Fertilization
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Fertilization in humans is the process where the male sperm cell unites with the female egg cell, forming a fertilized egg called a zygote. This document discusses fertilization and defines key terms like fertilization, which is the union of sperm and egg, and zygote, which refers to the fertilized egg cell. It also mentions some classroom activities like a film viewing and group work that may involve learning more about human fertilization.
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Fertilization
1. Fertilization involves the fusion of a sperm and egg nuclei to form a zygote.
2. It restores the diploid number of chromosomes and determines the sex of the embryo.
3. A series of events must occur for fertilization to be successful, including capacitation of sperm, penetration of the zona pellucida, fusion of membranes, and formation of male and female pronuclei.
Unit 5 animal reproduction and development
This document provides an overview of animal reproduction and development. It discusses both asexual and sexual reproduction mechanisms in animals. For sexual reproduction, it describes the processes of gamete production, fertilization through internal or external means, and embryonic development through cleavage, gastrulation and organogenesis. For embryonic development, it highlights adaptations in amniotes including extraembryonic membranes. Offspring can be precocial or altricial at birth depending on the level of development.
Unit 5 animal reproduction and development
This document provides an overview of animal reproduction and development. It discusses both asexual and sexual reproduction in animals. Asexual reproduction occurs through fission, budding, fragmentation, and parthenogenesis. Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of egg and sperm through external or internal fertilization. Embryonic development proceeds through cleavage, gastrulation, and organogenesis. Cleavage involves rapid cell division, gastrulation rearranges cells into three germ layers, and organogenesis develops organs from these germ layers. Gametes are produced in gonads and fertilization is triggered by the acrosomal and cortical reactions.
Unit 5 animal reproduction and development
This document provides an overview of animal reproduction and development. It discusses both asexual and sexual reproduction mechanisms in animals. For sexual reproduction, it describes the processes of gamete production, fertilization, and embryonic development. Fertilization can be external or internal. Embryonic development involves cleavage, gastrulation, and organogenesis. Amniotes develop in extraembryonic membranes within the mother. Young can be precocial or altricial at birth depending on their stage of development.
Human reproduction ppt
The document provides information about human reproduction:
- It describes the male and female reproductive systems and the journey of sperm and egg through the systems. The sperm fertilizes the egg in the fallopian tubes.
- It explains the process of fertilization and the early stages of development from zygote to embryo to fetus. The fetus develops over nine months before birth.
- Key parts of the male system that are mentioned include the testes, penis, and sperm. The female system includes the ovaries, uterus, fallopian tubes, and vagina.
cleavage and gastrulation in amphibians
1. Amphibian embryos undergo radial cleavage where cell divisions are slower in the vegetal hemisphere containing yolk. Gastrulation begins with the invagination of cells at the blastopore forming the archenteron.
2. Fate mapping shows superficial cells form ectoderm and endoderm, while deeper cells form mesoderm. During gastrulation, bottle cells migrate inward expanding the archenteron.
3. Spemann and Mangold's experiments showed the dorsal lip tissue of the blastopore, known as the organizer, can induce a secondary embryonic axis when transplanted, demonstrating its inductive properties.
1st science 4 fertilization
The document explains the process of human fertilization. It discusses that ovaries produce egg cells and the hormone estrogen, while testes produce sperm cells and the hormones testosterone and estrogen. Fertilization occurs when an egg and sperm cell unite in one of the fallopian tubes as the egg moves toward the uterus. The moving sperm swim through the uterus and enter the fallopian tube, with one fertilizing the egg to form a zygote.
General embryology introduction ( chapter 1)
Embryology is the study of the development of an organism from conception to birth. The prenatal period spans 38 weeks and includes the embryonic period from fertilization to 8 weeks, and the fetal period from 9 weeks until birth. During the embryonic period, the three germ layers are established which will give rise to all organs. Organogenesis occurs from weeks 4 through 8. The fetal period involves growth and maturation of organs. A basic understanding of embryology assists with learning anatomy and diagnosing congenital conditions.
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Fertilization
1. Fertilization involves the fusion of a sperm and egg nuclei to form a zygote.
2. It restores the diploid number of chromosomes and determines the sex of the embryo.
3. A series of events must occur for fertilization to be successful, including capacitation of sperm, penetration of the zona pellucida, fusion of membranes, and formation of male and female pronuclei.
