This document provides an overview of a foundation course on information technology. It covers topics such as networks, the internet, internet services, web pages, connecting to the internet, online applications, effects and threats of the internet, and ways to minimize ill effects. It also discusses information legal literacy, open source software, licenses, and popular open source programs.

1. Foundation Course
on
Information Technology
Ankit Rajpal
Assistant Professor
Dept. of Computer Science
DDUC

2. UNIT 4- Internet, Security & Legal Aspects
Topics to be covered
Network, Internet, History – important people, events and agencies
Major Internet Services – WWW, Email , File Transfer, Chat, Instant Messaging WWW Web Page - Linked Pages, URL, Websites, Browser, connecting to Internet – Dial Up, LAN,
WiFi, Mobile.
Popular Online Applications - social networking, e-ticketing, e-banking, bill pay and epayment etc.
The ill effects of Internet
-virus, malware, spam, phishing, copyright, cybercrime, addiction, health issues,
environmental impact, plagiarism , emotional torture, abuse, defamation.
Ways to minimize ill effects
-Improved search, Back up, Password management, Encryption, digital signature, net
etiquettes
Information Legal Literacy
- IT Act 2000 : Offenses and penalties
Copyright and problems thereof; Open Source Philosophy, Licensing of Open source,
Open source development
Popular Open source software
- Linux, Open office, Gimp, Mobile apps

3. Network and Internet
A network connects computers, or
other devices (like printers) together
either by cables or wirelessly by radio
or infrared signals.
The purpose of a network is to:
1. File Sharing
2. Resource Sharing
3. Communication and Collaboration.
4. Remote Access
The Internet is an abbreviation for
interconnection of networks. The
Internet is itself a type of network.

4. Types of Network

5. Local Area Network
 Group of computers and
associated devices that
share
a
common
communications line or
wireless link.
 Connected devices share
the resources of a single
processor or server within a
small geographic area .
 A LAN may serve as few as
two or three users or as
many as thousands of users.

6. Local Area Network

7. Wide Area Network: Network
Wide Area
 The WAN is a communications network that makes use of existing
technology to connect local computer networks into a larger
working network that may cover both national and international
locations.
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8. Metropolitan Area Network
 A metropolitan area network (MAN) is a network that
interconnects users with computer resources in a geographic
area or region larger than that covered by even a large local
area network but smaller than the area covered by a wide
area network (WAN).
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9. Major Internet Services
WWW : The World Wide Web, or simply Web, is a way of accessing
information over the medium of the Internet. It is an informationsharing model that is built on top of the Internet. The Web uses the
HTTP protocol, only one of the languages spoken over the Internet, to
transmit data.
Email : the transmission of messages over communications networks.
The messages can be notes entered from the keyboard or electronic
files stored on disk.
File Transfer Protocol (FTP) : is a standard network protocol used to
transfer files from one host to another host over a TCP-based network,
such as the Internet.
Instant Messaging (IM) : a type of communications service that
enables you to create a kind of private chat room with another
individual in order to communicate in real time over the Internet,
analogous to a telephone conversation but using text-based, not voicebased, communication.
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10. Webpage
 Every Web page is identified by a unique URL (Uniform
Resource Locator) : it is the global address of documents and
other resources on the World Wide Web.

11. Types of Web Browsers
Browsers can be roughly divided into two types:
• Text Browsers and
• Graphical Browsers.

12. Connecting to Internet
 Dial-Up Networking : an analog Internet connection is both
economical and slow. Using a modem connected to your PC,
users connect to the Internet when the computer dials a
phone number (which is provided by your ISP) and connects
to the network.
 DSL – Digital Subscriber Line: service is delivered
simultaneously with wired telephone service -- it will not tie
up your phone line as an analog dial-up connection does. The
two main categories of DSL for home subscribers are called
ADSL and SDSL.

13. Connecting to Internet
 Cable Broadband Internet Connection : a broadband Internet
connection that is designed to operate over cable TV lines.
 WiFi : is the name of a popular wireless networking
technology that uses radio waves to provide wireless highspeed Internet and network connections. A common
misconception is that the term Wi-Fi is short for "wireless
fidelity“.
 Mobile Internet : The first wireless Internet access became
available in 1991 as part of the second generation (2G) of
mobile phone technology. Higher speeds became available in
2001 and 2006 as part of the third (3G) and fourth (4G)
generations.

