IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Abstract—This study was aimed to present a case report of a case of peripheral ossifying fibroma which is a rare case. This case was a 30 years non smoker male with the chief complaint of growth of gum tissue, moderately large in the mandibular posterior region. On intraoral examination, a peduncalated growth of 17 x 12 x 6 mm on marginal and attached gingiva with respect to tooth number 47 considerably hard in consistency and movable was seen. The lesion was erythmatous having a smooth non ulcerated surface. It was asymptomatic with no sign of pain. Intra oral periapical radiograph was taken which revealed slight erosion of crest of bone which was later confirmed during surgical excision. The possible reason of crestal bone erosion may be constant pressure of the growth. Differential diagnosis of irritation fibroma, pyogenic granuloma and peripheral giant cell granuloma was considered. However, clinical appearance and consistency was of a hard fibrous growth, which therefore led to a provisional diagnosis of peripheral ossifying fibroma or peripheral odontogenic fibroma.
“Workshop on growth factors in Periodontics and Implantology”- Two lectures on “PRF Cytokines- Advantages and Limitations” and “Preparing PRF- What to do, what not to do” followed by a hands-on module of PRF generation and manipulation. Event organized by the Dental Experts and held at Army College of Dental Sciences, Hyderabad, India on 07/8/2016.
“Perio-Spardha” Program on Autologous Platelet Concentrates-Two lectures on “Tweaking the Centrifuge- An important protocol in the generation of PRF” and “Applications and Limitations of PRF in Periodontics and Implantology”. Organized by Bangalore Academy of Periodontology (BAP) and Indian Society of Periodontology at Oxford Dental College Hospital and Research Centre, Bangalore, India on 14/02/2017.
Controversies in periodontics / /certified fixed orthodontic courses by India...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
Periodontal diseases Classifications and treatmentsRiad Mahmud
Prof. Dr. Md. Zahid Hossain, Division of Periodontology, Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Najran University, Saudi Arabia.Former Professor of Periodontology, City Dental College, Dhaka
2.tahrir n. aldelaimi article the evaluation of impacted third molars using...MohammedAbdulhammed
Tahrir N. Aldelaimi's ( dean of college of dentistry / Anbar University ) Published paper Show plagiarized paragraph (High light ) from article belong to Faiez N. Hattab, Ma'amon A. Rawashdeh and Mourad S. Fahmy
Dr. Rahul VC Tiwari - Fellowship In Orthognathic Surgery - Jubilee Mission Medical College Hospital and Research Center, Thrissur, Kerala - 31st publication IJAR 1st name
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Abstract—This study was aimed to present a case report of a case of peripheral ossifying fibroma which is a rare case. This case was a 30 years non smoker male with the chief complaint of growth of gum tissue, moderately large in the mandibular posterior region. On intraoral examination, a peduncalated growth of 17 x 12 x 6 mm on marginal and attached gingiva with respect to tooth number 47 considerably hard in consistency and movable was seen. The lesion was erythmatous having a smooth non ulcerated surface. It was asymptomatic with no sign of pain. Intra oral periapical radiograph was taken which revealed slight erosion of crest of bone which was later confirmed during surgical excision. The possible reason of crestal bone erosion may be constant pressure of the growth. Differential diagnosis of irritation fibroma, pyogenic granuloma and peripheral giant cell granuloma was considered. However, clinical appearance and consistency was of a hard fibrous growth, which therefore led to a provisional diagnosis of peripheral ossifying fibroma or peripheral odontogenic fibroma.
“Workshop on growth factors in Periodontics and Implantology”- Two lectures on “PRF Cytokines- Advantages and Limitations” and “Preparing PRF- What to do, what not to do” followed by a hands-on module of PRF generation and manipulation. Event organized by the Dental Experts and held at Army College of Dental Sciences, Hyderabad, India on 07/8/2016.
“Perio-Spardha” Program on Autologous Platelet Concentrates-Two lectures on “Tweaking the Centrifuge- An important protocol in the generation of PRF” and “Applications and Limitations of PRF in Periodontics and Implantology”. Organized by Bangalore Academy of Periodontology (BAP) and Indian Society of Periodontology at Oxford Dental College Hospital and Research Centre, Bangalore, India on 14/02/2017.
