This document describes a study conducted using Six Sigma methodology to reduce failures in air conditioner tube assemblies. The study aimed to reduce rejection rates, called Part Per Million (PPM), of tube assemblies used in split air conditioners manufactured by LG Electronics India Private Limited. Researchers used Define-Measure-Analyze-Improve-Control (DMAIC) phases of Six Sigma to identify root causes of high PPM, including issues with flaring angle, diameter, and torque of tubes. Measurement data showed the process for flaring tubes was incapable of meeting specifications. The study helped reduce tube leakage and PPM by 92.62% through improving the tube flaring process.
Management of working capital in national aluminium company 3 (1)prj_publication
This document analyzes working capital management in the National Aluminium Company (NALCO) over a 15-year period from 1995-1996 to 2009-2010. It aims to evaluate NALCO's management of cash, receivables, inventory, and the impact of working capital management on profitability. The author hypothesizes that cash balances affect operating expenses, provisioning for doubtful debts impacts receivables, inventory levels influence sales, and working capital management impacts profits. Statistical analysis is conducted to test these hypotheses using NALCO's annual reports and secondary data sources.
Enhancement of the performance of an industry by the application of tqm conceptseSAT Journals
Abstract Nowadays many companies are unable to prove their performance, because they do not practice the TQM concepts in- total. In order to increase the awareness, certain TQM techniques are suggested to enhance overall performance of the organisations. Here an effort is made to apply two important basic concepts of TQM which are i)continuous improvement of production process by applying newer and innovative methods ii)establishing performance measures for the processes .This paper uses the real experimental results of cartons making industry which comprises the four machines such as Printing , Punching , Gluer and Lamination machines. We get all the machines input and output details, and then made certain suggestions based on the input values of all the four machines. Presently the four machines output values such as Availability, Performance, Quality and Overall Equipment Effectiveness are very low compared with the world class industry. In order to increase them it is suggested to reduce the downtime and other non-productive time by adopting certain simple TQM techniques. The new improved values found to be much higher than the existing values. Keywords: Total Quality Management, Availability, Performance, Quality, Overall Equipment Effectiveness, Quality Improvement.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
7 qct optmisation in new product development detailed study on inter-links ...prjpublications
This document summarizes an article about optimizing quality, cost, and time (QCT) in new product development. It discusses how these three objectives are interrelated and often require trade-offs. It proposes using a systematic, analytical approach to quantify the interrelationships between objectives to help with trade-off decision making. This would assess how movement in one objective impacts others. For example, reducing development time could increase costs. The document also discusses using profitability metrics like profitability index, net present value, and payback period to evaluate trade-offs based on long-term profitability. Graphically representing cash flows can help assess trade-offs subject to the specific project's profitability targets.
(1) The document discusses critical success factors for implementing lean manufacturing in Vietnam manufacturing enterprises. It presents a lean manufacturing transformation model with six key dimensions: strategic initiatives, process management, change management, human resource management, situation management, and external management.
(2) The literature review examines definitions of lean manufacturing and discusses its goals of eliminating waste to reduce costs and improve quality, delivery, and flexibility. It also analyzes common indicators of successful lean implementation and discusses the concept of critical success factors.
(3) The article synthesizes critical success factors identified in previous research, finding the most common to be top management commitment, culture change, training, communication, teamwork ability, understanding lean tools, and continuous improvement
The relationship between agility capabilities and organizational performance ...Alexander Decker
This document discusses the relationship between agility capabilities and organizational performance in home appliance factories in Iran. It defines agility capabilities as an organization's flexibility, quickness, responsiveness, and competency. The study aims to explore how these capabilities impact organizational performance. A survey was conducted of managers and employees in Iranian manufacturing companies to test the relationship. The results found a statistically significant positive relationship between agility capabilities and organizational performance, suggesting that enhancing capabilities like flexibility and quickness can improve performance.
The impact of the digital era on the implementation of lean six sigmaUduakLuke
This document discusses the impact of digital technologies on the implementation of Lean Six Sigma. It first reviews literature on Lean Six Sigma and how its critical success factors can vary by industry. The digital technology industry is growing rapidly and faces unique challenges. The document aims to understand hurdles to Lean Six Sigma implementation in digital emerging technology companies by identifying industry-specific critical success factors, potential modifications to the Lean Six Sigma methodology, and how data analytics capabilities can complement traditional Lean Six Sigma analytical tools. It presents results from case studies of digital technology companies that have implemented Lean Six Sigma through interviews.
analysis of interconnection between concurrent engineering and human resource...INFOGAIN PUBLICATION
In today’s global economy; the competition in market among various organizations has been increased by great extent. The success in market is depending upon innovative research in product design and development as well as its quick launching in market. Thus the main aim of the concept of Concurrent Engineering is to speed up the every process that occurs during production and reducing the new product launching time in the market. But at the same time the impact of human resource management on all the activities from hiring new employees to achieving the organizational goal can’t be neglected. The above mentioned activity of concurrent engineering is only possible if there is proper co-ordination and co-operation among various organizational departments and effective communication in employees. Also proper training to the employees for improving not only technical skills but also interpersonal skills of employees will lead towards successful achievement of an organizational goal. Hence Human Resource Management undividable interconnection with Concurrent Engineering if properly understood and studied. Thus, implementation of both concepts give rise to long term benefits to organization in terms of customer satisfaction and improved interest of shareholders as well as stakeholders. Using proper methodology it is easy to implement Human Resource Management based Concurrent Engineering to be a market leader in today’s cut- throat competition in this world.
Management of working capital in national aluminium company 3 (1)prj_publication
This document analyzes working capital management in the National Aluminium Company (NALCO) over a 15-year period from 1995-1996 to 2009-2010. It aims to evaluate NALCO's management of cash, receivables, inventory, and the impact of working capital management on profitability. The author hypothesizes that cash balances affect operating expenses, provisioning for doubtful debts impacts receivables, inventory levels influence sales, and working capital management impacts profits. Statistical analysis is conducted to test these hypotheses using NALCO's annual reports and secondary data sources.
Enhancement of the performance of an industry by the application of tqm conceptseSAT Journals
Abstract Nowadays many companies are unable to prove their performance, because they do not practice the TQM concepts in- total. In order to increase the awareness, certain TQM techniques are suggested to enhance overall performance of the organisations. Here an effort is made to apply two important basic concepts of TQM which are i)continuous improvement of production process by applying newer and innovative methods ii)establishing performance measures for the processes .This paper uses the real experimental results of cartons making industry which comprises the four machines such as Printing , Punching , Gluer and Lamination machines. We get all the machines input and output details, and then made certain suggestions based on the input values of all the four machines. Presently the four machines output values such as Availability, Performance, Quality and Overall Equipment Effectiveness are very low compared with the world class industry. In order to increase them it is suggested to reduce the downtime and other non-productive time by adopting certain simple TQM techniques. The new improved values found to be much higher than the existing values. Keywords: Total Quality Management, Availability, Performance, Quality, Overall Equipment Effectiveness, Quality Improvement.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
7 qct optmisation in new product development detailed study on inter-links ...prjpublications
This document summarizes an article about optimizing quality, cost, and time (QCT) in new product development. It discusses how these three objectives are interrelated and often require trade-offs. It proposes using a systematic, analytical approach to quantify the interrelationships between objectives to help with trade-off decision making. This would assess how movement in one objective impacts others. For example, reducing development time could increase costs. The document also discusses using profitability metrics like profitability index, net present value, and payback period to evaluate trade-offs based on long-term profitability. Graphically representing cash flows can help assess trade-offs subject to the specific project's profitability targets.
