS
7
2.4. EXPLOITABLE VULNERABILITIES
9
3. MITIGATION STRATEGY
10
4. BUSINESS CONTINUITY PLAN
2. 14
4.1. TESTING A DISASTER RECOVERY PLAN
14
4.2. RISK MANAGEMENT PLAN
15
4.3. CHANGE MANAGEMENT PLAN IMPACT
16
5. SECURITY AWARENESS PROGRAM
17
6. CONCLUSION
19
7. REFERENCES
21
Introduction
Gerić and Hutinski (2017), define threat as a potential harm or
danger and Vulnerability as the exposure to possibility of harm.
In information systems and organizational data, threats and
vulnerabilities infer to the possible harms and possi ble exposure
to harm of the information systems infrastructure and
organizational data (Gerić & Hutinski, 2017). Tesla Company is
a multinational company that as businesses in technological
products such as cloud computing, artificial intelligence and e -
commerce (Tran, Childerhouse & Deakins, 2016). Developing
and categorizing a security mitigation strategy is essential for
companies that deal with any kind of threat to their business.
Risk mitigations strategies are designed to control, reduce, and
eliminate known risks that threaten the business with a specified
undertaking to prevent injury. The security awareness program
is important especially to companies like Tesla. Each employee
3. is supposed to be aware of their roles and responsibilities in
fighting against cyber threat and attack. Training must be
attended by every employee to completion and their capabilities
tested in a simulated attack so that they can be familiar with the
types of attack to expect. This paper is going to focus on the
kind of policies and procedures that will help the Tesla
Company to improve security awareness so that they can reduce
the risk of cyber threats and attacks.
2. Threat and vulnerability assessment
2.1Assessment Scope
Though in most cases threat and vulnerability assessment
involve both physical and intangible assets like computer hard-
wares ,organizational networks ,virtualization, database, cloud
and mobile systems, this assessment would only focus on users
and the intangible organizational assets which form the
information system infrastructure of Tesla Inc. Precisely, the
assessment would focus on cyber- related attacks on these
information systems infrastructures.
Tesla has a broad range of information system infrastructure
which include, people, informati on systems, information
security systems (Tanwar et al., 2019). Tesla’s primary
information system assets include E-commerce and web-based
services, namely, cloud computing, database, network,
virtualization, mobile and inform systems.
Diagram and Description of Items Involved In the Assessment
Scope.
Tesla Information System Infrastructure
4. Cloud service
Human resource
E- Commerce
Data Base System
Cloud Service
Cloud information system comprises of storage system and
providence of virtualization programs to magnitude of
companies all over the world. These services are available for
subscribers and registered users that acquire the service in an
order entry (Dhillon & Torkzadeh, 2016).
Human Resource
The Tesla human resource information system is a huge and
complex system that not only acquires information of the
companies merchants but also customer service information and
product support persons that are responsible for product
advertisements and taking care of customer issues (Tanwar et
al., 2019).
Database System
The data base stores all the necessary organization data for
analysis. Tesla database is associated with information
transformation, product presentation and order entries that
enhance customers’ preferences and customizations of the
company’s products and services. Additionally, information
processed can be useful to management in decision making and
therefore is a prime priority of the company to protect its
database information system (Scholz et al., 2020).
E-Commerce
These are the web based platforms that the company uses to
advertise, promote and sale their products and services. Due to
5. the proficiency of the company website and the facts that it’s
one of the main platform for local and international business
platform, the website is a prime target and should be protected
from hackers (Tanwar et.al., 2019).
2.2 Measures to Threats and Vulnerabilities in the Company
Tesla technology department (TTD) has various counter
measures to mitigate the threats and vulnerabilities to their
cyber systems. TTD hash provides Tesla’s computing clients
with custom networks and data centres which are designed to
protect the company information systems. TTD hash also puts in
place network and web applications fire walls, encryptions,
private connectivity options to protect the critical information
system infrastructure in the company(Scholz et.al., 2020).
Furthermore, Tesla protects it database through various
encryptions such as, EBS, SQL Server RDS, Glacier and oracle
RDS encryptions (Tanwar et al., 2019). The Tesla web
platforms use the SSE (Server-side Encryption) to transmit
sensible information and to encrypt the messaging queues.
