Fall Of Icarus

Fall Of Icarus
The Fall of Icarus by Pieter Breugel The greek myth of Icarus begins with Icarus and his father Daedalus are imprisoned in Crete. Daedalus decides
to create wings made of wax so that Icarus can fly and find help to get them out of jail. Before Icarus leaves his father, Daedalus warns him not to
fly too low, the water will make his wings too heavy; and not to fly too high for the sun will melt his wings. Unfortunately, Icarus is so excited to be
able to fly, he forgets his father's warning and flies too close to the sun, which makes his wax wings melt. Icarus then plummets to the ocean and
drowns. In Pieter Breugel's painting, Icarus is drowning in the water but no one seems to notice him at all. In fact the paint shows more the daily
activities of the people more clearly than Icarus drowning. Looking at the time that this was painted, it is noticed that people were more interested in...
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In the painting, all of the people are only aware of what they are doing and their personal task at hand. Icarus is not a concern for any of the other
people, showing they have great self awareness. Breugel wants to show that Icarus drowning is no one's concern except that of Icarus. In the poem
"Landscape with the Fall of Icarus" by William Carlos Williams, he talks about the self awareness of the people surrounding Icarus's fall: "According
to Brueghel/ when Icarus fell/ it was spring/ a farmer was ploughing his field/ the whole pageantry/ of the year was/ awake tingling near the edge of
the sea/concerned with itself/ sweating in the sun that melted/ the wings' wax/ insignificantly the coast there was/ a splash quite unnoticed this was
Icarus drowning."(www.poet.org). The quote "concerned with itself" refers to the rest of the audience of the painting only concerned with themselves
instead of Icarus's fate of
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The Italian Renaissance And The Renaissance
The Italian Renaissance was an explosion of art, writing, and thought, that roughly lasted between 1300 to 1600. In this time each citizen, countrymen,
or villager had and performed different jobs and careers. Humanism the study of Greek and Roman writings, art, and architecture, initially jump started
the Renaissance, and the need for art. Artists now were inspired to use life like art and linear perspective, so art seemed and was more realistic. The
start of the Italian Renaissance was the start of a new world and culture for Europe.
During the Italian Renaissance the citizens and people of Italy were just now changing their mindsets on life. There was a celebration of life and the
human spirit by survivors of the Bubonic Plague ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
First, the Italian artists and scholars pulled inspiration from the Roman ruins that surrounded them. Second, western scholars studied ancient Latin
writings and manuscripts that over the years were preserved in monasteries. Third, when the Turks conquered Constantinople in 1453, Christian
scholars fled with Greek manuscripts to Rome.
This new study of the ancient world led to humanism. Humanism was an intellectual movement that focused on human achievements and potential.
Humanists studied the classic texts to understand ancient Greek values. The word humanist and humanism come from the Latin word humanitas, which
refers to the literary culture that every educated person should possess. Humanists study subjects common to classical education; such as history,
literature, and philosophy along with rhetoric. These subjects are considered the Humanities. These classical traditions were passed on by humanists to
artists and architects.
The advantage that Italy had was the smaller city–states. The smaller city–states allowed more citizens to be involved in politics besides the arts.
Humanism suggested that a person can enjoy life without offending God. The wealthy enjoyed good music, fine foods, and material luxuries. Now the
spirit of the Renaissance was secular meaning worldly. Italians were concerned with the "here and now" and moved away from the church and pope.
But along with the Italians the church leaders also lived in beautiful mansions, and

Ancient Greek Comedy Research Paper
A form of theatre that originated in ancient Greece in a truly influential and notable way was Ancient Greek Comedy. This aspect of the theatre was
performed throughout the vast majority of Greece as of 6th century BC. In addition, the comedy in this style of theatre is a counterpart to two other
principles, tragedy and satyr plays. Furthermore, Ancient Greek Comedy is branched into three distinct time periods of its own, consisting of Old,
Middle, and New Comedy. These different periods of Ancient Greek Comedy differentiated in the various features of which were apparent in each of
them, impacting the future of contemporary comedy. The origination of Athenian Greek Comedy is primarily uncertain concerning the whereabouts of
its ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This first era of comedy had close relations of the same characteristics a tragedy play would consist of. This included actors in masks, choral dances,
structures of scenery on stage, and the Attic Greek dramatic style. As consequence of these similarities, the comedic dramatic form had gained
popularity in its ingenious dialogues and elegant poetic composition. In doing this, the dramatists sought to thrill the more civilized and enlightened
people of Athens during the Pericles age, and, as a result, succeeded when compared with the coinciding tragedy plays. As for dramatists of this time,
Aristophanes was notably the most significant and prominent above the rest due to his effective plays of political satire and sexual allusions. In spite
of his ridicule and mocking of distinguished celebrities, such as Socrates, and organizations, there was little survival of his playwrights, summing up to
a total of eleven plays. In particular reference of his plays, Lysistrata is one of his most striking plays that takes action against the Peloponnesian War
in an anti–military tactic of women withstanding the act of sex from men in hope of peace in the

The Odyssey Essay
Socrates, a Greek philosopher stated, "Look death in the face with joyful hope, and consider this a lasting truth: the righteous man has nothing to fear,
neither in life, nor in death, and the Gods will not forsake him" (Socrates). This explains the basis for Greek beliefs that can be carried over to values
and qualities of them. As in this, Homer, the author of TheOdyssey, portrays many Greek values that make up a righteous man or as, Homer's character
Odysseus, an epic hero. The Odyssey is the story of King Odysseus' return from the Trojan Warto his kingdom of Ithaca. Stories, like The Odyssey, are
told with the intent of delivering a message that was important to their culture. Through characters and situations, The Odyssey ... Show more content
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On the other hand, Athene tells Telemachus in regards to the suitors, " But pay no attention...for they have neither sense nor virtue, and give no
thought to death and doom that will shortly fall on one and all of them"(16). In this case, the importance of being a respectful guest is prominent, for
hospitality should follow sense and virtue. Hospitality can be misused, as shown by the suitors, which leads them to "death and doom" by Odysseus,
the host. This value that the Greek people possessed can teach and impact hospitality for everyday life.
In opposition to hospitality that people value even today, Pride and confidence, which is seen as more of an arrogant and negative notation, was most
of the time an honored characteristic that is presented through the interactions between characters. For instance, when Odysseus was challenged at the
Phoenician games by Laodamus he replies "I am a good hand at every kind of athletic sport known among mankind...I far excel everyone else in the
whole world"(78). In this situation his prideful response to Laodamus, proves himself as an excellent athlete. In this culture, pride is almost necessary
because ones pride was challenged and needed to be shown. Along this line, when Telemachus goes to visit Nestor, a lack of pride is shown as Athene
states, "Telemachus you must not be in the least bit shy or nervous...beg him to