(1) The document discusses critical success factors for implementing lean manufacturing in Vietnam manufacturing enterprises. It presents a lean manufacturing transformation model with six key dimensions: strategic initiatives, process management, change management, human resource management, situation management, and external management.
(2) The literature review examines definitions of lean manufacturing and discusses its goals of eliminating waste to reduce costs and improve quality, delivery, and flexibility. It also analyzes common indicators of successful lean implementation and discusses the concept of critical success factors.
(3) The article synthesizes critical success factors identified in previous research, finding the most common to be top management commitment, culture change, training, communication, teamwork ability, understanding lean tools, and continuous improvement
The relationship between agility capabilities and organizational performance ...Alexander Decker
This document discusses the relationship between agility capabilities and organizational performance in home appliance factories in Iran. It defines agility capabilities as an organization's flexibility, quickness, responsiveness, and competency. The study aims to explore how these capabilities impact organizational performance. A survey was conducted of managers and employees in Iranian manufacturing companies to test the relationship. The results found a statistically significant positive relationship between agility capabilities and organizational performance, suggesting that enhancing capabilities like flexibility and quickness can improve performance.
The impact of the digital era on the implementation of lean six sigmaUduakLuke
This document discusses the impact of digital technologies on the implementation of Lean Six Sigma. It first reviews literature on Lean Six Sigma and how its critical success factors can vary by industry. The digital technology industry is growing rapidly and faces unique challenges. The document aims to understand hurdles to Lean Six Sigma implementation in digital emerging technology companies by identifying industry-specific critical success factors, potential modifications to the Lean Six Sigma methodology, and how data analytics capabilities can complement traditional Lean Six Sigma analytical tools. It presents results from case studies of digital technology companies that have implemented Lean Six Sigma through interviews.
analysis of interconnection between concurrent engineering and human resource...INFOGAIN PUBLICATION
In today’s global economy; the competition in market among various organizations has been increased by great extent. The success in market is depending upon innovative research in product design and development as well as its quick launching in market. Thus the main aim of the concept of Concurrent Engineering is to speed up the every process that occurs during production and reducing the new product launching time in the market. But at the same time the impact of human resource management on all the activities from hiring new employees to achieving the organizational goal can’t be neglected. The above mentioned activity of concurrent engineering is only possible if there is proper co-ordination and co-operation among various organizational departments and effective communication in employees. Also proper training to the employees for improving not only technical skills but also interpersonal skills of employees will lead towards successful achievement of an organizational goal. Hence Human Resource Management undividable interconnection with Concurrent Engineering if properly understood and studied. Thus, implementation of both concepts give rise to long term benefits to organization in terms of customer satisfaction and improved interest of shareholders as well as stakeholders. Using proper methodology it is easy to implement Human Resource Management based Concurrent Engineering to be a market leader in today’s cut- throat competition in this world.
Evaluating the barriers for enhacing the utilization level of advanced manufa...IJERA Editor
This research has been out within the field of the barriers of advanced manufacturing technology. It has been
goal to investigate the barriers affecting the implementation of AMT in the organisation. the work with this
paper has been carried out in cooperation with machine well with the goal to create recommendation for the
company in how they could implement AMT successfully in the company in order to answer the question what
should a small industry focus on to implement the AMT concept successfully, an investigation in the two middle
size industries in the Rajasthan (India) were visited. One interview was carried out with managers at both the
two companies and a questionnaire was handed out to workers. The aim was to see if there were any large
differences in the barriers of AMT which is applying in the company. The interview and questionnaire did show
that a company should know about barriers of AMT & their inter relationship if they wanted to accomplish more
in the organisation with tea work and get more busy from the employees. It is important that all workers know
the vision and goal why a company is implementing AMT. Advanced manufacturing technology (AMT) has
been viewed strategic weapon to gain competitive advantages by manufacturing organisation .
The small and medium scale industries (SMISs) are under increasing pressure to adopt advanced manufacturing
technology to be competitive or simply to survive. The successful implementation of AMT will requires the
companies to have a workforce with higher level of skills, a flexible organizational structure and include a new
culture in managing and training a workforce in the manufacturing industries. The ability of the workers to run
multiple machines, stopping production when problem occur, communication of organizational goals and
participation in idea generation and decision making are important in achieving a higher benefits of AMT. The
SMIs have to increase the educational and supervision needs of the workers and also have a higher
understanding of the technology to realize its potential.
The proposed framework has synthesized previous studies and integrated related studies through conducting a
complete literature review. This paper is a theoretical construction that synthesizes previous studies .this model
can provide managers with practical solutions through granting in depth understanding of whole internal
external technological and environmental and awarding empirical insight into overcoming barriers to the
adoption and implementation of AMT.
This study examines factors affecting adoption and implementation of enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems in discrete manufacturing companies in India. A survey was conducted of 30 manufacturing companies. The results suggest ERP is more likely to be adopted if production characteristics are compatible with ERP capabilities. However, statistical analysis showed the decision-maker's computer knowledge was more important than other factors, including production characteristics, in the decision to adopt ERP. The factors affecting implementation level were less clear. Contrary to expectations, manufacturing method did not appear significant in this sample.
1) World Class Manufacturing (WCM) originated from the Toyota Production System and focuses on eliminating waste. The seven main types of waste are transportation, inventory, motion, waiting, overproduction, overprocessing, and defects.
2) WCM aims to bring manufacturing close to customers by reducing lead times, improving quality, and implementing total preventative maintenance. Key aspects of WCM include just-in-time production, total quality management, and value stream mapping.
3) India is emerging as a manufacturing hub, with many global companies outsourcing production there due to its large talent pool and improving quality and productivity. Indian companies are adopting global quality standards and winning international awards.
8 relationship and comparison between in jit tqm and tpm a reviewprjpublications
This document reviews the relationships and comparisons between Just-in-Time (JIT), Total Quality Management (TQM), and Total Productive Maintenance (TPM). It finds that while the concepts have similarities in their goals of continuous improvement and waste reduction, they differ in their origins, key practices, and criticisms. JIT focuses on waste reduction and inventory control, TQM emphasizes customer satisfaction through quality, and TPM highlights increasing machine efficiency through maintenance. The concepts also use similar tools but focus on different areas, like Kanban for JIT and quality control tools for TQM. Combining the concepts can help organizations improve performance, as each addresses a different aspect of manufacturing improvement.
1) The document describes a method developed for implementing a mass customization framework in small and medium manufacturing companies. It involves developing a strategic vision and training material to educate personnel across key functions like production, product development, and supply chain management.
2) The method was tested through pilot projects with two manufacturing companies. It began by analyzing each company's current "mass customization as-is status" and identifying challenges. A "mass customization mountain" model was used to visualize the framework and guide development.
