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This document discusses tolerance for ambiguity and its effect on communication. It defines ambiguity as permitting more than one interpretation, as opposed to vagueness. Some personality types see ambiguity as an opportunity, while others view it as a threat. The document also describes four modes of leadership based on differing degrees of ambiguity tolerance as defined by Wilkinson's Ambiguity Advantage model. Finally, it concludes that the best communication approach depends on the situation, and knowing one's own tolerance for ambiguity can help with effective communication.
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Introto com
This document provides an introduction to a course on interpersonal communication taught by Steve Ott at Kalamazoo Valley Community College. It discusses key concepts like the intentional and unintentional nature of communication, how meanings are derived relationally rather than from words alone, and how communication is used to define and negotiate relationships. It also briefly outlines models of the communication process, types of relational messages, and characteristics of competent communicators.
Barriers to communication
This document discusses barriers to communication such as semantic, organizational, interpersonal, individual, cross-cultural, technological, and physical barriers. It also provides recommendations for overcoming these barriers, which include fostering good relationships, being purposeful and focused, providing feedback, using clear and accurate language, having flat organizational structures and communication policies, properly dividing labor, and reducing semantic problems.
Barriers in Communication process
The document discusses barriers to effective communication and essentials for overcoming them. It identifies common barrier types like cultural, organizational, psychological, language, physiological, and physical barriers. These can include issues with semantics, stereotypes, attention, perception, emotions, language differences, disabilities, distance, and noise. The document also outlines 7 C's and techniques for effective communication, such as listening, eye contact, clarity, interest, awareness, posture, questioning skills, and eliminating noise. The overall objectives of addressing communication barriers are given as quicker problem solving, steady workflow, better decision making, professional image, and success.
Introduction for students
The document discusses communication and interpersonal skills. It explores an individual's strengths and weaknesses in communication as well as their communication style type. It emphasizes understanding different styles and how to improve communication with others who have differing styles. Maslow's hierarchy of needs is presented showing how communication helps satisfy physical, social, identity, and practical needs. Employers rank interpersonal skills as highly important. Principles of communication are outlined along with misconceptions. Competent communication involves achieving goals while preserving relationships and can be learned through increasing awareness, overcoming awkwardness, gaining skillfulness, and integrating skills.
COM310-Week 2 Lecture Slides
This document summarizes several theories of cognition, intrapersonal communication, and interpersonal communication. It discusses theories related to message design logics, communication accommodation, uncertainty reduction, expectancy violations, politeness theory, social exchange theory, the dialectical perspective, and communication privacy management. For each theory, it provides an overview of the key premises, assumptions, concepts, and predictions put forth by the theorists. The document is comprehensive in covering several important theories within the fields of cognition, intrapersonal communication, and interpersonal communication.
Barriers to communication
This document outlines several barriers to effective communication, including semantic barriers due to ambiguous language, organizational barriers from rigid structures and status relationships, and interpersonal barriers stemming from differences between communicators. It also discusses individual barriers like inattention and defensiveness, as well as cross-cultural barriers from differences in language, values, and nonverbal expression between groups. Some suggestions are provided for overcoming these barriers, such as fostering good relationships, using clear and focused language, and planning messages carefully.
Tolerance & intolerance
This document discusses the topics of tolerance and intolerance. It provides several examples of historical events where intolerance was shown, such as the Holocaust, Jim Crow laws, and various genocides. It emphasizes that learning about other cultures can help reduce prejudices, but people must also be willing to disagree respectfully. The document warns that a failure to learn from history risks repeating past mistakes, and encourages people not to remain neutral during times of moral crisis or oppression.
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Introto com
This document provides an introduction to a course on interpersonal communication taught by Steve Ott at Kalamazoo Valley Community College. It discusses key concepts like the intentional and unintentional nature of communication, how meanings are derived relationally rather than from words alone, and how communication is used to define and negotiate relationships. It also briefly outlines models of the communication process, types of relational messages, and characteristics of competent communicators.
