The Eco-construction sector in the Danube Region
employs more than 1.2 million workers. The findings
of the previous chapters illustrate that this region
belongs, besides the Baltic and the South-western
European region (South-west France, Portugal and
Spain), to the front-runners in the Eco-construction
sector. Especially regions in Romania and Serbia,
but also in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Bulgaria,
show strong economic data in different categories. More than 1250 high growth enterprises (Gazelles)
are located in the Danube Region.
There are many cluster initiatives in the field of
Eco-Construction, many of them well established
and have a good critical mass.
Wood Circus -loppuseminaari 8.12.2021: Teollinen puurakentaminen ja rakennus- ja purkujätteiden uudelleen käytön mahdollisuudet (in English) Dr. Javier Garcia Jaca
EBRD Seminar on Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy for Finnish private sector at the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland on February 16th 2016, presentation by Mr. Lauri Romppainen
EBRD Seminar on Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy for Finnish private sector at the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland on February 16th 2016. Presentation by Ms. Helena Saren, Finpro
Prime energyit procurement_case_studies_compilation_onlinekotatsu
The municipality of Marburg in Germany invested in a new highly efficient cooling system for their server room to reduce energy costs. The new system uses combined heat and power (CHP) and cooling to provide electricity and cooling for the servers. This integrated energy solution saves over 70% of the server room's total energy usage, reducing energy costs by up to €15,000 per year. The procurement criteria focused on reliability, energy efficiency, and cost effectiveness to find the optimal ecological and economic solution.
The document summarizes the WoodCircus project, which aims to accelerate circularity in the European woodworking industries. It collected case studies of good practices from woodworking SMEs and developed sustainability criteria. The project also assessed how wood-based products and side streams can contribute to circularity in the construction sector in different European macro-regions based on their strengths. The overall goal is for woodworking industries to become a green engine for sustainable growth in Europe by increasing reuse, recycling and carbon neutrality.
Cost Comparison Between Normal Building and Green Building Considering Its C...IJSRED
This document summarizes a research paper that compares the construction and maintenance costs of normal buildings versus green buildings. It begins by introducing the topic and defining green buildings. It then describes the methodology used, which included studying research papers, collecting data from construction projects, and choosing a case study building. The results section presents energy calculations and a cost comparison of materials used in normal versus green buildings. It finds that the initial construction cost of a green building is higher but that extra cost can be recovered within a few years through lower operational costs. Finally, it concludes that green buildings can save up to 40% on energy and help reduce carbon emissions and global warming.
EBRD Seminar on Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy for Finnish private sector at the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland on February 16th 2016, presentation by Ms. Stefania Cruceru
Wood Circus -loppuseminaari 8.12.2021: Teollinen puurakentaminen ja rakennus- ja purkujätteiden uudelleen käytön mahdollisuudet (in English) Dr. Javier Garcia Jaca
EBRD Seminar on Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy for Finnish private sector at the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland on February 16th 2016, presentation by Mr. Lauri Romppainen
EBRD Seminar on Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy for Finnish private sector at the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland on February 16th 2016. Presentation by Ms. Helena Saren, Finpro
Prime energyit procurement_case_studies_compilation_onlinekotatsu
The municipality of Marburg in Germany invested in a new highly efficient cooling system for their server room to reduce energy costs. The new system uses combined heat and power (CHP) and cooling to provide electricity and cooling for the servers. This integrated energy solution saves over 70% of the server room's total energy usage, reducing energy costs by up to €15,000 per year. The procurement criteria focused on reliability, energy efficiency, and cost effectiveness to find the optimal ecological and economic solution.
The document summarizes the WoodCircus project, which aims to accelerate circularity in the European woodworking industries. It collected case studies of good practices from woodworking SMEs and developed sustainability criteria. The project also assessed how wood-based products and side streams can contribute to circularity in the construction sector in different European macro-regions based on their strengths. The overall goal is for woodworking industries to become a green engine for sustainable growth in Europe by increasing reuse, recycling and carbon neutrality.
Cost Comparison Between Normal Building and Green Building Considering Its C...IJSRED
This document summarizes a research paper that compares the construction and maintenance costs of normal buildings versus green buildings. It begins by introducing the topic and defining green buildings. It then describes the methodology used, which included studying research papers, collecting data from construction projects, and choosing a case study building. The results section presents energy calculations and a cost comparison of materials used in normal versus green buildings. It finds that the initial construction cost of a green building is higher but that extra cost can be recovered within a few years through lower operational costs. Finally, it concludes that green buildings can save up to 40% on energy and help reduce carbon emissions and global warming.
EBRD Seminar on Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy for Finnish private sector at the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland on February 16th 2016, presentation by Ms. Stefania Cruceru
Innovative strategies for energy optimizationeSAT Journals
Abstract Optimization of energy production systems is a relevant issue that must be considered in order to follow the fossil fuels consumption reduction policies and the CO2 emission regulation. Increasing electricity production from renewable resources (e.g. photovoltaic systems and wind farms) is desirable but its unpredictability is a cause of problems for the main grid stability. The multi-energy system represents an efficient solution, by realizing an interface among renewable energy sources, energy storage systems and conventional power generators. Direct consequences of multi-energy systems are wider energy flexibility and benefits for the electric grid. In this study the performances of a multi-energy system in dynamic regime have been evaluated and a comparison with a conventional system has been performed. The results show how this innovative energetic approach can provide a cost reduction in power supply and energy fees of 40% and 25% respectively and CO2 emission decrease attained around 18%. Furthermore, the multi-energy system taken as case of study has been optimized through the utilization of three different type of energy storage (Pb-Ac batteries, Flywheels and Micro-Caes). Keywords: Multi-Energy System, Cost of Energy, Energy Storage
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Building and energy in the sustainable cityFahmy At
The document discusses the relationship between energy and buildings. It notes that 50% of fossil fuel consumption globally is related to building use and construction. Building materials require energy to produce and transport, and the erection of buildings also uses energy. Designers can reduce pollution by choosing environmentally friendly materials and employing ecological design practices. Effective building design must consider a structure's "carbon footprint", which includes the embodied carbon in materials, operational energy, transportation emissions from occupants, and demolition/disposal impacts. Selecting local, low-energy materials can help minimize a building's energy footprint. Locating developments near public transit also reduces transportation-related carbon.
The document presents the results of a study called "Forest Vision" which modeled alternative forest management scenarios in Germany. The Forest Vision scenario aims to support broadleaf trees with reduced management intensity and increased protection of rare forests. It showed strong synergies between climate and nature protection, storing more carbon while improving habitats compared to a base or timber scenario. However, it resulted in 25% less potential wood supply, requiring more efficient wood use. The Forest Vision scenario can help climate and nature protection goals if policies support increased material versus energy use of wood.
This document summarizes an academic research paper on affordable housing in India. It discusses the large shortage of housing for lower-income groups in India, estimated at over 18 million homes. The government aims to provide over 30 million new homes by 2022 to address this issue. The paper analyzes various government initiatives to promote affordable housing construction, including programs like Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojna. It also studies the impact of these policies on private developers and homebuyers. Construction methods that could reduce housing costs, such as prefabricated building techniques, are also examined.
IRJET- Green Energy Recovery for Sustainable DevelopmentIRJET Journal
This document discusses green energy recovery from waste for sustainable development. It describes how waste can be used to generate green energy through various thermo-chemical and bio-chemical conversion processes like combustion, gasification, pyrolysis, anaerobic digestion, and ethanol fermentation. These conversion processes transform biomass and organic waste into useful forms of energy like electricity, heat, biofuels and prevent waste from occupying landfills. The document also outlines different biomass resources that can be used, including agricultural/forest residues, energy crops, urban/municipal waste, and aquatic plants. Overall, green energy recovery from waste has benefits like reducing dependence on fossil fuels, producing renewable energy, and enabling more sustainable waste management.
Best Practices: Forest-Based Bioenergy and Rural Development. Case: Finnish B...TAPIO
Best Practices: Forest-Based Bioenergy and Rural Development. Case: Finnish Bioenergy Coordination Project
Arto Koistinen, Expert on Wood Production, Forestry Development Centre Tapio
25.10.2011
1) The document analyzes the bio-based packaging sector across the Danube Region through a cluster mapping approach. It identifies over 450,000 employees in the region working in bio-based packaging, representing around 27% of total European employment in the sector.
2) The cluster mapping divides the bio-based packaging value chain into key nodes like cultivation, production, and processing. It then categorizes over 300 companies in the region according to their node and industry classification. Around 40% of companies operate in plastic packaging manufacturing.
3) While the Danube Region represents a sizable share of European bio-based packaging employment and firms, its performance is mixed compared to Europe. Employment declined 4.6% since 2008 versus
Sustainable building practices and materials in relation to.pdfsdfghj21
The document discusses sustainable building practices and materials in New Zealand construction. It addresses three main pillars of sustainability: environmental, economic, and social. Environmentally, it focuses on using sustainable and low-impact materials, minimizing construction waste, and reusing existing structures. Economically, it emphasizes reducing water and energy consumption. Socially, it mentions providing employment opportunities and improving worker conditions.
Presentation by Katherine Adams of BRE & Loughborough University at at Circular Economy Thinking in Construction seminar, London 20 January 2017. More information: http://www.greenconstructionboard.org/index.php/2012-09-05-09-17-39/item/2372-circular-economy-thinking-cethinking-challenges-and-opportunities-for-the-construction-sector
The document discusses sustainable building practices and materials in New Zealand civil construction. It addresses three main pillars of sustainability: environmental, economic, and social. Environmentally, it focuses on using sustainable and low-impact materials, minimizing construction waste, and reusing existing structures. Economically, it emphasizes reducing water and energy consumption. Socially, it discusses providing employment opportunities and improving worker conditions. Overall, the document argues that collaborative efforts between various stakeholders can help develop more sustainable technologies and practices across the construction industry in New Zealand.