3) Training materials like a video animation and digital learning content were created to explain how mass customization affects different business functions and the overall process. The goal was to help employees understand the framework and how their
The document discusses Just-in-Time (JIT) manufacturing and Material Requirements Planning (MRP). It describes the key concepts and elements of JIT, including continuous improvement, eliminating waste, good housekeeping, setup time reduction, and kanbans. The advantages of JIT inventory systems are lower costs, less waste, and higher customer satisfaction. Potential disadvantages include disruptions in the supply chain if suppliers fail. MRP is also discussed as a production planning system to ensure materials and products are available when needed at the lowest possible levels. The document provides an overview of JIT and MRP concepts.
It’s high time to come to terms with hcm – the superset of hrm!prjpublications
This document summarizes a research study on measuring human capital management (HCM) in the IT industry in India. The study aims to determine if IT companies have measurement systems in place to optimize HCM and organizational performance. It reviews literature on measuring HR and human capital. The study measures HCM using 5 parameters (leadership practices, employee engagement, knowledge accessibility, workforce optimization, organizational learning capacity) and 20 factors within those parameters. Data was collected via survey from IT employees. The objectives are to characterize respondents, assess measurement systems, measure HCM value, and analyze correlations between human capital drivers. Results may show the level of focus on HCM among Indian IT firms and their understanding of its importance for knowledge-based industries
EFFECTUAL IMPLICATION OF TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT WITHIN AMAZON.COM INC.Sadia Rahat
This document discusses the fundamentals and application of total quality management (TQM) within Amazon.com Inc. It outlines key TQM fundamentals like demand forecasting, inventory management, transportation, customer service, distribution, procurement, strategic planning, and risk management. It then provides details on how Amazon applies TQM principles within its supply chain, focusing on value proposition, drop shipment model, and strategic supply chain management. Overall, the document analyzes how TQM has contributed to Amazon's success.
This document discusses how the implementation of advanced manufacturing technology (AMT) can impact organizational structure. It presents a framework showing that technology influences organizational structure at both operational and administrative levels, which then impacts employee jobs/tasks and firm performance. The framework suggests technology and structure should be aligned for superior performance. A study of 927 employees at 27 AMT firms in India revealed information on how existing structures need to change to be compatible with new technologies and improve productivity.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Multi criteria Decision model (MCDM) for the evaluation of maintenance practi...IJERA Editor
The perceptible impact of Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) lies in raising productivity standards, gaining
profitability, and improving the quality besides cutting down the non value added costs greatly. This paper is
an attempt to provide a frame work and pragmatic approach in implementation of TPM. A number of novel
success factors or practices that are responsible for the decisive role to overture the process are identified.
These practices are interchangeably called as sub-attributes. These practices must have evolved from different
strategies. The sub-attributes are quantified using least square multi attribute decision model (LSMADM) for
three alternatives strategies viz. corrective maintenance, reliability centered maintenance(RCM), and TPM. Any
sub-attribute irrespective of its own high or low relative score among the number of sub attributes is evaluated
over three alternative strategies. To implement any sub-attribute, an investigation of its highest relative score
for given alternatives will guide the managers to opt the best alternative. The best practices must come from
different strategies to get most optimal results. The priorities established using LSMADM will act as base line
to implement the industrial activities in a more systematic and balanced way to gain far-reaching optimized
productivity and quality standards. The higher priority task will be given higher consideration in terms of
committing the resources vis a vis less priority task. This will aid in orienting the collective efforts for optimal
outcomes.
The document discusses the origins and development of Just In Time (JIT) manufacturing. It explains that JIT was pioneered by Toyota in Japan after World War II as a way to increase productivity and reduce costs. The key figure in developing JIT was Taiichi Ohno at Toyota, who identified different types of waste in production like overproduction, inventory, transportation, and defects. He developed JIT principles to eliminate these wastes by having components move through production only as needed.
Mustafa Degerli - 2013 - SDPS-2013 Proceeding - More about the High-Maturity ...Dr. Mustafa Değerli
Mustafa Degerli - 2013 -More about the High-Maturity for Business Processes: Certain Distilled Practical Implications. Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Transformative Research in Science, Engineering, and Business Innovation (SDPS 2013)
Productivity Improvement of a Laboratory Equipment Manufacturing Company thro...akshay hebbar
The Small Scale Industrial sector plays a significant role in the industrial development of any country. Especially in India It has emerged as powerful tool in providing relatively larger employment next to agriculture. Global Markets are continuously changing and demanding product of high quality and low cost. In India, the survival and growth of small scale industry largely depends on its ability to innovate, improve operational efficiency and increase productivity. The importance of the Small Scale Industrial Sector is well recognized world over for its significant contribution in various fields like socioeconomic objectives, thereby creating a higher growth of employment, promotion of exports, output and encouraging youngsters to take up entrepreneurship. To maintain business arena in Small Scale Industries it is of most important to win hearts of customer by delivering products according to the requirement of the customer, quality, time and cost of the product of service. To achieve this Small Scale Industries should have sustainable production with continuous improvement. The Aim of this project is to minimize the inventory, optimize the rate of production and maintenance scheduling for the Tech-Ed Equipment Company. Using the concepts of ERP, inventory classification scheduling, Likert scale to minimize the company’s problems in the area of purchase, production and service. The main purpose of this project is to bring lean concepts in small scale industries in India, where industries are working on very old and obsolete techniques of manufacturing and there is no any working culture available and even they are not thinking to develop it.
This document provides an executive summary and table of contents for a project report on quality management for an ERP implementation project at Saudi Electricity Company. The report will use a case study approach, first reviewing literature on critical success factors for ERP implementations including top management support, project management, and change management. It will then describe the ERP implementation project at SEC and analyze it in light of the literature.
Application of vsm (lean tool) in indian tyre indusrty ( published at procee...rksai22
This document summarizes a case study on applying the lean tool of value stream mapping (VSM) in an Indian tyre manufacturing unit. The study developed a current state map by observing material and information flows and cycle times. Opportunities for improvement were identified, such as increasing tyre building production and reducing tyre curing cycle time. A future state map was then developed. The case study found that VSM is a useful lean tool for redesigning production systems to improve productivity and meet increasing customer demand. However, the study was limited to a single motorcycle tyre plant.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology.
IRJET- A Review on “Productivity Improvement in Small Scale Industries”IRJET Journal
This document reviews productivity improvement in small scale industries. It discusses how small scale industries are important to the Indian economy, providing employment and contributing significantly to production and exports. However, global markets demand high quality, low cost products. Total Productivity Management (TPM) implementation can help increase productivity, quality, and organizational performance in small industries. The document presents a case study of a small industry implementing TPM to enhance Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE). Results showed improvements in OEE, reductions in performance losses, and benefits from TPM initiatives. The review concludes more effort is needed to develop effective TPM implementation models for small industries in India.