Barriers to communication
This document discusses barriers to communication such as semantic, organizational, interpersonal, individual, cross-cultural, technological, and physical barriers. It also provides recommendations for overcoming these barriers, which include fostering good relationships, being purposeful and focused, providing feedback, using clear and accurate language, having flat organizational structures and communication policies, properly dividing labor, and reducing semantic problems.
Barriers in Communication process
The document discusses barriers to effective communication and essentials for overcoming them. It identifies common barrier types like cultural, organizational, psychological, language, physiological, and physical barriers. These can include issues with semantics, stereotypes, attention, perception, emotions, language differences, disabilities, distance, and noise. The document also outlines 7 C's and techniques for effective communication, such as listening, eye contact, clarity, interest, awareness, posture, questioning skills, and eliminating noise. The overall objectives of addressing communication barriers are given as quicker problem solving, steady workflow, better decision making, professional image, and success.
Introduction for students
The document discusses communication and interpersonal skills. It explores an individual's strengths and weaknesses in communication as well as their communication style type. It emphasizes understanding different styles and how to improve communication with others who have differing styles. Maslow's hierarchy of needs is presented showing how communication helps satisfy physical, social, identity, and practical needs. Employers rank interpersonal skills as highly important. Principles of communication are outlined along with misconceptions. Competent communication involves achieving goals while preserving relationships and can be learned through increasing awareness, overcoming awkwardness, gaining skillfulness, and integrating skills.
COM310-Week 2 Lecture Slides
This document summarizes several theories of cognition, intrapersonal communication, and interpersonal communication. It discusses theories related to message design logics, communication accommodation, uncertainty reduction, expectancy violations, politeness theory, social exchange theory, the dialectical perspective, and communication privacy management. For each theory, it provides an overview of the key premises, assumptions, concepts, and predictions put forth by the theorists. The document is comprehensive in covering several important theories within the fields of cognition, intrapersonal communication, and interpersonal communication.
Barriers to communication
This document outlines several barriers to effective communication, including semantic barriers due to ambiguous language, organizational barriers from rigid structures and status relationships, and interpersonal barriers stemming from differences between communicators. It also discusses individual barriers like inattention and defensiveness, as well as cross-cultural barriers from differences in language, values, and nonverbal expression between groups. Some suggestions are provided for overcoming these barriers, such as fostering good relationships, using clear and focused language, and planning messages carefully.
Tolerance & intolerance
This document discusses the topics of tolerance and intolerance. It provides several examples of historical events where intolerance was shown, such as the Holocaust, Jim Crow laws, and various genocides. It emphasizes that learning about other cultures can help reduce prejudices, but people must also be willing to disagree respectfully. The document warns that a failure to learn from history risks repeating past mistakes, and encourages people not to remain neutral during times of moral crisis or oppression.
Developing Confidence Coping with Insecurities about Inte.docx
Developing Confidence:
Coping with Insecurities about
Interpersonal Communication
Learning Objectives
In this chapter, readers will explore the fear and anxiety that some communicators experience
during communication situations. By the end of this chapter, readers will be able to
• Define the concept of communication apprehension and identify the various types of com-
munication apprehension
• Explain how communication apprehension is related to a number of personality factors
and interpersonal consequences
• Describe both broad and specific interpersonal effects of communication apprehension
• Use strategies to reduce communication apprehension in interpersonal interactions
5
Sigrid Olsson/The Image Bank/Getty Images
Communication Apprehension Chapter 5
Introduction
Michael, a 25-year-old man, has a great deal of trouble communicating in certain situations.
When he is talking with his friends, his family members, and his girlfriend Jane, he is perfectly
comfortable: He seeks out interactions with those he is close to and fully engages in and partici-
pates in conversations with them. But he quickly becomes overwhelmed when he is in situations
where he is meeting new people or participating in a group situation with those he does not know
very well, which happens frequently for him at school and at his job as a marketing assistant. He
gets nervous; he starts to sweat, and his hands become clammy, which makes him even more
uncomfortable with introductory handshakes; he avoids talking unless he absolutely has to, and
he stumbles over his words and sounds unsure and tentative when he does have to speak. Overall,
he is generally not himself in such situations. As a result he routinely avoids certain communica-
tion situations because he does not want to experience such discomfort.