Another methods that Tesla has imposes to prevent cyber threats
and attacks are use of hardware-based cryptographic keys in
their storage facilities, compliance requirement and in accessing
its database (Tanwar et al., 2019).
2.3 Threat Agents and Possible Attacks
There are numerous agents of cyber threats and attack in Tesla
information systems infrastructure. Most of these agents and
attacks have been aimed at Tesla because of its leading position
in the market and the amount of data the company processes.
These threats and attacks include, Passwords Attacks, Phishing
and Spear Phishing, Malware Or Viruses Attacks, SQL Injection
Attacks, Denial Of Service, Eavesdropping, Man In The Middle
Attack, Birthday Attacks, cross-site scripting And Distributed
Denial Of Service (DDOS) (Scholz et.al., 2020).
1) Phishing refers to sending mails that contain harmful
programs that siphon private information of the receipt; spear
phishing attack occur the same as phishing attack but this time
round the sender targets a particular group of people and
6. conducts research on them (Scholz et.al., 2020).
2) Birthday attacks are generation of two random words that
generate same message digest in the hash algorithm for digital
signatures and messages. In SQL injection, the attackers
execute SQL queries through malefactors in the client input
servers.
3) Cross-site scripting happens when attackers place malicious
scripts in unprotect websites to redirect client to the hackers
sites (Farn, Lin & Fung, 2014).
4) For Denial of service (DoS), the malicious programs
overpowers the systems to unable to react to resource request
while Distributed Denial Of Service (DDoS) happens when a
huge number of systems become impaired by attack and refuse
to respond to service request (Farn et.al., 2014).
5) In man in Middle attack, the infiltrator inserts themselves
between the clients and the servers. Middle man attack include,
IP spoofing, and session hijacking (Gerić & Hutinski, 2017).
6) Password attack is designated on the authenticating process
of a system. There are two types of password attacks; dictionary
attacks and the brute-force password attack. A dictionary attack
occurs through social engineering, guessing while brute- force
occurs through accessing password database (Farn et.al., 2014).
7) Eavesdropping occurs when an attacker intercepts the
network traffic usually through credit cards or obtaining
passwords that client use to transmit over the network
Threat
Assets
Impact
Risk
Phishing and spear phishing
Critical
high
high
Birthday attack
Critical
medium
7. low
Man in the middle attack
Critical
medium
high
Malware attack
Critical
high
high
Denial of service/ distributed denial of service
Critical
medium
high
Password attack
Critical
high
Eavesdropping
Critical
low
low
Table 1: a summary of threats, impact and Risk
2.4 Exploitable Vulnerabilities
Exploitable vulnerabilities refer to the system weakness that an
attacker can use to perform their illegal activities within an
information system.
1) Malware or viruses have been deemed one of the most
exploitable vulnerabilities in any information system and Tesla
systems are no exemption (Scholz et.al., 2020). Though Tesla as
a technological company is deemed to have one of the most
secure networks and information systems, malware are being
developed every day implying that it one exploitable attackers
may use to infiltrate into the company’s information systems
infrastructure.
8. 2) The company’s employees are also another exploitable
vulnerability to the company. Employees are not only the
primary architects of password attacks but also exploitable
vulnerability when approached with phishing and spear phishing
attacks (Gerić & Hutinski, 2017).
3) IOT (internet of things) is also another exploitable
vulnerability in Tesla Company. Devices like smart printers,
phones, refrigerators, coffee markers and manufacturing robots
can be used to launch attacks on the company’s information
system (Dhillon & Torkzadeh, 2016).
4) Updates are also another exploitable vulnerability. As much
as these updates bring better program and system functionalities
they bring new security vulnerabilities that attackers may
exploit (Scholz et.al., 2020).
