Learning point of view

3. Introduction
• Foetal circulation– “fetus” “circulation”
• It is composed of placenta, umbilical vein,
heart, umbilical artries, systemic blood
vessels,
• Major difference between foetal and post
natal circulation is that lungs are non
functional.
• Thus foetus is dependent on placenta for its
nutrition

4. The circulation in fetus is essentially same as adult except for the
following:-
 There are three type of bypass:-
DUCTUS VENOSUS
FORAMEN OVALE
DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS
PLACENTA :-
• It is the temporary organ during pregnancy.
• Circular or disc shaped.
• Weight : 500 gram.
• It has two surface :- MATERNAL
FETAL
• The source of oxygenated blood is from placenta so, gaseous
exchange take place here.

5. placenta

6. • Placenta attach with fetus by umbilical cord it contain 2 umbilical
vein and 2 umbilical arteries in early part of pregnancy later stage
i.e. 7th week during pregnancy right umbilical vein disappear.
• Umbilical vein receive pure blood from placenta and carries to
liver.
• Portal vein supplies nutrient containing blood to liver and divide
into 2 branches left and right portal vein.
• Left branch of portal vein is attach with umbilical vein.
• Inferior vena cava collects the impure blood from lower part of
body i.e. below diaphragm.

7. • Small amount of blood passes through liver to inferior vena cava.
• Maximum portion of blood passes direct to the inferior vena cava
through ductus venosus.
• Ductus venosus is for by passing hepatic circulation
• It is the first by pass

8. Ductus
venosus

9. • It connects two atria.
• Superior vena cava collects the impure blood from upper
part of body i.e. above diaphragm.
• Coronary sinus collects the impure blood from heart walls.
• Blood from the inferior vena cava, superior vena cava,
coronary sinus come the right atrium.
• Inferior vena cava has Eustachian and coronary sinus has
Thebasian valve that prevent the back flow of blood.
• Now the blood from right atrium almost 80% of it go to left
atrium through foramen ovale and go to left ventricle.
• Rest of blood go to right ventricle due to gravity.

10. Foramen
ovale

11. • It is for bypassing pulmonary circulation.
• Pulmonary trunk receive blood from right ventricle and divide into
2 branches right and left pulmonary artery.
• Blood from left ventricle will be received by ascending aorta and
will continue as arch of aorta.
• Arch of aorta will receive rest of blood from left pulmonary artery
by ductus arteriosus.
• Arch of aorta has 3 branches:- brachiocephalic artery
left common carotid artery
left subclavian artery
• Arch of aorta continue as descending aorta and divide into right
and left common iliac arteries

12. • Further right common iliac artery divide into right external and
internal common iliac artery.
• Left common iliac artery divide into left external and internal
common iliac artery.
• Now both the internal common iliac arteries form umbilical
arteries which carries impure blood of foetal circulation to
placenta.

13. Ductus arteriosus

14. AFTER BIRTH MODIFICATION OF STRUCTURES
BEFORE BIRTH AFTER BIRTH
Ductus venosus Ligamentum venosum
Ductus arteriosus Ligamentum arteriosum
Foramen ovale Fossa ovalis
Umbilical arteries Medial umbilical ligaments
Left umbilical vein Ligamentum teres

15. Pulmonary
trunk
Lungs
Pulmonary
veins
Left Atrium Left Ventricle Aorta
Ductus Artriosus
Systematic circulation
Umbilical arteries
placenta
Foramen ovale
Right atrium
Right ventricle
Inferior vena cava
Umbilical vein
liver
flow chart
Ductus venous

16. Clinical Anatomy
Patent ductus arteriosus
Ductus arteriosus after birth it normally constrict and close and
become ligamentum arteriosus.
Failure of the ductus arteriosus to close may occur as an
islolated congenital abnormality.
A persistent ductus arteriosus result in high pressure of blood
passing aorta into the pulmonary artery which raises the
pressure in the pulmonary circulation.
The symptoms of overload of pulmonary circulation are
shorteness of breath on exertion and palpation.

17. Atrial septal defect or hole in heart
Normally after birth foramen ovale
convert into fossa ovalis but in this
condition the foramen ovale
remains same and called hole in the
heart.
In this condition blood mix in the
heart and body organs receive
mixed blood.
The symptomatic stage is blue baby
synosis the most comman system of
blue symdrome is a blue
discoloration of the skin and nails.

18. UNDER THEGUIDANCE OF:
DR. JIGNESH SIR
DR. GAJENDRA SIR
PROJECTED BY:  FARHAT KHATRI
 RUKSAR BANO
 NETRI MEHTA
 KHUSHI RANK
 VANDANA CHAVDA
 RABIYA GADHWALA
 TRUPTI BHURIYA
 DARSHITA CHAVDA
 ANKIT GAMIT
 ADITIYA HERMA