Unit 5 animal reproduction and development
This document provides an overview of animal reproduction and development. It discusses both asexual and sexual reproduction mechanisms in animals. For sexual reproduction, it describes the processes of gamete production, fertilization through internal or external means, and embryonic development through cleavage, gastrulation and organogenesis. For embryonic development, it highlights adaptations in amniotes including extraembryonic membranes. Offspring can be precocial or altricial at birth depending on the level of development.
Unit 5 animal reproduction and development
This document provides an overview of animal reproduction and development. It discusses both asexual and sexual reproduction in animals. Asexual reproduction occurs through fission, budding, fragmentation, and parthenogenesis. Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of egg and sperm through external or internal fertilization. Embryonic development proceeds through cleavage, gastrulation, and organogenesis. Cleavage involves rapid cell division, gastrulation rearranges cells into three germ layers, and organogenesis develops organs from these germ layers. Gametes are produced in gonads and fertilization is triggered by the acrosomal and cortical reactions.
Unit 5 animal reproduction and development
This document provides an overview of animal reproduction and development. It discusses both asexual and sexual reproduction mechanisms in animals. For sexual reproduction, it describes the processes of gamete production, fertilization, and embryonic development. Fertilization can be external or internal. Embryonic development involves cleavage, gastrulation, and organogenesis. Amniotes develop in extraembryonic membranes within the mother. Young can be precocial or altricial at birth depending on their stage of development.
Human reproduction ppt
The document provides information about human reproduction:
- It describes the male and female reproductive systems and the journey of sperm and egg through the systems. The sperm fertilizes the egg in the fallopian tubes.
- It explains the process of fertilization and the early stages of development from zygote to embryo to fetus. The fetus develops over nine months before birth.
- Key parts of the male system that are mentioned include the testes, penis, and sperm. The female system includes the ovaries, uterus, fallopian tubes, and vagina.
cleavage and gastrulation in amphibians
1. Amphibian embryos undergo radial cleavage where cell divisions are slower in the vegetal hemisphere containing yolk. Gastrulation begins with the invagination of cells at the blastopore forming the archenteron.
2. Fate mapping shows superficial cells form ectoderm and endoderm, while deeper cells form mesoderm. During gastrulation, bottle cells migrate inward expanding the archenteron.
3. Spemann and Mangold's experiments showed the dorsal lip tissue of the blastopore, known as the organizer, can induce a secondary embryonic axis when transplanted, demonstrating its inductive properties.
1st science 4 fertilization
The document explains the process of human fertilization. It discusses that ovaries produce egg cells and the hormone estrogen, while testes produce sperm cells and the hormones testosterone and estrogen. Fertilization occurs when an egg and sperm cell unite in one of the fallopian tubes as the egg moves toward the uterus. The moving sperm swim through the uterus and enter the fallopian tube, with one fertilizing the egg to form a zygote.
General embryology introduction ( chapter 1)
Embryology is the study of the development of an organism from conception to birth. The prenatal period spans 38 weeks and includes the embryonic period from fertilization to 8 weeks, and the fetal period from 9 weeks until birth. During the embryonic period, the three germ layers are established which will give rise to all organs. Organogenesis occurs from weeks 4 through 8. The fetal period involves growth and maturation of organs. A basic understanding of embryology assists with learning anatomy and diagnosing congenital conditions.
Relative Morphology of Extraembryonic Membranes in Mammals: Their Roles in Hi...
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Gastrulation in sea urchins
Gastrulation in sea urchins involves two main processes: 1) the ingression of primary mesenchyme cells from the vegetal plate into the blastocoel, and 2) the invagination of the archenteron or primitive gut. The archenteron invaginates in three stages - first it invaginates about half way into the blastocoel, then it extends dramatically as cells intercalate and migrate, and finally filopodia from secondary mesenchyme cells attach to the blastocoel wall and pull the archenteron up to form the mouth. Overall, gastrulation transforms the embryo from a single-layered blastula into a multi-layered gastrula with
From fertilization to gastrulation
This document discusses early human development from fertilization through gastrulation in 3 weeks. Key points include formation of the morula, blastocyst, and implantation around days 3-6. The primitive streak establishes the cranial-caudal axis around day 14, and gastrulation from days 14-16 forms the three germ layers. Proper formation and patterning of the germ layers is essential for normal development.
Animal Development
1. The document outlines the early stages of animal development from fertilization through gastrulation and organogenesis. It describes the formation of the blastula and gastrula, and the three germ layers that give rise to organs.