Vulnerabilities
Assets
Impact
Risk
Malware/ viruses
Critical
high
high
employees
Critical
high
high
Internet of Things (IOT)
Critical
medium
Medium
Updates
Critical
high
high
Table 2: a summary of exploitable vulnerabilities, impact and
9. Risk
3. Mitigation Strategies
Developing and categorizing a security mitigation strategy is
essential for companies that deal with any kind of threat to their
business. Risk mitigations strategies are designed to control,
reduce and eliminate known risks that threaten the business with
a specified undertaking to prevent injury. These strategies when
implemented will help prevent businesses that are vulnerable to
cyber-attacks from being hacked. Tesla Company is a
multinational company that as businesses in technological
products such as cloud computing, artificial intelligence and e -
commerce (Tran, Childerhouse & Deakins, 2016). This web-
based services that the company operates makes it vulnerable to
cyber based threats and attacks. This paper is going to look at
the risk mitigation strategies that the company can employ to
reduce, eliminate and control the impact of the cyber based
threats and attacks.
The first step to a risk mitigation strategy is to diagnose the
business and find out the risks that the businesses faces. For
Tesla Company, it faces numerous attacks from the Tesla
information systems infrastructure. The attacks include malware
or viruses attacks, passwords attacks, birthday attacks, phishing
and spear phishing and cross-site scripting (Stergiopoulos et.al.,
2015). All of these threats have a high impact if they happen
and the risk that tesla faces from these kinds of attacks is high.
Therefore, it is important for the company to come up with risk
mitigation strategies to help prevent the attacks and keep the
Tesla information systems infrastructure safe from cyber-
attacks.
Risks need to be taken on when the strategies that are designed
reduces the risk to a very low level or as low as reasonably
practicable (Talluri, Yildiz & Yoon, 2013). The company needs
to choose the best mitigation strategy that would lower the risk
probability and the severity of outcome. For optimal results to
10. be obtain, more than one mitigation strategy should be
employed by the company.
The first mitigation strategy is risk avoidance where the
company works at avoiding situations that have a high
probability impact for damage and financial loss. For a company
like Tesla, it has to employ this strategy to avoid risks such as
cross-site scripting. This can be achieved by making sure the
employs avoid malicious sites that could direct malware to the
company servers. Phishing attacks can also be prevented
through avoidance of opening mails from unknown sources
which may contain viruses. Although avoidance is a good risk
mitigation strategy, it does not always work as individuals will
always be caught unawares to these kinds of attacks and the
company has to employ strict measures to ensure avoidable
threats and attacks do not happen.
The company limits the risk it is exposed to by regulating the
perceived risk. As such, the company works well at regulating
the exposure of the company’s software to threats and attacks.
For a company like Tesla, limiting the amount of risk would not
be easy as it’s a multinational company that deals with a huge
client base but it can put in measures such as limiting the
websites that employees can go to such as social media and
advertisement sites (Stergiopoulos et al., 2015). The company
can block such sites and limit the risk of employees getting
swayed to other potentially dangerous websites. The company
can also restrict administrative privileges of some of the
employees. Administration privileges allow employees to access
sensitive information or bypass critical security settings.
Limiting administrative privileges to a few employees will
minimize the risk of the company getting threat or cyber-
attacks.
Another risk mitigating strategy is the multi-factor
authentication. This is done through ensuring the system has
several password protected access. This is especially crucial for
users who perform privileged actions or those users that have
the access to sensitive information. Tesla Company can employ
11. this strategy which will help prevent potential threats or
adversaries from accessing legitimate credentials which might
facilitate further malicious activities. This would also make it
easier to detect if a system is being hacked since the many
layers of credentials would mean the hackers take more time to
by-pass security therefore making it easier for the hack to be
detected early.
Patching the operating systems of the company is also a good
risk mitigating strategy. Patching those devices that have a
high risk of attack with extreme risk vulnerabilities for a period
of time would prevent the company’s software from unnecessary
threats and attacks (Menoni et.al. 2013). For Tesla Company,
this strategy would be effective if they made sure the latest
versions of the operating system are the ones that are used for
the company’s operations. Any unsupported versions of the
operating systems should be avoided by all means necessary.
Application whitelisting is also a necessary risk mitigation
strategy especially for a company like Tesla as it aims at
preventing the execution of malicious programs and software.
Whitelisting also identifies attempts on malicious execution of
codes in the system and prevents the activity from going on
before any kind of damage is done. Whitelisting also prevents
the unauthorized use of software and programs which might
increase the risk of attack. This risk mitigation strategy also
prevents the installation of those programs and applications that
might expose the company’s software to cyber-attacks.