Reflective essays
The classic tragedy, as defined by Aristotle, has six major parts. These parts include a plot, characters, theme, melody, spectacle, and language. All
stories, according to Aristotle must have a beginning, middle, and end, and must follow a logical sequence according to these six elements.
The plot is the series of events, or sequence in which the action of the play occurs. Plot must follow a cause and effect relationship, which follows a
logical pattern. Characters are the people in the play, who have certain qualities that can be determined by what they say, do and what others say about
them. The theme of the play is the general feeling or statement made by the author that presents an observation or ... Show more content on
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An enlightenment for the hero must follow at the end of the story to give us an idea that some greater good was accomplished or that some important
lesson was learned.
Oedipus demonstrates these four attributes of a tragic hero very clearly. He was a great person in that he was a prince in both Corinth and Thebes,
as well as the king of Thebes. He demonstrated high moral standards through his selfless love of Thebes, and his relentless search for the truth, as
well as his sense of responsibility for his actions. Oedipus' character flaw was said to be his hubris or excessive pride, his not knowing when to
quit and his thinking he could circumvent his fate. We also discussed in class, that perhaps he should have been more careful about who he
murdered, having a fate as he did. His downfall was obviously having to live with the knowledge of what he did, being banished and blinded by his
own hand. In his own words, "I am misery!" Oedipus realizes at the end that he is not as great as he once thought he was and that he cannot
circumvent the will of the gods. The theme of darkness and light is used throughout the play as a symbol or knowledge or enlightenment. When
Oedipus is blinded at the end he is then able to "see" the truth.
6. The theory of incongruity is a comical theory that is based on the idea that a happening does not "size–up" or "fit" the

Aristophanes Social Satire
Aristophanes
Aristophanes is known as the father of comedy. He lived around 400 BC. Aristophanes is known as the father of Greek comedy. He was probably
the greatest writer of Greek comedy. He was born into a wealthy family in Athens and was well educated. In his prime he was a great writer of plays
and is the only playwright of his time whose works of Old Comedy still survive, having written about 40 plays. Though only eleven plays survive in
their full form. At the end of his life, Aristophanes suffered through The Peloponnesian war, but his art was affected by Sparta ruling over Athens.
Aristophanes had a great impact on history, from Shakespeare, to the Renaissance, to modern times, his style and writings have touched many different
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One of the techniques that was developed greatly by Aristophanes was social satire. Social satire is where writers criticize public figures and
politicians through the use of humor. In his plays, Aristophanes would sometimes criticize public figures and politicians by using fictional people
who represent the people he is criticizing. This technique is still used today and will be used even in 2017 to criticize public figures and politicians.
I think that Aristophanes is still having a great Impact on society and on the way comedians and other writers. His techniques will be used by
comedians and other writers to make fun of politicians and other famous people around the world this year and in the future. Aristophanes has had a
great impact on history and on the way people write and use different techniques to criticize and make fun of politicians and of other people. This will
continue in the future and is all because of what he did over two thousand years ago.
Works Cited
"Aristophanes – Ancient Greece – Classical Literature."Aristophanes – Ancient Greece – Classical Literature. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Mar. 2017.
"Aristophanes Biography. "Encyclopedia of World Biography. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Mar. 2017.
Aves, Alison, Frank Northen Magill, and Christina J. Moose. Dictionary of World Biography. Chicago ; London: Fitzroy Dearborn, 1998.

Capricorn By Max Ernst, Pokal ) By Balthasar Griessmann
Artists do not create sculptures. They simply see an object and begin to mold or carve it, thus allowing that object to freely stand alone. Almost
anything can be sculpted, but what makes a good monument is its ability to tell a story or cause contemplation without words. Two pieces at the
Nelson–Atkins Museum of Art in Kansas City depict unique scenarios using lines, movement, balance, and value. "Capricorn" by Max Ernst and
"Pokal" by Balthasar Griessmann use organization of the elements of form and principles of design to both narrate and describe intense ideologies.
While both pieces have similarities such as being sculptured in–the–round and storytelling ability, the use of the elements and overall tones of the art
works give each piece a unique quality.
Max Ernst, a German artist born in the late 1890's created "Capricorn" in 1948 using a Bronze casting system. The sculpture depicts a royal family,
consisting of a man, a woman, and a small child (female). They man is sitting on what seems to be a throne, and is holding a massive cane. The
woman sits next to the man on her own chair, in a very formal upright position, while the small girl sits on the man's lap. Max Ernst titled the work
"Capricorn", which relates to astrology and a constellation, suggesting a spiritual belief. Ernst was married to Dorothea Tanning, a fellow artist, and it
is believed that the characters in the sculpture are portrayals of them. Ernst also owned several Katsina, or Zuni sprit

Greek Art Evolution
The evolution of Greek art has expanded over hundreds of years and has contributed to many artistic developments, especially in sculpture. The
depiction of the human figure has drastically changed over time from an undeveloped form to a more detailed rendering. This transformation can be
seen from Early Bronze Age figurine models to Ancient Hellenistic sculptures. Examples of early figurines are small with disproportionate and
unusual bodies while much later sculptures are large scale showing the importance of corrected bodily proportions. Tiny figures generally had the
same poses lacking facial and body definition details while later sculptures have exquisite, clear facial features, and deeply chiseled bodies. The
developments of sculptors overtime produced advancements in Greek sculpture. This can be seen especially in certain sculpture subjects like Greek
athletics, mythology, political depictions, as well as scenes of tragedy or death. Athletic Greek sculpture was an important way in which "statues were
intended to immortalize successful athletes." The development of these statues became more realistic and idealized as time progressed, especially ...
Compared to earlier periods of Greek art, figures in sculpture were represented more static and stoic. Pieces like figurines from the Early Bronze Age
showed little to no movement, drama or emotion. Figures made in earlier times were expressive but they were not idealized or had a naturalistic
representation. Hellenistic art shows natural raw qualities of deep movement that is easier to see than in early Classical Greek sculptures and even
earlier. By having a deeper depiction of subject matter, there can be an increase in the storytelling aspect of these pieces. Storytelling feeds off of
drama and emotion, just like how these Hellenistic sculptures breed a mysterious

Ancient Greek Vs. Medieval Theater
Each theatrical work reflects the culture and moment in time it is made in. The work does this by exemplifying the values and beliefs of its culture
and time. Ancient Greek theater reflects ancient Greek values and beliefs, such as the importance of the gods. Medieval theater portrays Medieval
beliefs and values, like the values of community and religion. This can be said for post–modern works as well. Post–modern theater, although it seems
fractured, reflects the culture, sub–culture, and time of its creation.
Although post–modern theater does not share all unanimous ideals, like previous theatrical works, it is still a product of one culture. The post–modern
culture seems fractured because it includes multiple different groups. This is shift from the narrower perspective, like the just Greek or just Medieval
European point of view, is due to increased communication. In the post–modern era it is much easier to communicate with anyone around the world.
With the increase of communication, especially since the ancient Greek and Medieval times, there has been in increase in sharing beliefs and values.
With more people communicating more voices can be heard. This saturates the post–modern era with different ideals, almost to the point of seeming
fractured. That is not the case though; the increasing number of different beliefs is a post–modern belief in itself. The large sum of differentiating
beliefs perpetuates one unanimous post–modern belief. This is the belief and value

Italian Influence On The Renaissance
When contemplating on the Renaissance and its place in history, immediately reflections of Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa, Michelangelo's David,
sculptures of human anatomy, philosophical treatises on the human condition, and among others populate the mind, but how did this output of great
work manage to seemingly appear almost simultaneously? Firstly, the Renaissance –a French word literally meaning "rebirth–" was an age of cultural
enrichment and achievement where the arts, sciences, and philosophy flourished largely due to the revival and revisitation of ancient Greek and roman
texts. Its period is generally dated from the early 14th to the mid–17th centuries beginning in Italy. Italy spawned the Renaissance due to its great wealth
giving ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In figure 1, titled The Plaque of Acrobats, is a painting by the French artist Pierre Penicaud is clearly influenced by humanistic and naturalistic thought
[1]. The topic of this exceptional plaque is acrobatics; however if we were to widen our scope one can understand the physical and mental agility that's
beneath the goal of brilliant skill. Acrobatics allow for the showcasing of male agility and strength highlighting the humanistic quality for pursuit of
excellence. "The use of "grisaille" accentuates the abstract aspects of the design at the expense of realism. The manipulation of anatomy for aesthetic
effect is characteristic of the mannerist style [2]." Naturalism is often confused with "realism", a style of art that focuses on realities and truth, rather
than the ideals and aesthetics. The difference between Realism and Naturalism is that realism tends to be preoccupied with the content of the art rather
than technique or methodology. This means that the primary focus is on the subject – who or what – rather than "how" it is created. "Typically, realist
artists depict common people going about their ordinary lives, rather than

