The document discusses the new HEVC/H.265 video compression standard and its benefits for ultra high definition video. Key points:
- HEVC is 50% more efficient than H.264/MPEG-4 AVC, allowing a 50% reduction in bandwidth. It can support resolutions up to 8K.
- Tests show HEVC achieves 50-75% lower bitrates than H.264 for ultra high definition video, while maintaining comparable quality.
- HEVC's increased efficiency comes from processing video in 64x64 pixel blocks rather than 16x16, and parallel processing of video frames. This requires powerful multi-core processors.
- The improved compression enables
Excerpts from the HEVC / H265 Hands-on course.
This parts of the course explains how to download the reference code (HM) compile it configure it and analyze the video output
Excerpts from the HEVC / H265 Hands-on course.
This parts of the course explains how to download the reference code (HM) compile it configure it and analyze the video output
Video coding is an essential component of video streaming, digital TV, video chat and many other technologies. This presentation, an invited lecture to the US Patent and Trade Mark Office, describes some of the key developments in the history of video coding.
Many of the components of present-day video codecs were originally developed before 1990. From 1990 onwards, developments in video coding were closely associated with industry standards such as MPEG-2, H.264 and H.265/HEVC.
The presentation covers:
- Basic concepts of video coding
- Fundamental inventions prior to 1990
- Industry standards from 1990 to 2014
- Video coding patents and patent pools.
Subjective quality evaluation of the upcoming HEVC video compression standard Touradj Ebrahimi
Slides of my presentation at SPIE Optics+Photonics 2012 Applications of Digital Image Processing XXXV, San Diego, August 12-16, 2012
Paper available at: http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/180494
ICME 2016 - High Efficiency Video Coding - Coding Tools and Specification: HE...Mathias Wien
The tutorial covers the complete HEVC standard, including all currently defined extensions (range extensions, scalability, multi-view, 3D video coding, and screen content coding). It further covers the state of the current activities on Free-Viewpoint Television and on High Dynamic Range + Wide Color Gamut Coding. The standard is assessed from various perspectives, including an algorithmic view on the video coding layer as well as a high-level / system-layer view on the network abstraction layer and the overall structure. The discussion includes a detailed treatment of the HEVC layer concept which allows for seamless incorporation of spatial and quality scalability as well as multi-view, 3D, or FTV extensions. The essential concepts and the coding tools comprised in each of the extensions are detailed and explained in the context of their respective application space. The tutorial further discusses the basic structure of specification text from a more abstract point of view as well as by concrete example in HEVC. For all mentioned perspectives, the tutorial develops the topic in a step-by-step fashion and gradually introduces concepts, algorithms, and terminology. Examples are provided at all levels of the presentation illustrating the concepts and deepening the understanding of the presented technology. Various demos are presented to visualize the algorithmic advancement. The tutorial is based on the book “High Efficiency Video Coding: Coding Tools and Specification” by the tutorial speaker which currently covers HEVC version 1. The tutorial shall enable the participants to understand the design principles and concepts behind the specification of HEVC. They shall recognize and understand the innovation of HEVC compared to the previous standards (esp. H.264/AVC) and regard the extensible nature of the specification design.
Comparison of compression efficiency between HEVC and VP9 based on subjective...Touradj Ebrahimi
These are the slides of my presentation at SPIE Optics + Photonics 2014 Applications of Digital Image Processing XXXVII. The paper itself can be downloaded from SPIE Digital Library. For people in hurry, a pre-print version is available at: http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/200925?ln=en
Video coding is an essential component of video streaming, digital TV, video chat and many other technologies. This presentation, an invited lecture to the US Patent and Trade Mark Office, describes some of the key developments in the history of video coding.
Many of the components of present-day video codecs were originally developed before 1990. From 1990 onwards, developments in video coding were closely associated with industry standards such as MPEG-2, H.264 and H.265/HEVC.
The presentation covers:
- Basic concepts of video coding
- Fundamental inventions prior to 1990
- Industry standards from 1990 to 2014
- Video coding patents and patent pools.