The company can also decide to transfer the risk by outsourcing
their services to other companies, purchasing insurance for
damages and loss incurred that are related to cyber-attacks or
form a partnership with another company that employs the same
services as them. For a company like Tesla they can outsource
their services since they are a multinational company (Tran,
Childerhouse & Deakins, 2016). This would ensure that they are
exposed to limited risk and the cost of enforcing risk mitigation
strategies can be shared with the other company. The company
can also get insurance against damages caused by cyber-attacks
12. as this would ensure that the company is well compensated in
case they fall victim to an attack or threat that may cost a lot of
money in damages.
Daily backups of important programs, software, applications
and configuration settings would ensure the information is kept
safe and that it can be accessed again in case of a ransomware
attack that was not anticipated or prevented (Menoni et.al.
2013).
4. Business Continuity Plan
Concepts and practices of designing and implementing a
business continuity and Disaster Recovery Plan
The first concept is to ensure that servers are kept in diverse
locations so that when one is damaged by disaster the other ones
continue functioning and providing services to the customers.
Ensuring that there is back up for all the software, programs and
application will ensure quick recovery from a disaster (Carter,
2018).
The next step is to ensure that there is a secondary source where
data can be accessed. The company can outsource some of its
services to another company so that in case of a disaster,
provision of services can continue through the outsourced
programs.
4.1. Testing a Disaster Recovery Plan
Creating a checklist is the first thing to do where department
heads and senior management assess the business continuity
plan and the disaster recovery plan to improve on developments,
update information.
Setting up a simulation where servers are tested on their
restoration and recovery capabilities. Some of these simulations
involve testing in real life situations like loss recovery
procedures and restoring backups. The employees should also
be tested on staff safety, asset management, leadership response
to disaster and relocation protocols after a disaster.
Procedural drill and hands-on can be supported by a run-
through. This is to ensure that important points of command and
delegation channels are informed about what is expected of
13. when disaster finally happens. These kinds of emergencies
involve data replica tasks, stand-by server switch overs, data
validation and cloud backups.
4.2. Risk Management Plan
The risk management plan should include the budget of the
entire plan. The plan needs to have a budget so that the
company can have an idea how much it is going to cost them to
manage risk.
The plan should also have a time frame as the management
needs to know the amount of time it would take for things like
training to be completed. The plan also has to include every
person’s roles and responsibilities as far as disaster
management is concerned. This will ensure that employees have
an idea of exactly what to do in case of a disaster (Chess, Fay &
Thornton, 2017).
The plan has to also include methodology and approaches so as
to let people know exactly the procedures to be followed in case
of a disaster. Probability of a disaster happening and the impact
it will have to the company should also be included in the risk
management plan. This will let the management be aware of the
likelihood of a disaster happening and the damage it would cost
to the company.
Tracking should also be included in the plan where the
management can track and know how things are going on and
whether they are on schedule or not. It will also help the
management know how the money that was budgeted is being
spent in the implementation process of the plan.
4.3. Change management plan
The change management plan ensures that the risk strategy has
enough resources to be able to prevent disaster from happening
as well as provide enough resources to cover the disaster
recovery process.
Change management also ensures whether the risk strategy that
has been implemented will be effective or not. Having a bad
change management can impact negatively on the business as
people will have no idea what to do in case of a disaster.
14. Through change management people can know the amount of
time it will take for the company to recover from a disaster and
the time it will take for business to go back to normal. The steps
to take and procedures to follow in case of a disaster and how to
prevent the disaster from happening will be determined by
change management (Orlikowski & Hoffman, 2017).
Concepts that should be included in a security plan for the
development of secure software
The concept and the planning of the software should be included
to ensure the software is viable. This is to ensure that the
software is efficient and free from cyber threats and attacks.
The team that programs the software should be well trained in
software security to ensure the software is always secure and
free from attacks. They can also include safety measures such as
multiple password entries to make it difficult to hack.
The architecture and the design of the software should enable it
to be secure and free from cyber threats and attacks. This
includes modeling the software structure through adding third-
party components that ensure the development of the software is
sped up.
The implementation of the software should include multiple
process of debugging and testing the software to ensure its safe
and secure. This would also involve simulations of real life
cyber-attacks to improve its level of defense.