Modern Culture And Culture Of The Ancient Greek Theater
Ancient Greek Theater Greece is the protГ©gГ© of theatre and in turn stands as the basis of Western theatrical tradition; as a large part of the broader
culture of theatricality and performance. In classical Greece included festivals, religious rituals, politics, law, athletics and gymnastics, music, poetry,
weddings, funerals, and symposiums. In the original culture of the Greek theatre they stressed the importance of the twelve Olympian gods, advanced
technology, theatrical stage, first actor, and rise of different genres. Due to these ideals and stresses, Greek style theatre is still prevalent today; we are
very privileged to see the growth theater had since it first started out and to see that the old ways still persist today. Back in the Classical period, 500 to
200 B.C., theatre served solely and mostly dealt with honoring their Dodekatheon (twelve gods) rather than entertaining the crowd and provoking
thought for future analysis. Arguably the theatre was the most important part of the Athenian religious and social culture where everyone who worked
extremely hard throughout the year would look forward to the month that was dedicated to one of their most venerated gods, Dionysus. Imagine living
in 400 B.C. or around there, and celebrating life for an entire month during the summer without having any obligations towards yourself, or anyone
around you. Literally this is the pursuit of happiness in people my age, working extremely hard, during the cold and tough

The Myth Of The Atlantis
Atlantis , one of the most fascinating enigmas of the past, has never ceased to fascinate and make the world dream. 2400 years after this myth was
built by the Greek philosopher Plato, researchers revived the ancient legend of this "lost paradise" myth. The origin of the myth goes back of course to
Plato who describes the Atlantis as a civilization barbaric, greedy luxury and whose decadence provoked the anger of the gods who, punishment, caused
a cataclysm that engulfs the city. But, researchers and scientists evidence prove that Atlantis is only a myth.
Naddaf, Gerard. "The Atlantis Myth: An Introduction to Plato 's LaterPhilosophy of History." Phoenix48.3 (1994): 189–209. Web. 15 July 2015.
Gerard Naddaf, is a Canadian researcher and professor of Philosophy in York University, Toronto, specializing in the origin of Presocratic and Plato
ancient Greek philosophy. In 1981, he received a diplomat of in–depth studies in Philosophy at Paris IV La Sorbonne. In 1986, he earned his Doctorate
in Philosophy at the same school. He is currently a member of the Classical Association Of Canada and Canadian Philosophical Association. One of
his famous writings is " Plato the Myth Maker". He called on the history, mythology and language back to the origin of the Greek concept of physis
and to describe its evolution. Usually translated by nature ( natura from the Latin) , the term physis played a key role in the history of philosophy as
well as his debut that in its further

Greek Language Analysis
An example of my naivetГ© lies in the domain of biblical teachers. My ideas were rebuked in James 3:1. The Jubilee Bible translates it: "My brethren,
make not unto yourselves many teachers, knowing that we shall receive the greater condemnation."
It took me a long time to piece the meaning together because I had not considered anything beyond the surface. Many had taught me through classes
and commentaries that this was merely a statement of warning for teachers, and I accepted it because it did not conflict with anything I already knew
to be fact. This was my interpretation of it: "Be careful about becoming a teacher because you will be called to a higher judgment." A warning for
teachers to be prepared and to take their work seriously, the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I understood that we had to be selective, and for a long time I tried to balance that idea with the idea of everyone becoming a teacher. I took it as a
challenge to spend more time training people to become teachers, thinking that it was my duty to help every member find his or her place as a
teacher. This was misguided. Whether I understand the reasons behind the fact that I was misguided is not the issue. I have theories that will continue
to develop. The important thing here is to admit that I know I was misguided because the Bible stood directly opposed to what I thought. According
to James 1, my only alternative is to admit that my ideas and "wisdom" are nothing compared to God's and fall in line with what He teaches instead of
becoming defensive, angry, or talking myself out of

The Importance Of Soil And Evaluation Of Taxonomic Evidence
Introduction
Using an object centred approach this narrative will attempt to go beyond the subject's simple classification of a 'red–figured Stamnos (The British
Museum, n.d)'. Analysis of function, status and meaning of this Stamnos provide evidence of how it has changed over time. This is further achieved
by examining the production, consumption and afterlife of 'Attic pottery (Hughes et al., 2014, p.60)'.
Production
To begin, an intrinsic measure of soil and evaluation of taxonomic evidence identifies this Stamnos as between 450BC–440BC of Athenian provenance.
Raw material excavated from a clay bed then transported to the 'Kerameikos (Wiley Online Library, 2012)' became divided into component quantities.
For decoration a portion ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Attic vases gained their distinctive red and black colours from this method of firing, presenting a genre known as 'red figure painting (Hughes et al.,
2014, p.92)'. Consequently, in black figure painting the colours are reversed. Often, the addition of White paint distinguished females, who were
otherwise underrepresented in often misogynistic evidence from ancient Greek literature.
Consumption
Meanwhile, assiduous 'ethnography (Harrison et al., 2014, p.14)' provides evidence of the consumption habits of Ancient Greeks. High end pottery,
designed to promote the owners status, included the addition of precious metals. Society's elite paradigm of leisure included boisterous 'drinking games
(Hughes et al., 2014, p.92)'. This Stamnos functioned as a vessel for mixing wine enjoyed by heavy drinking Greeks who seldom enjoyed their wine
'neat'. The average Ancient Greek pursuing a life of temperance regarded Attic pottery as affordable, functional, 'multipurpose containers for everyday
domestic use (Hughes et al., 2014, p.92)'. Proclivities towards Attic pottery, 'particularly through marriage and funeral ceremonies (Hughes et al., 2014,
p.92)' maintained the Ancient Greek's piety. Mythical narratives within Attic pottery appealed greatly not only to modern collectors but to Romans and
Etruscans before them. An example of this appears on this Stamnos, in the form of the iconography upon the warrior's shield.

Theme Of Fate In The Odyssey
There are usually many themes to be considered in older text, immeasurably more so in ancient Greek texts. Literature during that time was built
around lessons or morals and was meant to instill ideals into the listener or reader.The works of Homer are no exception to this standard so extensively
neither is the Odyssey. The Odyssey has many themes that mirror throughout most Greek texts but none is more prevalent than the concept of fate,
that one has an inescapable destiny set forth by God(s). One of the major themes that is found throughout Homers works including the Odyssey is fate;
which is supported by the character dialogue and Intervention of the gods in the stories, as well as the religion in the authors period and location.
The first way to analyze the theme of fate in the Odyssey is by analyzing the character dialogue. Characters in most ancient Greek literature had a sense
of submission to their gods and often lamented their subjugation to the gods will and often summed up fortuitous ... Show more content on
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Not only is the theme supported by the story but also by the mindset of the people of that time period. The works reflected the beliefs of the people
and therefore it reveals that not only the beliefs of the fictional characters but also of the living people of the time, and their belief in fate and
god–predetermined destiny. Without the actual morals existing at the time it would not be a prevalent theme in their stories and lore.
In conclusion, one of the largest themes in the Odyssey is fate. Fate is supported by the dialogue of characters which show their belief in it. The
actions and speeches of the gods do control the fates of men to a degree. Above all else though, fate in the Odyssey is subject to the religion culture
and beliefs of the ancient Greeks. It is the reverance and honoring of their peoples morals and beliefs which kept fate and all of the other themes found
in Greek mythology popular to this