Subjective quality evaluation of the upcoming HEVC video compression standard Touradj Ebrahimi
Slides of my presentation at SPIE Optics+Photonics 2012 Applications of Digital Image Processing XXXV, San Diego, August 12-16, 2012
Paper available at: http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/180494
ICME 2016 - High Efficiency Video Coding - Coding Tools and Specification: HE...Mathias Wien
The tutorial covers the complete HEVC standard, including all currently defined extensions (range extensions, scalability, multi-view, 3D video coding, and screen content coding). It further covers the state of the current activities on Free-Viewpoint Television and on High Dynamic Range + Wide Color Gamut Coding. The standard is assessed from various perspectives, including an algorithmic view on the video coding layer as well as a high-level / system-layer view on the network abstraction layer and the overall structure. The discussion includes a detailed treatment of the HEVC layer concept which allows for seamless incorporation of spatial and quality scalability as well as multi-view, 3D, or FTV extensions. The essential concepts and the coding tools comprised in each of the extensions are detailed and explained in the context of their respective application space. The tutorial further discusses the basic structure of specification text from a more abstract point of view as well as by concrete example in HEVC. For all mentioned perspectives, the tutorial develops the topic in a step-by-step fashion and gradually introduces concepts, algorithms, and terminology. Examples are provided at all levels of the presentation illustrating the concepts and deepening the understanding of the presented technology. Various demos are presented to visualize the algorithmic advancement. The tutorial is based on the book “High Efficiency Video Coding: Coding Tools and Specification” by the tutorial speaker which currently covers HEVC version 1. The tutorial shall enable the participants to understand the design principles and concepts behind the specification of HEVC. They shall recognize and understand the innovation of HEVC compared to the previous standards (esp. H.264/AVC) and regard the extensible nature of the specification design.
Comparison of compression efficiency between HEVC and VP9 based on subjective...Touradj Ebrahimi
These are the slides of my presentation at SPIE Optics + Photonics 2014 Applications of Digital Image Processing XXXVII. The paper itself can be downloaded from SPIE Digital Library. For people in hurry, a pre-print version is available at: http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/200925?ln=en
Suárez&Co Satellite Solutions Division operates from its Head Quarters in Hong Kong, and is a leading full Satellite Internet service provider, utilizing state of the art technologies to bring the Internet more efficiently to the Asia Pacific Region, Middle East and Africa and it was formed with the goal of providing integrated convergent communication solutions for high bandwidth requirements.
We specialize in providing two-way broadband satellite solutions and point-to-multipoint C-Band satellite transmission services to ISPs, PTTs, Enterprise and Home Users, featuring TDM-TDMA, SCPC and DVB for video and data transmission services.
Pioneer AV Receivers 2013 - features explainedPioneer Europe
This presentation explains all the features of the Pioneer AV receiver line-up for 2013.
Visit the Pioneer site for line-up & full details.
Europe: www.pioneer.eu
Australia: www.pioneer.com.au
Home Theater: Surround Sound Formats teaches you about the many standards employed by TV and movie producers to encode the audio in the shows and films you watch. Your home theater equipment--AV receivers and Blu-ray players--then decode the audio to give you the effect you want.
Tired of boring two-channel stereo? Apply a matrixed surround sound format like Dolby Pro Logic II or DTS Neo:6 and use *all* of your speakers!
Immersive Telepresence - case study : Kirari
By Yoshihide Tonomura, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone (NTT) Corporation
at 2nd ITU-T Mini-Workshop on Immersive Live Experience (ILE) in 19 January 2017
HEVC, also known as x265 is a new and upcoming video compression algorithm. It boasts about 50% more video file
size reduction, as compared to its predecessor x264, which is an "Industry Standard" currently.
Requiring only half the bitrate of its predecessor, the new standard – HEVC or H.265 – will significantly reduce the need for bandwidth and expensive, limited spectrum. HEVC (H.265) will enable the launch of new video services and in particular ultra HD television (UHDTV).
State-of-the-art video compression techniques – HEVC/H.265 – can reduce the size of raw video by a factor of about 100 without any noticeable reduction in visual quality. With estimates indicating that compressed real-time video accounts for more than 50 percent of current network traffic, and this figure is set to rise to 90 percent within a few years, HEVC/H.265 will be a welcome relief for network operators.
New services, devices and changing viewing patterns are among the factors contributing to the growth in video traffic as people watch more and more traditional TV and video-streaming services on their mobile devices.
Ericsson has been heavily involved in the standardization of HEVC since it began in 2010, and this Ericsson Review article highlights some of the contributions that have led to the compression efficiency offered by HEVC.
Requiring only half the bitrate of its predecessor, the new standard – HEVC or H.265 – will significantly reduce the need for bandwidth and expensive, limited spectrum. HEVC (H.265) will enable the launch of new video services and in particular ultra HD television (UHDTV).
State-of-the-art video compression techniques – HEVC/H.265 – can reduce the size of raw video by a factor of about 100 without any noticeable reduction in visual quality. With estimates indicating that compressed real-time video accounts for more than 50 percent of current network traffic, and this figure is set to rise to 90 percent within a few years, HEVC/H.265 will be a welcome relief for network operators.