Challenges facing componentsreuse in industrialized housing: A literature reviewIEREK Press
Natural resources points towards sustainable development. Since a large proportion of human consumption is linked to buildings and construction, this means managing the construction process in more sustainable ways. Strategies that target greater material efficiency and which promote circular economy concepts are among several approaches that are gaining in popularity. The adoption of life-cycle thinking and practices in design, construction and end of life through the reuse of construction components and materials is one such action to achieve a sustainable built environment. Reuse is not a new concept and technical solutions do exist; however, practical realization is hampered by many interrelated challenges. This review paper is the result of a literature review for an exploratory study that aims to identify obstacles to the reuse of building components and materials. The context is industrializedhousing, particularly timber-based construction, as this is a sector where modern manufacturing and onsite practices have become established. The main obstacles identified and corroborated in the literature, along with their potential solutions, are summarized and conclusions drawn on the future direction of research needs.
IEF programme theme #2 Just & Affordable Clean Energy_20230214.pptxTEPBLEMIGAS
This document outlines the IEF's Strategic Programme Document, which aims to provide accountability, guidance, and an umbrella for IEF programs. It discusses developing the document using a top-down and bottom-up approach based on national policies and stakeholder input. The document then outlines 4 thematic programs on clean energy: renewable energy generation; low-emission transportation; low-emission industry; and green buildings and appliances. Each program discusses objectives, indicative activities, and calls for input on classification, gender mainstreaming, and result indicators. The overall aim is to increase renewable energy and energy efficiency to meet Indonesia's NDC and SDG targets on emissions reduction.
RPN Manila 2022: Session 2.6 Raffaele della Croce OECD.pdfOECD Environment
This presentation was delivered during the 6th Meeting of the OECD Southeast Asia Regional Programme’s Regional Policy Network on Sustainable Infrastructure, which took place on 25-26 April 2022 in Manila, the Philippines. The OECD’s Public Governance Directorate and Environment Directorate teamed up with the OECD Korea Policy Centre to organise the event. The National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA) of the Philippines co-chaired the event alongside the United States, and the Public Private Partnership Centre of the Philippines graciously provided the venue. For more details about the meeting, including the agenda and a short summary record, please visit: https://www.oecd.org/site/sipa/events/sipa-searp-philippines-2022.htm.
IRJET- Green Building Materials – An Approach Regarding Green ConstructionIRJET Journal
This document discusses green building materials and their benefits. It begins by outlining the environmental issues caused by conventional construction materials and the need for more sustainable options. It then examines various green building materials like bamboo, straw bales, ferrock and hempcrete that can reduce carbon footprint and energy usage. These materials are natural, renewable and require less processing than traditional concrete and steel. The document concludes that green building materials not only lower construction costs but also help create stronger, healthier structures while protecting the environment.
Sustainable Civil Engineering Solutions through Technological InnovationsIRJTAE
Sustainable development has become a primary focus in various sectors, including civil engineering. With the
ever-growing concerns about environmental degradation and resource depletion, integrating sustainability into
civil engineering practices has become imperative. This research article explores the role of technology in
advancing sustainable practices within the realm of civil engineering. It delves into specific technological
innovations and their applications in achieving sustainability goals in construction, infrastructure development,
and urban planning. Through a comprehensive review of literature and case studies, this paper examines how
advancements in technology are reshaping the field of civil engineering and enabling the design, construction,
and management of infrastructure with a focus on sustainability. Key areas of innovation explored include green
building materials, energy-efficient construction techniques, smart infrastructure systems, and digital modelling
and simulation tools.
Review on Green Building Concepts & TechniquesIRJET Journal
This document discusses methods for constructing green buildings. It defines a green building as one that uses eco-friendly materials and construction techniques to reduce environmental impacts. The key methods discussed are using sustainable building materials like aerated concrete blocks and straw bales, applying techniques like passive solar design and building orientation to optimize energy efficiency, and implementing policy changes like taxing excessive water usage. The goal of green building is to lower carbon emissions from the construction industry and create structures that preserve resources for future generations.
ASSESSMENT OF THE GREEN AND ENERGY SAVING TECHNOLOGY IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF A...IRJET Journal
The document discusses green and energy saving technologies in building construction. It defines green buildings as those that are environmentally responsible and efficient in their resource use over their entire lifecycle. Green buildings aim to optimize resource and energy usage. The document outlines various green building aspects like energy efficiency, water conservation, sustainable materials, indoor environmental quality and others. It also discusses common assessment methods for green buildings like LEED and GRIHA. Key drivers for adopting green technologies are listed as environmental concerns, energy cost savings, government policies and health/well-being benefits. Some misconceptions around and barriers to green building are also presented.
This document discusses green buildings and strategies to promote their adoption. It begins by outlining how the building industry is a major contributor to energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions globally. It then defines green buildings as those that are more energy efficient and environmentally friendly compared to conventional buildings. The document reviews various strategies that can be used in green buildings to reduce energy consumption, such as improving lighting efficiency, temperature control, passive design, and reducing waste. It also discusses criteria and rating systems used to evaluate the sustainability and performance of green buildings. Overall, the document aims to promote greater awareness and adoption of green building concepts and practices.
Innovative strategies for energy optimizationeSAT Journals
Abstract Optimization of energy production systems is a relevant issue that must be considered in order to follow the fossil fuels consumption reduction policies and the CO2 emission regulation. Increasing electricity production from renewable resources (e.g. photovoltaic systems and wind farms) is desirable but its unpredictability is a cause of problems for the main grid stability. The multi-energy system represents an efficient solution, by realizing an interface among renewable energy sources, energy storage systems and conventional power generators. Direct consequences of multi-energy systems are wider energy flexibility and benefits for the electric grid. In this study the performances of a multi-energy system in dynamic regime have been evaluated and a comparison with a conventional system has been performed. The results show how this innovative energetic approach can provide a cost reduction in power supply and energy fees of 40% and 25% respectively and CO2 emission decrease attained around 18%. Furthermore, the multi-energy system taken as case of study has been optimized through the utilization of three different type of energy storage (Pb-Ac batteries, Flywheels and Micro-Caes). Keywords: Multi-Energy System, Cost of Energy, Energy Storage
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Building and energy in the sustainable cityFahmy At
The document discusses the relationship between energy and buildings. It notes that 50% of fossil fuel consumption globally is related to building use and construction. Building materials require energy to produce and transport, and the erection of buildings also uses energy. Designers can reduce pollution by choosing environmentally friendly materials and employing ecological design practices. Effective building design must consider a structure's "carbon footprint", which includes the embodied carbon in materials, operational energy, transportation emissions from occupants, and demolition/disposal impacts. Selecting local, low-energy materials can help minimize a building's energy footprint. Locating developments near public transit also reduces transportation-related carbon.
The document presents the results of a study called "Forest Vision" which modeled alternative forest management scenarios in Germany. The Forest Vision scenario aims to support broadleaf trees with reduced management intensity and increased protection of rare forests. It showed strong synergies between climate and nature protection, storing more carbon while improving habitats compared to a base or timber scenario. However, it resulted in 25% less potential wood supply, requiring more efficient wood use. The Forest Vision scenario can help climate and nature protection goals if policies support increased material versus energy use of wood.
This document summarizes an academic research paper on affordable housing in India. It discusses the large shortage of housing for lower-income groups in India, estimated at over 18 million homes. The government aims to provide over 30 million new homes by 2022 to address this issue. The paper analyzes various government initiatives to promote affordable housing construction, including programs like Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojna. It also studies the impact of these policies on private developers and homebuyers. Construction methods that could reduce housing costs, such as prefabricated building techniques, are also examined.
IRJET- Green Energy Recovery for Sustainable DevelopmentIRJET Journal
This document discusses green energy recovery from waste for sustainable development. It describes how waste can be used to generate green energy through various thermo-chemical and bio-chemical conversion processes like combustion, gasification, pyrolysis, anaerobic digestion, and ethanol fermentation. These conversion processes transform biomass and organic waste into useful forms of energy like electricity, heat, biofuels and prevent waste from occupying landfills. The document also outlines different biomass resources that can be used, including agricultural/forest residues, energy crops, urban/municipal waste, and aquatic plants. Overall, green energy recovery from waste has benefits like reducing dependence on fossil fuels, producing renewable energy, and enabling more sustainable waste management.
Best Practices: Forest-Based Bioenergy and Rural Development. Case: Finnish B...TAPIO
Best Practices: Forest-Based Bioenergy and Rural Development. Case: Finnish Bioenergy Coordination Project
Arto Koistinen, Expert on Wood Production, Forestry Development Centre Tapio
25.10.2011
1) The document analyzes the bio-based packaging sector across the Danube Region through a cluster mapping approach. It identifies over 450,000 employees in the region working in bio-based packaging, representing around 27% of total European employment in the sector.
2) The cluster mapping divides the bio-based packaging value chain into key nodes like cultivation, production, and processing. It then categorizes over 300 companies in the region according to their node and industry classification. Around 40% of companies operate in plastic packaging manufacturing.
3) While the Danube Region represents a sizable share of European bio-based packaging employment and firms, its performance is mixed compared to Europe. Employment declined 4.6% since 2008 versus
Sustainable building practices and materials in relation to.pdfsdfghj21
The document discusses sustainable building practices and materials in New Zealand construction. It addresses three main pillars of sustainability: environmental, economic, and social. Environmentally, it focuses on using sustainable and low-impact materials, minimizing construction waste, and reusing existing structures. Economically, it emphasizes reducing water and energy consumption. Socially, it mentions providing employment opportunities and improving worker conditions.