Plato, The, And The Myth Of Er
In 399 BCE, nineteen years before Plato transcribed Republic, classical Greek philosopher Socrates was formally put on trial and executed on the
citation of two "impious" acts: having "failed to acknowledge the gods that the city acknowledges" and "introducing new deities." These two
recognized accusations, and the punishment that Socrates paid for them through a poisonous hemlock–based liquid, was witnessed by his student, Plato.
Plato was inspired to later write Socratic works and dialogues dedicated to Socrates' memory and teachings; including his Republic, in which 'Socrates'
(through defining "justice") develops a "perfect" city in speech. In this dialogue, the heavy presence of religion may almost be construed as ironic–as
much of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It's important that Socrates was walking back from a religious festival at the start of the dialogue, because it helps modern readers better understand
religion in contemporary Ancient Greek culture. For the purposes of this essay, the definition of "religion" will be that of the Oxford Dictionary's,
"the belief in and worship of a superhuman controlling power, especially a personal God or gods." (Oxford). At the time, while Plato was still alive in
Ancient Greece (424–348 BCE), religion was used to account for acts of nature that were unexplained. Religion was used to relate to our human
nature–it is our nature to ask questions, or to contemplate, and religion offered answers to many of those more difficult questions, questions dealing
with our existence, the nature of reality, and the notion of the soul. But beyond these questions, religion (especially at the time) was used in attempts
to influence fortune in both this world and beyond. This is why the Ancient Greeks built their temples and made their sacrificial offerings to their
gods, and the reason why many who worship modern religions today pray and make effort to form connections with God. For many, religion offers a
sense of "spiritual placement" and purpose (Theo), and it created a common bond between people in their poleis;

Works and Days by Hesiod
Sometime around 750–600 B.C.E., the Greek poet Hesiod produced what is generally thought to be the oldest surviving Greek poetic works. During
this time, Greece was near the middle of its Archaic period, a period of technological, social, political, and cultural innovations. This was the period in
which the first true alphabet system arose, the system which allowed Hesiod and other poets like him to record permanently the oral stories and lyrics
so important to Greek culture. This was also the time in which the Greek polis emerged – what is today translated as "city–state" – as a result of
increases in population size. Hand in hand with the increase in population and formation of political bodies like the polis comes the colonization of ...
He tells Perses not to be a pauper, "Crouching in the homes of others, doing no earthy good/as now you come to me once more," (lines 395–396) and
that instead Perses should "Go work, you fool! It's what the gods have set mankind to do" (line 398). He says to his brother, you must work so that
you will not go hungry, so that "revered Demeter (goddess of the harvest) fill/your granary with livelihood" (lines 299–301). And in explaining why
men were made to work, Hesiod touches on another theme of Works and Days, the woe that women bring to men. As Hesiod tells it, the first woman
was created by Zeus as revenge against Prometheus from deceiving Zeus and giving the gift of fire to men against his wishes. In retaliation, Zeus had
Hephaistos, the god of the forge, create from clay a mortal woman resembling the immortal goddesses. He had Athena dress her, and Aphrodite make
her wanted by men (lines 59–66). Finally, he had Hermes place inside her "a currish mind and thievish character" (line 67). And then Zeus sent herb
down to Prometheus' brother Epimetheus. Pandora, as she was called, meaning All–Gifted, or one who is given gifts from all the gods, brought with
her a jar, which she opened, unleashing suffering onto the world. Only Hope remained within the jar, the lid quickly shut before it could escape (lines
84–98). And thus Pandora damned men, previously living happily on earth, "remote from

Anaylsis of the Studies in Galaions by Tom Wacaster Essay...
The book, Studies in Galatians, by Tom Wacaster was an excellent study and very well put together. I felt he did a great job gathering others together
to elaborate on some of the main points from this book. From the beginning, the author let you know, in the introduction a specific direction he was
aiming toward even though the introduction seem to be a bit long. However, after I looked at it upon completion of reading, I appreciated it more than
when I read it the first time. When you take second look, it made me understand the reading better. Moreover, the flow of thebook was well organized,
with the outline of the whole book coming after the introduction, and the remainder of the book broken down verse–by–verse, which brings the ... Show
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Nevertheless, the first chapter ends with a surprise to me when Wacaster places endnotes very precisely seemingly as a way to not forget anyone along
the way.
Next, as we graduate to Chapter Two, I'm guilty of looking for those quotes by men. The book has almost become predictable, yet bearable. I don't
know if it was by design, but those quotes or writings Wacaster would interject in this book were a breath of fresh air. They seem to go outside the
box unlike the writer. I have to give him a lot of credit for assembling a great team and making this book very interesting.
In addition, I noticed Wacaster would take a time out and take notice of some very important facts about what was just written, which was also very
helpful in making this book better to understand. This was done in outline form to make more sense of what was just read and lets me know as a
reader of his material that he sincerely wants readers to understand what they are reading. Perhaps, it could be to that he was honing a very elite
skilled that he picked up from the Brown Trail School of Preaching known as sermon outlines. However, something else that stuck out with me from
Chapter Two is "The Riddle of Having Been Crucified With Christ." This riddle uncharacteristically has four points similarly to a sermon outline, which
I can truly say was very well thought out and put together. I intend on including the four–point riddle in my future

Greek Theatre And Modern Theatre
Without a doubt, the Greek theatre remains one of the most recognized and distinctive works in the world. While we associate many features of
modern theatre with their Greek counterparts, ancient theatre was a very different animal. You will be surprised at how much Ancient Greece has
influenced us today. Without such topics such asdrama, democracy and the Olympics coming from Ancient Greece, sport would not be important.
Drama was a huge part of ancient Greece. Theatre then became extremely popular performed everywhere including festivals. Greek Tragedy and
Comedy was significantly important as not only did it provide entertainment for the ancient Greeks, but has continued to influence society today,
inspiring us to create similar styles of theatre into contemporary plays today. Within this essay I hope to show how these ancient plays have
transitioned into our modern theatre, and how directors today have morphed them into relevant and relatable productions. M Cartwright wrote sources
which provides us with information on both Greek Comedy and Tragedy. In the 6th century BCE, Greek tragedy played an important and influential
role in theatre. The popular form of drama was performed all over Greece. The most well–known playwrights have come from Greek tragedy such as
Sophocles, and Euripides whose plays remained recognised, and continued to be performed for years after their original premiere. Comedy was
also a popular type of theatre in the late 6th century. "The most famous playwrights of the genre were Aristophanes and Menander and their works,
and those of their contemporaries, poked fun at politicians, philosophers, and fellow artists." (Cartwright 2017). The source informed me the first
appearance of Comedy, pottery in the 6th century, used for decoration, often portrayed "actors dressed as horses, satyrs, and dancers in exaggerated
costumes." (Cartwright 2017). Poetry was also another early source of comedy. Archilochus and Hipponax were Greek poets whose satyr works used
crude and sexual humour. Cartwright explained in his source that these plays were performed at the City of Dionysia and the Lenaea which were
major religious festivals. Over the course of the festivals, comedies were

