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Pancreatitis NCM 103
The document discusses pancreatitis, which can be acute or chronic. Acute pancreatitis ranges from mild to severe and life-threatening, while chronic pancreatitis often goes undetected until significant tissue damage has occurred. The causes include gallstones obstructing the pancreatic duct, alcohol use, viral or bacterial infections, trauma, and other genetic or metabolic factors. Symptoms include severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, fever, and hypotension. Diagnosis involves blood tests showing elevated pancreatic enzymes and imaging tests. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms, preventing complications through intravenous fluids and nutrition, and treating any underlying causes.
Ischemic colitis medical condition .pptx
medical condition characterized by inadequate blood supply to the large intestine leading to inflammation and injury of the colon
liver disease.pptx
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) results from overconsumption of alcohol and can progress from fatty liver to alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis. It is more common in men who consume 60-80 grams of alcohol per day for 20+ years or women who consume 20 grams per day. Symptoms may not appear initially but can include abdominal pain, fatigue, nausea and vomiting. Treatment involves complete abstinence from alcohol, nutrition supplementation to address deficiencies, medications like prednisone for alcoholic hepatitis, and potentially liver transplantation for end-stage disease.
Pancreatitis topic for nursing students
The document discusses pancreatitis, including defining acute pancreatitis as an inflammation of the pancreas that can range from mild edema to severe hemorrhagic necrosis. It outlines causes such as gallstones and alcohol, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations like abdominal pain and vomiting, potential complications, diagnostic tests, treatment including pain management and nutritional support, and discusses chronic pancreatitis.
The pancreas.ppt
The pancreas develops from ventral and dorsal buds that fuse during gestation. It has both exocrine and endocrine functions. Acute pancreatitis is commonly caused by gallstones or alcohol and results from premature activation of pancreatic enzymes within the pancreas, leading to autodigestion. It can range from mild to severe, with severe cases involving hemorrhage and necrosis. Treatment is usually initially conservative but surgery may be needed for complications or failure to improve.
Acute Cholecystitis
Acute cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder most commonly caused by a gallstone blocking the cystic duct (90-95% of cases). It presents with right upper quadrant pain, fever, nausea, and a positive Murphy's sign on examination. Diagnosis is made using ultrasound and blood tests showing leukocytosis. Treatment involves antibiotics, pain control, and early laparoscopic cholecystectomy within 1 week to prevent complications like gangrenous cholecystitis or gallbladder perforation. Conservative management with cholecystectomy delayed 4-6 weeks is also an option for mild cases.
ACUTE PANCREATITIS
Acute Pancreatitis , IFNMU , UKRAINE
note:
if any changes and ideas please let me me know at lsmuraj93@gmail.com
Alcoholic liver disease [autosaved]
Alcoholic liver disease is caused by overconsumption of alcohol which damages the liver. It ranges from fatty liver to alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis. Symptoms vary depending on the stage of disease. Diagnosis involves liver function tests, imaging and biopsy. Complications include portal hypertension, ascites, and hepatic encephalopathy. Treatment focuses on abstinence from alcohol, nutrition supplementation to address deficiencies, medications for complications, and liver transplantation in severe cases.
Recommended
Pancreatitis NCM 103
The document discusses pancreatitis, which can be acute or chronic. Acute pancreatitis ranges from mild to severe and life-threatening, while chronic pancreatitis often goes undetected until significant tissue damage has occurred. The causes include gallstones obstructing the pancreatic duct, alcohol use, viral or bacterial infections, trauma, and other genetic or metabolic factors. Symptoms include severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, fever, and hypotension. Diagnosis involves blood tests showing elevated pancreatic enzymes and imaging tests. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms, preventing complications through intravenous fluids and nutrition, and treating any underlying causes.
Ischemic colitis medical condition .pptx
medical condition characterized by inadequate blood supply to the large intestine leading to inflammation and injury of the colon
liver disease.pptx
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) results from overconsumption of alcohol and can progress from fatty liver to alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis. It is more common in men who consume 60-80 grams of alcohol per day for 20+ years or women who consume 20 grams per day. Symptoms may not appear initially but can include abdominal pain, fatigue, nausea and vomiting. Treatment involves complete abstinence from alcohol, nutrition supplementation to address deficiencies, medications like prednisone for alcoholic hepatitis, and potentially liver transplantation for end-stage disease.