Presentation by Katherine Adams of BRE & Loughborough University at at Circular Economy Thinking in Construction seminar, London 20 January 2017. More information: http://www.greenconstructionboard.org/index.php/2012-09-05-09-17-39/item/2372-circular-economy-thinking-cethinking-challenges-and-opportunities-for-the-construction-sector
The document discusses sustainable building practices and materials in New Zealand civil construction. It addresses three main pillars of sustainability: environmental, economic, and social. Environmentally, it focuses on using sustainable and low-impact materials, minimizing construction waste, and reusing existing structures. Economically, it emphasizes reducing water and energy consumption. Socially, it discusses providing employment opportunities and improving worker conditions. Overall, the document argues that collaborative efforts between various stakeholders can help develop more sustainable technologies and practices across the construction industry in New Zealand.
Challenges facing componentsreuse in industrialized housing: A literature reviewIEREK Press
Natural resources points towards sustainable development. Since a large proportion of human consumption is linked to buildings and construction, this means managing the construction process in more sustainable ways. Strategies that target greater material efficiency and which promote circular economy concepts are among several approaches that are gaining in popularity. The adoption of life-cycle thinking and practices in design, construction and end of life through the reuse of construction components and materials is one such action to achieve a sustainable built environment. Reuse is not a new concept and technical solutions do exist; however, practical realization is hampered by many interrelated challenges. This review paper is the result of a literature review for an exploratory study that aims to identify obstacles to the reuse of building components and materials. The context is industrializedhousing, particularly timber-based construction, as this is a sector where modern manufacturing and onsite practices have become established. The main obstacles identified and corroborated in the literature, along with their potential solutions, are summarized and conclusions drawn on the future direction of research needs.
IEF programme theme #2 Just & Affordable Clean Energy_20230214.pptxTEPBLEMIGAS
This document outlines the IEF's Strategic Programme Document, which aims to provide accountability, guidance, and an umbrella for IEF programs. It discusses developing the document using a top-down and bottom-up approach based on national policies and stakeholder input. The document then outlines 4 thematic programs on clean energy: renewable energy generation; low-emission transportation; low-emission industry; and green buildings and appliances. Each program discusses objectives, indicative activities, and calls for input on classification, gender mainstreaming, and result indicators. The overall aim is to increase renewable energy and energy efficiency to meet Indonesia's NDC and SDG targets on emissions reduction.
RPN Manila 2022: Session 2.6 Raffaele della Croce OECD.pdfOECD Environment
This presentation was delivered during the 6th Meeting of the OECD Southeast Asia Regional Programme’s Regional Policy Network on Sustainable Infrastructure, which took place on 25-26 April 2022 in Manila, the Philippines. The OECD’s Public Governance Directorate and Environment Directorate teamed up with the OECD Korea Policy Centre to organise the event. The National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA) of the Philippines co-chaired the event alongside the United States, and the Public Private Partnership Centre of the Philippines graciously provided the venue. For more details about the meeting, including the agenda and a short summary record, please visit: https://www.oecd.org/site/sipa/events/sipa-searp-philippines-2022.htm.
IRJET- Green Building Materials – An Approach Regarding Green ConstructionIRJET Journal
This document discusses green building materials and their benefits. It begins by outlining the environmental issues caused by conventional construction materials and the need for more sustainable options. It then examines various green building materials like bamboo, straw bales, ferrock and hempcrete that can reduce carbon footprint and energy usage. These materials are natural, renewable and require less processing than traditional concrete and steel. The document concludes that green building materials not only lower construction costs but also help create stronger, healthier structures while protecting the environment.
Sustainable Civil Engineering Solutions through Technological InnovationsIRJTAE
Sustainable development has become a primary focus in various sectors, including civil engineering. With the
ever-growing concerns about environmental degradation and resource depletion, integrating sustainability into
civil engineering practices has become imperative. This research article explores the role of technology in
advancing sustainable practices within the realm of civil engineering. It delves into specific technological
innovations and their applications in achieving sustainability goals in construction, infrastructure development,
and urban planning. Through a comprehensive review of literature and case studies, this paper examines how
advancements in technology are reshaping the field of civil engineering and enabling the design, construction,
and management of infrastructure with a focus on sustainability. Key areas of innovation explored include green
building materials, energy-efficient construction techniques, smart infrastructure systems, and digital modelling
and simulation tools.
Review on Green Building Concepts & TechniquesIRJET Journal
This document discusses methods for constructing green buildings. It defines a green building as one that uses eco-friendly materials and construction techniques to reduce environmental impacts. The key methods discussed are using sustainable building materials like aerated concrete blocks and straw bales, applying techniques like passive solar design and building orientation to optimize energy efficiency, and implementing policy changes like taxing excessive water usage. The goal of green building is to lower carbon emissions from the construction industry and create structures that preserve resources for future generations.
ASSESSMENT OF THE GREEN AND ENERGY SAVING TECHNOLOGY IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF A...IRJET Journal
The document discusses green and energy saving technologies in building construction. It defines green buildings as those that are environmentally responsible and efficient in their resource use over their entire lifecycle. Green buildings aim to optimize resource and energy usage. The document outlines various green building aspects like energy efficiency, water conservation, sustainable materials, indoor environmental quality and others. It also discusses common assessment methods for green buildings like LEED and GRIHA. Key drivers for adopting green technologies are listed as environmental concerns, energy cost savings, government policies and health/well-being benefits. Some misconceptions around and barriers to green building are also presented.
This document discusses green buildings and strategies to promote their adoption. It begins by outlining how the building industry is a major contributor to energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions globally. It then defines green buildings as those that are more energy efficient and environmentally friendly compared to conventional buildings. The document reviews various strategies that can be used in green buildings to reduce energy consumption, such as improving lighting efficiency, temperature control, passive design, and reducing waste. It also discusses criteria and rating systems used to evaluate the sustainability and performance of green buildings. Overall, the document aims to promote greater awareness and adoption of green building concepts and practices.
This document discusses low-cost building materials and construction techniques for developing affordable housing. It begins by outlining common problems in developing countries like population growth, urbanization, and shortage of affordable materials. It then lists several alternative building materials that can help address these issues in a more sustainable and cost-effective way, such as fly ash bricks, hollow concrete blocks, bamboo, and composites. The document emphasizes selecting materials that are locally available, use recycled waste, and require less energy intensive manufacturing to reduce costs while maintaining quality. Government policies and initiatives for developing low-cost and affordable housing are also mentioned.
The document discusses low-cost building materials and construction techniques. It begins by outlining common problems faced by developing countries like population growth, urbanization, and shortage of affordable materials. It then lists some alternative building materials that can help address these issues like fly ash bricks, hollow concrete blocks, bamboo, etc. These materials offer advantages over conventional materials like lower cost, better durability and energy efficiency. The document also discusses composites as low-cost building materials and how organizations like BMTPC in India promote research and development in this area. It provides guidelines for selecting low-cost materials for low-cost housing projects.
IRJET- Planning and Designing of Residential Building by using Sustainable Ma...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that examines the planning and design of a residential building using sustainable materials and green building concepts. It begins by defining green buildings as those designed and constructed to minimize environmental impacts both indoors and outdoors. The paper then reviews various sustainable materials that could be used for the building, such as stabilized mud blocks, low-emittance windows, and filler slab roofing. It presents the methodology, which includes studying green materials, planning the building, and comparing costs to a conventional design. Floor plans are shown for the proposed two-story building, which is intended to house six residents in Bhatkal, India. Advantages of the green design include minimizing environmental impacts, lowering operating costs, and
This document is a project report submitted by a group of 6 students at V.V.P. Engineering College in Rajkot, Gujarat, India. The report discusses green building concepts, features, history, benefits, and materials. It provides definitions of green building, describes features like efficient energy and water use, and renewable materials. The report outlines environmental benefits like reduced emissions, economic benefits like cost savings, and social benefits like improved health and well-being. Examples of green building materials discussed include straw bales and grasscrete.
A Review Paper on Retrofitting of Institutional Building into Green Building ...IRJET Journal
The document discusses retrofitting existing institutional buildings into green buildings. It provides definitions of retrofitting and green retrofitting. Retrofitting can help prolong the life of existing buildings in a cost-effective way. Green retrofitting includes enhancing energy and water efficiency through measures like improving insulation, HVAC systems, and using sustainable materials. While upfront costs may be higher for green retrofits, there are significant long-term savings through reduced energy and maintenance costs. The document reviews several studies on the costs and benefits of green retrofitting existing buildings. More research is still needed to fully quantify the environmental, economic, and social impacts of green retrofits.
This document provides an overview of green building technology. It defines green building as environmentally-conscious construction that uses less energy, water and resources and creates less waste. Green building technology covers features like geothermal heating and energy-efficient appliances. The key objectives of green building include protecting occupant health, improving productivity, conserving resources, reducing carbon footprint, and achieving better indoor air quality. Materials selection is an important part of green building, focusing on criteria like resource efficiency, energy efficiency, affordability, recyclability, and water conservation. Green buildings provide benefits like reduced costs, energy conservation, improved health, and increased productivity.
In the context of regional development, there is increasing interest in identifying industrial transformation processes that lead to the emergence of new clusters. This demand is further fu-elled by the concept of Smart Specialisation (S3), which concentrates its approach on transformative activities. Without doubt, traditional cluster mapping can be considered to be an important tool for the identification and monitoring of (existing) clusters but it often fails to identify new clusters that emerge as a result of industrial transformation processes. Conventional statistical approaches provide limited information about these emerging clusters. This is because they are based on statistics, which reflect the present situation or the recent past but do not provide information about the future. This paper introduces a new approach to predicting emerging clusters more effectively through the regional mapping and clustering of applied R&D activities. The methodology is based on the assumption that if a critical mass of regional actors independently invests in a same new area, with the objective of developing new products, technologies and services with high cross-sectoral innovation potential, this will likely lead to an emerging industry and the formation of a new cluster-once these products and technologies are successfully commercialised. The paper successfully verifies this approach by considering e-mobility cluster development in Germany. It also shows where traditional automotive clusters are transforming and becoming e-mobility clusters .