Art Analysis: The Girl And The Marble Bench
A girl sits upon a pure white marble bench wearing a pure white robe, robe as white as the bench she sits upon. Her skin is pure white, like
untouched snow, with the only imperfection to it being the soft pink blushes which serves only (). She sits surrounded by a lash garden in the
background, it's dark green leaves woking to create a contrast to the piece that provides clear view of the girl and the marble. The contrast also forces
us to view the girl bringing the viewer's attention to the subtle beauty and immaculate innocence and serenity. The forefront and the centerpiece of the
painting is the girl. The girl sitting upon the marble garden bench dressed in a medieval styled white silken dress accompanied by an gauzy,
classically–draped loose sleeves. Her pale brown wavy hair is centrally parted and neatly dressed behind her back. Balanced on her lap lays a blue
covered book with a metallic clasp, while the book rest on her lap her rests her right elbow in her left hand and holds a sprig of blossom up to her neck
as she ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
While marble is most well known for being used to create statues based upon mythological and historical peoples, it was also used as mortuary
statues to show tribute to deceased loved ones. Those statues were usually portrayed in the person in a relaxed pose, this combined with the fact that
the girl's legs are seemingly translucent, might point to the fact that the painting represent the idea of classical beauty and ideals, such as knowledge
(the book), modesty (the white dress), and being closer to nature (the sprig and trees in the background), dying and being replaced by the culture of
excess and extravagance. The orange by her side could also be representative of the offering greek women would bring to stelai (stone or wooden slab
erected as a monument, very often for funerary or commemorative purposes.), which the bench could be serving

Analysis Of Homer 's ' The King Of The Great Land '
A murderer. A liar. A philander. A Narcissist. Is this the kind of man children should model after as their hero? The Ancient Greek poem The
Odyssey by Greek poet Homer, tells the story of great Odysseus, the king of Ithaca who was sent off to fight in war for ten years, and his long journey
home. After the war,Odysseus showed that he was not the leader and king that his crew had thought. For instance, Odysseus showed many more
remarkable character flaws, such as continual disrespect to the Gods and men, his very self–centered way of life, and his many crimes committed
during the entirety of the story. This protagonist of our epic story and the king of the great land of Ithaca, is by no means a hero in the modern
definition of the word. To elaborate, Homer describes the life of Telemachus before he focuses in on Odysseus. Before introducing Odysseus, Homer
shows the life of a prince who was brought up to be a leader and to rule a kingdom. In fact, the story starts out with young Telemachus restraining
himself from doing the very things in which his father finds no shame. "Daydreaming so as he sat among the suitors, he glimpsed Athena now and
straight to the porch he went, mortified that a guest might still be standing at the doors" (Homer 1.138). To clarify, Telemachus represents the positive
and virtuous family he was brought up under by demonstrating his respect for the Ancient Greek laws of hospitality. In addition, Telemachus does not
openly disrespect the suitors or

Why Does Society Pull To Be Normal?
Why does society push to be normal? Humans get hurt and they say if I was normal this wouldn't happen; but there is no such thing as normal,
because everyone is different. The main idea of Saleem on TED Talk is that it is ok not to be normal because no one is. I agree with Saleem because
God created everyone to be unique. The evidence is that Blue was not a normal color for ancient Greek, Salem's accent in his work, and kids' books
where the characters are white. To continue this essay, I will transition into the first piece of evidence which is about blue in ancient Greek life. In
ancient Greek painting there was very few colors used and that was a red that looked like wine. This red was normal to them they didn't know of many
other ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It would be like going to a different country because it is a completely different culture here than what I'm used to. I have realized that in a way we
are all the same. Saleem said," One library that keeps track of characters in the children's book collections every year, found that in 2014, only
about 11 percent of the books had a character of color. And just the year before, that number was eight percent, even though half of American
children today come from a minority background. Half." What Saleem means is that if children saw other cultures besides one that they grew up in
they would be able to see that they are somewhat similar to other people. This is support because if children grew up realizing that they are similar
to everyone else a lot of social problems wouldn't happen like what happen to Saleem where he was hurt because people said that his voice wasn't
normal. They would also be able to realize that there is no such thing as normal because everyone is different.
In conclusion, wine red was the normal color for ancient Greeks, Saleem was able to change the way people think about normal using his voice,
and children's books only have 11 percent characters of color. The main idea is that its ok to be different from everyone else. I agree with Saleem
because no one can define what normal n=means. " they didn't begin to see it until much later as well. So until then, even though a color might be all
around them, they simply did not have the ability to see it. It was invisible. It was not a part of their

Analysis Of Neil Fraser 's ' The Golden Age '
Theatre History Explained Neil Fraser outlines the history of theatre from Greek and Roman times, all the way through the twentieth century. Fraser
makes a claim that theatre truly began in Greek culture with even the Roma's looking upon that time as "the golden age". "The Romans looked back on
Greek theatre of circa 600BC as a golden age, and we can still make a case for the great plays of that period as having never been bettered." (Fraser,
2004, pg.5). Some of the more important highlights of this book include the transformation of theatre as we view it today from what it originally
looked like. It's roots in Greek religious ceremonies progressing from a chorus of priests speaking all together in unison to a solo voice being used as an
These "pageants" gave birth to a new type of play called "mystery" or "miracle" cycles (Fraser, 2004). From there Fraser concludes that the medieval
theatrical genres eventually became "outmoded – or rather, grew and developed into new ones." (Fraser, 2004, pg.45). From Medieval we turn to the
Elizabethan stage which is what most everyone thinks of in regards to theatre and performance art. In this stage we begin to see a form of censorship
and theatre becoming less and less involved with the church (Fraser,2004). We also begin to see a change from outdoor theaters to the indoor theaters
with audience seated in front of a large rectangular stage and balconies to hold more affluent patrons (Fraser, 2004).
The Shakespearean Stage 1574–1642 In the Elizabethan era, also known as the Shakespearean era, we see less and less of plays drawing from the
church and more of the strolling entertainers that roamed from place to place performing. From strolling minstrels we move to professional
entertainers in repertory companies with significant financial backing (Gurr, 1970). "The statute of 1572 required each company to be authorized by
one noble or two judicial dignitaries of the realm:" (Gurr, 1970, pg.19). These companies were employed by the royals and their their major aim was
to pease the

Sources Of Authority In Antigone
One of the most popular conflicts from classical Greek literature is the one found between Antigone and Creon in Sophocles' play Antigone. After a
lethal conflict that left both of Antigone's brothers dead, Creon ordered that Polyneices (one of Antigone's brothers who fought against Creon's state) be
denied a proper and honorable burial. Antigone opposed Creon's order; her own religious faith to the Greek Gods demanded that she defy the decree
and bury Polynices anyways. This tension between the two characters proposes an interesting and complex dynamic between the two different sources
of authority. Both attempt argue that their source of authority and the obligation that are connected with it is more legitimate, thus delegitimizing each
other's laws. However, as stated by Molly Farneth in her essay Gender and the Ethical Given, both of these laws come into conflict because both
authorities are unwilling to compromise and modify their strict standards. This tension is subsequently caused by a number of factors, and Farneth goes
into detail investigating each of these components, ranging from gender roles in ancient Greek society to the role of ethics in how the law is applied. I
agree with the arguments made by Farneth and through my research, I hope to understand how these sources of authority are viewed by and pursue
this topic in a view focused on justice. There are many interesting question that arise regarding the relationship between the authority of the law as well