New services, devices and changing viewing patterns are among the factors contributing to the growth in video traffic as people watch more and more traditional TV and video-streaming services on their mobile devices.
Ericsson has been heavily involved in the standardization of HEVC since it began in 2010, and this Ericsson Review article highlights some of the contributions that have led to the compression efficiency offered by HEVC.
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Elemental high dynamic _ range_video_white_paperCMR WORLD TECH
FROM SCIENCE TO PRACTICE
The next large challenge facing the video industry is translating the science behind HDR into a system or
systems that can actually perform the required tasks of making HDR a reality for consumers and provide
a return on investment for providers. This adds complexity by bringing the laboratory into the
marketplace.
What Will TV Cost You? Putting a Price on HEVC Licenses Erik Oliver
Changes in how you watch movies, stream TV and use video chat are on the way. These will fundamentally affect the economics of how content is delivered to you, as well as the way that the patents underpinning the enabling technology are licensed. This article aims to provide an understanding of the history of HEVC, video compression standards and the associated patent licensing landscape.
Long-term, H.265 will likely succeed H.264’s position as the premier solution for advanced video, though that may depend on whether or not battery consumption while decoding can match H.264’s levels in the long term. That’s something we’ll only be able to evaluate once hardware is available, but for now we’re optimistic. H.265’s explicitly parallel model should map well against multi-core devices of the future.
Encode/decode support, meanwhile, is already going to be possible on a vast range of products. Modern CPUs are more than capable of decoding H.265 in software, OpenCL support is coming in future iterations, and hardware GPU support, while not formally guaranteed by AMD, Intel, or Nvidia for next-generation products, is a mid-term certainty. All three companies have previously leapt to include advanced video pipelines in their products — as the H.265 presentation notes, video is something that’s become ubiquitous across every type of device
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126 127TELE-audiovision International — The World‘s Largest Digital TV Trade Magazine — 07-08/2013 — www.TELE-audiovision.com www.TELE-audiovision.com — 07-08/2013 — TELE-audiovision International — 全球发行量最大的数字电视杂志
The New
HEVC/H.265
Standard
• reduced bandwidth by 50%
• can be used also for very small screens
• divides the video in 64x64 pixel blocks
• requires advanced processors in the
receiver
Picture from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sunspot_TRACE.jpeg (Photo Credit: NASA/TRACE)
FEATURE Ultra High Definition
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128 129TELE-audiovision International — The World‘s Largest Digital TV Trade Magazine — 07-08/2013 — www.TELE-audiovision.com www.TELE-audiovision.com — 07-08/2013 — TELE-audiovision International — 全球发行量最大的数字电视杂志
FEATURE Ultra High Definition
Designed for
Ultra High Definition TV
Jacek Pawlowski
rate reduction for HEVC com-
pared to H.264/MPEG-4 AVC
was 49.3%. So very, very
close to the initial target.
But what about UHD? Has
anybody tested the HEVC
performance for higher reso-
lutions than today’s HDTV?
Yes, they have. One of the
most rigorous tests was car-
ried out by the researchers
from the Ecole Polytech-
nique Federale de Lausanne
in Lausanne, Switzerland.
They used a large ultra high
resolution LCD monitor (56”
Sony Trimaster SRM-L560)
and prepared 3 different bit
streams with different con-
tent: Road Traffic, People On
the Street and Sintel2 (com-
puter animation). Eeach vid-
eo stream was compressed
with: MPEG-4 codec and
HVEC codec. The test result
was: HVEC significantly out-
performs MPEG-4. Moreover,
it is possible to achieve a
50-75% reduction in bit rate
if HVEC is used instead of
MPEG-4.
New standard will inevi-
tably entail a lot of turmoil
not only in the digital TV in-
dustry. It will also affect the
Internet world. Most likely
it will marginalize the VP8
codec that Google realized
for royalty-free use. It will
also affect mobile devices.
Despite the fact that HVEC
is specified to resolutions
as high as 8,192 × 4,320
pixels, it has a lot of much
lower modes of operation
(the professionals call them
profiles). For example, the
lowest Profile 1 is specified
for a resolution of 128×96
@ 33.7 frames per second
and just 128 kbps bit rate.