Cluster Initiativen als Schrittmacher regionaler InnovationsentwicklungenGerd Meier zu Koecker
Aus Sicht der Akteure, die regionale Innovationsstrategien
vorantreiben wollen, existieren drei wesentliche Barrieren:
• Mangelndes Bewusstsein für die Notwendigkeit regionaler
Innovationsstrategien. Die Wirtschaft in Baden-
Württemberg entwickelt sich seit Jahren überaus
erfreulich; die Unternehmen können den nationalen
und internationalen Bedarf kaum decken. In solchen
Boom-Zeiten ist es schwierig, den regionalen Akteuren
zu vermitteln, warum regionale Entwicklungskonzepte
für eine nachhaltige wirtschaftliche Entwicklung
notwendig sind. Außerdem ist die Thematik für manche
Akteure noch vergleichsweise neu oder lässt sich
zum Tagesgeschäft dazu nicht verfolgen.
• Das fehlende Wissen, wie regionale Innovationskonzepte
entwickelt werden sollen. Da die Entwicklung
von regionalen Innovationsstrategien zur Steigerung
der Innovations- und Wettbewerbsfähigkeit bisher in
der Regel nicht im Verantwortungsbereich der regionalen
Akteure lag, existiert ein vergleichsweise geringes
Wissen, wie dieser Prozess zu gestalten ist und wie
die Ergebnisse in der Region zu kommunizieren sind.
• Fehlende Instrumente für die Konzeption und Implementierung
regionaler Innovationsstrategien.
Die zukünftige Herausforderung besteht also darin, diese
Barrieren und Unsicherheiten der potenziellen Akteure,
die für die Entwicklung und Umsetzung von derartigen
regionalen Entwicklungskonzepten im Sinne eines kontinuierlichen
regionalen Verbesserungsprozesses zuständig
sind, zu beseitigen.
Die Studie zeigt, welche Rolle Cluster Initiativen in diesem Kontext spielen können
10 YEARS CLUSTER MANAGEMENT EXCELLENCE
IN THE DANUBE REGION
Pan-European Snapshot of the Current Status of Cluster
Management Excellence in Europe
Excellent cluster management is crucial for maximizing the benefits that can be achieved through cluster initiatives in their efforts to support industry, research, and education in the regions. In parallel, these strategic cluster activities support public authorities in their regional development efforts focusing on im-provements in competitiveness.
Over the last 10 years, Cluster Management Excellence has moved up the policy agenda: Initially, most cluster programmes within the European Union paid dedicated attention to funding cluster (management) organisations due to their important role as drivers of innovation within the clusters (or within the regional networks). Funding of such cluster management organisations mainly meant financing the corresponding staff and related infrastructure. In general, key programme objectives were to strengthen the capacities of cluster management organisations. This approach has worked fairly well for many years now. However, when Cluster Management Excellence gained increasing relevance in all political discussions, new approaches were needed to better support cluster management organisations striving for excellence
The previous results have shown that the Danube
Region has developed to become a hot spot
in the field of Phytopharma. Besides European
frontrunner regions, like Praha region, many
others show strong indicators in terms employ-
ment, number of enterprises, fast growing firms
(Gazelles), or terms of regional specialisation. 50 %
of all European regions with two or more Cluster
Stars are located in the Danube Region. 44 % of
all European workers in the Phytopharmaceutical
industry are employed by enterprises coming from
this region. All these figures provide good evidence for the economic strength of the Danube Region.
Table 7 (s. Appendix) provides more information
about the strongest regions in this sector. Despite
of the significant industrial agglomerations in
the Phytopharmaceutical sector in the Danube
Region shown by this report, only a small number
of cluster initiatives exist. They can be character-
ised to be comparable small in terms of size and
young in terms of cluster management experi-
ence. In Appendix II the most relevant cluster initi-
atives are listed.
This discussion paper explores the role clusters, cluster initiatives and cluster organisations can play in the context of facilitating entrepreneurship within emerging industries. For the pupose of this paper clusters are understood as regional ecosystems of related industries represented through a group of firms, related economic actors and institutions that are located near each other and have reached a sufficient scale to develop specialised expertise etc. Cluster initiatives are organised efforts to support the competitiveness of a cluster and thus consist of practical actions related to the capacity of these clusters to self-organise and increasingly to pro-actively shape the future of the cluster. They usually follow a bottom-up approach, are implemented through a competitive process, and are often managed by specialised intermediaries, such as cluster organisations. Cluster organisations are the legal enti-ties that support the strengthening of collaboration, networking and learning in clusters, and act as innovation support providers by providing or channelling specialised and customised business support services to stimulate innovation activities, especially in SMEs. They are usually the actors that facilitate strategic partnering across clusters.1 Emerging industries can be understood as either new industrial sectors or existing industrial sectors that are evolving or merging into new industries. They are defined as “the establishment of an entirely new industrial value chain, or the radical reconfiguration of an existing one, driven by a disruptive idea (or convergence of ideas).
This discussion paper puts clusters and in particular cluster initiatives and cluster organisations into the spotlight as they constitute the players in the cluster ecosystem through which such an access can be provided.
The present discussion paper, serves to initiate a debate on the current and future role of clusters and cluster organisations in connection with skills development with a special focus on emerging indus-tries.
In recent years, “the cluster and skills” topic gained increasing importance among policy makers in Europe, notably in the context of the New skills Agenda, the Blueprint for sectoral cooperation on skills, Sector Skills Alliance under ERASMUS+, the Digital Skills and Jobs Coalition etc 1. As this paper will show, numerous cluster organisations have initiated actions related to education and training. The rationale for this trend is the emergence of new industries and increasing technological convergence which leads to continuously change of workforce skills by industry. The ongoing discussions point out that much more clarity is needed on how current training efforts are embedded in cluster development and by whom these measures can be implemented best. Also, more insights on what kind of role clus-ter organisations can or should play to assure that workforce skills match the ongoing needs of indus-try, markets, and society are required.
StressTesting Regional Approaches Conducive to Implement S3 through ClustersGerd Meier zu Koecker
The present Policy Report summarises the findings of the 11 Apline regions’ StressTest reports and provides reflections how to make more use of cluster-based approaches in mplementing S3 in practice.
The Interplay between S3 and Clusters - StressTesting Regional Approaches Con...Gerd Meier zu Koecker
Most European Union (EU) regions have developed Smart Specialisation Strategies (S3) as integrated part of their regional innovation strategies. The challenge is to implement S3 through clusters in order to gain sustainable and inclusive growth while generating critical mass of economically viable activities. StressTesting these approaches reveals value insights that go beyond existing knowledge and stimulates policy learning.
The presentation summarises the findings of 11 Alpine Region StressTest exercises and provides reflections how to make more use of cluster-based approaches in implementing S3
Do we need cluster in a digitalized world? What added value can they provide to SMEs? what do they already do? The presentation introduces in the topic of "clusters & digitalization" and provides good practices from Baden-Württemberg how cluster managements can help SMEs to better digitalize.
This report identifies potential synergies among the smart specialization strategies (S3) of 11 regions in the Alpine Space that are partners in the S3-4AlpClusters project. It analyzes data on the partners' priority areas and industries. Key findings include:
- The partners' regions differ significantly in size, clusters, specializations, and innovation investments.
- Priority areas of focus include ICT, environment/energy, agrifood, life sciences, and manufacturing.
- More work is needed to understand market potential and facilitate cross-regional linkages to achieve critical mass.
- Cross-regional workshops could help initiate interactions between actors in different regions.
This document discusses sustainable financing options for cluster initiatives. It begins by outlining the typical financing structure in Europe, which includes baseline public support, membership fees, and EU project funding. It then examines a case study of an aviation cluster that lost public funding and had to transition to new sources. These included increasing membership fees, providing new fee-based services, and partnering with other organizations. The document also analyzes factors that influence financing like acquiring new members and clients, modifying fees, and developing various fee and non-fee services. Overall it promotes moving from sole public funding toward more diverse and sustainable sources like strategic projects and international initiatives driven by member demand.
The Alpine Macro Region is one of European Innovation Hotspots, especially in the field of Eco Innovation. However, cross-regional cooperation is still an exception
Cluster are going to play an important role in regional development, coordination and strategy development. There are plenty of upcoming financing opportunities to cluster organizations to play a more important role. Cluster initiatives from Danube Region shall not miss this opportunity
The management of cluster A1 carried out a so-called impact
analysis in co-operation with the Institute for Innovation and
Technology (iit) in April/May 2012. The objective of the investigations
was to find out in which fields and to which extent the
players of cluster A had particularly profited from the networking
and in which fields the members’ requirements, especially
those of the enterprises, could eventually not have been met.
The results of the study clearly show that the enterprises in cluster
A have generally been able to benefit well or even very well
from the net-working activities.
Equally important is the fact that the surveyed enterprises had
achieved excellent effects specifically in those fields that had
been considered particularly important for a large number of
cluster participants.
This fact illustrates that the management of cluster A had predominantly
focused its activities on the fields of high priority
and has been able to achieve very positive effects.
In the context of limited resources available to the cluster
management organisation, this finding is of high relevance.
The performance of the enterprises involved in cluster A can be
described as good.
At least half of the network’s players range above the general
industry average regarding typical indicators like turnover or
productivity.