IRJET- Assessment of Role of Material Management in Construction ProjectsIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research study that assessed the role of material management in construction projects. Material management aims to ensure the right quality and quantity of materials are obtained in a timely manner at a reasonable cost. Materials make up 60-70% of construction project costs, so effective material management is important to control costs. The study involved a survey of construction professionals in India to identify and rank factors that affect material management. Training staff, forecasting market prices, and communication between suppliers and purchasers were among the top ranked factors. The study provides a ranking of 64 factors and categorizes them into groups to help identify areas for improved material management practices.
A study of corporatization of civic management (1)prj_publication
This document discusses the need to adopt corporate principles in civic management. It notes that ancient Indian cities like Harappa and Mohenjodaro were well developed due to principles of efficiency, effectiveness, and optimal resource use. However, modern civic management lacks professionalism and fails to optimally utilize resources. The paper argues for civic bodies to incorporate corporate objectives focused on issues like working culture differences, converging objectives, and processes. Specific recommendations include long-term city planning, adequate land allocation, improved transportation, efficient water management, and addressing rural-urban migration. The goal is for civic bodies to effectively serve citizens and improve quality of life, like corporate organizations.
This document analyzes cement consumption in Chennai, India. It finds that Coromandel Cement, Dalmia Cement, Ultra Tech Cement, and Zuari Cement dominate the market, together accounting for over 50% of consumption. Housing and construction contractors account for the largest share of cement use at 55%. Major infrastructure projects underway in Chennai, like expanding the airport and developing metro rail lines, are expected to further increase cement demand. The study concludes cement production in India is projected to increase to 315-320 million tons by the end of the current fiscal year, driven largely by housing development and growth of the construction industry.
Evaluating the barriers for enhacing the utilization level of advanced manufa...IJERA Editor
This research has been out within the field of the barriers of advanced manufacturing technology. It has been
goal to investigate the barriers affecting the implementation of AMT in the organisation. the work with this
paper has been carried out in cooperation with machine well with the goal to create recommendation for the
company in how they could implement AMT successfully in the company in order to answer the question what
should a small industry focus on to implement the AMT concept successfully, an investigation in the two middle
size industries in the Rajasthan (India) were visited. One interview was carried out with managers at both the
two companies and a questionnaire was handed out to workers. The aim was to see if there were any large
differences in the barriers of AMT which is applying in the company. The interview and questionnaire did show
that a company should know about barriers of AMT & their inter relationship if they wanted to accomplish more
in the organisation with tea work and get more busy from the employees. It is important that all workers know
the vision and goal why a company is implementing AMT. Advanced manufacturing technology (AMT) has
been viewed strategic weapon to gain competitive advantages by manufacturing organisation .
The small and medium scale industries (SMISs) are under increasing pressure to adopt advanced manufacturing
technology to be competitive or simply to survive. The successful implementation of AMT will requires the
companies to have a workforce with higher level of skills, a flexible organizational structure and include a new
culture in managing and training a workforce in the manufacturing industries. The ability of the workers to run
multiple machines, stopping production when problem occur, communication of organizational goals and
participation in idea generation and decision making are important in achieving a higher benefits of AMT. The
SMIs have to increase the educational and supervision needs of the workers and also have a higher
understanding of the technology to realize its potential.
The proposed framework has synthesized previous studies and integrated related studies through conducting a
complete literature review. This paper is a theoretical construction that synthesizes previous studies .this model
can provide managers with practical solutions through granting in depth understanding of whole internal
external technological and environmental and awarding empirical insight into overcoming barriers to the
adoption and implementation of AMT.
This study examines factors affecting adoption and implementation of enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems in discrete manufacturing companies in India. A survey was conducted of 30 manufacturing companies. The results suggest ERP is more likely to be adopted if production characteristics are compatible with ERP capabilities. However, statistical analysis showed the decision-maker's computer knowledge was more important than other factors, including production characteristics, in the decision to adopt ERP. The factors affecting implementation level were less clear. Contrary to expectations, manufacturing method did not appear significant in this sample.
1) World Class Manufacturing (WCM) originated from the Toyota Production System and focuses on eliminating waste. The seven main types of waste are transportation, inventory, motion, waiting, overproduction, overprocessing, and defects.
2) WCM aims to bring manufacturing close to customers by reducing lead times, improving quality, and implementing total preventative maintenance. Key aspects of WCM include just-in-time production, total quality management, and value stream mapping.
3) India is emerging as a manufacturing hub, with many global companies outsourcing production there due to its large talent pool and improving quality and productivity. Indian companies are adopting global quality standards and winning international awards.
8 relationship and comparison between in jit tqm and tpm a reviewprjpublications
This document reviews the relationships and comparisons between Just-in-Time (JIT), Total Quality Management (TQM), and Total Productive Maintenance (TPM). It finds that while the concepts have similarities in their goals of continuous improvement and waste reduction, they differ in their origins, key practices, and criticisms. JIT focuses on waste reduction and inventory control, TQM emphasizes customer satisfaction through quality, and TPM highlights increasing machine efficiency through maintenance. The concepts also use similar tools but focus on different areas, like Kanban for JIT and quality control tools for TQM. Combining the concepts can help organizations improve performance, as each addresses a different aspect of manufacturing improvement.
1) The document describes a method developed for implementing a mass customization framework in small and medium manufacturing companies. It involves developing a strategic vision and training material to educate personnel across key functions like production, product development, and supply chain management.
2) The method was tested through pilot projects with two manufacturing companies. It began by analyzing each company's current "mass customization as-is status" and identifying challenges. A "mass customization mountain" model was used to visualize the framework and guide development.
3) Training materials like a video animation and digital learning content were created to explain how mass customization affects different business functions and the overall process. The goal was to help employees understand the framework and how their
The document discusses Just-in-Time (JIT) manufacturing and Material Requirements Planning (MRP). It describes the key concepts and elements of JIT, including continuous improvement, eliminating waste, good housekeeping, setup time reduction, and kanbans. The advantages of JIT inventory systems are lower costs, less waste, and higher customer satisfaction. Potential disadvantages include disruptions in the supply chain if suppliers fail. MRP is also discussed as a production planning system to ensure materials and products are available when needed at the lowest possible levels. The document provides an overview of JIT and MRP concepts.
It’s high time to come to terms with hcm – the superset of hrm!prjpublications
This document summarizes a research study on measuring human capital management (HCM) in the IT industry in India. The study aims to determine if IT companies have measurement systems in place to optimize HCM and organizational performance. It reviews literature on measuring HR and human capital. The study measures HCM using 5 parameters (leadership practices, employee engagement, knowledge accessibility, workforce optimization, organizational learning capacity) and 20 factors within those parameters. Data was collected via survey from IT employees. The objectives are to characterize respondents, assess measurement systems, measure HCM value, and analyze correlations between human capital drivers. Results may show the level of focus on HCM among Indian IT firms and their understanding of its importance for knowledge-based industries
EFFECTUAL IMPLICATION OF TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT WITHIN AMAZON.COM INC.Sadia Rahat
This document discusses the fundamentals and application of total quality management (TQM) within Amazon.com Inc. It outlines key TQM fundamentals like demand forecasting, inventory management, transportation, customer service, distribution, procurement, strategic planning, and risk management. It then provides details on how Amazon applies TQM principles within its supply chain, focusing on value proposition, drop shipment model, and strategic supply chain management. Overall, the document analyzes how TQM has contributed to Amazon's success.