Michael’s trouble communicating in these new interactions has been detrimental to him: He
has had job interviews where he did not get hired because of his difficulty communicating con-
fidently, he has not impressed his classmates or coworkers because he shuts down in group situ-
ations, and he is too afraid to ask his boss for a raise or to speak with his professor about a grade
that he thinks is incorrect. Michael doesn’t think that he is shy, because once he gets to know
people, he is very eager to interact with them and does so competently. In fact, what Michael has
is communication apprehension, and as we will see in this chapter, this is a common communica-
tion challenge that can make you a less confident or competent communicator.
Like Michael, you likely experience some insecurity in at least one aspect of your communication
with others. Maybe you get nervous when speaking with someone who has a great deal of power
and influence, experience apprehension when talking with your romantic partner about a diffi-
cult issue, or get jitters while speaking in public or performing on stage. A major goal of this text
is to help you und.
Running head Discussion Work Forum Week FiveFore 2.docx
Running head: Discussion Work Forum Week Five Fore 2
Organizational Behavior
Melanie Fore
University of the Cumberlands
Introduction
Communication is a key to being a leader. These two chapters are connected in that way. Everyone in an organization needs to be comfortable with communicating to customers and each other. Leaders should have communication skills and that should show.
Chapter Eleven
Communication isn’t just about talking to someone, it is about listening as well. Chapter eleven goes further into detail about communicating. There are five functions of communicating. Managing behavior would be leaders creating a company policy and employees complying with it. Feedback would be letting your employees know how well they did and what they can do to improve their performance. Sometimes when communicating people like to use emotional sharing so that employees can show their satisfaction and frustration. Persuasion is often used in communication, and like emotional sharing it can be good or bad. Sometimes managers try to persuade you to do the right thing, and sometimes they try to persuade you to break the rules. And finally, information exchange is used in communication. Knowing all the information helps you to make decisions. The communication process includes eight key parts: the sender, encoding, the message, the channel, decoding, the receiver, noise, and feedback. Directions of communication can go downward, upward, lateral, in formal small-group networks, or through the grapevine. Downward communication is communication flowing from one level to a lower level. Upward communication is the opposite, from the lower level to the upper level. Lateral communication is communication from those who are in similar positions or the same level in the workplace. Formal small-group networks can be a chain, wheel, or all channel. Exhibit 11-2 helps with understanding these terms. And the grapevine is what you would think because of the “I heard it through the grapevine.” This means just everyone talking within the organization. Some information you hear may not be true and some may. Communication can be oral, written, or nonverbal. Several barriers exist when trying to communicate. Some common ones are filtering, information overload, language, silence, and many more.
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Traits can help predict leadership. Our authors discussed a couple theories about the traits leaders should have. The big five traits cover some. One is extraversion. Being sociable and easy to talk to is very important in a leader. Conscientious is also a good trait to have. You want to be someone who sticks to their word. Being flexible is also significant. Another theory is that emotional intelligence indicates effective leadership. Everyone looks up to people who can understand and share the feelings of others. While, trait theories predict leadership, behavioral theories explain it. Initiating structure is one behavioral theory. Someone who initi ...
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Puzzle background
This wil give you the overview of what the Puzzle DISC includes. Wnat to know more? Please contact me at info.eu@ensize.com/regards Anders
Puzzle DISC participant mtrl English
This English material is available trough Ensize International. Sign up for a EDOC, and you will be able to explore the possibilities of having unlimited access to various internet based assessments. visit www.ensize.com and send your request.