The impact analysis shows that public investments generally
result in monetary benefits for the companies involved in a
cluster initiative. The monetary effect (output) hereby has turned
out to be larger than the public sector invest-ments (input)
made over the same period of time. The output/input leverage
amounts to 2.3. Thus, each euro invested to the cluster by
public authorities generates a monetary benefit of EUR 2.3
which is an encouraging result.
The overall analysis revealed that the sum of monetary effects
had been larger than the total number of investments made by
the public and private sector (the output-input-rate amounts
to 1.3).
This result can in fact be interpreted as consolidated legitimization to public investments in recent years.
Existing and well-functioning regional or national innovation systems designed to support scienceand
technology-based innovation have to be further developed in order to be able to meet new
challenges from emerging global markets for technology and new forms of global knowledgesharing.
Across all countries, governments have recently been involved in research and education;
hence a need for new knowledge and new business skills will also have to be in the focus of
governmental interest. Governments have constantly been called upon to react accordingly and to
adopt innovation-friendly framework conditions. New policy tools have been created to be able to
better meet this challenge.
The regional dimension has also become of increasing significance. Nowadays, regions have come
up with own innovation strategies considering the individual regional strengths instead of spreading
public investments thinly across several frontier technology research fields and, as a consequence,
not making much of an impact.
Innovation policy has to acknowledge that traditional boundaries between manufacturing and
services are increasingly being blurred. The success of manufacturing depends, for instance, very
much on innovative services, such as design, marketing and logistics as well as on product related
after-sales services, and vice versa. More and more service providers are manufacturing goods
that build upon or are related to their service portfolio or distribution channels. But regional and
industrial development policies and tools are still not sufficiently taking account of these changes.
Service innovation is in fact a driver for growth and structural change across the entire economy. It
helps to make the entire economy more productive and provides fuel for innovation in other
industries. It even has the potential to create new growth poles and to lead markets that have a
macro-economic impact.
The so called systematic innovation policy approach, which has recently been introduced in many
industrialised countries, is based on the assumption that an effective innovation policy has to
improve all determinants that influence a given sector-specific innovation system.
The indicator-based Analysis of National Innovation Systems Approach (ANIS), developed by the
Institute for Innovation and Technology (iit Berlin) includes a comprehensive examination and
evaluation of the status of national innovation systems. It is mainly intended for emerging and
developing countries for which standard innovation benchmarking and monitoring approaches
might not be sufficient as statistical data is often missing or outdated. Policy-makers of these
countries can benefit from clear advice on how to overcome weaknesses within their national
innovation system and to identify determinants of specific relevance.
Forschungsatlas Elektromobilität - Prioritäre Forschungsthemen und regionale ...Gerd Meier zu Koecker
Vor dem Hintergrund der künftigen Bedeutung von Elektromobilität für den Industriestandort Deutschland ist es nicht verwunderlich, dass sich Wissenschaft, Wirtschaft und Politik seit Jahren in diesem Thema engagieren. Allein die Bundesregierung hat in den vergangenen Jahren mehr als 1.3 Mrd. € in Forschung, Bildung und Innovation investiert. Gleichzeitig hat die Industrie ebenfalls in mindestens gleicher Größenordnung investiert. Diese Zahlen zeigen, dass die Elektromobilität ein wichtiges Forschungsfeld
in Deutschland darstellt.
Gleichzeitig haben sich über die Jahre in verschiedenen Bereichen in Deutschland erste Anzeichen einer regionalen
Spezialisierung gezeigt. So spezialisieren sich die Akteure in
Berlin / Brandenburg und in der Region Rhein-Ruhr auf „Mobilitätskonzepte“, während die klassischen Automobilstandorte vor allem in den Bereichen „Produktion und Fertigung“ sowie „Fahrzeuge / Fahrzeugkomponenten“ aktiv sind. Niedersachsen und Dresden fokussieren sich auf den Bereich „Laden und Speichern“. In Sachsen sind besonders viele Forschungsaktivitäten im Bereich „Hybridbusse“ zu verzeichnen. Der Forschungsatlas gibt hier einen umfassenden Überblick.
Cluster funding in Germany has a long tradition, on Federal State as well as on Federal Level. The graphs displays the most relevant cluster and network support schemes over the last 15 years
Implementation RIS3 through Clusters - New Role of Clusters in Regional Devel...Gerd Meier zu Koecker
In recent years, cluster policy has gained increased importance in improving the competitiveness of local industries and in facilitating industrial transformation processes. The majority of European regions has developed regional Smart Specialisation Strategies (S3) to stimulate more strategic and more focused investments in the regions to create more jobs and economic growth. These growth strategies, based on clusters in the respective regions, demand comprehensive efforts for mobilising resources for accelerating innovation and industrial transformation efforts. Regions are a driving force in this endeavour, as favourable place-based business conditions are making a difference to incentivise actors in the real economy, notably small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Industrial transformation is a significant challenge for regional policy makers to adapt existing cluster policies accordingly. Requirements for enterprises, clusters as well as for cluster policy are changing dramatically. The challenge is to implement S3 through clusters to gain sustainable and inclusive growth. Not much experiences exist due to a lack of knowledge about S3 in other regions.
The presentation shows new ways how to make better use of clusters and how to measure the systematic of the related approach.
Smart Diversification of enterprises through cluster organizationsGerd Meier zu Koecker
Cluster initiatives can serve as think tanks to help companies strategically differentiate themselves. They bring together stakeholders along the value chain who can collaborate on new opportunities. Strategic differentiation is challenging as global competition has increased and customer needs have evolved. In the past, technological superiority provided differentiation, but customers now expect products and services to be high quality and trigger emotions. Successful innovations integrate diverse aspects like technology, marketing, design and sales. Cluster initiatives can initiate cross-industry projects to help companies explore new opportunities beyond their core competencies. This allows companies to strategically position themselves ahead of competitors through new products, services, business models or ways of using resources.
Industrie 4.0 – die Rolle von Cluster-Initiativen im Wandel der Wertschöpfung...Gerd Meier zu Koecker
Können daher Cluster-Initiativen auch im Kontext Industrie
4.0 eine nachhaltige Rolle als Coach und Mittler zwischen
Wissenschaft, Wirtschaft und Politik einnehmen?
Welche sinnvolle Rolle können diese neben anderen Akteuren,
wie Wirtschaftsförderern, Handelskammern oder
Landesagenturen, die sich zum Ziel gesetzt haben, Unternehmen
in diesem Themenfeld zu unterstützen, einnehmen?
Wo liegen aber auch die Grenzen der Möglichkeiten
der Cluster-Initiativen?
An einer ersten Sachstandsanalyse nahmen sieben
der leistungsfähigsten Clustermanagements aus Baden-
Württemberg teil, welche alle mit dem Baden-Württemberg
Exzellenz-Label ausgezeichnet sind. Die Region
Baden-Württemberg wurde vor allem deswegen ausgewählt,
weil sie im Bereich der Produktionstechnik eine
führende Rolle in Deutschland einnimmt.
Colby Hobson: Residential Construction Leader Building a Solid Reputation Thr...dsnow9802
Colby Hobson stands out as a dynamic leader in the residential construction industry. With a solid reputation built on his exceptional communication and presentation skills, Colby has proven himself to be an excellent team player, fostering a collaborative and efficient work environment.
Ganpati Kumar Choudhary Indian Ethos PPT.pptx, The Dilemma of Green Energy Corporation
Green Energy Corporation, a leading renewable energy company, faces a dilemma: balancing profitability and sustainability. Pressure to scale rapidly has led to ethical concerns, as the company's commitment to sustainable practices is tested by the need to satisfy shareholders and maintain a competitive edge.
Comparing Stability and Sustainability in Agile SystemsRob Healy
Copy of the presentation given at XP2024 based on a research paper.
In this paper we explain wat overwork is and the physical and mental health risks associated with it.
We then explore how overwork relates to system stability and inventory.
Finally there is a call to action for Team Leads / Scrum Masters / Managers to measure and monitor excess work for individual teams.
12 steps to transform your organization into the agile org you deservePierre E. NEIS
During an organizational transformation, the shift is from the previous state to an improved one. In the realm of agility, I emphasize the significance of identifying polarities. This approach helps establish a clear understanding of your objectives. I have outlined 12 incremental actions to delineate your organizational strategy.
Specific ServPoints should be tailored for restaurants in all food service segments. Your ServPoints should be the centerpiece of brand delivery training (guest service) and align with your brand position and marketing initiatives, especially in high-labor-cost conditions.
408-784-7371
Foodservice Consulting + Design
Enriching engagement with ethical review processesstrikingabalance
New ethics review processes at the University of Bath. Presented at the 8th World Conference on Research Integrity by Filipa Vance, Head of Research Governance and Compliance at the University of Bath. June 2024, Athens
Integrity in leadership builds trust by ensuring consistency between words an...Ram V Chary
Integrity in leadership builds trust by ensuring consistency between words and actions, making leaders reliable and credible. It also ensures ethical decision-making, which fosters a positive organizational culture and promotes long-term success. #RamVChary
Employment PracticesRegulation and Multinational CorporationsRoopaTemkar
Employment PracticesRegulation and Multinational Corporations
Strategic decision making within MNCs constrained or determined by the implementation of laws and codes of practice and by pressure from political actors. Managers in MNCs have to make choices that are shaped by gvmt. intervention and the local economy.