This document discusses how the implementation of advanced manufacturing technology (AMT) can impact organizational structure. It presents a framework showing that technology influences organizational structure at both operational and administrative levels, which then impacts employee jobs/tasks and firm performance. The framework suggests technology and structure should be aligned for superior performance. A study of 927 employees at 27 AMT firms in India revealed information on how existing structures need to change to be compatible with new technologies and improve productivity.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Multi criteria Decision model (MCDM) for the evaluation of maintenance practi...IJERA Editor
The perceptible impact of Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) lies in raising productivity standards, gaining
profitability, and improving the quality besides cutting down the non value added costs greatly. This paper is
an attempt to provide a frame work and pragmatic approach in implementation of TPM. A number of novel
success factors or practices that are responsible for the decisive role to overture the process are identified.
These practices are interchangeably called as sub-attributes. These practices must have evolved from different
strategies. The sub-attributes are quantified using least square multi attribute decision model (LSMADM) for
three alternatives strategies viz. corrective maintenance, reliability centered maintenance(RCM), and TPM. Any
sub-attribute irrespective of its own high or low relative score among the number of sub attributes is evaluated
over three alternative strategies. To implement any sub-attribute, an investigation of its highest relative score
for given alternatives will guide the managers to opt the best alternative. The best practices must come from
different strategies to get most optimal results. The priorities established using LSMADM will act as base line
to implement the industrial activities in a more systematic and balanced way to gain far-reaching optimized
productivity and quality standards. The higher priority task will be given higher consideration in terms of
committing the resources vis a vis less priority task. This will aid in orienting the collective efforts for optimal
outcomes.
The document discusses the origins and development of Just In Time (JIT) manufacturing. It explains that JIT was pioneered by Toyota in Japan after World War II as a way to increase productivity and reduce costs. The key figure in developing JIT was Taiichi Ohno at Toyota, who identified different types of waste in production like overproduction, inventory, transportation, and defects. He developed JIT principles to eliminate these wastes by having components move through production only as needed.
Mustafa Degerli - 2013 - SDPS-2013 Proceeding - More about the High-Maturity ...Dr. Mustafa Değerli
Mustafa Degerli - 2013 -More about the High-Maturity for Business Processes: Certain Distilled Practical Implications. Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Transformative Research in Science, Engineering, and Business Innovation (SDPS 2013)
Productivity Improvement of a Laboratory Equipment Manufacturing Company thro...akshay hebbar
The Small Scale Industrial sector plays a significant role in the industrial development of any country. Especially in India It has emerged as powerful tool in providing relatively larger employment next to agriculture. Global Markets are continuously changing and demanding product of high quality and low cost. In India, the survival and growth of small scale industry largely depends on its ability to innovate, improve operational efficiency and increase productivity. The importance of the Small Scale Industrial Sector is well recognized world over for its significant contribution in various fields like socioeconomic objectives, thereby creating a higher growth of employment, promotion of exports, output and encouraging youngsters to take up entrepreneurship. To maintain business arena in Small Scale Industries it is of most important to win hearts of customer by delivering products according to the requirement of the customer, quality, time and cost of the product of service. To achieve this Small Scale Industries should have sustainable production with continuous improvement. The Aim of this project is to minimize the inventory, optimize the rate of production and maintenance scheduling for the Tech-Ed Equipment Company. Using the concepts of ERP, inventory classification scheduling, Likert scale to minimize the company’s problems in the area of purchase, production and service. The main purpose of this project is to bring lean concepts in small scale industries in India, where industries are working on very old and obsolete techniques of manufacturing and there is no any working culture available and even they are not thinking to develop it.
This document provides an executive summary and table of contents for a project report on quality management for an ERP implementation project at Saudi Electricity Company. The report will use a case study approach, first reviewing literature on critical success factors for ERP implementations including top management support, project management, and change management. It will then describe the ERP implementation project at SEC and analyze it in light of the literature.
Application of vsm (lean tool) in indian tyre indusrty ( published at procee...rksai22
This document summarizes a case study on applying the lean tool of value stream mapping (VSM) in an Indian tyre manufacturing unit. The study developed a current state map by observing material and information flows and cycle times. Opportunities for improvement were identified, such as increasing tyre building production and reducing tyre curing cycle time. A future state map was then developed. The case study found that VSM is a useful lean tool for redesigning production systems to improve productivity and meet increasing customer demand. However, the study was limited to a single motorcycle tyre plant.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology.
IRJET- A Review on “Productivity Improvement in Small Scale Industries”IRJET Journal
This document reviews productivity improvement in small scale industries. It discusses how small scale industries are important to the Indian economy, providing employment and contributing significantly to production and exports. However, global markets demand high quality, low cost products. Total Productivity Management (TPM) implementation can help increase productivity, quality, and organizational performance in small industries. The document presents a case study of a small industry implementing TPM to enhance Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE). Results showed improvements in OEE, reductions in performance losses, and benefits from TPM initiatives. The review concludes more effort is needed to develop effective TPM implementation models for small industries in India.
IRJET- Assessment of Role of Material Management in Construction ProjectsIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research study that assessed the role of material management in construction projects. Material management aims to ensure the right quality and quantity of materials are obtained in a timely manner at a reasonable cost. Materials make up 60-70% of construction project costs, so effective material management is important to control costs. The study involved a survey of construction professionals in India to identify and rank factors that affect material management. Training staff, forecasting market prices, and communication between suppliers and purchasers were among the top ranked factors. The study provides a ranking of 64 factors and categorizes them into groups to help identify areas for improved material management practices.
A study of corporatization of civic management (1)prj_publication
This document discusses the need to adopt corporate principles in civic management. It notes that ancient Indian cities like Harappa and Mohenjodaro were well developed due to principles of efficiency, effectiveness, and optimal resource use. However, modern civic management lacks professionalism and fails to optimally utilize resources. The paper argues for civic bodies to incorporate corporate objectives focused on issues like working culture differences, converging objectives, and processes. Specific recommendations include long-term city planning, adequate land allocation, improved transportation, efficient water management, and addressing rural-urban migration. The goal is for civic bodies to effectively serve citizens and improve quality of life, like corporate organizations.
This document analyzes cement consumption in Chennai, India. It finds that Coromandel Cement, Dalmia Cement, Ultra Tech Cement, and Zuari Cement dominate the market, together accounting for over 50% of consumption. Housing and construction contractors account for the largest share of cement use at 55%. Major infrastructure projects underway in Chennai, like expanding the airport and developing metro rail lines, are expected to further increase cement demand. The study concludes cement production in India is projected to increase to 315-320 million tons by the end of the current fiscal year, driven largely by housing development and growth of the construction industry.
Indian agribusiness and globalisation prospects and challenges 2 (1)prj_publication
This document summarizes an article on Indian agribusiness and globalization. It discusses how agribusiness in India has undergone changes since economic liberalization in 1991-1992. Globalization has led to more professional and scientific approaches in agribusiness. It has opened opportunities for socio-economic growth through diversification, increased productivity and employment. However, globalization also presents challenges like income inequality and loss of national sovereignty. The document also examines prospects and challenges for Indian agribusiness in the current globalized environment. It suggests measures like addressing socio-economic imbalances, facilitating innovation, and ensuring fair trade practices.