14. Popular Online Applications
Social Networking
E-Ticketing

15. Popular Online Applications
E-Bill Payment
E-banking

16. Popular Online Applications
E-Bill Payment
E-banking

17. Ill Effects of Internet
Virus: Software code which is programmed
to replicate itself by copying itself onto
other programs stored on user’s computer,
which causes a slow down, or even makes
the computer non-functional.
Malware: Piece of software (commonly
known as virus) created with bad intention
to perform an unauthorized and often
harmful action on the users of computers.
Spam: Sending of identical message (in form
of e-mail) in bulk over the internet to mail
users who may not like to receive them.
Phishing: When cybercriminals try to get
sensitive information from you, like credit
card numbers and passwords. Some specific
techniques include spear phishing (targets
specific people or departments), whale
phishing (targets important people like
CEOs), and SMiShing (phishing via text
message.)

18. Important Terms of Internet
Copyright: Set of rules, framed as laws, meant
to provide protection to the authors or
creators of ‘original works’, which includes
works of drama, music, literature, art and
certain other intellectual creations in both
published and unpublished category.
Cybercrime: Some forms of the cyber crimes
are listed below:• Generating spam mails.
• Cyber terrorism.
• Hacking.
• Phishing/ Fraud.
• Drug Trafficking.
• Disseminating/ sending obscene or
offensive messages via chat/emails, blog.
• publishing websites with obscene or
offensive content.
Plagiarism

19. Threats of Internet

20. Internet Addiction
• Internet – The New Way of
Communication
• A Growing Epidemic
• Internet Addiction Disorders

21. Internet Addiction Disorder (IAD)
• Internet addiction disorder (IAD) is excessive
computer use that interferes with daily life.
• IAD was originally proposed as a disorder by Ivan
Goldberg in 1995.
• He took pathological gambling as diagnosed by the
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-IV) as his model for the description of IAD.

22. Type-Subtypes of IAD
•
•
•
•
•
Online Games
Chat Rooms
Cyber – Sex
Blogging
Shopping addiction

23. Symptoms of IAD
• Constantly thinking and talking about
internet
• Not being able to limit time online
• Prefer online communication rather than
real one, etc.

24. Problems of Internet Addiction
• Ruined marriages and dating
relationships,
• Ruined parent-child relationships,
• Close friendships
• Neglecting family activities, social
events, work, school.

25. Academic Problems
•
•
•
•
•
•
Decline in study habits
Significant drop in grades
Missed classes
Surfing irrelevant web sites
Engage in chat room gossip
Playing interactive games at the cost of
productive activity

26. Ways to minimize the Ill Effects
• Improved Search, Filter irrelevant sites:

27. Effective Search on Internet

28. Effective Search on Internet

29. Effective Search on Internet

30. Effective Search on Internet

31. Effective Search on Internet

32. Effective Search on Internet

33. Effective Search on Internet

34. Ways to deal with Ill Effects of Internet
Backup: Copying and archiving of computer data so that it may be used to restore the
original after a data loss event.
Password manager : software that helps a user organize passwords and PIN codes. The
software typically has a local database or a file that holds the encrypted password data for
secure logon onto computers, networks, web sites and application data files.
Encryption: process of encoding messages (or information) in such a way that hackers
cannot read it, but that authorized parties can. In an encryption scheme, the message or
information (referred to as plaintext) is encrypted using an encryption algorithm, turning
it into an unreadable ciphertext.
Digital signature: mathematical scheme for demonstrating the authenticity of a digital
message or document. A valid digital signature gives a recipient reason to believe that the
message was created by a known sender, such that the sender cannot deny having sent
the message (authentication and non-repudiation). Digital signatures are commonly used
for financial transactions and where it is important to detect forgery.
Net Etiquettes…..

35. Information Legal Literacy
• The Information Technology Act (or The IT
Act) which came into effect in 2000, is the
legal recognition of electronic transactions
in India. It provides legal support to the
computer users against cyber crimes.
• Substantial amendments have been made
to the IT Act 2000 through the IT
Amendment Act 2008, which was
approved by both the houses of the Indian
Parliament in Dec 2008.

36. Licenses: GPL
The GNU General Public License (GNU GPL or GPL) is the most widely
used free software license, which guarantees end users (individuals,
organizations, companies) the freedoms to use, study, share (copy),
and modify the software. Software that ensures that these rights are
retained is called free software. General Public License v3
• Created by Richard Stallman
• Fundamental example of an open-source license.
• Highly restrictive.

37. What is open source?
• Source code is free to look at.
• Compiled application is (typically) free to use.
• Licensed under one of many OSS licenses.
• Licenses are typically GPL compatible.

38. Popular Open source software
• Linux Kernel
• BSD (Berkeley Software Distribution) -Derived Operating
Systems
• Mozilla Firefox
• OpenOffice.org
• Apache Web Server
• Many, Many, Many more

39. Contributors to open source