1. Project co-funded by European Union funds (ERDF, IPA)
Cluster Mapping Synthesis Report
Eco-Construction
Cross-clustering partnership for boosting eco-innovation
by developing a joint bio-based value-added network for the Danube Region
interreg-danube.eu/danubiovalnet
twitter.com/danu_bioval
3. Cluster Mapping Synthesis Report/Eco-Construction 3
Project co-funded by European Union funds (ERDF, IPA)
Contents
Introduction........................................................................................................................................................................................4
The Cluster Mapping Approach.............................................................................................................................4
Composition of the Eco-Construction Sector....................................................................................6
Overview................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7
Employment.......................................................................................................................................................................................8
Enterprises.............................................................................................................................................................................................9
Regional Specialisation.....................................................................................................................................................12
Summary................................................................................................................................................................................................13
The DanuBioValNet Project..........................................................................................................................................13
APPENDIX I..........................................................................................................................................................................................15
APPENDIX II........................................................................................................................................................................................17
4. Cluster Mapping Synthesis Report/Eco-Construction 4
Project co-funded by European Union funds (ERDF, IPA)
Eco-friendly or ecological construction
(Eco-Construction) is building a structure that is
beneficial or non-harmful to the environment and
resource efficient. Also known as green building, this
type of construction is especially efficient in its use of
local and renewable materials (preferably wood-based
materials). Also in terms of energy production and
consumption, Eco-Construction focuses on obtaining
the required energy from green sources.
Eco-friendly construction has developed in response
to the knowledge that buildings often have a nega-
tive impact upon our environment and our natural
resources. This includes transporting materials
hundreds or thousands of miles, which increases
the energy required for transportation and avoids
the emissions of hazardous chemicals from a poorly
designed building that creates and traps them.
Multiple options are now available to design and to
build an eco-friendly dwelling. Architects, civil engi-
neers and builders worldwide are now using construc-
tion techniques that have been developed throughout
history, in response to local environmental concerns
and the physical resource opportunities available. On
top, 21st century technological refinements have been
boosting construction techniques essentially.
Buildings that integrate passive energy systems (biocli-
matic buildings) are operated using non-mechan-
ical methods, thereby optimizing the use of natural
resources. This involves the positioning and loca-
tion of a building to allow and make use of sunlight
throughout the whole year. By using sun rays, thermal
mass is stored into the building materials such as
concrete, which allows the generation of enough heat
for a room.
Eco-friendly building often uses Eco-Materials, which
are certified green building materials, such as wood
from sustainably managed forest plantations with
accreditations from respective certification bodies.
Several other types of components and Eco-Materials
are often utilized for Eco-friendly buildings. The
commonly usage of recyclable and recycled materials
in construction requires that they don’t generate any
waste during manufacture or after the end of their
life cycle. Reclaimed materials such as timber at a
construction site or junkyard can be given a second life
by reusing them as support beams in a new building or
as furniture. Moreover, stones from an excavation can
be used in a retaining wall. The reuse of these items
does not only decrease the amount of energy that is
consumed in making new products, it also achieves a
new natural aesthetic quality.
There are further criteria that can be applied for
Eco-Construction:
• In terms of significant reduction in heating and
cooling requirements, energy gain optimization and
power consumption limitation (lighting and ventila-
tion management, efficient equipment).
• In terms of upkeep-maintenance: choice of materials,
equipment and implementation requiring limited
upkeep, facilitating maintenance and promoting
long life for the entire site.
• In terms of overall cost: take into account direct
and indirect costs, the increase in energy costs as
well as the impact on health and the environment.
Only 20 % of the overall cost of a building relates to
construction, 80 % is due to its operation (mainte-
nance and consumption)
The market for Eco-Construction, especially wooden
houses, is facing strong and rapid growth. There are
many reasons for the growing demand, as there are
more aspects than just concerns because of ecological
issues.
In addition to providing excellent heat and noise
insulation, as well as energy savings, wooden-based
Eco-Construction houses are prefabricated and
modular. This means that costs are reduced and less
time is needed for construction and installation, whilst
there is a wide variety of styles, configurations and
customisations to choose from.
INTRODUCTION
The Cluster Mapping Approach
Clusters can be understood as regional concentra-
tions of economic activities in related industries
connected through local linkages and spill-overs,
have long been known to be a feature of market
economy1
. Cluster organisations can help firms
to better engage with other local actors within
their cluster and to organise collective actions
to strengthen the local context. Moreover, they
can reduce the transaction costs for firms, espe-
cially SMEs, in building linkages to firms and
collaboration partners in other locations.
Clusters have a distinct geographic dimension,
reflecting the dynamics of local spill-overs. They are
also deeply embedded in a broader geographic
context: they serve markets elsewhere and are
connected to other clusters with complementary
strengths in regional, interregional or global value
chains. This mirrors the role of location for firms:
while local conditions provide the unique context
for building distinct capabilities and strategic
1) Ketels, Christian (2017), Cluster Mapping as Tool for Development, Havard Business School, http://www.hbs.edu/faculty/
Publication%20Files/Cluster%20Mapping%20as%20a%20Tool%20for%20Development%20_%20report_ISC%20WP%20
version%2010-10-17_c46d2cf1-41ed-43c0-bfd8-932957a4ceda.pdf.
5. Cluster Mapping Synthesis Report/Eco-Construction 5
Project co-funded by European Union funds (ERDF, IPA)
positions, national and international linkages are
critical to access other markets, suppliers, and
collaboration partner.
Cluster mapping describes the process of meas-
uring the presence of cluster actors in a given
region across defined sector-specific value chains.
Cluster mapping, especially in Emerging Industries
like Eco-Construction, is of high relevance to better
understand the key competences of the cluster
actors as well as to review to what extent the
respective value chain is properly covered.
This report provides the first perspective on
Eco-Construction clusters across Europe, with
dedicated focus on the Danube Region. One key
novelty is the introduction of firm-level data to
supplement the statistical data from national and
EU statistical offices. This firm-based data signifi-
cantly increases the robustness of the data, espe-
cially in countries like Germany that collect regional
data through samples rather than reporting by all
firms. It also enables performance of individual
firms to be tracked over time, gaining more gran-
ular insights into patterns of entrepreneurship.
The report is based on a new dataset that is
compiled specifically for analysing detailed
patterns of cluster evolution. The core of the
dataset is the firm- and plant-level data sources
from the Orbis Historical dataset supplied by
Bureau van Dijk (June 2016 release)2
. This dataset
provides detailed data on the economic perfor-
mance of firms. It allows the usage of data of firms’
turnover, wage bill, capital, materials and employ-
ment3
, totalling more than 1 billion data points. The
coverage is very good in most countries in Europe,
and especially for larger limited liability compa-
nies. However significant gaps were still present.
In this report strong clusters are being determined
based on the approach of the European Cluster
Panorama, by giving a “Cluster Star” for each
region being identified to belong to the top 20 %
of European regions in the following dimensions4
:
• Specialisation, measured by the relative size of
regional employment in the Eco-Construction
sector reflected in its location quotient (LQ). This
relative measure indicates how much stronger
a region is in the Eco-Construction sector than
it would be expected, given its overall size,
compared to the average employment size in the
Eco-Construction sector across all regions
• Absolute size, measured by the number of
employees and establishments. This measure
is based on the observation that the number of
linkages within a cluster is growing exponen-
tially with the number of participants. Only when
economic activity in the Eco-Construction sector
moves beyond a threshold of critical mass do
cluster effects become significant.
• Productivity, measured by the wages paid in
an Eco-Construction cluster (adjusted for local
cost levels). This measure reflects not only what
is being done in a region, but how well it is
being done, influenced by the strength of cluster
effects. Wages are also influenced by the struc-
ture of labour markets and other factors but are
strongly correlated with productivity.
• Dynamism, measured by a simple average of
measures on employment growth and the
presence of fast-growing new firms (gazelles).
This measure aims to capture whether an
Eco-Construction cluster continues to benefit
from strong cluster effects in its development or
not. The cluster may be hindered in its growth
because it has already reached a level where
costs or other factors, such as industry-specific
growth trends4, are greater than the benefits.
The notion of regions is applied in this report by
using data for specific administrative regions,
generally at the so-called NUTS 2 level. For this
report, 232 European regions have been regarded,5
each with its own profile and economic perfor-
mance. These regions are used as a pragmatic
choice because they are likely to encompass the
“economically relevant” regions; there is data avail-
able, and in most cases there is some level of
government that can take action for this specific
region.
2) European Commission (2016), European Cluster Panorama
3) Employment is usually the only variable available on plant level, the rest are for the firm as a whole.
4) European Commission (2016), European Cluster Panorama
5) The analysis covers all EU-28 countries (comprising 276 NUTS-2 regions) as well as Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Iceland, FYROM, Kosovo (regarding the political status of which no claims are implied), Montenegro, Norway, Serbia, and
Switzerland, by applying the NUTS (Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics) standard for the subdivisions of coun-
tries for statistical purposes.
6. Cluster Mapping Synthesis Report/Eco-Construction 6
Project co-funded by European Union funds (ERDF, IPA)
Methodology to Define the Composition of the
Eco-Construction Sector
The operationalisation of the Eco-Construction
sector was developed within the DanuBioValNet
project by an active involvement of the partners
and cluster managers. This became necessary
since the composition of this sector was unknown
before. In a first step, the characteristic Value Chain
for the Eco-Construction sector was been jointly
developed with the partners (Figure 1). The first
node can be “cultivation” in case the raw materials
can be cultivated. Or, the node can be defined
by “collected”, in case the raw material has to be
collected in the wild. However, all the following
nodes of the Value Chain remain the same.
In a next step, all partners and related cluster
managers did a detailed mapping of their
Eco-Construction cluster initiatives and clusters
in their region according to the pre-defined Value
Chain6
. For this purpose the members of the identi-
fied cluster initiatives and clusters were grouped by
project partners and cluster managers according
to the specific nodes of the Eco-Construction
Value Chain they operate in. In those cases, where
no cluster initiatives existed, key cluster actors
were identified and grouped.