Pancreatitis topic for nursing students
The document discusses pancreatitis, including defining acute pancreatitis as an inflammation of the pancreas that can range from mild edema to severe hemorrhagic necrosis. It outlines causes such as gallstones and alcohol, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations like abdominal pain and vomiting, potential complications, diagnostic tests, treatment including pain management and nutritional support, and discusses chronic pancreatitis.
The pancreas.ppt
The pancreas develops from ventral and dorsal buds that fuse during gestation. It has both exocrine and endocrine functions. Acute pancreatitis is commonly caused by gallstones or alcohol and results from premature activation of pancreatic enzymes within the pancreas, leading to autodigestion. It can range from mild to severe, with severe cases involving hemorrhage and necrosis. Treatment is usually initially conservative but surgery may be needed for complications or failure to improve.
Acute Cholecystitis
Acute cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder most commonly caused by a gallstone blocking the cystic duct (90-95% of cases). It presents with right upper quadrant pain, fever, nausea, and a positive Murphy's sign on examination. Diagnosis is made using ultrasound and blood tests showing leukocytosis. Treatment involves antibiotics, pain control, and early laparoscopic cholecystectomy within 1 week to prevent complications like gangrenous cholecystitis or gallbladder perforation. Conservative management with cholecystectomy delayed 4-6 weeks is also an option for mild cases.
ACUTE PANCREATITIS
Acute Pancreatitis , IFNMU , UKRAINE
note:
if any changes and ideas please let me me know at lsmuraj93@gmail.com
Alcoholic liver disease [autosaved]
Alcoholic liver disease is caused by overconsumption of alcohol which damages the liver. It ranges from fatty liver to alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis. Symptoms vary depending on the stage of disease. Diagnosis involves liver function tests, imaging and biopsy. Complications include portal hypertension, ascites, and hepatic encephalopathy. Treatment focuses on abstinence from alcohol, nutrition supplementation to address deficiencies, medications for complications, and liver transplantation in severe cases.
Acute pancreatitis
The document provides information on acute pancreatitis including:
1. It describes the types of acute pancreatitis as mild or severe and discusses the Atlanta classification system.
2. The clinical presentation, complications, pathogenesis, and investigations for acute pancreatitis are summarized. Common symptoms include severe abdominal pain while complications can include systemic effects, local pancreatic complications, or respiratory issues.
3. The document outlines the evaluation of a patient with suspected acute pancreatitis including signs on history, examination findings, and initial laboratory tests to check for signs of inflammation, organ dysfunction, or systemic effects.
Pancreatitis.ppt
1) Acute pancreatitis is an inflammation of the pancreas that results from digestive enzymes activating prematurely inside the pancreas. The two most common causes are alcohol abuse and gallstones. Symptoms include severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and elevated blood levels of pancreatic enzymes. Complications can include shock, respiratory failure, and infection.
2) Chronic pancreatitis is long-standing inflammation that destroys the pancreas over time, reducing its ability to produce digestive enzymes. It commonly results from recurrent acute pancreatitis, alcoholism, or gallstones. Symptoms include abdominal pain and digestive problems like steatorrhea from reduced enzyme production.
3) Both conditions involve inflammation and damage to the pancreas from premature
Acute pancreatitis 1
This document discusses the management and complications of acute pancreatitis. For mild cases, the disease is usually self-limiting and resolves within a week with conservative treatment like analgesics and IV fluids. Severe cases require intensive care monitoring and aggressive rehydration. Systemic complications can affect various organ systems in the first week while local complications like pancreatic necrosis and pseudocysts usually develop after the first week. Infected necrosis has a high mortality rate and requires percutaneous or surgical drainage. Pseudocysts are managed with endoscopic or surgical drainage depending on their size and complications.
Liver cirrhosis
Cirrhosis is scarring of the liver caused by long-term liver damage and inflammation. It is irreversible and can develop from conditions like hepatitis, alcoholism, and genetic disorders. As fibrosis worsens and liver tissue is replaced by scar tissue, it loses its normal structure and function. Late-stage cirrhosis complications include jaundice, ascites, bleeding, and liver failure. While cirrhosis cannot be cured, treatments focus on managing complications and underlying causes through lifestyle changes and medications. In some severe cases, liver transplantation may be required to survive.