It’s high time to come to terms with hcm – the superset of hrm!prj_publication
This document summarizes a research study on measuring human capital management (HCM) in the IT industry in India. The study uses a measurement tool developed by Laurie Bassi and Daniel McMurrer that evaluates HCM across five parameters: leadership practices, employee engagement, knowledge accessibility, workforce optimization, and organizational learning capacity. Each parameter contains four related factors. The study collected data from IT industry employees using a questionnaire to measure responses to statements related to the 20 factors. The objectives were to understand respondent demographics, determine if their organizations measure HCM, measure overall HCM value, and analyze correlations between HCM parameters. The study aims to help organizations better optimize HCM and performance through quantitative measurement.
Launched in 2013 in New York City, FUNBASH provides large-scale board games and activities to eliminate boredom at social events. Their goal is to create an exciting experience for both children and adults through games from both past and present. They host events for clients across a variety of settings, from schools and senior centers to parties, in order to foster social engagement and fun through gameplay.
This document summarizes a research study on the relationship between corporate culture, innovation, and reward systems in small firms. The study found that corporate cultures supporting innovation through values like accepting failure can be reinforced by appropriate reward systems. A survey of 68 small firms in India found statistically significant relationships between cultural features encouraging innovation and innovation-linked rewards and compensation elements. The document concludes that corporate culture and reward systems can both encourage and sustain innovation in organizations if aligned properly.
Co integration and causality analysis of dynamic linkagesprj_publication
This document analyzes the relationship between the Indian stock market and equity markets of developed countries like the U.S., U.K., France, Germany, Japan, Hong Kong, and Australia for the period after the global recession from 2010 to 2013. Johansen cointegration analysis found evidence of a long-term relationship between the markets, though some pairwise comparisons did not show cointegration. Granger causality tests also found short-term relationships between some country pairs. Specifically, the analysis indicates funds from Germany, Japan, and the U.S. could benefit from diversifying into India, while India does not qualify as a diversification opportunity for some other countries due to cointegration.
Emotional intelligence in teachers a tool to transform educational institutes...prj_publication
This document summarizes a study on the factors relating to academic achievement and home environment of higher secondary economics students in Namakkal District, Tamil Nadu, India. The study used a sample of 409 students and analyzed the relationship between academic achievement, home environment, and variables like gender, school location/type. It found no significant differences in home environment between boys and girls or government and private school students. However, rural students had a significantly higher home environment score than urban students. The study aims to help educationists and parents understand how to support student academic achievement.
Lycopodium is a genus of small herbaceous or shrubby plants classified in the division Lycophyta. The modern representatives are small compared to related plants from the Carboniferous period that grew as large trees. Lycopodium species have small, simple leaves and produce homosporous sporangia. They have a heteromorphic life cycle with a subterranean gametophyte generation. Lycopodium species are found worldwide in tropical and subtropical forests. Some grow as epiphytes in the tropics. Traditional herbal medicine uses certain Lycopodium species.
Management of shock and volatility spillover effects across equity marketsprj_publication
This document analyzes shock and volatility spillover effects between the stock markets of India, Singapore, and South Korea during three periods: a pre-crisis boom period, the global recession period, and a post-recession period. Using a multivariate BEKK-GARCH model on daily stock index returns, it finds that the markets exhibit strong own shock and volatility effects in all periods. Regarding cross-market spillovers, India plays a leading role in transmitting both shocks and volatility to Singapore and South Korea markets. The findings suggest international investors should consider this strong integration when assessing potential gains from international portfolios.
Role of fdi in india an emerging option for sustainable economic growthprj_publication
The document discusses foreign direct investment (FDI) in the retail sector in India. It makes several key points:
1) FDI in multi-brand retail was recently approved by the Indian government and is expected to generate significant employment, benefit farmers and stressed retail companies, and provide opportunities for real estate development.
2) Organized retail currently accounts for a small portion of the large Indian retail market, representing a major growth opportunity. FDI can help the development of supply chain infrastructure and storage facilities.
3) Major international retailers like Walmart and IKEA are making plans to enter the Indian market as FDI rules are liberalized, and future opportunities for investment in India are substantial given its large population
Inquiry on womens entrepreneurship in arar city saudiprj_publication
This study investigated women's entrepreneurship intentions among female students at Northern Border University in Arar City, Saudi Arabia. A survey was administered to 400 students, 73% of whom were female. The study found that female students preferred being employees rather than starting their own businesses. Male students were more motivated toward entrepreneurship by "pull factors" like independence and wealth creation. The study concluded there is a significant relationship between gender, family work experience, field of study, and desire to start a business. It recommended policy changes to strengthen entrepreneurship among female students in Arar City to address high unemployment rates.
‘E aushadhi’ a drug warehouse management systemprj_publication
- The document describes an electronic drug warehouse management system called "e-Aushadhi" implemented in Rajasthan, India.
- E-Aushadhi aims to efficiently manage drug inventory across district warehouses to ensure required materials are constantly available without delay.
- It overcomes issues with traditional systems by introducing features like drug locators, expiration alerts, purchase order tracking, and quality control management.
Is the higher quality financial reporting improves csr investment efficiency ...prj_publication
This document discusses the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) investment, financial reporting quality, and future financial performance of companies in India. It finds that there is a positive relationship between CSR investment and future profitability for companies with high-quality financial reporting, while there is a negative relationship for companies with low-quality financial reporting. Higher-quality financial reporting improves CSR investment efficiency by mitigating agency problems, resulting in CSR investments that benefit stakeholders and improve financial performance. The document provides background on CSR and financial reporting quality in India and discusses how high-quality financial reporting can create a positive link between CSR investment and future profitability.
This document discusses the planning and implementation of library automation using RFID technology at the Central Library of Central Institute of Technology Kokrajhar in Assam, India. It outlines the 12 step process they followed, including acquiring knowledge, conducting a market survey and feasibility study, selecting hardware and software, getting project approval, issuing a tender, monitoring implementation, trial services, training users, and final implementation. The systematic planning approach allowed the project to be completed without major problems. The steps provide guidance for other libraries automating their systems.
This document reviews literature on enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems in higher education. It discusses how ERP systems aim to improve efficiency, accessibility and user performance in universities. While ERP implementations are expensive and complex, they provide benefits like improved access to information, streamlined processes, and knowledge sharing. The success of ERP projects depends on both the organization's internal groups like top management and academic administrators, as well as the vendor's groups like project executors and domain experts. Customization of ERP systems should be minimized to avoid increased costs and integration issues later on.
According to a survey of over 800 readers:
- Nearly a third of residents in the area do not feel safe in their own neighborhoods, citing issues like family violence, drugs, and alcohol as fears.
- The number of calls for police help in the area has tripled in the past few years, with police attending an "incident of harm" every four hours on average. Rates of aggravated burglary and property crime have also increased significantly.