In a third step, the specific NACE industry classi-
fications7
for all members or cluster actors were
identified as part of the cluster mapping exer-
cises, that allowed to produce a reliable picture
Eco-Construction. The Eco-Construction industry
composition illustrated in Figure 2 is based on the
intensive work of the project partners and related
cluster managers and is based on more than 350
companies and their related NACE classifications
identified. The size of the different boxes (NACE
classifications) is proportional to number of enter-
prises. As Figure 2 illustrates the biggest share
of enterprises (about 21 %) operate in the sector
“Sawmilling and planning of wood” (NACE Code
C16.10).
Wood Round Logs Sawn Wood Saw Mill Apply wood
preserva�ves
Surface
finish
Montage
Figure 1: Value Chain for Eco-Construction (source: DanuBioValNet)
6) Further details of the individucal cluster mapping exercises are given in the regional cluster mapping fact sheets avail-
able on the DabuBioValNet website (interreg-danube.eu/danubiovalnet)
7) according to NACE Rev. 2 2008; Eurostat – Methodologies and Working Papers (2008), ISSN 1977-0375
Figure 2: Eco-Construction industry composition based on NACE industry classification 2008
(source: DanuBioValNet)
7. Cluster Mapping Synthesis Report/Eco-Construction 7
Project co-funded by European Union funds (ERDF, IPA)
Danube Region Europe
Level in 2014
Change since
2008
Level in 2014
Change since
2008
Employment 1,274,234 -19.0 % 4,829,730 -11.3 %
Establishments 362,199 17.5 % 1,501,420 7.1 %
Average Wage (EUR) 19,182 -3.7 % 29,829 -4.5 %
Gazelle Employment11
29,351 -0.3 % 78,890 -1.6 %
Region No Star 1 Star 2 Stars 3 Stars 4 Stars
Danube 30 (47.6 %) 14 (22.2 %) 12 (19.0 %) 7 (11.1 %) 0
Rest of Europe 135 (58.2 %) 49 (21.1 %) 26 (11.2 %) 18 (7.8 %) 4 (1.7 %)
Table 1: Basic facts of Eco-Construction industry in the Danube Region compared to Europe
Table 2: Comparison of Cluster Stars between the Danube Region and Europe (Eco-Construction sector)
Figure 3 profiles all European regions according to
the Cluster Stars in the Eco-Construction industry.
Most strong regions are located in the north and
east of Europe with high concentrations in Finland,
Sweden and the Baltic Region as well as in Poland,
Bulgaria and Romania. Also, there are some
above-average regions in Spain and Portugal. The
strongest ones, holding the maximum of 4 Stars,
are located in Finland and Latvia. According to
Figure 3, especially Finland can be determined
as a major player in terms of Eco-Construction
industries.
8) 63 Member Regions with data; no data available for Ukraine (4 NUTS-2-Regions) and Moldavia (1 NUTS-2-Region)
9) Meier zu Köcker, Gerd; Sedlmayr, Benedikt and Neugebauer, Kim (2017): Cluster Mapping Synthesis Report on BioBased
Packaging, http://www.interreg-danube.eu/approved-projects/danubiovalnet/outputs
10) Meier zu Köcker, Gerd and Dermastia, Mateja (2017): Cluster Mapping Synthesis Report on the Phytopharmaceutical
Sector, http://www.interreg-danube.eu/approved-projects/danubiovalnet/outputs
11) No data available for 12 of 295 European regions
oVERVIEW
The Eco-Construction industry in the Danube
Region8
employs more than 1.2 million work-
forces and provides 26% of all related jobs in
Europe. Furthermore, almost a quarter of all firms
operating in this sector are based in the Danube
Region (24%). More than 29,000 new jobs have
been created by young, high growing companies
(by so called Gazelles). Higher dynamics in terms of
increased number of firms compared to all Europe
can be found, whereas growth in terms of employ-
ment and productivity was lower (Table 1). The
basic facts for the Eco-construction sector did not
develop as good other sub-sectors of Bio-based
Packaging9
, like e. g. the Phytopharmaceutical
sector10
.
Some of the Danube Regions contain strong clus-
ters, since 19 of these regions have at least two or
more Cluster Stars (30 % of all Danube Regions).
28 % of all European regions with two or more
Cluster Stars are located in the Danube Region.
8. Cluster Mapping Synthesis Report/Eco-Construction 8
Project co-funded by European Union funds (ERDF, IPA)
Figure 4 illustrates the employment pattern in the
Eco-Construction Sector in Europe. This pattern
shows several regions all over Europe employing
more than 50,000 workforces. The five regions
Lithuania, Andalusia, Mazowieckie, Norte and
Slaskie together employ 8.4 % of all European
workforces in the Eco-Construction sector. Four
Danube Regions belong to the top 15 regions,
including Bosnia and Herzegovina as well as
Central, North-West and North-East Region (all
Romania) (s. Table 3).
employment
Figure 4: Leading European regions in Eco-Construction (Full Time Equivalents, 2014)
Figure 3. European top regions in Eco-Construction (Cluster Stars, 2014)
9. Cluster Mapping Synthesis Report/Eco-Construction 9
Project co-funded by European Union funds (ERDF, IPA)
The pattern, depicted in Figure 5, shows that the
number of enterprises in the Eco-Construction
sector is especially high in countries like the
Czech Republic, Finland, France, Latvia, Lithuania,
Serbia and Spain. The Czech Republic, part of
the Danube Region, is home to nearly 9 % of
all Eco-Construction enterprises in Europe and
accounts for a share of 37 % of all respective firms
operating in the Danube Region.
Enterprises
Figure 5: Leading European regions in Eco-Construction (Enterprises, 2014)
NUTS Region Employment (FTE) NUTS Region Employment (FTE)
LT00 Lietuva 91,857 FR10 Île de France 65,124
ES61 Andalucía 86,764 PL21 Malopolskie 61,272
PL12 Mazowieckie 80,534 LV00 Latvija 60,917
PT11 Norte 73,683 RS11/12/21/22 Serbia 60,494 12
PL22 Slaskie 73,359 IE02 Southern and
Eastern
59,164
RO21 Nord-Est 70,946 RO12 Centru 58,621
BA00 Bosnia and
Herzegovina
69,264 PL41 Wielkopolskie 56,461
ES51 Cataluña 67,019
Table 3: Top 15 European regions with highest number of employment in the Eco-Construction sector
(Full Time Equivalents, 2014)
12) Due to statistical reasons, all four regions of Serbia are grouped together
10. Cluster Mapping Synthesis Report/Eco-Construction 10
Project co-funded by European Union funds (ERDF, IPA)
Firm-level data has been used to also identify
so-called “Gazelles”13
. Due to the novelty of this
data source and differences in coverage across
countries, the results have to be interpreted with
caution. In particular, it seems likely that country-
specific rules and regulations, for example on
taxation, have an important influence on the pres-
ence of new business formation that is not directly
linked to the overall dynamism of the economy.
However, the reader might consider these data to
be interesting14
.
When taking a closer look at the European
map (s. Figure 6), three most dynamic Macro
regions related to young high growth enterprises
(Gazelles) can be found; Namely South-West
Europe (South-west France, Portugal and Spain)
and the Baltic Sea Region as well as the Danube
Region. The latter one hosts more than 1250
Gazelles (26.670 Gazelles employment), whereas
South-West-Europe counts 1030 Gazelles (17.800
Gazelles employment) and the Baltic Sea Region
comprises around 850 Gazelles (13.800 Gazelles
employment).
Figure 6: Leading European regions in Eco-Construction (Gazelles, 2014)15
13) Here, Gazelles are defined as companies that are less than 5 years old have grown their employment at least 10 % annu-
ally over a period of three years
14) European Commission, European Cluster Panorama 2016
15) No data for Gazelles available for Albania, Slovenia, Kosovo as well as for some Italian regions (Calabira, Liguria,
Lombardia, Piemonte)
Table 4 illustrates the top European regions in
terms of the corresponding number of operating
enterprises in Eco-Construction industries. Only
three regions from Danube Region (all from the
Czech Republic) can be identified among the top
15 regions.
NUTS Region Enterprises NUTS Region Enterprises
ES51 Cataluña 32,770 SE11 Stockholm 22,739
FR10 Île de France 32,247 CZ05 Severovychod 20,476
ES61 Andalucía 26,965 ES52 Valencia 20,186
SE23 Västsverige 26,407 SE33 Övre Norrland 19,261
SE31 Norra
Mellansverige
26,120 NL33 Zuid-Holland 19,077
SE21 Småland med
öarna
24,444 SE12 Östra
Mellansverige
18,716
ES30 Madrid 23,927 CZ02 Stredni Cechy 18,641
CZ06 Jihovychod 23,122
Table 4: Top 15 European regions according to number of enterprises in Eco-Construction
(Enterprises, 2014)
11. Cluster Mapping Synthesis Report/Eco-Construction 11
Project co-funded by European Union funds (ERDF, IPA)
NUTS Region Enterprises NUTS Region Enterprises
LT00 Lietuva 181 FR10 Île de France 71
ES61 Andalucía 136 SE11 Stockholm 70
LV00 Latvija 136 ES51 Cataluña 68
RO21 Nord-Est 129 RO32 Bucuresti - Ilfov 67
PT11 Norte 110 RO11 Nord-Vest 66
RO31 Sud - Muntenia 85 ES30 Madrid 65
RO12 Centru 73 HU10 Kozep-
Magyarorszag
64
RS11/12/21/22 Serbia 7316
Table 5: Top 15 European regions with highest number of enterprises operating in the
Eco-Construction sector (Gazelles, 2014)
Especially strong individual regions can be iden-
tified in the three Baltic States, France, Hungary,
Portugal, Serbia, Sweden, Spain and Romania.
Gazelles in Latvia and Lithuania both employ
the largest quantity of workers (more than 3.000
each). Regions like Andalusia or Lithuania are,
again, listed in the top 5 regions (Table 5).