Ischemic bowel disease
Intestinal ischemia can affect both the small intestine and colon. Acute small intestine ischemia is commonly caused by arterial occlusion from emboli or thrombus, while chronic cases are usually due to vasospasm. Risk factors include atrial fibrillation. Acute colonic ischemia typically affects elderly individuals and is often non-occlusive in nature. Clinical features include abdominal pain and tenderness as well as bloody diarrhea. Later findings include abdominal distension and decreased bowel sounds. Diagnosis involves history, exam, imaging studies, and angiography. Treatment involves thrombolysis, embolectomy, or resection depending on the severity and chronicity of the ischemia.
Nephrotic Syndrome- The mulas-1.ppt
Nephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder characterized by heavy protein in the urine, low blood protein levels, fluid retention causing edema, and high cholesterol. It is caused by damage to the glomeruli in the kidneys, which allows protein to pass into the urine. Common causes include infections, cancers, autoimmune diseases, medications, and genetic factors. Symptoms include generalized edema, fatigue, loss of appetite, and shortness of breath. Diagnosis involves blood and urine tests to detect low protein and high protein in the urine. Treatment focuses on reducing edema with diuretics, lowering blood pressure and proteinuria with ACE inhibitors, and using steroids to reduce inflammation in some cases.
Ascites
Cirrhosis is the most common cause of ascites, which is an accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity. Ascites occurs due to increased portal pressure and sodium retention as a result of vasodilation and reduced arterial blood flow in cirrhosis. Diagnosis involves abdominal examination, ultrasound, and diagnostic paracentesis of ascitic fluid. Treatment involves restricting sodium and fluid intake, diuretics, and repeated paracentesis. Refractory ascites is difficult to manage and may require transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt placement or liver transplantation.
APPROACH TO PATIENT WITH ASCITES.pptx
Cirrhosis is the most common cause of ascites, accounting for over 75% of cases. Ascites develops due to portal hypertension and sodium and water retention. Evaluation involves history, physical exam, ultrasound, and paracentesis. Management consists of dietary sodium restriction, diuretics, and large volume paracentesis for refractory ascites. Complications include spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, renal failure, and hepatorenal syndrome. Prognosis depends on underlying liver function and response to treatment.
Bohomolets Surgery 4th year Lecture #4
This document provides an overview of acute pancreatitis, including:
1. It discusses the pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis, including local effects within the pancreas and general systemic effects involving multiple organ systems.
2. The most common causes of acute pancreatitis are gallstones and alcohol consumption. Radiology findings and severity scores can help assess prognosis.
3. Treatment involves pain relief, fluid resuscitation for shock, and monitoring for complications like necrosis which may require drainage or necrosectomy.
Hepatic disorder ! Cirrhosis, Jaundice
1. Hepatic disorders refer to diseases that affect the liver including jaundice, cirrhosis, portal hypertension, ascites, and hepatic encephalopathy.
2. Jaundice is a condition where the skin and eyes become yellow due to high bilirubin levels in the blood and can be caused by liver damage or blockages in the bile ducts.
3. Cirrhosis is a late stage of scarring of the liver caused by various conditions like hepatitis or alcoholism that disrupts liver structure and function. It can lead to complications like portal hypertension and ascites.
acute pancreatitis
Based on current evidence and guidelines, enforced bed rest is no longer recommended for acute pancreatitis. The goals of treatment are to provide pain management and fluid resuscitation, prevent/treat complications, and maintain adequate nutrition while minimizing pancreatic stimulation. Resting the gut by withholding oral intake until symptoms resolve is still recommended, but complete bed rest does not provide additional benefits and may even be harmful by risking complications from immobility. Nurses should focus on supportive care, monitoring for complications, and early mobilization as tolerated.
Cirrhosis and its complications
This document discusses various types of cirrhosis including alcoholic cirrhosis, cirrhosis due to viral hepatitis, autoimmune hepatitis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, biliary cirrhosis, and cardiac cirrhosis. It covers the pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of alcoholic cirrhosis in detail. For other types of cirrhosis, it focuses on their causes and management of complications, which are generally similar regardless of the underlying etiology of cirrhosis. The main complications discussed are ascites, variceal bleeding, and hepatic encephalopathy.