Controversies in periodontics / /certified fixed orthodontic courses by India...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
Periodontal diseases Classifications and treatmentsRiad Mahmud
Prof. Dr. Md. Zahid Hossain, Division of Periodontology, Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Najran University, Saudi Arabia.Former Professor of Periodontology, City Dental College, Dhaka
2.tahrir n. aldelaimi article the evaluation of impacted third molars using...MohammedAbdulhammed
Tahrir N. Aldelaimi's ( dean of college of dentistry / Anbar University ) Published paper Show plagiarized paragraph (High light ) from article belong to Faiez N. Hattab, Ma'amon A. Rawashdeh and Mourad S. Fahmy
Dr. Rahul VC Tiwari - Fellowship In Orthognathic Surgery - Jubilee Mission Medical College Hospital and Research Center, Thrissur, Kerala - 31st publication IJAR 1st name
Treatment of Endodontic –Periodontic lesion with combination therapy: PRF and...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Peripheral ossifying fibroma (POF) is a non-neoplastic enlargement of the gingival, which is one of the main
benign, reactive hyperplastic inflammatory lesions of the gingiva occurring in young adults. It has a very high
recurrence rate of around 7-45%. For this reason, a longer patient follow-up is very important in POF. Peripheral
ossifying fibroma comprises about 9% of all gingival growths. POF has similar clinical presentations with different
lesions which makes it difficult to reach at a correct diagnosis. In this article, we are reporting a case of peripheral ossifying fibroma (POF) in a 16-year-old female patient.
Key Words: Fibrous hyperplasia, Peripheral ossifying fibroma,
LSTR 3mix MP important efficacy particularly antibacterial and periapical le...Dr.Aklaqur Rahman Chayon
Author:-
Dr Nurjahan Afsary
BDS(DU),Post graduation training in
Conservative dentistry.Dhaka dental College.
Consultant dental surgeon at AR DENTAL Maxillofacial care Research and training center ,N oral health and dental care.
Co-author:-
Dr Aklaqur Rahman BDS(Dhaka dental College)
LSTR 3mix MP important efficacy particularly antibacterial and periapical lesions during conservative treatment in the dentistry like RCT and other endodontics management;Case Studies
Role of Adjuvant Therapy in Osteoradionecrosis (Orn) and Bisphosphonate Induc...inventionjournals
Aim; A treatment procol with pentoxifylline(PT) and A- tocoferol combination therapy to assess the utility along with standard antimicrobial therapy in a series of cases of ORN (osteoradionecrosis) of jaw and BRONJ. Material & Method: A total of 13 cases of ORN and BRONJ associated with pathological fracture of jaw and wound dehiscence of more than 03 cm was considered in this prospective study. A combination therapy of pentoxifylline (PT) and A- tocoferol was prescribed with standard antimicrobial therapy. PT was prescribed at 400 mg twice daily and A- tocoferol was prescribed at 1000 IU once daily. Chlorhexidine (0.12%), 10-15 ml rinsed more than 30 seconds twice daily. The entire protocol was for two months pre and postoperatively. A treatment response rating scale was defined for categories of excellent, good, fair, and poor. Results: A decrease in overall occurrence of symptoms, and signs was achieved in all the cases. Changes were evident even before surgical intervention. All patients were without pain, erythema, or purulence following initiation of treatment with PT and A tocoferol, in post-operative period. The therapy was beneficial in cases of ORN and BRONJ. Conclusion: this treatment protocol with PT and A-tocoferol therapy is highly beneficial in cases of ORN and BRONJ without any adverse effects.
Fractures that occur against the background of osteoporosis represent a global medical and social problem. In elderly people, 90% of hip fractures, as international studies have shown, occur against the background of osteoporosis. According to WHO, it is the fractures of the proximal femur that put osteoporosis on the 4th place among all causes of disability and mortality.