A Man Defeated By His Flaws in SophoclesвЂ™ play, вЂњAntigoneвЂќ
In Sophocles' play, "Antigone" translated by Robert Fitzgerald and Dudley Fitts, Creon believes his laws surpass the laws written by the gods but his
real flaw is his belief in masculine superiority and his self–destructive pride. In Greek literature, a tragedy means a sad story in which a hero is
defeated because of his flaws and through this the audience will have a better understanding of themselves and the world. King Creon takes the
audience thru his journey of ego, stubbornness and suffering. The opening events of the play quickly establish the central conflict between the two
main characters. King Creon and Antigone have opposing positions, but both possess the same stubborn belief in their own righteousness and therefore
both share the blame for the tragic end of the play.
A major theme of Antigone is the conflict between religious law and government law. King Creon's first speech is dominated by words such as "law",
"policy", and "decree," which demonstrates his belief and commitment to government and law as the supreme authority. Whereas Antigone believes in
religious law and adheres to the divine law of the gods. Antigone knows Creon has "no right to trample on God's right" (Sophocles 221). She makes it
known that no law surpasses the divine, inherent law of the gods by defying Creon's orders and buries her deserted brother. "She performs the burial,
or rather that symbolic and ceremonial act which is taken for it, because the gods demand it, and not so

Wedding Reception At A Orthodox Baptism
Over the weekend I had the opportunity to go to a greek orthodox baptism. I am agnostic so outside of weddings I do not attend religious ceremonies
and have never attended a baptism before. I am not very comfortable in church settings but this is was an important event because it was a close
friends event and I knew is was very important to her.
The event was on sunday so on saturday evening I called the mother of the baby to ask what the dress code was, if I should bring anything outside
the gift and to get a little idea of what to expect. My friend Breanna mother of Alex who was being baptised told me to dress in a nice cocktail dress
and wear comfortable shoes because there is a lot standing during the ceremony. I was not sure what to expect but I certainly did not realize that this
was an all day event and as lavish as a wedding reception.
The baptism itself lasted an hour and was so different from anything I had experienced. I knew that it was a religious service, that the baby would be
splashed with water to absolve the original sin but beyond that everything was new. The priest was really wonderful and before the service began
gave a speech that explained what would happen during the service and what it all symbolically meant so that those who were unfamiliar (like me)
with this process would feel more included or at the very least at ease. Most of the ceremony was spoken in the greek language but because the priest
gave the introduction I felt like I understood the

Theme Of Orpheus And Prejudice By Ocean Vuong
The poem Eurydice by Ocean Vuong, is constructed off the famous Greek Mythology legend of Orpheus and Eurydice. The many similes, metaphors
and allusions to the story, represent the famous story in a more ambiguous style, that conveys Ocean Vuong's occurring theme throughout his poem as
the many different sides of love, including happiness, sacrifice and hurt. The abundant metaphor and simile represent and emphasize the feelings present
throughout the poem, as well the transition from radiant happiness, to emotional hurt. The literary devices and symbolism employed through the poem,
underscore the underlying messages in Eurydice.
Based off the myth of Orpheus and Eurydice, Eurydice by Ocean Vuong, incorporates the classical elements of the... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Eurydice is seen to have been killed by a jealous lover who desired Eurydice for herself. Aristaeus sought to subjugate Orpheus and bring their love to
an end. However, the two lovers ran into the woods together, effectively creating a long and tiresome chase. Consequently, Eurydice happened to
stumble and fall, having come across a nest of deadly snakes and been bitten. This snake bite is reminiscent and symbolic of the two characters tragic
love story, and the misfortunes thrown in their path together. Eurydice represents the subtle allusion to the snake in "We saw it coming but kept
walking through the hole in the garden" (Vuong 7–8). Snakes are generally seen lurking around gardens and can easily bite anyone who may not be
paying attention such as Eurydice. Although the myth has many different version of the story, some versions believe that Orpheus had saw the snake
nest, but had not warned Eurydice, therefore causing the snakes to bite her as she fell to her death bed. This line can be interpreted in another more
figurative way that alludes to a scene deeper into the myth. After Eurydice's death, Orpheus is desperate and tried anything to get her back. His
desperation and love

Water and Womanhood in Ancient Greece Essay
In the times of ancient Greece, there were ample tales, myths, and legends surrounding the realm of the sea; many of which included fearsome
beasts, epic struggles, and angered gods. There are tales of vengeance, spite, cruelty, and rage, but there are also those of understanding, compassion,
helpfulness, and benevolence. When one subjects many of the more malevolent (and sometimes disturbing) tales to closer inspection, it becomes
fairly evident that a great number of these stories use a feminine force in order to display the wraith of the sea and the sea gods or goddesses. In fact,
many sea monsters are said to be female including Charybdis and Scylla (the horrors between which Odysseus and his crew must sail through the Strait
of... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In certain ways it represents the encircling and productive forces that are often related to women as well; the safety of the womb, the feminine forces of
creativity and intuition. Water was also commonly used in rituals of rebirth or transformation – something which was greatly connected to the female
menstrual cycle in terms of symbolic meaning. Many cultures other than the ancient Greeks had creation myths which involved water to a great
extent as well, especially portraying it as a source of life and the essence of which all life is formed. It is even said that "it was from the divine waters
of the Mother's womb that life came into existence" (Laoupi, Pararas–Carayannis) which encompasses both water and womanhood in one fell swoop.
Additionally, the cultural role of women was one which was steeped in productivity and aid. This shows yet another parallel aspect which
womanhood and water share; the creation, nurturing, and sustaining of life. Both water and women have the capability to 'bear children' as well as
protect and provide for them. Though it can be incredibly productive, water also symbolizes a great destructive power, for in large quantities it can
completely destroy and eradicate entire cities, or even states should they be so small. Through symbolism, water and womanhood are connected, and it
is not necessarily always in a positive manor. Not only are there symbols that connect womanhood to water, but the

Ganymede Jewelry Essay
Harjeet Chohan
Midterm Project
Ganymede Jewelry
My God, am I such a jewelry fanatic! I knew as soon as I saw jewelry I had to write about it. Jewelry is something women and men but mostly
women tend to adorn themselves with to either show stature, beauty or just to feel special about themselves. The Jewelry gives a lot of details on
where it was made and the interesting designs on the necklace and earrings. Also, because it's made of real gold and silver any women would be
honored to wear such an amazing work of art. The Ganymede Jewelry was found in Macedonia near the area of Thessaloniki before 1913 and the
jewelry pieces date back to being formed 330–300 B.C. They date back to the Hellenistic Greek period. Hellenistic period starts from the death of
Alexander the Great in 323 B.C. to the conquest of Ptolemaic Egypt. This time period Greek cultural power was at the top in Europe, Africa and Asia.
It experienced an influx of arts, literature, architecture, math, science and etc. The jewelry was made by Leochares in the beginning for the fourth
century B.C. The Hellenistic Jewelry was made in current day Greece. The Ganymede Jewelry consists of earrings, necklace, pins, bracelets and a
ring. But it's not sure if they all go together. The neckless is shown to take on the look of ivy or grape leaf and have a border of beaded wire and a
rosette in the center. Many places like Asia Minor, around the Black Sea area, southern Italy have known to have strap neckless,