Acute pancreatitis by sameen
The document discusses acute pancreatitis, including its causes, signs and symptoms, methods of diagnosis, severity scoring systems, and approaches to treatment. It notes that acute pancreatitis can range from mild to severe and sometimes leads to complications like pancreatic pseudocysts or abscesses if not properly treated. Treatment involves pain management, fluid resuscitation, nutritional support, antibiotics if infected, and sometimes surgery for gallstone removal or infected necrosis.
Acute pancreatitis
This document provides an overview of acute pancreatitis, including:
- The epidemiology, with higher rates in certain countries and among males and older populations. Alcohol and gallstones are leading causes.
- The pathophysiology, involving premature activation of digestive enzymes in the pancreas causing self-digestion and inflammation.
- Clinical presentation typically includes severe abdominal pain that is relieved by forward leaning or sitting, as well as nausea, vomiting, and fever.
- Diagnosis is based on abdominal pain, elevated pancreatic enzymes, and imaging findings. Severity is classified by organ dysfunction.
- Treatment focuses on supportive care, pain management, and treating any underlying causes or complications like infections. Prognosis depends on
Acute pancreatitis
Acute pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas that results from premature activation of pancreatic enzymes. It commonly presents with severe upper abdominal pain requiring hospital admission. The pathophysiology involves release of enzymes that damage pancreatic and surrounding tissues through increased capillary permeability, cell membrane destruction, and fat necrosis. Treatment focuses on fluid management, nutritional support, pain control, and supporting other organ systems to prevent complications like respiratory failure and multi-organ dysfunction.
Acute pancreatitis kollol
The document discusses acute pancreatitis, defining it as inflammation of the pancreas induced by activation of pancreatic enzymes. It describes the various causes including biliary tract diseases, alcohol use, viral infections, drugs, trauma, and idiopathic causes. Symptoms include severe epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting, and fever. Laboratory tests can show elevated amylase and lipase levels. Treatment focuses on pain relief, fluid resuscitation, suppressing pancreatic enzymes, and treating complications such as pseudocysts and abscesses. Prognosis depends on factors like the Ranson score and presence of organ failure.
Pancreatitis.pptx
The pancreas is a retroperitoneal organ divided into a head, neck, body, and tail. It has both exocrine and endocrine functions. The exocrine part secretes pancreatic juice to aid digestion, while the endocrine part contains islets of Langerhans that secrete insulin and glucagon. Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas that can be acute or chronic. Acute pancreatitis commonly results from gallstones or alcohol and causes abdominal pain. Chronic pancreatitis is characterized by irreversible pancreatic tissue damage that can lead to diabetes and malnutrition over time. Treatment involves pain management, nutritional support, and sometimes surgery.
Pancreatitis
Ultrasound is useful for evaluating the pancreas and detecting complications of acute and chronic pancreatitis. In acute pancreatitis, ultrasound can identify changes in the pancreas such as areas of hypoechogenicity and peripancreatic inflammation. Complications like pseudocysts and vascular thromboses are also detectable. Chronic pancreatitis is characterized on ultrasound by ductal dilatation, calcifications, and changes in pancreatic echotexture. Differentiating chronic pancreatitis from pancreatic cancer can be challenging. CT or MRI may be needed when ultrasound findings are inconclusive or to further evaluate necrosis in acute pancreatitis.
Acute pancreatitis
"Love is like pancreatitis; it starts off slow, then builds in intensity until you become consumed and develop violent cramps." Dana Gould
Acute Pancreatitis
This document provides an overview of pancreatitis, including its types, causes, symptoms, diagnostic assessments, severity classifications, treatment approaches, and complications. Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas and can be acute or chronic. Acute pancreatitis presents as severe abdominal pain and elevated pancreatic enzymes. It can range from mild to severe, with severe cases involving organ failure. Common causes include gallstones, alcohol use, and post-ERCP. Treatment involves fluid resuscitation, analgesics, antibiotics, and nutritional support, with surgery for complications like necrosis or pseudocyst.