2. Morphogenesis and cell differentiation are discussed, involving changes in cell shape, position, and adhesion guided by the extracellular matrix and cell signaling molecules.
3. Fate mapping reveals how specific regions of early embryos develop into particular structures later. Cytoplasmic determinants in vertebrate eggs help establish axes and cell differences, influencing pattern formation through inductive signals that vary by location.
Extra embryonic structures
This document discusses extra embryonic structures in reptiles, birds, and mammals. It describes the development and functions of the yolk sac, amnion, chorion, and allantois in reptiles and birds. In mammals, the trophoblast cells form the chorion and placenta, while the inner cell mass develops into the embryo and associated structures like the yolk sac, amnion and allantois. The extra embryonic membranes support gas exchange, protect the embryo, and provide nutrients in different ways for reptiles, birds and mammals.
Animal life cycle
House flies, chickens, and other animals reproduce through various life cycles and methods. Sexual reproduction can involve internal or external fertilization, while asexual reproduction occurs through budding or regeneration without fertilization. Advanced breeding techniques for animals include selective breeding, artificial insemination, embryo transfer, and cloning.
Fertilization
1. Capacitation is the process by which sperm gain the ability to fertilize an egg after leaving the male reproductive tract. It involves changes to the sperm membrane and motility that occur as sperm travel through the female reproductive tract.
2. For fertilization to occur, sperm must navigate barriers like cervical mucus, penetrate the zona pellucida surrounding the egg, and fuse with the egg membrane. Binding of sperm to zona pellucida protein ZP3 triggers the acrosome reaction which releases enzymes to penetrate the zona.
3. Fusion of sperm with the egg membrane activates the egg through release of calcium ions and cortical granules, allowing the male and female pronu
Preseantation on reproduction in animals
The document discusses various topics related to reproduction in animals including:
1) Sexual reproduction involves both male and female reproductive organs fusing eggs and sperm.
2) Fertilization is the fusion of an egg and sperm, forming a zygote that divides and develops into an embryo and fetus.
3) Reproduction can occur externally as in frogs where eggs and sperm fuse outside the body, or internally as in humans.
4) Asexual reproduction does not involve the fusion of gametes and results in offspring that are identical copies through binary fission or budding.
Developmental biology
This document describes the key stages of human embryonic and fetal development. It begins with an introduction to embryology and the processes of gametogenesis that produce egg and sperm cells. There are then four main sections that outline the major developmental periods: 1) Germinal stage, which involves fertilization, cleavage of the zygote, and blastulation. 2) Gastrulation stage, where the embryo reorganizes into three germ layers. 3) Neurulation stage where the neural tube forms from ectoderm. 4) Organogenesis stage in which organs begin to form and differentiate. The document then describes fetal development in the second and third trimesters, focusing on continued growth and differentiation of organ systems.
Reproduction And Development
The document summarizes the human reproductive system and development. It describes the production of gametes in males and females and their regulation by hormones. It outlines the key parts of the male and female reproductive systems and explains fertilization and the early stages of development from zygote to embryo to fetus. It notes development is controlled by hormones and can be affected by toxins early on. Reproductive technologies are also mentioned.
Fertilization
Human fertilization is the union of a human egg and sperm, usually occurring in the ampulla of the fallopian tube. The result of this union is the production of a zygote cell, or fertilized egg, initiating prenatal development. .The process of fertilization involves a sperm fusing with an ovum. The stages of fertilization can be divided into four processes: 1) sperm preparation, 2) sperm-egg recognition and binding, 3) sperm-egg fusion and 4) fusion of sperm and egg pronuclei and activation of the zygote.
Chap20
1) The whale's nose is located on top of its head due to extreme growth of its jaw bones during development, which causes the nasal bone to end up on the top of the skull rather than the front.
2) During development, the basic vertebrate body plan is shaped through processes like determination, differentiation, growth, and morphogenesis that form components and differentially grow bones and skulls.
3) Fertilization activates the egg and initiates cell division, with the sperm contributing a centriole and haploid nucleus while the egg contributes cytoplasm, organelles, and maternal factors that establish polarity through rearrangements signaling early development.
Chapter 46 Animal Reproduction & Chapter 47 Animal Development
This document summarizes key aspects of animal reproduction and development. It discusses asexual and sexual reproduction, including the components of reproductive systems and processes like fertilization, cleavage, and gastrulation. It also describes embryonic development, including the formation of extraembryonic membranes in different animal groups and the roles of structures like the blastocyst, chorion, amnion, yolk sac, and allantois in mammalian development.