Elective cource que ans
The document provides guidelines on business etiquette and manners. It emphasizes the importance of arriving on time, dressing appropriately, speaking kindly to coworkers, avoiding gossip, showing interest when interacting with others, maintaining proper body language like a firm handshake, introducing yourself and others, and not interrupting when someone is speaking. The overall message is that demonstrating respect, consideration, and good communication skills through business etiquette can help build strong professional relationships.
Running Head LETTER OF ADVICE FOR MY COWORKERS1LETTER OF ADV.docx
Running Head: LETTER OF ADVICE FOR MY COWORKERS 1
LETTER OF ADVICE FOR MY COWORKERS 8
Letter of Advice for My Coworkers- Outline
Ricardo Alvarado
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Kyle Ferguson
July 6, 2016
I. Introduction and Thesis Statement
I am writing this letter to emphasize the importance of interpersonal communication in the workplace. Effective communication at the workplace has many benefits among them employee morale, team building, and workplace diversity which all help increase productivity at the workplace.
II. Body
1) Principles and barriers to effective interpersonal communications.
A. Topic Sentence
The achievement of effective interpersonal communication is usually through the conscious awareness of four principles: It is inescapable; It is irreversible; It is complicated, and It is contextual.
B. Supporting Evidence
King explains that the principles underlie the mechanisms of real life interpersonal communication and such we cannot just ignore them. The four principles are basic to communication (King, 2000).
C. Explanation
We cannot escape from communicating. Communicating is not restricted to verbal communication, we communicate significantly through our body language. It is also important to keep in mind that once you have communicated, either verbally or non- verbally, it is irreversible. Different words have different meanings by different people in different circumstances, further illustrating the complicated nature of interpersonal communication. Communication also does not happen in isolation according to the contextual principle. The contexts referred to, in this case, are psychological, relational, situational, environmental, and cultural.
D. Why Does This Matter?
It is important to have knowledge of these principles since all barriers to interpersonal communication relate to one of the principles. With the know-how, you can easily handle tricky situations as regards interpersonal communication.
2) Analysis of the role of communication in developing and maintaining one’s self- concept, self- image, and self- esteem.
A. Topic Sentence
Self- concept, self- esteem, and self- image affect an individual’s ability to be sensitive to others, their interpretation of messages, their social needs, and their typical communication style.
B. Supporting Evidence
The way we communicate with others is of major importance since we let people know who we are, what our values are, what we believe in, and how we feel. The communication process influences our own behavior and self-concept. It also influences the behavior and self- concept of others too (South Eastern CASA, 2015).
C. Explanation
Becoming other- oriented is the first step in developing quality interpersonal relationships with others especially at the workplace. It is all about being sensitive to the thoughts and feelings of others in the workplace.
D. Why Does This Matter?
With everyone feeling good about themselves at the workplace, prod ...
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Developing Confidence Coping with Insecurities about Inte.docx
Developing Confidence:
Coping with Insecurities about
Interpersonal Communication
Learning Objectives
In this chapter, readers will explore the fear and anxiety that some communicators experience
during communication situations. By the end of this chapter, readers will be able to
• Define the concept of communication apprehension and identify the various types of com-
munication apprehension
• Explain how communication apprehension is related to a number of personality factors
and interpersonal consequences
• Describe both broad and specific interpersonal effects of communication apprehension
• Use strategies to reduce communication apprehension in interpersonal interactions
5
Sigrid Olsson/The Image Bank/Getty Images
Communication Apprehension Chapter 5
Introduction
Michael, a 25-year-old man, has a great deal of trouble communicating in certain situations.
When he is talking with his friends, his family members, and his girlfriend Jane, he is perfectly
comfortable: He seeks out interactions with those he is close to and fully engages in and partici-
pates in conversations with them. But he quickly becomes overwhelmed when he is in situations
where he is meeting new people or participating in a group situation with those he does not know
very well, which happens frequently for him at school and at his job as a marketing assistant. He
gets nervous; he starts to sweat, and his hands become clammy, which makes him even more
uncomfortable with introductory handshakes; he avoids talking unless he absolutely has to, and
he stumbles over his words and sounds unsure and tentative when he does have to speak. Overall,
he is generally not himself in such situations. As a result he routinely avoids certain communica-
tion situations because he does not want to experience such discomfort.