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Similar to Fatty liver power point medicine medical
Acute pancreatitis
The document provides information on acute pancreatitis including:
1. It describes the types of acute pancreatitis as mild or severe and discusses the Atlanta classification system.
2. The clinical presentation, complications, pathogenesis, and investigations for acute pancreatitis are summarized. Common symptoms include severe abdominal pain while complications can include systemic effects, local pancreatic complications, or respiratory issues.
3. The document outlines the evaluation of a patient with suspected acute pancreatitis including signs on history, examination findings, and initial laboratory tests to check for signs of inflammation, organ dysfunction, or systemic effects.
Pancreatitis.ppt
1) Acute pancreatitis is an inflammation of the pancreas that results from digestive enzymes activating prematurely inside the pancreas. The two most common causes are alcohol abuse and gallstones. Symptoms include severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and elevated blood levels of pancreatic enzymes. Complications can include shock, respiratory failure, and infection.
2) Chronic pancreatitis is long-standing inflammation that destroys the pancreas over time, reducing its ability to produce digestive enzymes. It commonly results from recurrent acute pancreatitis, alcoholism, or gallstones. Symptoms include abdominal pain and digestive problems like steatorrhea from reduced enzyme production.
3) Both conditions involve inflammation and damage to the pancreas from premature
Acute pancreatitis 1
This document discusses the management and complications of acute pancreatitis. For mild cases, the disease is usually self-limiting and resolves within a week with conservative treatment like analgesics and IV fluids. Severe cases require intensive care monitoring and aggressive rehydration. Systemic complications can affect various organ systems in the first week while local complications like pancreatic necrosis and pseudocysts usually develop after the first week. Infected necrosis has a high mortality rate and requires percutaneous or surgical drainage. Pseudocysts are managed with endoscopic or surgical drainage depending on their size and complications.
Liver cirrhosis
Cirrhosis is scarring of the liver caused by long-term liver damage and inflammation. It is irreversible and can develop from conditions like hepatitis, alcoholism, and genetic disorders. As fibrosis worsens and liver tissue is replaced by scar tissue, it loses its normal structure and function. Late-stage cirrhosis complications include jaundice, ascites, bleeding, and liver failure. While cirrhosis cannot be cured, treatments focus on managing complications and underlying causes through lifestyle changes and medications. In some severe cases, liver transplantation may be required to survive.
Ischemic bowel disease
Intestinal ischemia can affect both the small intestine and colon. Acute small intestine ischemia is commonly caused by arterial occlusion from emboli or thrombus, while chronic cases are usually due to vasospasm. Risk factors include atrial fibrillation. Acute colonic ischemia typically affects elderly individuals and is often non-occlusive in nature. Clinical features include abdominal pain and tenderness as well as bloody diarrhea. Later findings include abdominal distension and decreased bowel sounds. Diagnosis involves history, exam, imaging studies, and angiography. Treatment involves thrombolysis, embolectomy, or resection depending on the severity and chronicity of the ischemia.
Nephrotic Syndrome- The mulas-1.ppt
Nephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder characterized by heavy protein in the urine, low blood protein levels, fluid retention causing edema, and high cholesterol. It is caused by damage to the glomeruli in the kidneys, which allows protein to pass into the urine. Common causes include infections, cancers, autoimmune diseases, medications, and genetic factors. Symptoms include generalized edema, fatigue, loss of appetite, and shortness of breath. Diagnosis involves blood and urine tests to detect low protein and high protein in the urine. Treatment focuses on reducing edema with diuretics, lowering blood pressure and proteinuria with ACE inhibitors, and using steroids to reduce inflammation in some cases.
Ascites
Cirrhosis is the most common cause of ascites, which is an accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity. Ascites occurs due to increased portal pressure and sodium retention as a result of vasodilation and reduced arterial blood flow in cirrhosis. Diagnosis involves abdominal examination, ultrasound, and diagnostic paracentesis of ascitic fluid. Treatment involves restricting sodium and fluid intake, diuretics, and repeated paracentesis. Refractory ascites is difficult to manage and may require transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt placement or liver transplantation.
APPROACH TO PATIENT WITH ASCITES.pptx
Cirrhosis is the most common cause of ascites, accounting for over 75% of cases. Ascites develops due to portal hypertension and sodium and water retention. Evaluation involves history, physical exam, ultrasound, and paracentesis. Management consists of dietary sodium restriction, diuretics, and large volume paracentesis for refractory ascites. Complications include spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, renal failure, and hepatorenal syndrome. Prognosis depends on underlying liver function and response to treatment.