Chapter 4 Reproduction
1) The document discusses sexual and asexual reproduction in humans. Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of male and female gametes during fertilization, while asexual reproduction involves only one parent and does not involve gametes.
2) It also describes the male and female reproductive systems, including the structures and functions of the testes, ovaries, sperm, and egg. Changes during puberty are also outlined.
3) The menstrual cycle, fertilization process, development of the embryo and fetus, and importance of prenatal care are explained in detail. Risks of smoking, drinking alcohol and inadequate nutrition during pregnancy are highlighted.
Fertilization
This document discusses three topics related to fertilization: in vitro pollen germination, pollen viability testing, and double fertilization. It explains that pollen can be germinated artificially and the rate depends on medium concentration and cultivar. Pollen viability is measured by staining anthers with dye and counting viable pollen under a microscope. Double fertilization uniquely occurs in flowering plants, where two sperm fuse with nuclei in the ovule - one forms the zygote and the other forms endosperm tissue to nourish the developing seed.
Introduction of development biology
Developmental biology is the study of the processes by which organisms grow and develop. It expanded on classical embryology by using modern molecular techniques and genetic approaches. Some key areas of study include differentiation, morphogenesis, growth, reproduction, evolution, and environmental influences. Early debates centered around whether embryonic structures were preformed in the egg (preformationism) or arose de novo through epigenesis. Landmark studies in the 1800s by scientists like Pander, von Baer, and Rathke established germ layer formation and embryonic development principles. Lineage tracing techniques using dyes were later developed to track cell lineages in living embryos of organisms like tunicates, amphibians, zebrafish, and frogs.
Unit 5 animal reproduction and development
This document provides an overview of animal reproduction and development. It discusses both asexual and sexual reproduction in animals. Asexual reproduction occurs through fission, budding, fragmentation, and parthenogenesis. Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of male and female gametes during internal or external fertilization. After fertilization, embryonic development proceeds through cleavage, gastrulation, and organogenesis stages. The embryo develops three germ layers that give rise to different tissues and organs. Parental care helps many animals ensure the survival of offspring to reproductive age.
Reproduction
Asexual reproduction involves mitosis to produce genetically identical offspring while sexual reproduction involves the fusion of male and female gametes during fertilization to produce genetically diverse offspring. Asexual reproduction is found in unicellular organisms and some multicellular organisms and has the advantages of not requiring a mate and faster reproduction. However, it provides no genetic variation. Sexual reproduction is more common and provides genetic variation which allows species to adapt to environmental changes.
Environmental regulation of animal development
1. The environment regulates animal development in several ways, such as requiring certain substrates to trigger metamorphosis or relying on symbiotic bacteria for proper organ development.
2. Environmental conditions can influence development through phenotypic plasticity, inducing different phenotypes from the same genotype. Some species exhibit polyphenisms where the environment determines distinctly different phenotypes.
3. Factors like seasonality, temperature, food availability, and presence of predators can alter development to increase fitness. Temperature also determines sex in some species.
Ch.6.reproduction in humans
Puberty is the stage of development when the human body becomes capable of reproduction. During puberty, hormones cause physical changes like growth of sex organs and secondary sex characteristics. For females, this includes breast development and the start of menstruation. For males, changes involve growth of the penis and testes and facial/body hair. The document provides information about the male and female reproductive systems and their functions in sexual reproduction and childbirth.
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Relative Morphology of Extraembryonic Membranes in Mammals: Their Roles in Hi...
Presented by John DeSesso and Joseph F. Holson in Symposium I ("A Detective Story: Is the Prenatal Toxicity of a Therapeutic in Rats Relevant to Human Risk?", J.F. Holson and L. B. Pearce, co-chairpersons) at the Forty-Third Annual Meeting of the Teratology Society, Philadelphia, PA, June 26, 2003.