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India Challenges and Prospectsijtsrd
Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in...ijtsrd
Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion ...ijtsrd
The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
Online Voices, Offline Impact Ambedkars Ideals and Socio Political Inclusion ...ijtsrd
This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship A Studyijtsrd
Noting calls for contextualizing Agro entrepreneurs problems and challenges of the agro entrepreneurs and for greater attention to the Role of entrepreneurs in agro entrepreneurship research, we conduct a systematic literature review of extent research in agriculture entrepreneurship to overcome the study objectives of complications of agro entrepreneurs through various factors, Development of agriculture products is a key factor for the overall economic growth of agro entrepreneurs Agro Entrepreneurs produces firsthand large scale employment, utilizes the labor and natural resources, This research outlines the problems of Weather and Soil Erosions, Market price fluctuation, stimulates labor cost problems, reduces concentration of Price volatility, Dependency on Intermediaries, induces Limited Bargaining Power, and Storage and Transportation Costs. This paper mainly devoted to highlight Problems and challenges faced for the sustainable of Agro Entrepreneurs in India. Vinay Prasad B "Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship - A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64540/problems-and-challenges-of-agro-entreprenurship--a-study/vinay-prasad-b
Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies o...ijtsrd
Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Right...ijtsrd
This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
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A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
2. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID - IJTSRD23040 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 3 | Mar-Apr 2019 Page: 884
bone in the maxillofacial area, exposed or not to the buccal
environment and persists for more than eight weeks in
patients who did not present oral cancer or history of
previous radiation therapies in the craniofacial region6.
The first cases of BRONJ were described by Marx in 2003,
detailing 36 cases of bone exposure in the oral cavity in
patients undergoing intravenous use with bisphosphonates
in cancer therapy7; whereas in 2004, Ruggiero observed 63
cases of Osteonecrosis in the oral cavity with a history of
chronic therapy with bisphosphonates.8 In 2006, several
studies on BRONJ were reported9-11; since then several
professionals identified and demonstrated how to manage
the illness, based on their empirical experience and
opinions12-14.
According to American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial
Surgeons, Position Paper on Bisphosphonate-Related
Osteonecrosis of the Jaw, patients must be diagnosed as
suffering from BRONJ if all the following conditions are
present: 1) current or previous treatment with
bisphosphonates; 2) bone exposed in the maxillofacial
region, persistent for more than 8 weeks; and 3) no history
of radiation therapy for the jaw region. BRONJ may be
asymptomatic or exhibit symptoms such as pain, oedema,
dental loss and altered sensation (Figure 1)15,16.
Besides bisphosphonates, other medicaments have been
associated with Osteonecrosis in the maxillofacial region,
such as denosumab, bevacizumab, cabozantinib and
sunitinib (AAOMS, 2004). As a result of that, the condition
was then renamed Medication-related osteonecrosis of
the jaw (MRONJ)15.
MRONJ, as a challenging complication related to the use of
antiresorptive drugs, does not affect only the alveolar bone
of the oral cavity, but also has presented oral mucosal lossin
most patients with the disease, thus suggesting an adverse
effect on the soft tissues of the oral cavity17.
MRONJ affects dramatically the patients’ quality of life, thus
justifying to actively seeking prevention in the risky cases18.
Several clinical guidelines recommend discontinuation fora
period of 3 months before being submitted todentalsurgical
procedures to patients who use these drugs as systemic
therapy14. However, other guidelines do not concur that the
interruption for a short period of time of antiresorptive
medications should decrease the risk of Osteonecrosis in
maxillofacial region19.
Factors associated with increased MRONJ risk are the
following: (a) the potency of the drug used, (b) prolonged
use of the drug, (c) advanced age and (d) history of
inflammatory disease in the oral cavity14. Ruggiero suggests
that patients who require antireabsorption therapy should
undergo a thorough review with a specific health care
provider to assess their oral health for dental extractions or
other oral surgical procedures prior to initiating
bisphosphonate or similar therapy14-16.
To date, there is still no standard protocol for MRONJ
surgical treatment, which has been done empirically
according to the clinical and radiographic evaluationof each
professional20, 21.
Conventional treatment is indicated for cases in the initial
stages of the disease (Stage I). As for severe cases (Stage II,
III), surgery for resection of necrotic tissue and curettage is
necessary. The AAOMS classification of MRONJ22,23 is as
follows: Stage 1- Exposed and necrotic bone or fistula,
asymptomatic patient with or without infection; Stage II -
Exposed and necrotic bone or fistulas associated with
infection and pain, erythema in exposed boneregion,with or
without draining purulent secretion; Stage III - Exposed
necrotic bone or fistula extending beyond the alveolar bone
region and patient with pain, infection, and presence of one
or more of the complications: pathological fracture, extra
oral fistula, oro-antral or oro-nasal communication,
osteolysis extending on the edge of the mandible or
maxillary sinus (Figure 1).
Complementary treatments to surgerie – such as laser
therapy, Ozonotherapy, hyperbaric oxygen therapy and
autologous platelet concentrates - have been used to
improve the healing of bone and epithelial tissue, reducing
lesion recurrence21-24.