Classical Greek Architecture Essay
Classical Greek Architecture
The reuse of older art works in contemporary times is not an uncommon occurrence, and many examples can be seen throughout the day as one goes
from place to place. Even when one is browsing through the World Wide Web can many uses of older art and architecture be seen, as with the example
shown. This image was found on the internet at the American Express homepage (http://www.americanexpress.com/student/), which functions as a
resource for college students to find access to many commercial advertisements about discounts and products relevant for students. This homepage
caters mostly to students, as non–students would not apply to the majority of the goods or services available.
The picture itself is not ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The entablature and pediment rest on top of the columns, forming post and lintel construction. The entablature often contains friezes in the Ionic order,
and metopes and triglyphs in the Doric. The metopes were often painted and the triglyphs may have symbolized wood cross beams that would have
been used before the knowledge of stone construction was developed. The Ionic friezes often contained sculpted figures that relate in some way to the
functionality of the temple or building. The pediment, which rests on the entablature, usually has the shape of an isosceles triangle with sculpture that
varies from low relief to sculpture in the round.
The organization of the columns around the main body of the temple varies in about five major styles. The first three have a small rectangular shaped
building called a cella with two to four columns in front, as with the in antis style and the prostyle, or with an additional four columns in back as with
the amphiprostyle temples. The last two styles consist of a larger rectangular building divided into two rooms, one functioning as a cella. These two
styles are mainly differentiated by one row of columns surrounding the structure, called peripteral, or with two rows of columns, called dipteral. If one
looks at the picture with these standards of Greek architecture in mind, some noticeable similarities and differences occur.
The artist of this graphic, whether intentional or not, used a basic prostyle design and went from

Luigi Lanzi
Introduction
Using an object centred approach this narrative will attempt to go beyond the subject's simple classification of a 'red–figured stamnos (The British
Museum, n.d)'. The function, status and meaning of this piece* and how it has changed over time is addressed by examining the production,
consumption and afterlife of the piece.
Production
An intrinsic measure of soil and evaluation of taxonomic evidence identifies the birth of this piece as between 450BC–440BC of Athenian provenance.
The raw material excavated from a clay bed was transported to the Kerameikos. Clay became separated into component quantities. For decoration a
portion was reserved and finely filtered, mixed with water and referred to as a fine clay 'slip' (OURef). ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Museo Gregoriano Etrusco at the Vatican introduced free standingpottery on pedestals that could be seen from all angles. J.D Beazley's Corpus
vasorum antiquorum became the first fascicle to catalogue Greek vases in collections throughout the world in 1923. Two hundred fascicles later and
there is now a clear, concise method of display and labelling. These factors allowed art historians to evaluate such information from a given piece as;
its school, original provenance, form, its creator and more. Museums have installed anti–inflationary methods while preserving the opportunity of
visual enjoyment for

The Characteristics Of The Humanist Movement In The Iliad
There are many unknowns regarding who Homer was. His date of birth and death are still a mystery to modern day historians, ranging anywhere
between the twelfth to eighth century BCE. As to where he was born, no one knows the exact location. Although there are many mysteries revolving
around Homer's life, there is one known fact: his epics changed history forever. Homer's epics are one of the only few artifacts historians have to learn
about Homer, which can reveal a lot if read carefully. After reading theIliad, it became clear that Homer was an early Humanist, one who possibly
shaped or inspired the Humanist movement in Classical Greece during the fifth and fourth century BCE. The Humanist movement during Classical
Greece glorified the human body, which can be shown through the many sculptures and paintings created during the era. These sculptures resembled
the ideal human body, the body every Greek should strive to achieve. The ideal body type was that of an athlete (PBS, 2017). There are hints of this
image of the "ideal body" in Homer's Iliad. The section of the text that indicates that Homer can be an early humanist is when he writes, "Here was the
ugliest man who ever came to Troy. Bandy–legged he was, with one foot clubbed, both shoulders humped together, curving over his caved–in chest,
and bobbing above them his skull warped to a point, sprouting clumps of scraggly, woolly hair" (Homer 750 BCE, 250–255). In this description of
Thersites, Homer never calls him

Analysis Of The Movie ' Kabuki '
1.Kabuki – Kabuki is a style of Japanese theater that evolved from Noh theater. Noh was slow, contemplative, and philosophical, and eventually
became so refined that it was considered inaccessible and reserved for the educated upper classes. Kabuki was developed by the rising middle class as
popular entertainment, and included stylized fighting, aerial stunts, exaggerated makeup and costuming, and physical and verbal comedy.
2.Nixon in China – Nixon in China is an American opera portraying President Nixon's historic visit to China. The opera pulls influences from the
highly stylized Beijing opera performance style, and portrays the clash of Asian and Western cultures that was manifested in the US' tense relationship
with China prior to Nixon's visit.
3.Center Stage Left – In traditional western theater stages (as opposed to street theater or theater–in–the–round) this is an area of the stage that is about
halfway between the front edge and the back wall, and to the left (as you are facing the audience) of the middle of the stage.
4.Prop – a prop is any object that the actor can use to assist in conveying motion, meaning, or energy. Props are representative of the setting in which a
play takes place; for example, a water bottle is representative of the type of technologically and economically advanced society that has the resources to
manufacture it.
5.Kivgiq – the Kivgiq, or "Messenger Feast," is a festival put on by the Northern Boroughs of Alaska. The festival

The Reflection Of Odysseus In Homer's The Odyssey
In Homer's The Odyssey, "The Sirens" episode is exemplary of Odysseus' growth in his journey to become a classic Greek hero, evident in his ability to
lead and work cohesively with his crew, and encapsulate Greek values in order to further the success of his mission. As Odysseus and his crew draw
near the Sirens, Odysseus elaborates upon the predicament Circe forewarned them of, speaking to his men in a manner that is "sore at heart" (685).
Odysseus' gentle, yet serious tone conveys the gravity of the situation while simultaneously uplifting his crew. By utilizing an encouraging tone of
voice, Odysseus' leadership skills demonstrate growth because he realizes the value in having a crew at his disposal that are eager and readily
prepared for the mission ahead. Odysseus begins his speech by addressing his crew as "dear friends," and goes on to inform them that "Sirens
/ weaving a haunting song over the sea / we are to shun," stressing the importance and danger of their impending journey (686, 690–692). Odysseus
specifically chooses to address his men as "friends," deeming them as equal, dependable crew mates that Odysseus has faith in. He includes only the
information necessary to inform them of the mission, excluding certain aspects that may frighten them past sensibility. By having a successful
delivery of an otherwise frightful topic and taking command of his team in a gentle manner, Odysseus shows progress in his ability to lead, an
important characteristic of Greek heroes. Odysseus' plan on bypassing the Sirens is heavily reliant upon the collaboration of his crew, as they are to
"tie [Odysseus] up, tight as a splint, / erect along the mast, lashed to the mast, / and if [he] shout[s] and beg[s] to be untied, / take more turns of the
rope to muffle [him]" (695–699). Odysseus' trust in his crew reaches a new extent during their journey in the Siren's realm, evident in his decision to
give his men a crucial role in the mission. Odysseus' incorporation of his team vastly differs from that in "The Cyclops" episode, in which Odysseus
executes the plan entirely on his own. Odysseus lacked all faith in his men during their venture into Polyphemus' lair and his arrogance dissuaded him
from involving them in the