Notably, five out of seven Danube Regions that
are among the top 15 are located in Romania.
Thus, the overall number of Romanian Gazelles
accounts for a share of 41.4 % of all Gazelles from
the Eco-Construction sector in the Danube Region.
16) Due to statistical reasons, all four regions of Serbia are grouped together
12. Cluster Mapping Synthesis Report/Eco-Construction 12
Project co-funded by European Union funds (ERDF, IPA)
NUTS Region Enterprises NUTS Region Enterprises
FI20 Åland 3.72 ITF2 Molise 2.84
FI1D Northern and
Eastern Finland
3.71 NO02 Hedmark og
Oppland
2.82
RO21 Nord-Est 3.19 PL62 Warminsko-
Mazurskie
2.80
ES63 Ceuta 3.02 RO12 Centru 2.75
PT20 Açores 2.91 ES43 Extremadura 2.64
LT00 Lietuva 2.89 EE00 Eesti 2.60
BA00 Bosnia and
Herzegovina
2.87 FI19 Western Finland 2.59
ES42 Castilla-La
Mancha
2.86
Table 6: Top European regions with highest level of Specialisation in the Eco-Construction sector
(Location Quotient, 2014)
The top 15 European regions in terms of specialisa-
tion are mainly located in the three Baltic States,
Bosnia and Herzegovina, Finland, Italy, Northern
Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, and Spain
(Table 6). The latter one is the only Swiss region
that ranks among any top 15 list given in this report.
Measuring regional specialisation of the
Eco-Construction industry can provide interesting
insights to what extent a region is stronger than
would be expected in this sector given its overall
size, compared to the average employment size
in the Eco-Construction sector across all regions.
Regional Specialisation can be measured by the
Location Quotient (LQ). Figure 7 shows to what
extent European regions are specialised in the
Eco-Construction industry. Again, Spain, the Baltic
Sea Region as well as the Danube Region reveal
a remarkable concentration of highly special-
ised regions with LQ values above 1,5. 48 out of
63 Danube Regions reveal LQ values over 117
, with
Serbia, Romania and Bosnia-Herzegovina holding
the leading positions within Danube Region.
regional specialisation
Figure 7: Leading European regions in Eco-construction industry (Specialisation, 2014)
17) Value higher than 1.0 mean a given region is higher specialized than the European average
13. Cluster Mapping Synthesis Report/Eco-Construction 13
Project co-funded by European Union funds (ERDF, IPA)
The Eco-construction sector in the Danube Region
employs more than 1.2 million workers. The findings
of the previous chapters illustrate that this region
belongs, besides the Baltic and the South-western
European region (South-west France, Portugal and
Spain), to the front-runners in the Eco-construction
sector. Especially regions in Romania and Serbia,
but also in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Bulgaria,
show strong economic data in different categories.
More than 1250 high growth enterprises (Gazelles)
are located in the Danube Region.
Table 7 (s. Appendix) provides more informa-
tion about the strongest regions in this sector.
There are many cluster initiatives in the field of
Eco-Construction, many of them well established
and have a good critical mass. In Appendix II the
most relevant cluster initiatives are listed.
The DanuBioValNet project is aiming at estab-
lishing bio-based industry networks across the
Danube Region. The emerging transnational coop-
eration of clusters will foster bioeconomy and eco-
innovations and lead to a strengthening of the
regional economies.
Consequently, with this project the partners
pursue a strong strategic orientation beyond the
immediate and medium-term economic objective
of strengthening the regional economy. It is the
strategic goal to establish cross-border strategic
partnerships, particularly in developing regions,
with the help of powerful cluster organisations. In
this way, project results will be sustained beyond
an immediate effect and the creation of stra-
tegic investments, especially in emerging indus-
tries such as the bio industry, will be enabled and
facilitated. This will be achieved mainly by newly
emerging or transforming value-added chains,
which are increasingly being transnationally
established and further developed as a result of
the increasing internationalisation of value-added
processes.
In this way, long-term economic effects are
achieved, based on a network of agile clusters,
which prepare the investment approaches in a
targeted manner and implement them with high
efficiency. One example of the present project is
the establishment of bio-refineries in the regions,
which can form a strategic technological back-
bone of a successful independent bio-industry.
The partners intend to develop and implement
a long-term, industry-driven roadmap for such
collaboration along the entire value chain based
on cluster partnerships for these processes. With
the project, a pilot function of the implementa-
tion is taken over and the prerequisite for creating
a blueprint for similar and similar cross-national
cooperation, also in other industries, is created.
For achieving these tasks, 17 project partners from
10 countries have joined forces. The project will
pave the way from an economy based on fossil
resources towards an economy using renewable
resources. The striving of the partners to minimise
greenhouse gases and resource-saving as well as
resource-efficient utilisation of available biomass
will result in synergistic effects. These effects will
improve the sustainability, regional development
through diversification of the local economy and
will also positively affect the workforce. The devel-
opment of new bio-based value chains from
primary production to consumer markets needs to
be done by connecting enterprises from different
regions and industries. But due to a missing
holistic transnational approach, Danube actors
in bio-based industry still operate disconnected
and cannot properly benefit from the potential.
Therefore, the aim of this project is to develop new
methods, strategies and tools to connect enter-
prises transnationally.
Clusters as the strong representatives of a group
of industries that are closely linked by common
products, markets, technologies and interests are
chosen to organise and bear the industry coop-
eration and creation of new value chains, because
they are performant and sustainable partners and
guarantee the upgradeability in the dimension
industry, sciences and also politics.
One of the planned outputs of this project will be
the development of a Joint Bio-based Industry
Cluster Policy Strategy (JBCS) to describe the
procedure and to make it actionable and reusable.
Furthermore, a bundle of new methods and tools
to support clusters for transnational working will
be developed and joint into a strategy. They will be
tested in three pilot actions where it is planned to
create new bio-based value chains in the Danube
Region.
The main target groups are on the one hand the
policy – four Ministries are involved –, on the other
hand clusters and their SMEs – nine cluster organi-
sations are involved. The policy level will benefit
from the JBCS, which can be used as a political
framework.
The clusters and SMEs will benefit from the new
innovative tools and methods developed for trans-
national cross-clustering. Successfully established
new bio-based value chains in the pilot actions
summary
The DanuBioValNet Project
14. Cluster Mapping Synthesis Report/Eco-Construction 14
Project co-funded by European Union funds (ERDF, IPA)
can motivate other clusters and SMEs to test this
newly developed approach in the future.
The following partners commit to the implemen-
tation of the cluster partnership and transnational
cooperation:
Role Official Name in English Acronym Country
LP BIOPRO Baden-Württemberg GmbH BIOPRO Germany
ERDF PP1 ClusterAgentur Baden-Württemberg CA BW Germany
ERDF PP2 Anteja ECG ANT Slovenia
ERDF PP3 PROUNION PU Slovakia
ERDF PP4 Romanian Cluster Association CLUSTERO Romania
ERDF PP5 Association of Business Clusters ABC Bulgaria
ERDF PP6 National Cluster Association – CZ NCA Czech Republic
ERDF PP7 Business Upper Austria – OÖ Wirtschaftsagentur GmbH
– Upper Austrian Food Cluster UAFC Austria
ERDF PP8 Ministry of Economy ME Romania
ERDF PP9 Ministry of Economy, Entrepreneurship and Crafts MEC Croatia
ERDF PP10 Ministry of Education, Science and Sport MIZS Slovenia
ERDF PP11 Croatian Wood Cluster CWC Croatia
ERDF PP12 Institute for Economic Forecasting IPE Romania
ERDF PP13 Business Upper Austria – OÖ Wirtschaftsagentur GmbH
– Cleantech-Cluster BizUp Austria
IPA PP1 Innovation Center of Faculty of Mechanical Engineering ICME Serbia
ASP1 Montenegro Vine Cluster MVC Montenegro
ASP2 Ministry of Economic Affairs, Labour and Housing
Baden-Württemberg
WM Germany
LP = Lead Partner, PP = Project Partner, IPA = Instrument for Pre-Accession, ASP = Associated Strategic Partner,
ERDF = European Regional Development Fund
17. Project co-funded by European Union funds (ERDF, IPA)
17
APPENDIX II
Selected cluster initiatives in the Eco-Construction Sector
Name Country
Number of cluster
actors
Established
Furniture Wood Cluster Upper Austria Austria 245 2000
Wood Cluster Steiermark Austria 150 2001
Wood Cluster Salzburg/Pro Holz Salzburg Austria N. A. 2004
The Wood Cluster Slavonian Oak Croatia 31 2010
Croatian Competitiveness Cluster for Wood
Processing Croatia 78 2013
Croatian Wood Cluster Croatia 77 2013
Wood Chain Black Forest Germany 200
Wood Industry Cluster Slovenia Slovenia 100 1999
SRIP Smart Building Slovenia n. a. 2017
Moravian Wood Cluster Czech Republic 12 2010
National Wood Cluster Czech Republic 22 2005
Czech Furniture Manufacturers Czech Republic 29 2006
PRO WOOD Romania 46 2010
Construct Cluster Oltenia Romania 36 2013
Constructors Guild Iasi Romania 26 2013
Timber Cluster Serbia 19 2010
Hemp Cluster Slovakia 32 2015
The Cluster Mapping Synthesis Report was prepared by:
Dr. Gerd Meier zu Köcker (ClusterAgentur Baden-Württemberg)
Benedikt Sedlmayr (VDI/VDE-IT)
ClusterAgentur Baden-Württemberg
im Haus der Wirtschaft
Willi-Bleicher-Straße 19
70174 Stuttgart, Germany
www.clusterportal-bw.de
www.vdivde-it.de
www.interreg-danube.
eu/approved-projects/
danubiovalnet