In 1998 Marx reported for the first time in history the use of
platelet rich plasma (PRP) to promote improvement in
wound healing in the maxillofacial region25. Since then,
several clinical reports have related the efficacy of the use of
autologous platelet concentrates for the treatment and
prevention of MRONJ26-28. Plasmaplatelet risk (PRP) showed
promising results in the acceleration of soft tissue healing
and bone regeneration in several studies in which the use of
platelet concentrates has become popular29-31.
Faced with such evidence, Choukroun et al., developed the
Fibrin Rich in Leukocytes and Platelets (L-PRF), the second
generationofplateletimmuneconcentrate,which represents
a new biotechnology to stimulate bone regeneration and
speed up the healing of soft tissues, because the PRF
membrane forms a physical barrieragainstmicroorganisms,
thus protecting the surgical wound from further
contamination of the surgical site32,33.
Researchers use the term PRF, however L-PRF is more
appropriate because it highlights the importance of
leukocytes within the platelet concentrate34. Fibrin rich in
leukocytes and platelets (L-PRF) is the most recently used
method of blood concentrates.Itallows anaturalcoagulation
process without addition of chemical agents, unlike the
process to obtain PRP35.
Furthermore, unlike PRP, L-PRF dissolves slowly after use,
keeping it stable for a longer period of time, preserving the
fibrin mesh, allowing longer cytokine life and a higher
concentration of platelets, leukocytes, circulating stem cells
incorporated within the physiological matrix of fibrin.
Consequently, growth factors are allowed to be released
more slowly at the surgical site, persisting for a longer time
during wound cicatrisation, from 7 to 28 days35,36.
L-PRF has been described as "an immune and platelet
concentrate in a single fibrin membrane, containing all
constituents of the blood sample favourable for healing and
immunity"37.
The leukocytes present within L-PRF play a role as an anti-
infective action, immunologicalregulation, abilitytoproduce
a great number of vascular endothelial growth factors
(VEGF), which has caught the interest and curiosity of
researchers38,39.
3. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
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Taking into account the above considerations, itisimportant
to further research whether L-PRF is effective in the
treatment of MRONJ, stimulating the natural biological
process of healing and tissue regeneration, compared to
previous procedures related in the current literature.
Consequently, the present article endeavours to review the
relevant literature in order to evaluate the effect of L-PRF as
a new biotechnology for the treatment of MRONJ.
Methods
A digital search was performed for relevant work in the
Cochrane-Library (Cochrane), MEDLINE/Pub Med, Scopus
and Embase databases, with no date or language limitation,
articles dating from the year 2013 to September of 2018,
related to the key words: “leukocyte and platelet-rich fibrin,
L-PRF, platelet-rich fibrin, bisphosphonate-associated
osteonecrosis of the jaw, bisphosphonate-associated
osteonecrosis, bisphosphonate related osteonecrosis of the
jaw”.
Also, the search for new works was carried out in the
references section of the selected articles (cross reference).
The last article search was conducted in September 2018.
The search was limited to articles written in English. The
studies that fulfilled the inclusion criteriawere evaluated for
the methodological quality with criterion methodology and
the use of the JADAD scale due to the heterogeneity of the
studies (Table 1). To be included, the studies had to report
the results of surgical proceduresperformed in patientswith
MRONJ therapies, to whom L-PRF was the complementary
therapy chosen for adjuvant use. Only studies that involved
human patients were included in the review.
There were limitations regarding the size of the sample. The
studies reported which anti-resorptive medications were
used; stages of the disease and affected areas in the
maxillofacial region. The resolution of the treatments had
clear definitions to consider success of the procedure
performed. Exclusion criteria were history of radiation
therapy to the head and neck, oral cancer and treatments
performed with other blood concentrates other than L-PRF
or PRF.
The process of searching and sorting the articles was done
by analysing the title and summary of each study. Those
studies that did not meet the inclusion criteria of thisreview
were excluded. The articles pertaining to the inclusion
criteria were examined by two independent researchers,
with a third party in case of disagreement regarding the
inclusion of studies in the present review. Despite the
inheritance found about the type of studies, those who
addressed the topic directly and in a clear and concise
manner were selected for the data analysis and included in
the research.
The following data, when present, were extracted from the
included studies: author /date,related disease, studyfollow-
up period, number of patients treated, average age and
gender, type of medication used, time of therapy, route of
administration, type of surgical procedure performed,
follow-up and resolution.
