2. CONTENTS
• INTRODUCTION
• CONCEPT BEHIND IT
• LEWIN’S VIEW
• DIAGRAMMATICALLY EXPLAINATION
• STEPS OR PROCESS.
• PURPOSE
• SKILLS REQUIRED
• USES OF THIS MODEL
• CONCLUSION
• REFERENCE
3. Kurt Lewin [1890 - 1947]
Kurt Lewin was an American
psychologist and having contributedto
science groupdynamics & action
research, but perhaps he is being well
known for developing force field analysis
4. INTRODUCTION
Lewin’s force field analysis is evaluates the net impact of all forces that
influence change. These forces can be divided into two groups:
Driving forces
• Driving forces are all
forces that push for and
promote change. These
change drivers promote
and encourage the
change process. Some
examples of driving
forces are executive
mandate, customer
demands, and increased
efficiency.
Restraining forces
• Restraining forces are
forces that make change
more difficult. These
forces counteract driving
forces and lead to the
avoidance or resistance
of change. Some
examples of restraining
forces are fear, lack of
training, and the lack of
incentives.
When these two sets of forces are equal change is in a static state of equilibrium
meaning that no movement towards or away from change is happening.
5. Force field analysis is a management technique
developed by Kurt Lewin, a pioneer in the field of
social sciences, for diagnosing situations.
Lewin assumes that in any situation there are both
driving and restraining forces that influence any
change that may occur:
Driving Forces
Restraining Forces
Equilibrium
Lewin’s Three-Step Model of Lewin
Organizational Change
6. Purpose
•FFA is an analysis technique to identify forces that
either drive or restrain planned change aimed at
solving a problem in an organization.
•It is a creative activity that can be used by needs
analysts as they focus on solutions which will help an
organization make a transformation from the ‘current
(problem) state’ to the ‘desired (solved) state’ as they
identify interventions to improve performance.
7. FORCE FIELD ANALYSIS can be used to:
Identify the forces
which support
change as well as
those which will
act against it.
Assess the causes of
performance
problems or
inhibitors to
business
opportunities.
Evaluate the relative
strength of forces that
affect alternative
solutions to
performance
problems or business
opportunities.
Help analyze and
prioritize solutions
to problems or
areas needing
improvement
FORCE FIELD
ANALYSIS
8. Field Force Process is …
Unfreezing--melting away resistance
Change--departure from the status quo
Refreezing--change becomes routine
Force-field analysis focuses our attention on ways of reducing the
hindering forces and encouraging the positive ones.
WHY TO USE?
9. When to Use It:
It helps team members to view each case as two
sets of off setting factors.
It can be used to study existing problems, or to
anticipate and plan more effectively for
implementing change.
In problem analysis, force-field analysis is
especially helpful in defining more subjective
issues, such as morale, management,
effectiveness, and work climate.
10. HOW TO USE IT?
Defining the Problem
Defining the Change Objective
Identifying the Driving Forces
Identifying the Restraining Forces
Review and clarify each force or factor
12. Carrying Out a Force Field Analysis:To
carry out a force field analysis, follow the following steps :
List all forces for change in one column, and
all forces against change in another column.
Assign a score to each force, from 1 (weak)
to 5 (strong).
Draw a diagram showing the forces for and
against, and the size of the forces.
How to Carry it
14. Case study: UPGRADE FACTORY WITH NEW
MANUFACTURING MACHINE
•NOT DADICATED
TEACHERS
•LACK OF
COMMUNICATION
BETWEEN TEACHERS
AND ADMINISTRATORS
•LACK OF MINIMUM
FACILITIES IN SCHOOL
•TEXT BOOKS NOT
RELEVENT
•UNTRAINED TEACHRES
CUSTOMER WANT NEW
PRODUCTS
IMPROVE SPEED OF
PRODUCTION
RAISE VOLUME OF
OUTPUT
MAINTENANACE COST
INCREASING
LOSS OF STAFF OVERTIME
STAFF FRIGHTENED OF
NEW TECHNOLOGY
ENVIRONMENTAL
IMPACT OF NEW
TECHNOLOGY
COST
DISRUPTION
UPGADE FACTORY
WITH NEW
MANUFACTURING
MACHINARY
4
2
3
1
3
3
1
3
1
TOTAL:10 TOTAL: 11
FORCE FOR CHANGE FORCE AGAINST CHANGE
15. Advantages of Force Field Analysis
Brings into the open factors which will work
for and against the closing of a gap
Identified by a needs analysis.
Helps to recognize circumstances which can and
cannot be changed.
Provides a means to analyze ways to minimize
or eliminate barriers to goal attainment.
16. The Limitations of Force Field Analysis
Process is subjective and requires collaborative
thinking and agreement
Concerning forces for and against the solution to
a particular problem.
May oversimplify the relationships between
factors that impact a problem.
All aspects of a problem may not be identified.
17. Conclusion
This tool has a long history and still maintains its utility despite
its apparent simplicity. Use it when your team is blocked in
some way or you need to see the wider picture in a change
program. It is an essential tool in the armory of a consultant and
despite its simplicity is a profound way of looking at an
organization