Aristophanes Is The Father Of Old Comedy
Aristophanes is the father of old comedy (K.J Dover). Cicero speaks of him as "the most facetious poet of the old comedy". Aristophanes wrote in a
specific genre of literature that Vector Ehrenberg named "Old Attic Comedy" (1) which was composed and performed in Athens during the fifth and
fourth centuries BC. The exact beginning of the "Attic Comedy" (1) is scarcely known but the word comedy is derived from a Greek word komodia
that means singing and dancing. In the introduction to Aristophanes 3, Ralph M. Rosen has explained the origin of this word: "Komodia means a
komos–song where the komos refers to a group of men, often costumed, who entertained audiences with song and dance at various festive occasions"
(9). He seems to have been the first to transform comedy, which was still wondering erratically in its early stages of development, into something more
morally serious and worthwhile (23).
Aristophanes' extant comedies are a social, political and literal rendering. Although tragedy was also performed at that time, it does not tell us about
socio–political matters because of its formal structure and extravagant diction. Comedy performed that function conveniently. Rosen indicates "comic
diction was far less formal and stylized than tragedy. Old comedy, therefore, could reflect... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
During 405 BC, Athens was demoralized by the effect of war, and democracy had taken birth in their society. Peloponnesian war was an ongoing
issue and Athenian people had lost their heroes such as Pericles. Among his eleven surviving comedies The Frogs was basically concerned with
morality and amalgamation of subtle lyricism and crude lewdness. Comedy is flexible genre and has ability to mold the situation and events to show
the other side of reality. Comedy allows to cross the limits and to see the picture with entirely different angle. The Frogs is a reflection of social and
political life of Athens in fifth

To Know Our Foundations: The Greek and Elizabethan Eras Essay
Before enrolling in PERF 115, I never studied theatre in an academic setting. My high school was lucky to have an underfunded drama club, let alone
credited classes on the subject. Honestly, I joined PPP simply because I wondered what the class would entail; I enjoy a few stage productions, but I
am not as emotionally invested in theatre as my peers. I expected this course to cover the fundamentals and origins of theatre, but I feared that these
origins would lie in the the Greek and Renaissance periods. I had little experience in studying classic texts, leaving me trepid and uncertain of myself.
However, the ways in which we approached both periods guided my studies, allowing me to overcome my anxiety and embrace the content. From my
Each group presented Antigone in a different setting, but in every instance, the gravity of the play remained intact. If not for the in–depth discussions
that emerged from this project on, I likely would not have such a firm grasp on the conventions of Greek theater.
In a similar fashion, I only understand the Renaissance period due to our engaging discussions and lectures. The Elizabethan era, like the Greek
period, allowed theatre to flourish as a widely respected event and exposed the public to the works of great playwrights. Touring the Folger Library
reinforced my understanding that theater conventions of the period, including commercialization and social secularization, have survived through the
centuries and remain with us today. Likewise, from my work in the World CafГ©, I learned how Shakespeare's plays embody sophisticated content
and subtext, which likely contribute to the Bard's timelessness. His plays have been appropriated for years and used to produce new artistic works
inside and outside of the theatre.
However, studying Greek and Shakespearean works was not without its challenges. The most daunting task I faced, as I had encountered many times
before, was comprehending the texts' complex use of language. Extensive passages, unfamiliar syntax, and archaic vocabulary had, for many years,
frustrated me and kept me from exploring the classics. Reading Shakespeare often felt like deciphering a foreign language, despite the words being
written in English,

Essay on The Mask Of Apollo
"The Mask of Apollo" revolves around the adventures of Nikeratos, a young actor who travels the countryside of ancient Greece and
Sicily while performing in various plays. In one play, Kadmos by Sophokles the Younger, Nikeratos is required to wear an old mask of Apollo as part
of his costume. The mask is fifty years old and is rumored to bring good luck. Nikeratos is impressed with the mask and comes to believe that it
possesses special powers. He begins to make reverent gestures toward it as when he places a bay–sprig above it and sprinkles drops of wine on the
floor in front of it.
During one performance of the play a battle breaks out with a neighboring town. As the actors continue performing, Nikeratos touches the mask for ...
This places Nikeratos in the middle of the political turbulence involving Dionysios the Younger and the rule of Syracuse. Faction fights begin which
result in Dionysios exiling Dion. Plato is moved into a house in Palace Park where Dionysios can keep a watchful eye on him. Nikeratos is also forced
to end his traveling around the country because of the fighting. Plato is later released when the Carthaginians attack and war begins.
After several years, peace is declared. This is good news for Nikeratos and other actors because tours can now be scheduled again. This allows
Nikeratos to once again travel and interact with the powerful people of the era. At the same time, Dionysios is resolved to have Plato return. Dionysios
uses Plato's loyalty to Dion as a method of manipulation. Dion encourages Plato to return to Syracuse in the hope that Plato can secure his own return.
When Plato refused to return to Syracuse, where he is hated and threatened by the soldiers, his relationship with Dion becomes strained.
Eventually, as the pressure Dionysios and Dion put on his friends builds, Plato agrees to return. Despite the return, Dion's property is sold and
Dionysios shows no sign of recalling him. Dionysios is reportedly jealous of the relationship between Plato and Dion, as he himself now desires to be
Plato's favorite.
Dionysios continues his grudge against

Aristotle's Idea of Tragedy and the Play "Fires in the...
Aristotle was a phenomenal Greek philosopher. His words and thoughts inspired millions, and continue inspiring today. He taught lessons to those who
would listen, he preached his scientific findings, but above all, Aristotle enjoyed the theatre. In fact, Aristotle had his own views about different genres.
Today we will look at tragedy. In Aristotle's mind, a tragedy was the process of imitating an action which had serious implications, was complete, and
possessed magnitude. He even composed six elements that a tragedy must contain. Aristotle's six elements of tragedy are a plot, characters, thought,
verbal expression, song composition, and visual adornment. Each contributes to an aspect of a tragedy. Fires in the Mirror, written... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
This is another place where Fires in the Mirror challenges Aristotle. Fires in the Mirror had many characters, but no hero. Not to mention that Fires in
the Mirror also had female roles. In Aristotle's day, women could not perform in plays because it was against the law. In fact, women didn't have a
significant role in society at all. They were merely domestic property unless they were of royal status. This meant the protagonist in the plays were
usually male. Nowadays, women have rights and many plays use both men and women to act as the protagonist. The third element in Aristotle's tragedy
list is thought. The way we describe thought is the way a character reasons. Aristotle argues that the characters of a play are logical. Fires in the
Mirror challenges this element because Anna Devere Smith made most of her characters react off of emotion, rather than logicality. During the
Greek era, the hero of a play was directly related to the situation, but they still used logic to determine their action. I believe Anna Devere Smith
illustrated reality a bit better. Very few people use logic to describe their opinion. Instead, many of us use emotional ties because we base our thoughts
on past experiences, parental beliefs, and the popularity votes. Fires in the Mirror covers some very personal and sketchy issues where emotions
typically would come before logistics, such as racism, death, slavery, the holocaust, and poverty. Aristotle's

The Athen Civilization Of Ancient Greek Culture
The Athen Civilization was one of the greatest examples of what a flourishing city–state could be. During the Golden Age, Greek civilization was
destroyed by an enemy of the city the Persians. At that time, the people of ancient Greece produced amazing architecture. The Parthenon was one of
many amazing things created by ancient Greeks. This building was constructed to be a grand symbol of Athens. This building and the surrounding
architecture stood for the representation of Greek culture. Some ancient Greek values, beliefs, and skills that are represented by the Parthenon are the
belief in being strong, having the most beautiful and grandest architecture and, having the most logical philosophy.
Many Greek people valued strength and believed that it was the most important virtue of all. According to the article Athens was determined to be the
most powerful, so for them to do that they decided to organize campaigns. In these campaigns they decided that building a grand building was the way
to go; and in these buildings they would place grand statues. The Parthenon building was filled with statues one of them being of the greek goddess
Athena. Athena was made of ivory and covered in gold; she also is depicted as having a spear and a shield in her hand. The sculptor created her this
way to show that one of the main virtues was to be strong, and protect the city. The statue of Athena representing strength, was accompanied by a very
strong military to protect the great structure

Fall Of Icarus

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