All patients in the articles studied were on therapy or would
have been treated with antireabsorbable agents, had
exposed bone in the maxillofacial region persistentfor more
than 8 weeks and confirmed destruction of bonelesionradio
graphicallyorclinically,whichrequired surgicalintervention
of accordance with AAOMS.
Stages of the lesion were verified according to the AAOMS
clinical classification of MRONJ:StageI:exposed andnecrotic
bone or fistula, asymptomatic patient with or without
infection; Stage II: Necrotic and exposed bone or fistulas
associated with infection and pain, erythema in exposed
bone region, with or without draining purulent secretion;
Stage III: Necrotic and exposed bone or fistula extending
beyond the alveolar bone region and patient with pain,
infection, and presence of one or more of the complications:
pathological fracture, extra oral fistula, oro-antral or oro-
nasal communication,osteolysisextendingintotheborder of
the mandible or maxillary sinus11.
Results
Our literature review covered 14 studies in a total of 303
patients who had stage II or III of MRNOJ – according to
AAOMS classification –with necroticboneexposureformore
than 8 weeks and history of antireabsorption drug
treatment, divided into maxilla and mandibles, women and
men, average age of 60 years, who underwent bone necrotic
tissue removal surgery, granulation tissue curettage, and L-
PRF use as adjuvant to treatment.
The most commonly used drugs were Alendronate,
Zoledronate, Bisphosphonates and Denosumab, with a
treatment span of 2 to 10 years, and onlytwostudieswereof
6 to 8 months. Of the 14 studies, in the groups that used PRF
or L-PRF in the treatment, 11 studies had a 100% total
resolution index, 1 study had 93%, and 1 had a 77% brief
total closure and 18% late closure, and1 had88%L-PRFand
96.7% with L-PRF + BPM2. In one of the studies, statistical
analysis revealed p <0.05 in elimination of infection and
rapid healing of the mucous membranes.
The publications related to the present literature review
were published from 2013 to 2018, there was a
predominance of studies in 2016 with six studies, 2013 with
one study, 2014 with three studies, 2017 with two studies,
and 2018 with 2 studies, in a total of 14 studies.
Discussions
After careful consideration of the literature, it is observed
that the risk of developingosteonecrosisof themandible and
its terrible consequences is still neglected by many
physicians who use bisphosphonates to combat
osteoporosis, as well as by dentists, who, for the most part,
of the results of therapeutic failureswhenperformingdental
implants, especially in the elderly patient population8-10.
Elderly patients and menopausal women who are more
likely to have osteoporosis are not only affected by
osteoporosis but also associated with the adverse effects of
bisphosphonates, even in calcium replacement,
demineralization17-9. In thisgroupof patients, dentalimplant
surgeries may not present the expected results, together
with the risk of severe dental loss, implant losses, infections
and other harmful consequences resulting from previously
installed or ongoing mandibular necrosis21.
The present literature reviewaimedtocatalogue evidenceof
the efficacy of PRF or L-PRF as adjuvant treatment for
MRONJ. A universal protocol for MRONJ treatment is not yet
4. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
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clearly defined, so there are several methods used, which
makes it difficult to compare the studies proposed sofar40-42.
The different types of treatments performed in studies
reported in the literature to date for MRONJ treatment
demonstrate a need for a standardized experimental design
to better define the optimal treatment. The greatest concern
regarding patients who may develop MRONJ is to maintain
good oral hygiene, to perform dental treatments prior to the
use of ant reabsorbing drugs, to maintain thequalityof life of
the patient, to control pain and infection, and to prevent the
appearance of new areas of necrosis6,20,39.
However, the use of L-PRF is a new, non-invasive and rapid
alternative approach to managing bone exposure.L-PRF has
been used as adjuvant therapy in the treatment of
osteonecrosis which allows natural coagulation process43.
The results appear to be promising when compared to other
techniques previously described as adjuvant to surgical
therapy in stages II and III of the disease, since the surgical
procedure can only compromise the outcome and do not
present favourable conditions for the definitive end of
therapy. L-PRF accelerates the healing of soft tissues,
improving epithelial vascularisation and brief closure of the
wound41,42.
According to the literature, MRONJ is associated with the
inhibition of osteoclasts caused by the action of the ant
reabsorbing drug, presenting suppression of bone
remodeling40,41, inhibition of angiogenesis42-45 and direct
toxicity in the buccal mucosa, being a hypothesis of path
physiology of the disease45-48.