The profiles go up to Profile
6.2 which is suitable for the
highest resolutions and the
highest bit rates. Once HVEC
is widely accepted, we will
find it everywhere: from very
simple cheap devices with
very small screens up to the
largest flat screen monitors
and TVs. Should HEVC be
useful only for very high res-
olutions, one could be skepti-
TELE-audiovision's editor
Jacek Pawlowski enjoys the help
of his personal assistant while
working on this report.
Picture 1: David Hathaway, NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (http://solarscience.msfc.nasa.gov)
Table 1: Comparing Standard Definition, High Definition and Ultra High Definition Characteristics
Every 9-11 years we ob-
serve a step forward in digi-
tal video technology. Com-
pare the dates of the main
standard publications:
- 1992: VCD, CDi
- 1994: MPEG-2 (H.262)
and DVD-Video
- 2004: MPEG-4 (H.264),
Blu-ray Disc, Internet
streaming, mobile video
- 2013: HEVC (H.265) - the
expected new standard for
ultra high definition video
The interesting thing is
that this corresponds more
or less to the 11 years long
solar cycle. Every 11 years,
the number of sunspots
reach a maximum - see pic-
ture 1.
Is it possible that the smart
guys working on digital video
standardization are influ-
enced by this natural phe-
nomenon? Perhaps a high
number of sunspots turns
them up so much that they
simply have to reduce the
tension and publish a new
standard? We will come back
to that at the end of this ar-
ticle.
The new standard is self-
explained by its name – HEVC
means High Efficiency Video
Coding. HVEC is claimed to
be about 50% more efficient
than MPEG-4/H.264. Let’s
compare what bit rates are
needed for today’s SD chan-
nel, HD channel and a future
Ultra HD channel depending
on video compression meth-
od: MPEG-2, MPEG-4 and
HEVC. We put the figures in
table 1.
Please note that by a UHD
channel we mean a video
resolution of 3,840 x 2,160
pixels in a progressive mode
(2160p). So, it is even a big-
ger improvement than HD
had over SD (760p/1080i vs.
480i/576i).
As everybody can see, the
improvement in data com-
pression is tremendous. In
fact, when work on HEVC
started this was the main
objective: to achieve about
50% improvement in coding
efficiency without sacrificing
video quality perceived by
humans. And here we come
to a very vital question: does
HEVC really guarantee a vid-
eo quality comparable with
today’s HD?
The first tests have been
already carried out. Most of
them dealt with HD material
and indeed proved that HVEC
did pretty well in comparison
to MPEG-4. The final conclu-
sion was that the average bit
cal about its quick implemen-
tation in real world products.
But because it offers a 50%
bit rate reduction which
means also a 50% bandwidth
reduction, one can be certain
it will not be long when most
of the new equipment will be
HEVC compatible.
How was it possible that
HVEC is so much better than
MPEG-4 which up to now we
all used to regard as state of
the art technology? And why
did the scientists and engi-
neers not invent HVEC ten
years ago when they came
up with MPEG-4?
The answer is: 10 years
ago the available processors
and memories were too weak
and too small to make this
technology feasible. To re-
duce the required bit rate by
half, an HVEC receiver has to
be equipped with a fast mul-
ti-core processor and large
and fast memories. An HEVC
decoder has to process the
signal in a number of tasks
in parallel. This is possible
because in the HEVC con-
cept, the video frames are
divided into multiple tiles and
each tile is then processed
in parallel. Moreover, HVEC
breaks video frames not into
16x16 pixel blocks like it was
in H.264, but into blocks of
64x64 pixels. One can easily
imagine that the power of the
receiver processor must be
correspondingly greater to
process bigger blocks.
We said that HEVC is pos-
sible today due to great ad-
vances in technology. Let’s
compare what was avail-
able at the time digital video
standards were and will be
published:
- 1992: IC technology > 1
micron, memory >50$/MB,
processor 500 MHz
- 2003: IC technology < 0.1
micron, memory <50$/GB,
processor ~3 GHz single-core
- 2013: IC technology 14
nm, memory <5$/GB, pro-
cessor ~3 GHz multi-core
So, were the authors of
digital video standards in-
fluenced by the solar cycle
or rather by advances in
technology? I think the an-
swer is now clear. And is the
HEVC/H.265 the end of the
road or they will invent and
standardize yet another more
efficient compression stand-
ard in the future? Ask me in
11 years.
MPEG-2 (H.262) MPEG-4 (H.264) HVEC (H.265)
SD (480i/576i) 2.5-3.5 Mbps 1.5-2.5 Mbps 0.8-1.5 Mbps
HD (1080i) 12-18 Mbps 6-9 Mbps 3-4.5 Mbps
UHD (2160p) 12-18 Mbps 6-9 Mbps