Bohomolets Surgery 4th year Lecture #4
This document provides an overview of acute pancreatitis, including:
1. It discusses the pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis, including local effects within the pancreas and general systemic effects involving multiple organ systems.
2. The most common causes of acute pancreatitis are gallstones and alcohol consumption. Radiology findings and severity scores can help assess prognosis.
3. Treatment involves pain relief, fluid resuscitation for shock, and monitoring for complications like necrosis which may require drainage or necrosectomy.
Hepatic disorder ! Cirrhosis, Jaundice
1. Hepatic disorders refer to diseases that affect the liver including jaundice, cirrhosis, portal hypertension, ascites, and hepatic encephalopathy.
2. Jaundice is a condition where the skin and eyes become yellow due to high bilirubin levels in the blood and can be caused by liver damage or blockages in the bile ducts.
3. Cirrhosis is a late stage of scarring of the liver caused by various conditions like hepatitis or alcoholism that disrupts liver structure and function. It can lead to complications like portal hypertension and ascites.
acute pancreatitis
Based on current evidence and guidelines, enforced bed rest is no longer recommended for acute pancreatitis. The goals of treatment are to provide pain management and fluid resuscitation, prevent/treat complications, and maintain adequate nutrition while minimizing pancreatic stimulation. Resting the gut by withholding oral intake until symptoms resolve is still recommended, but complete bed rest does not provide additional benefits and may even be harmful by risking complications from immobility. Nurses should focus on supportive care, monitoring for complications, and early mobilization as tolerated.
Cirrhosis and its complications
This document discusses various types of cirrhosis including alcoholic cirrhosis, cirrhosis due to viral hepatitis, autoimmune hepatitis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, biliary cirrhosis, and cardiac cirrhosis. It covers the pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of alcoholic cirrhosis in detail. For other types of cirrhosis, it focuses on their causes and management of complications, which are generally similar regardless of the underlying etiology of cirrhosis. The main complications discussed are ascites, variceal bleeding, and hepatic encephalopathy.
Acute pancreatitis by sameen
The document discusses acute pancreatitis, including its causes, signs and symptoms, methods of diagnosis, severity scoring systems, and approaches to treatment. It notes that acute pancreatitis can range from mild to severe and sometimes leads to complications like pancreatic pseudocysts or abscesses if not properly treated. Treatment involves pain management, fluid resuscitation, nutritional support, antibiotics if infected, and sometimes surgery for gallstone removal or infected necrosis.
Acute pancreatitis
This document provides an overview of acute pancreatitis, including:
- The epidemiology, with higher rates in certain countries and among males and older populations. Alcohol and gallstones are leading causes.
- The pathophysiology, involving premature activation of digestive enzymes in the pancreas causing self-digestion and inflammation.
- Clinical presentation typically includes severe abdominal pain that is relieved by forward leaning or sitting, as well as nausea, vomiting, and fever.
- Diagnosis is based on abdominal pain, elevated pancreatic enzymes, and imaging findings. Severity is classified by organ dysfunction.
- Treatment focuses on supportive care, pain management, and treating any underlying causes or complications like infections. Prognosis depends on
Acute pancreatitis
Acute pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas that results from premature activation of pancreatic enzymes. It commonly presents with severe upper abdominal pain requiring hospital admission. The pathophysiology involves release of enzymes that damage pancreatic and surrounding tissues through increased capillary permeability, cell membrane destruction, and fat necrosis. Treatment focuses on fluid management, nutritional support, pain control, and supporting other organ systems to prevent complications like respiratory failure and multi-organ dysfunction.
Acute pancreatitis kollol
The document discusses acute pancreatitis, defining it as inflammation of the pancreas induced by activation of pancreatic enzymes. It describes the various causes including biliary tract diseases, alcohol use, viral infections, drugs, trauma, and idiopathic causes. Symptoms include severe epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting, and fever. Laboratory tests can show elevated amylase and lipase levels. Treatment focuses on pain relief, fluid resuscitation, suppressing pancreatic enzymes, and treating complications such as pseudocysts and abscesses. Prognosis depends on factors like the Ranson score and presence of organ failure.