Michael’s trouble communicating in these new interactions has been detrimental to him: He
has had job interviews where he did not get hired because of his difficulty communicating con-
fidently, he has not impressed his classmates or coworkers because he shuts down in group situ-
ations, and he is too afraid to ask his boss for a raise or to speak with his professor about a grade
that he thinks is incorrect. Michael doesn’t think that he is shy, because once he gets to know
people, he is very eager to interact with them and does so competently. In fact, what Michael has
is communication apprehension, and as we will see in this chapter, this is a common communica-
tion challenge that can make you a less confident or competent communicator.
Like Michael, you likely experience some insecurity in at least one aspect of your communication
with others. Maybe you get nervous when speaking with someone who has a great deal of power
and influence, experience apprehension when talking with your romantic partner about a diffi-
cult issue, or get jitters while speaking in public or performing on stage. A major goal of this text
is to help you und.
Running head Discussion Work Forum Week FiveFore 2.docx
Running head: Discussion Work Forum Week Five Fore 2
Organizational Behavior
Melanie Fore
University of the Cumberlands
Introduction
Communication is a key to being a leader. These two chapters are connected in that way. Everyone in an organization needs to be comfortable with communicating to customers and each other. Leaders should have communication skills and that should show.
Chapter Eleven
Communication isn’t just about talking to someone, it is about listening as well. Chapter eleven goes further into detail about communicating. There are five functions of communicating. Managing behavior would be leaders creating a company policy and employees complying with it. Feedback would be letting your employees know how well they did and what they can do to improve their performance. Sometimes when communicating people like to use emotional sharing so that employees can show their satisfaction and frustration. Persuasion is often used in communication, and like emotional sharing it can be good or bad. Sometimes managers try to persuade you to do the right thing, and sometimes they try to persuade you to break the rules. And finally, information exchange is used in communication. Knowing all the information helps you to make decisions. The communication process includes eight key parts: the sender, encoding, the message, the channel, decoding, the receiver, noise, and feedback. Directions of communication can go downward, upward, lateral, in formal small-group networks, or through the grapevine. Downward communication is communication flowing from one level to a lower level. Upward communication is the opposite, from the lower level to the upper level. Lateral communication is communication from those who are in similar positions or the same level in the workplace. Formal small-group networks can be a chain, wheel, or all channel. Exhibit 11-2 helps with understanding these terms. And the grapevine is what you would think because of the “I heard it through the grapevine.” This means just everyone talking within the organization. Some information you hear may not be true and some may. Communication can be oral, written, or nonverbal. Several barriers exist when trying to communicate. Some common ones are filtering, information overload, language, silence, and many more.
Chapter Twelve
Traits can help predict leadership. Our authors discussed a couple theories about the traits leaders should have. The big five traits cover some. One is extraversion. Being sociable and easy to talk to is very important in a leader. Conscientious is also a good trait to have. You want to be someone who sticks to their word. Being flexible is also significant. Another theory is that emotional intelligence indicates effective leadership. Everyone looks up to people who can understand and share the feelings of others. While, trait theories predict leadership, behavioral theories explain it. Initiating structure is one behavioral theory. Someone who initi ...
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Diplomacy involves building relationships and conducting negotiations through tact and mutual respect. Key skills for diplomats include analysis, awareness, communication, leadership, collaboration, composure, management, innovation, and advocacy. Diplomatic leadership is important for coping with challenges of globalization by enabling collaboration across cultures and building trust. Benefits include enhancing reputation, strengthening relationships, improving performance, and fostering cooperation. Being diplomatic requires setting a good example, choosing words wisely, recognizing body language, and avoiding emotional reactions.