Gastrulation in sea urchins
Gastrulation in sea urchins involves two main processes: 1) the ingression of primary mesenchyme cells from the vegetal plate into the blastocoel, and 2) the invagination of the archenteron or primitive gut. The archenteron invaginates in three stages - first it invaginates about half way into the blastocoel, then it extends dramatically as cells intercalate and migrate, and finally filopodia from secondary mesenchyme cells attach to the blastocoel wall and pull the archenteron up to form the mouth. Overall, gastrulation transforms the embryo from a single-layered blastula into a multi-layered gastrula with
From fertilization to gastrulation
This document discusses early human development from fertilization through gastrulation in 3 weeks. Key points include formation of the morula, blastocyst, and implantation around days 3-6. The primitive streak establishes the cranial-caudal axis around day 14, and gastrulation from days 14-16 forms the three germ layers. Proper formation and patterning of the germ layers is essential for normal development.
Animal Development
1. The document outlines the early stages of animal development from fertilization through gastrulation and organogenesis. It describes the formation of the blastula and gastrula, and the three germ layers that give rise to organs.
2. Morphogenesis and cell differentiation are discussed, involving changes in cell shape, position, and adhesion guided by the extracellular matrix and cell signaling molecules.
3. Fate mapping reveals how specific regions of early embryos develop into particular structures later. Cytoplasmic determinants in vertebrate eggs help establish axes and cell differences, influencing pattern formation through inductive signals that vary by location.
Extra embryonic structures
This document discusses extra embryonic structures in reptiles, birds, and mammals. It describes the development and functions of the yolk sac, amnion, chorion, and allantois in reptiles and birds. In mammals, the trophoblast cells form the chorion and placenta, while the inner cell mass develops into the embryo and associated structures like the yolk sac, amnion and allantois. The extra embryonic membranes support gas exchange, protect the embryo, and provide nutrients in different ways for reptiles, birds and mammals.
Animal life cycle
House flies, chickens, and other animals reproduce through various life cycles and methods. Sexual reproduction can involve internal or external fertilization, while asexual reproduction occurs through budding or regeneration without fertilization. Advanced breeding techniques for animals include selective breeding, artificial insemination, embryo transfer, and cloning.
Fertilization
1. Capacitation is the process by which sperm gain the ability to fertilize an egg after leaving the male reproductive tract. It involves changes to the sperm membrane and motility that occur as sperm travel through the female reproductive tract.
2. For fertilization to occur, sperm must navigate barriers like cervical mucus, penetrate the zona pellucida surrounding the egg, and fuse with the egg membrane. Binding of sperm to zona pellucida protein ZP3 triggers the acrosome reaction which releases enzymes to penetrate the zona.
3. Fusion of sperm with the egg membrane activates the egg through release of calcium ions and cortical granules, allowing the male and female pronu
Preseantation on reproduction in animals
The document discusses various topics related to reproduction in animals including:
1) Sexual reproduction involves both male and female reproductive organs fusing eggs and sperm.
2) Fertilization is the fusion of an egg and sperm, forming a zygote that divides and develops into an embryo and fetus.
3) Reproduction can occur externally as in frogs where eggs and sperm fuse outside the body, or internally as in humans.
4) Asexual reproduction does not involve the fusion of gametes and results in offspring that are identical copies through binary fission or budding.
Developmental biology
This document describes the key stages of human embryonic and fetal development. It begins with an introduction to embryology and the processes of gametogenesis that produce egg and sperm cells. There are then four main sections that outline the major developmental periods: 1) Germinal stage, which involves fertilization, cleavage of the zygote, and blastulation. 2) Gastrulation stage, where the embryo reorganizes into three germ layers. 3) Neurulation stage where the neural tube forms from ectoderm. 4) Organogenesis stage in which organs begin to form and differentiate. The document then describes fetal development in the second and third trimesters, focusing on continued growth and differentiation of organ systems.
Reproduction And Development
The document summarizes the human reproductive system and development. It describes the production of gametes in males and females and their regulation by hormones. It outlines the key parts of the male and female reproductive systems and explains fertilization and the early stages of development from zygote to embryo to fetus. It notes development is controlled by hormones and can be affected by toxins early on. Reproductive technologies are also mentioned.
Fertilization
Human fertilization is the union of a human egg and sperm, usually occurring in the ampulla of the fallopian tube. The result of this union is the production of a zygote cell, or fertilized egg, initiating prenatal development. .The process of fertilization involves a sperm fusing with an ovum. The stages of fertilization can be divided into four processes: 1) sperm preparation, 2) sperm-egg recognition and binding, 3) sperm-egg fusion and 4) fusion of sperm and egg pronuclei and activation of the zygote.
Chap20
1) The whale's nose is located on top of its head due to extreme growth of its jaw bones during development, which causes the nasal bone to end up on the top of the skull rather than the front.