- Over a quarter of respondents said they or someone they knew had experienced a drug or alcohol-fueled assault in the past year. The poll suggests rising crime rates and feelings of safety are major issues of concern for local residents.
Failure of tube reduced in split air conditionerprjpublications
This document summarizes a research paper that uses Six Sigma methodology to reduce failures of tubes in split air conditioners. The paper:
1) Defines the problem as leakage found in evaporator assemblies due to tube dimension variations. Six Sigma's DMAIC approach is used to identify the root cause.
2) In the measure phase, flaring angle, diameter, and torque are measured and process capabilities are calculated to determine how much variation exists.
3) The analyze phase identifies flaring diameter and angle as the two most important factors and statistically verifies them using various tests.
4) The document provides figures and diagrams to support the methodology and findings at each stage of the DMAIC process.
This case study examines quality improvement efforts at Caparo Maruti Ltd through the application of Six Sigma methodology. The company manufactures sheet metal automobile parts, including cross members. Data was collected on inspections of 187525 cross member parts over 5 months, finding 67 defects. Major defects included welding failures causing nut misplacement or damage. Pareto and line charts identified the primary defect as M8 nut failure during projection welding. Root cause analysis using a fishbone diagram indicated issues with the welding process, including variation in weld gun position, nut placement, and material quality. Recommendations were made to improve the welding process and reduce defects.
This is complete research and study on the Six sigma and its methodology with case studies of Motorola and GE etc. This will help you a lot in understanding Six Sigma in Detail.
An Application of Green Quality Function Deployment to Designing an Air Condi...IJERA Editor
The paper tackles a systematic and operational approach to Green Quality Function Deployment (GQFD), a customer oriented survey based quality management system with regular improvement in product development. GQFD shows balance between product development and environmental protection. GQFD is not used to determine their attributes and their levels. GQFD captures what product developers “think” would best satisfy customer needs considering Environmental factor. This research used Air Conditioner as a case study for implementation of GQFD. In the design of a new Air Conditioner, apply GQFD to find out the most important parameter and functions from customer point of view and then find out Technical Characteristics. These important parameters are then put into house of quality and make relation matrix between voice of customer and Technical Characteristics. From the result of QFD applied to Air Conditioner are short out the parameter which are require modification according to voice of customer and the result has used for new design.
PROCESS OPTIMIZATION IN STEEL INDUSTRY USING DMAIC ANALYSISIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that used DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control) methodology to optimize the manufacturing process of TMT steel bars in a local steel industry. The goal was to improve product quality by identifying significant factors affecting yield strength. In the define phase, yield strength and tensile strength were identified as critical quality factors. In the measure phase, data was collected and process capability was found to be around 2.9 sigma. In the analyze phase, factors like heating temperature, water pressure, and material composition were identified via fishbone diagram. Factorial experiments were conducted to study their effects. Pareto analysis identified heating temperature and water pressure as most significant factors. The study aims to
Elimination of rework in V Cap by Using Six Sigma MethodologyIJERD Editor
The purpose of this project was to gain a strong understanding of Six Sigma management philosophy, concepts, and practices and to apply this knowledge to creating a Six Sigma academic course or training program. This was done through three main methods: preliminary research and data collection, the creation of a design model for Six Sigma academic course program establishment, and the creation of a Six Sigma academic course program syllabus. The preliminary research consisted of conducting a Six Sigma knowledge survey with the students of Worcester Polytechnic Institute, interviewing a Six Sigma expert, and examining current Six Sigma educational programs in other universities, businesses, and organizations. As a result of our observations, we determined that Six Sigma has become a large part of many companies and should be implemented into more engineering programs at universities nation-wide, including Worcester Polytechnic Institute. This can be done through a project based course, as well as more Six Sigma based Interactive and Major Qualifying Projects.
Quality Improvement Of Fan Manufacturing Industry By Using Basic Seven Tools ...IJERA Editor
This document summarizes a case study conducted at Fecto Fan Company in Gujranwala, Pakistan to address quality issues in their fan manufacturing process. The researcher implemented the basic seven quality tools - flow chart, check sheet, histogram, Pareto chart, cause-and-effect diagram, scatter diagram, and control charts. These tools helped identify the major defects causing 80% of issues, determine their root causes, remove the defects, and ensure the manufacturing process is now under statistical control. Implementing quality tools through the DMAIC methodology improved the process and reduced defects.
IRJET- Productivity Improvement Kaizen of XC-60 HousingIRJET Journal
1) The document discusses improvements made to the productivity and quality of an aluminum die casting process for an XC-60 housing component through the application of Kaizen methodology.
2) Major defects identified through analysis of 100 samples included dents, blackmarks, failures of M4 gauge tests and slider fits. Changes to dies, fixtures, and processes reduced rejection rates for these defects.
3) Additional changes such as a pneumatic slider cutting fixture and optimized sanding procedures increased productivity from 87 to 128 units and reduced cycle times from 71 to 48 minutes by addressing bottlenecks in machining and trimming operations.
Application of Six-Sigma- A Case Study of an Automobile Lightening CompanyIRJET Journal
This document describes a case study applying Six Sigma methodology to reduce defects at an automobile lighting company. It discusses using DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control) to analyze the low beam module manufacturing process. Measurement found one fixture was applying insufficient glue, on average 11g vs the specification of 12-14g. Analysis identified the glue amount as a key factor affecting defects. The goal is reducing leakage defects in low beam modules to improve customer satisfaction.
The document provides details about the planning, analysis, and design of a hostel building project using STAAD Pro software. Key points include:
- The project involves constructing a 4-story hostel building with a total plinth area of 16072.89 sqm.
- STAAD Pro software will be used to analyze the structure by applying loads and obtaining results like shear forces and bending moments.
- The design of structural elements like beams and columns will then be done manually using the results from the STAAD analysis as per code specifications.
- The objectives are to analyze the framed structure both statically and dynamically, and design the structural elements based on the STAAD Pro output
This document describes using Quality Function Deployment (QFD) and the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ) to optimize the mathematical modeling of components for virtual durability simulation. It presents a case study where QFD's House of Quality matrix was used to determine the best way to attach components in the model based on customer needs. TRIZ was then used to resolve conflicts between modeling approaches. The best approach found was to use square elements for meshing and attach components via RBE3 elements. QFD and TRIZ provided systematic methods to evaluate alternatives and resolve issues in developing the computational simulation model.
STUDY ON THE DEFECTS AND TO IMPROVE THE PROCESS CAPABILITY OF TREAD RUBBER US...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a study on defects in the tread rubber manufacturing process and improving process capability using DMAIC methodology. It aims to evaluate the processes at a tread rubber company to identify defects and determine if the process is capable. The main defects found were variation in tread dimensions and bubbles, cracks, soft regions, and sharp edges occurring during extrusion. Using DMAIC methodology's define, measure, analyze, improve, and control phases, potential causes of defects were identified and solutions were proposed. Process measurements before and after changes showed an increase in process capability for width and thickness dimensions.