Puzzle background
This wil give you the overview of what the Puzzle DISC includes. Wnat to know more? Please contact me at info.eu@ensize.com/regards Anders
Puzzle DISC participant mtrl English
This English material is available trough Ensize International. Sign up for a EDOC, and you will be able to explore the possibilities of having unlimited access to various internet based assessments. visit www.ensize.com and send your request.
Elective cource que ans
The document provides guidelines on business etiquette and manners. It emphasizes the importance of arriving on time, dressing appropriately, speaking kindly to coworkers, avoiding gossip, showing interest when interacting with others, maintaining proper body language like a firm handshake, introducing yourself and others, and not interrupting when someone is speaking. The overall message is that demonstrating respect, consideration, and good communication skills through business etiquette can help build strong professional relationships.
Running Head LETTER OF ADVICE FOR MY COWORKERS1LETTER OF ADV.docx
Running Head: LETTER OF ADVICE FOR MY COWORKERS 1
LETTER OF ADVICE FOR MY COWORKERS 8
Letter of Advice for My Coworkers- Outline
Ricardo Alvarado
COM200: Interpersonal Communication
Kyle Ferguson
July 6, 2016
I. Introduction and Thesis Statement
I am writing this letter to emphasize the importance of interpersonal communication in the workplace. Effective communication at the workplace has many benefits among them employee morale, team building, and workplace diversity which all help increase productivity at the workplace.
II. Body
1) Principles and barriers to effective interpersonal communications.
A. Topic Sentence
The achievement of effective interpersonal communication is usually through the conscious awareness of four principles: It is inescapable; It is irreversible; It is complicated, and It is contextual.
B. Supporting Evidence
King explains that the principles underlie the mechanisms of real life interpersonal communication and such we cannot just ignore them. The four principles are basic to communication (King, 2000).
C. Explanation
We cannot escape from communicating. Communicating is not restricted to verbal communication, we communicate significantly through our body language. It is also important to keep in mind that once you have communicated, either verbally or non- verbally, it is irreversible. Different words have different meanings by different people in different circumstances, further illustrating the complicated nature of interpersonal communication. Communication also does not happen in isolation according to the contextual principle. The contexts referred to, in this case, are psychological, relational, situational, environmental, and cultural.
D. Why Does This Matter?
It is important to have knowledge of these principles since all barriers to interpersonal communication relate to one of the principles. With the know-how, you can easily handle tricky situations as regards interpersonal communication.
2) Analysis of the role of communication in developing and maintaining one’s self- concept, self- image, and self- esteem.
A. Topic Sentence
Self- concept, self- esteem, and self- image affect an individual’s ability to be sensitive to others, their interpretation of messages, their social needs, and their typical communication style.
B. Supporting Evidence
The way we communicate with others is of major importance since we let people know who we are, what our values are, what we believe in, and how we feel. The communication process influences our own behavior and self-concept. It also influences the behavior and self- concept of others too (South Eastern CASA, 2015).
C. Explanation
Becoming other- oriented is the first step in developing quality interpersonal relationships with others especially at the workplace. It is all about being sensitive to the thoughts and feelings of others in the workplace.
D. Why Does This Matter?
With everyone feeling good about themselves at the workplace, prod ...
GC-Skills.pptx
This document outlines important skills for guidance counselors, including attitudinal skills, listening skills, verbal communication skills, and giving leads. It discusses attitudinal skills like respect, genuineness, unconditional positive regard, empathy, self-disclosure, and confrontation. It emphasizes the importance of listening skills and describes the content and emotional phases of verbal communication. It also identifies five levels of communication: cliches, facts, beliefs, emotions, and intimacy. Finally, it defines leads as statements counselors use and categories them into restatement of content, questioning, reflection of feeling, reassurance, and interpretation.