2) During development, the basic vertebrate body plan is shaped through processes like determination, differentiation, growth, and morphogenesis that form components and differentially grow bones and skulls.
3) Fertilization activates the egg and initiates cell division, with the sperm contributing a centriole and haploid nucleus while the egg contributes cytoplasm, organelles, and maternal factors that establish polarity through rearrangements signaling early development.
Chapter 46 Animal Reproduction & Chapter 47 Animal Development
This document summarizes key aspects of animal reproduction and development. It discusses asexual and sexual reproduction, including the components of reproductive systems and processes like fertilization, cleavage, and gastrulation. It also describes embryonic development, including the formation of extraembryonic membranes in different animal groups and the roles of structures like the blastocyst, chorion, amnion, yolk sac, and allantois in mammalian development.
Chapter 4 Reproduction
1) The document discusses sexual and asexual reproduction in humans. Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of male and female gametes during fertilization, while asexual reproduction involves only one parent and does not involve gametes.
2) It also describes the male and female reproductive systems, including the structures and functions of the testes, ovaries, sperm, and egg. Changes during puberty are also outlined.
3) The menstrual cycle, fertilization process, development of the embryo and fetus, and importance of prenatal care are explained in detail. Risks of smoking, drinking alcohol and inadequate nutrition during pregnancy are highlighted.
Fertilization
This document discusses three topics related to fertilization: in vitro pollen germination, pollen viability testing, and double fertilization. It explains that pollen can be germinated artificially and the rate depends on medium concentration and cultivar. Pollen viability is measured by staining anthers with dye and counting viable pollen under a microscope. Double fertilization uniquely occurs in flowering plants, where two sperm fuse with nuclei in the ovule - one forms the zygote and the other forms endosperm tissue to nourish the developing seed.
Introduction of development biology
Developmental biology is the study of the processes by which organisms grow and develop. It expanded on classical embryology by using modern molecular techniques and genetic approaches. Some key areas of study include differentiation, morphogenesis, growth, reproduction, evolution, and environmental influences. Early debates centered around whether embryonic structures were preformed in the egg (preformationism) or arose de novo through epigenesis. Landmark studies in the 1800s by scientists like Pander, von Baer, and Rathke established germ layer formation and embryonic development principles. Lineage tracing techniques using dyes were later developed to track cell lineages in living embryos of organisms like tunicates, amphibians, zebrafish, and frogs.
Unit 5 animal reproduction and development
This document provides an overview of animal reproduction and development. It discusses both asexual and sexual reproduction in animals. Asexual reproduction occurs through fission, budding, fragmentation, and parthenogenesis. Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of male and female gametes during internal or external fertilization. After fertilization, embryonic development proceeds through cleavage, gastrulation, and organogenesis stages. The embryo develops three germ layers that give rise to different tissues and organs. Parental care helps many animals ensure the survival of offspring to reproductive age.
Reproduction
Asexual reproduction involves mitosis to produce genetically identical offspring while sexual reproduction involves the fusion of male and female gametes during fertilization to produce genetically diverse offspring. Asexual reproduction is found in unicellular organisms and some multicellular organisms and has the advantages of not requiring a mate and faster reproduction. However, it provides no genetic variation. Sexual reproduction is more common and provides genetic variation which allows species to adapt to environmental changes.
Environmental regulation of animal development
1. The environment regulates animal development in several ways, such as requiring certain substrates to trigger metamorphosis or relying on symbiotic bacteria for proper organ development.
2. Environmental conditions can influence development through phenotypic plasticity, inducing different phenotypes from the same genotype. Some species exhibit polyphenisms where the environment determines distinctly different phenotypes.
3. Factors like seasonality, temperature, food availability, and presence of predators can alter development to increase fitness. Temperature also determines sex in some species.
Ch.6.reproduction in humans
Puberty is the stage of development when the human body becomes capable of reproduction. During puberty, hormones cause physical changes like growth of sex organs and secondary sex characteristics. For females, this includes breast development and the start of menstruation. For males, changes involve growth of the penis and testes and facial/body hair. The document provides information about the male and female reproductive systems and their functions in sexual reproduction and childbirth.
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Fertilization
- 1. Lesson: Process of Fertilization in Humans
- 2. Unlocking of Words • Fertilization – is the union of the male sperm and female egg cells, resulting to a fertilized egg cell. • Zygote – fertilized egg cell.
- 3. Film Viewing