Pancreatitis.pptx
The pancreas is a retroperitoneal organ divided into a head, neck, body, and tail. It has both exocrine and endocrine functions. The exocrine part secretes pancreatic juice to aid digestion, while the endocrine part contains islets of Langerhans that secrete insulin and glucagon. Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas that can be acute or chronic. Acute pancreatitis commonly results from gallstones or alcohol and causes abdominal pain. Chronic pancreatitis is characterized by irreversible pancreatic tissue damage that can lead to diabetes and malnutrition over time. Treatment involves pain management, nutritional support, and sometimes surgery.
Pancreatitis
Ultrasound is useful for evaluating the pancreas and detecting complications of acute and chronic pancreatitis. In acute pancreatitis, ultrasound can identify changes in the pancreas such as areas of hypoechogenicity and peripancreatic inflammation. Complications like pseudocysts and vascular thromboses are also detectable. Chronic pancreatitis is characterized on ultrasound by ductal dilatation, calcifications, and changes in pancreatic echotexture. Differentiating chronic pancreatitis from pancreatic cancer can be challenging. CT or MRI may be needed when ultrasound findings are inconclusive or to further evaluate necrosis in acute pancreatitis.
Acute pancreatitis
"Love is like pancreatitis; it starts off slow, then builds in intensity until you become consumed and develop violent cramps." Dana Gould
Acute Pancreatitis
This document provides an overview of pancreatitis, including its types, causes, symptoms, diagnostic assessments, severity classifications, treatment approaches, and complications. Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas and can be acute or chronic. Acute pancreatitis presents as severe abdominal pain and elevated pancreatic enzymes. It can range from mild to severe, with severe cases involving organ failure. Common causes include gallstones, alcohol use, and post-ERCP. Treatment involves fluid resuscitation, analgesics, antibiotics, and nutritional support, with surgery for complications like necrosis or pseudocyst.
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Medical Quiz ( Online Quiz for API Meet 2024 ).pdf
Fatty liver power point medicine medical
- 3. Fatty change, or steatosis is the accumulation of fatty acids in liver cells. Alcoholism causes development of large fatty globules (macro vesicular steatosis) throughout the liver and can begin to occur after a few days of heavy drinking. Alcohol is metabolized by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) into Acetaldehyde Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) into acetic acid, which is finally oxidized into carbon dioxide (CO2) and water ( H2O). A higher NADH concentration induces fatty acid synthesis while a decreased NAD level results in decreased fatty acid oxidation. triglycerides accumulate, resulting in fatty liver
- 4. 80% of alcohol passes through the liver to be detoxified. Chronic consumption of alcohol results in the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, Interleukin 6 [IL6] and Interleukin 8 [IL8]), oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and acetaldehyde toxicity.
- 22. Appendicitis is a common surgical emergency with a varied clinical presentation Several patient groups are at high risk of misdiagnosis
- 23. Anatomic Aspects Blind pouch off of cecum Contains lymphoid tissue which peaks in adolescence, atrophies with age Function still unclear Appendix can be anywhere within peritoneal cavity One study showed 65 % retrocecal, 31 % pelvic
- 31. PATHOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS Appendix lumen obstruction leads to congestion within the appendix Inflammatory exudate and mucous increases luminal pressure Initial stage might resolve in some patients Appendix may distend with mucus- mucocele
- 37. Classic Presentation Seen in 60 % Anorexia Periumbilical pain, nausea, vomiting RLQ pain developing over 24 hrs. Anorexia and pain are most frequent Usually nausea, sometimes vomiting Diarrhea, esp. with pelvic location Usually tender to palpation Rebound is a later finding
- 41. APPENDICITIS COMPLICATIONS Gangrenous Appendicitis: Thrombosis of the appendiceal artery and veins Perforation: complication rates 58 % perforation rate increased at both ends of the age spectrum Peri-appendiceal abscess: most frequent complication peri-appendiceal fibrinous adhesions
- 42. Peritonitis: Bacterial peritonitis in absence of fibrinous adhesions. Escherichia coli Bowel Obstruction Septic seeding of mesenteric vessels infection along the mesenteric–portal venous system pylephlebitis, pylethrombosis, or hepatic abscess