Effective interpersonal communication in organizations(unit 3)
Interpersonal communication is fundamental to success in organizations. It is used for tasks like interviewing, learning job duties, collaborating with colleagues, and managing others. Organizational communication differs from personal communication in that organizations are goal-oriented and require coordination among employees to accomplish shared objectives. Interpersonal communication can be understood through compositional, situational, and developmental frameworks and involves skills like active listening and adapting to different situations. How people communicate impacts their leadership and effectiveness.
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The presenter discusses implementing the Circle of Courage framework to build effective teams in school settings. The Circle of Courage focuses on belonging, mastery, independence, and generosity. The presenter provides examples of how administrators can support these concepts by fostering trust, avoiding isolation in decision making, supporting staff development and creativity, and accepting unpredictability. Questions from attendees are also discussed.
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Hackman, M. Z., & Johnson, C. E. (2013). Leadership: A communication perspective. Waveland Press.
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Final
- 1. Gary Agnew Excelsior College COMM120: FOUNDATIONS OF COMMUNICATION Dr. Teresa Williams
- 2. Usually in communications we strive for a clear, concise message. However, that may not always be the best way to communicate. This presentation will briefly examine the personality variable Tolerance for Ambiguity and its effect on communication.
- 3. Yes … that was an ambiguity joke.
- 4. The ability to express more than one interpretation Differs from vagueness in that specific and distinct interpretations are permitted Ambiguity is context dependant
- 5. The ability to perceive ambiguity in information and behavior in a neutral and open way Wilkinson’s Ambiguity Advantage defines types of leaders and their differing degrees of ambiguity tolerance
- 6. Mode One – Technical Leadership. These leaders usually deal with ambiguity by denial or creating their own certainty. They are also more dictatorial and are very risk averse by nature. Mode Two – Cooperative Leadership. The aim of mode two leaders is to disambiguate uncertainty and to build teams around them to mitigate risk. Mode Three – Collaborative Leadership. Mode three leaders have a tendency towards consensual methods of leadership. They prefer to work towards aligning team members values and getting agreement. Their approach to ambiguity is for the group to examine it. Mode Four – Generative Leadership. These leaders use ambiguity to find opportunity. They tend to be inveterate learners and innovators. (Wilkinson, D. 2006)
- 7. Some find ambiguity as an opportunity; others see it as a threat. Kajs, L.T. & McCollum, D.L. (2009)
- 8. Some professions like counseling encourage students to learn ambiguity tolerance “Ambiguity tolerance must be further developed in order for students to develop into counselors who are not only competent but also able to articulate how they arrived at their own unique approaches to counseling.” Levitt, D. & Jacques, J.D. (2005)
- 9. “Managers who wish to foster creativity should attempt to incubate moderate levels of role ambiguity by reducing extreme rigidity in job descriptions” Shuhong, W., Xiaomeng, Z., & Martocchio, J. (2011).
- 10. Sometimes tolerance for ambiguity is desirable – sometimes it isn’t. Let the situation dictate the method that is the best choice.
- 11. Higher tolerance for ambiguity can facilitate new ideas and creative thinking. It can be helpful when communicating in a situation where the communicators do not speak the same native language.
- 12. The best communication techniques aren’t always black and white. You are who you are – knowing your own personality and its relationship to ambiguity tolerance can be a big help in effective communication.
- 13. Kajs, L. T., & McCollum, D. L. (2009). Examining Tolerance for Ambiguity in the Domain of Educational Leadership. Academy Of Educational Leadership Journal, 13(2), 1. Levitt, D., & Jacques, J. D. (2005). Promoting Tolerance for Ambiguity in Counselor Training Programs. Journal Of Humanistic Counseling, Education & Development, 44(1), 46-54. Shuhong, W., Xiaomeng, Z., & Martocchio, J. (2011). Thinking Outside of the Box When the Box Is Missing: Role Ambiguity and Its Linkage to Creativity. Creativity Research Journal, 23(3), 211- 221. doi:10.1080/10400419.2011.595661 Wilkinson, D. (2006). The Ambiguity Advantage: What Great Leaders are Great At. NY: Palgrave Macmillan.