5. Security Awareness Program
According to Eminağaoğlu, Uçar & Eren(2019), the security
awareness program is a program done in a formal way whose
goal is to train users about the potential threats to the
company’s information system. This training is also supposed to
help the company to avoid situations that may put the
company’s data at risk. The goal of this program is to lower the
level of the attack impact to the company, to enforce the
procedures and policies that the company has put in place to
protect its data and to also teach employees on the importance
of taking personal responsibility to protect the information of
the organization. For a multinational company like Tesla, this is
15. an important program because it is the role of the employees to
ensure they do their duty in the fight to prevent cyber threats
and attacks. This paper is going to focus on the kind of policies
and procedures that will help the Tesla Company to improve
security awareness so that they can reduce the risk of cyber
threats and attacks.
All employees in the company are supposed to be given the
permission to spend time learning about security awareness.
This would help the employees to recognize that this is a
priority not only to them but to the organization as well
(Eminağaoğlu, Uçar & Eren, 2019). The C-Suite support is an
important program that would ensure that time is allocated for
the employees to complete the training module, come up with a
training budget and ensuring the employees understand why
cyber security is essential by setting the tone of the training
stressing the importance keeping the company safe from cyber -
attacks. For a company like Tesla this would ensure that all the
executives and the management team are aware of how cyber-
attacks happen and the impact of things like information
disclosure, password theft and know how to detect a
ransomware infection. Simulations on how attacks happen such
as phishing would ensure employees are aware of the exact way
the attack happen and how they are supposed to respond in such
a scenario. The security awareness training that is created
should be engaging as well as relevant to the subject topic.
The next security awareness program is to personalize the
campaign with each employee and make sure that they are
relatable to the content that is being trained. Every employee is
to be given specific role and responsibilities that they are
familiar with and it rhymes with their jobs (Caldwell, 2016).
This would ensure that all employees are aware of exactly the
role that they have to play in the fight against cyber threats and
attacks. Tesla Company is a multinational company with diverse
employees from different countries. It would have to employ
more personalized training like making the content available in
several languages so that people can understand well why
16. security awareness is important to the company. They are also
supposed to know why they are supposed to make sure they are
fully aware of their roles and responsibilities in the fight
against cyber threats and attacks.
The business continuity plan should be able to establish a new
data center at the same or a different site if the first site is
destroyed by a disaster. This would ensure that the operations
are ongoing and that their clients do not miss out on the
services being provided. For a multinational company like
Tesla, the ability to recover from a disaster should be top
priority (Cerullo & Cerullo, 2014). The companies provide its
services to millions of people across the world and some even
depend on their services to earn a living. Being able to recover
from a disaster is important to ensure the business continues
even despite the setback.
The company should also be able to ensure they keep things
running even during the disaster. The services should continue
running even during planned outages such as maintenance and
backups. For a company like Tesla scheduled maintenance and
system backups happen most of the time so as to keep the
software and the programs up to date. The company has to
ensure that during this time operations do not stop and that the
services keep on being provided (Savage, 2012). This can be
achieved by ensuring that there is more than one server which
would enable the company to keep on providing services despite
the disruptions.
The company is also supposed to ensure that they have the
capability to access software and applications despite the
disruptions. Tesla Company can achieve this by outsourcing
some of their services so that the programs can be accessed
remotely. The availability of these applications will ensure the
customer is able to access the services of the company despite
the disruptions.
6. Conclusion
With increasing incidences of cybercrime activities that have
been reported, it is important that organizations be vigilant in
17. their efforts to mitigate potential cyber threats and attacks.
Employing these risk mitigation strategies would help prevent
the companies from potential cyber threats and attacks. This
strategy can be implemented at an early level so that the
company can prevent the attacks from an early stage, and it
would also make employees be aware of the potential threats
from an early stage. For Tesla Company, these strategies would
help in prevention of the many potential attacks that they face
daily.
The security awareness program is important especially to
companies like Tesla. Each employee is supposed to be aware of
their roles and responsibilities in fighting against cyber threat
and attack. Training must be attended by every employee to
completion and their capabilities tested in a simulated attack so
that they can be familiar with the types of attack to expect. The
business is also supposed to have continuity strategies in place
like outsourcing or having secondary servers to ensure the
business in the company continues.
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