The present literature review had several limitations,
especially a reduced number of randomized studies49-51.
Amongst other limitations, 50% of the studies had small
samples, consisting of one to two patients, two studies were
comparative and two studies had a series of control
patients52,53.
Because of the relatively recent pathology, when comparing
bisphosphonates, calcium supply and replacementhormone
therapy in the fight against osteoporosis and its
comorbidities4-5. The present research presents some
limitations on the quality of studies found and selected on
the topic discussed, since most of them are non-randomized
studies, with a reduced sample of patients, some of which
are summarized only in case of reports, without peer
selection or review, that is, with critical methodological
biases43-47. However, the authors of thisessay concluded that
this type of discussion should be carried out to draw the
attention of the scientific community to a severe health
problem, still under diagnosed and therefore
underreported21-23. Many professionals do not wish to
publish their failures, and that in a very next, due to the
aging of the world population can affect thousands of people
who are included in the clinical characteristics addressed in
this research. In addition to a social character, the other
important objective of the present study was to alert multi-
professional health teams to the rational use of these drugs,
associated with active surveillance and, therefore,
notification of this type of condition when it is digested35-37.
Therefore, those other patients are not suffering or are
surprised by therapeutic failures andseverehealthdamages
resulting from the consequent jaw necrosis1,2,49-51.
It has been observed that up to the present moment, there
are not many studies in the relevant literature reporting the
efficacy of PRF as a therapy for thetreatmentandprevention
of MRONJ in patientstakingosteoporosismedication,such as
bisphosphonates and the likes18, most likely due to the fact
that it is a recent illness and its proposed therapy is a rather
new technology54,55.
Conclusion
The use of L-PRF showed an expressive influence on the
complete wound healing in short postoperative periods and
in the resolution of treatments, drasticallyreducingtheneed
for postoperative re-interventions, resulting in lower
morbidity for patients. As they are presently commonly
prescribed drugs, it is of great importance that the Dentist is
aware when surgical interventions are necessaryinpatients
who have or still use Bisphosphonates.
Based on the literature review and in thecasesstudiedin the
articles, it was concluded that L-PRFisconsidered asafe,fast
and effective alternativemethodforthetreatmentofMRONJ.
Further randomized and adequately planned controlled
clinical trials with larger samples of the use of L-PRF in the
treatment of MRONJ are necessary to confirm the
effectiveness of the proposed treatment.
Conflict of interest statement
Maria Faria, Eric Cabral, Wilkson Castro, Davidson
Florentino, João Costa, Ricardo Pires, Fausto Guzen,
Francisco Pinheiro, Amália Rêgo and IramiFilhodeclarethat
they have no conflict of interest.
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@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID - IJTSRD23040 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 3 | Mar-Apr 2019 Page: 889
ITEMS
Asaka et
al17 2016
Giudice et
al22 2018
Soydan et
al26 2013
Kim et
al27
2014
Dinca et
al46
2014
Gönen et
al 47
2017
Park et
al 48
2017
Was the study described as
randomized?
No Yes No No No No No
Was the study described as
double-blind?
No No No No No No No
Was there a description of
withdrawals and dropouts?
Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes
Was the method for
generating the randomization
sequence described and
appropriate?
No Yes No No No No No
Was the double-blind method
described and appropriate?
No No No No No No No
SCORE 1 3 0 1 1 0 1
ITEMS
Norholt
et al. 49
2016
Maluf et
al. 50
2016
Inchingolo
et al 51
2017
Kim et
al 52
2016
Maluf et
al 53
2018
Tsai et al
54
2016
Pelaz A
et al55
2014
Was the study described as
randomized?
No No No No No No No
Was the study described as
double-blind?
No No No No No No No
Was there a description of
withdrawals and dropouts?
Yes No Yes No No No Yes
Was the method for
generating the randomization
sequence described and
appropriate?
No No No No No No No
Was the double-blind method
described and appropriate?
No No No No No No No
SCORE 1 0 1 0 0 0 1
Table1. Assessing the Quality of Reports of Clinical Trials with Jadad scale45
Figure1. (A) Intraoral view with exposure to the necrotic bone in the left jaw angle; (B) panoramic radiograph
Preoperatively identifying the fractured mandible angle. MORRISON A. PathologyOutlines.com 2018
http://pathologyoutlines.com/topic/mandiblemaxillaMRONJ.html. Accessed September 4th, 2018