A Review: Six Sigma Implementation Practice in Manufacturing IndustriesIJERA Editor
This document summarizes a research paper that reviews the practice of Six Sigma implementation in manufacturing industries. It discusses the key steps of the DMAIC methodology used in Six Sigma projects. Case studies from nine industries are presented that implemented Six Sigma through DMAIC to improve processes and reduce defects. Common tools used at each DMAIC phase are identified, such as Pareto charts, cause-and-effect diagrams, and control charts. The case studies achieved benefits like cost savings, reduced defects, and improved process cycle times through Six Sigma.
Implementation of Six Sigma Using DMAIC Methodology in Small Scale Industries...IJMER
The fast changing economic conditions such as global completion, declining profit margin, customer demand for high quality product, product variety and reduced lead time etc had a major impact on manufacturing industries. To respond to these needs a new paradigm in this area of manufacturing strategies is six sigma. The six sigma has been increasingly adopted world wide in the manufacturing sector in order to enhance productivity and quality performance and to make the process robust to quality variations. This paper deals with an application of six sigma using DMAIC methodology in a gas industry which provides a frame work to identify, quantify and eliminate sources of variation in an operational process in question, to optimize the operation variables, improve and sustain performance viz process yield with well executed control plans. Six sigma improves the process performance of the critical operational process, leading to better utilization of resources, decreases variations and maintains consistent quality of the process output.
IRJET- Quality Improvement in Building Construction using Six SigmaIRJET Journal
This document discusses using Six Sigma principles to improve quality in building construction. Six Sigma aims to minimize variation and defects by identifying and addressing their causes. The DMAIC methodology is used, which stands for Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control. This allows construction projects to define problems, measure quality levels, analyze causes of defects, improve processes to address those causes, and put controls in place to maintain quality improvements. Implementing Six Sigma in this way can help construction projects achieve higher quality standards and levels nearing zero defects to better satisfy customers.
IRJET- Application of Lean Six Sigma PrinciplesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes the application of Lean Six Sigma principles to improve the dip-spin anti-rust coating process at Aum Dacro Pvt. Ltd. The author conducted the project using the DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control) approach. In the Define phase, the problem and objectives were defined. In the Measure phase, comprehensive process data was collected. In the Analyze phase, possible causes for defects were identified using a cause-and-effect diagram and the most significant causes were analyzed. In the Improve phase, solutions to address the key causes were developed. The Control phase of ongoing monitoring was outside the scope of this project. Design-Expert statistical software was used
IRJET- Achieving Total Quality Management in Construction Project using Six S...IRJET Journal
This document discusses applying Six Sigma concepts to construction scheduling to improve quality and reduce delays. It defines the DMAIC process used, which stands for Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control. An IT building construction project is used as a case study. The number of completed and delayed activities is measured. Using these numbers, the Defects Per Million Opportunities (DPMO) and Sigma level are calculated to assess quality. Major delay reasons like labor shortages are identified. The goal is to recommend improvements to reduce schedule variations and delays using Six Sigma approaches.
IRJET- Quality Audit of Public Building Project by using Six Sigma TechniquesIRJET Journal
This document discusses using Six Sigma techniques to improve the quality of public building projects. It begins with an abstract that introduces Six Sigma as a data-driven approach to reducing defects. The document then provides background on Six Sigma, including its DMAIC methodology of Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control. It discusses applying Six Sigma principles like DMAIC to a case study of a public sector construction project to improve quality and meet standards. The document also reviews literature on applying Six Sigma in construction and defines key aspects of Six Sigma, such as its metrics and belt system. Overall, the document examines how Six Sigma techniques can help construction projects reduce defects and variability to enhance quality.
Similar to Failure of tube reduced in split air conditioner (2) (20)
This document discusses several topics related to library management systems, including international library management systems, learning management systems, digital library solutions, RFID library management systems, and a learning management system called LearnSoft. It provides details on the features and modules of different library and learning management systems, including cataloguing, circulation, acquisition, serials control, and more. The document also discusses the importance and benefits of implementing a learning or digital library management system.
Smes role in reduction of the unemployment problem in the area located in sa...prj_publication
This study examines the role of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in reducing unemployment in northern Saudi Arabia. It analyzes survey responses from 1,370 SME workers. The study finds: 1) SMEs positively contribute to economic development and solving unemployment; 2) Low SME salaries discourage local workers; 3) Government support is needed to encourage SMEs and reduce unemployment through loans and higher wages. The study recommends government sponsorship of SMEs to create jobs and increase loan support for SMEs to reduce unemployment.
Diabetes and allied diseases research in india – aprj_publication
This document discusses a bibliometric study of diabetes and allied disease research in India using Bradford's law of scattering. It analyzes 8,156 publications from 1995-2013 in PubMed. The study finds that journal articles are the most common form of publication, accounting for 87.78% of the research output. When journals are ranked by number of publications, the top 28 journals containing 33.33% of all articles are identified as the core journals. However, the distribution of journals and articles across zones does not perfectly fit Bradford's model. The study provides insights into the literature and sources of diabetes research in India.
Influences of child endorsers on the consumersprj_publication
This document summarizes a study that analyzes the level of influence that child endorsers have on consumers through commercials. The study aims to understand how advertisements endorsed by children impact consumers' purchasing behavior. Previous literature found that celebrity endorsements can positively impact brand awareness and recall. However, no prior studies examined the specific impact of children or kids' endorsements. The current study uses a survey of TV viewers in Coimbatore, India to understand consumers' perceptions of advertisements endorsed by child celebrities and whether these ads influence buying behavior. The study tests the hypothesis that there is a significant association between products endorsed by kids and impacts on purchasing behavior.
Connecting the ‘long tails’ of content and usersprj_publication
Academic libraries hold unexplored resources ("long tail" of content) and serve niche users not reached through traditional means. Social media can connect these long tails by allowing libraries to package obscure content and map niche users on social media platforms. Libraries can identify relevant unexplored content, analyze its value, tag it for searchability, and share on social networks. They can also understand users' interests, map what social media they use, and create profiles to connect enriched content with prospective niche users. This helps academic libraries better serve users not served through traditional channels.
The role of green intellectual capital management in acquiring green competit...prj_publication
This document discusses green intellectual capital management and its role in acquiring green competitive advantage for companies. It begins with an abstract that introduces the relationship between green intellectual capital and green competitive advantage. It then provides background on environmental regulations and consumer environmentalism that have changed patterns of competition. The document discusses several models of intellectual capital management and introduces a green intellectual capital knowledge-based model. It examines components of green intellectual capital including green human capital, green structural capital, and green relational capital and their impact on green competitive advantage.
Awareness of digital library among library professionalprj_publication
1. The document discusses a study on the awareness of digital libraries among library professionals in Dindigul District, India.
2. It finds that most respondents were between the ages of 41-50, had a Master's in library science, and were aware of open source digital libraries.
3. The study concluded that digital libraries allow for improved knowledge sharing, access, and distribution over traditional libraries. Most respondents expressed favorable views towards digital libraries and a willingness to apply their concepts.
The study of scope and implementation of lean aspectsprj_publication
The document discusses the scope and implementation of lean aspects in the pharmaceutical industry. It begins by noting that pharmaceutical companies face challenges like rising costs and need to deliver quality products quickly within a competitive environment. While other industries have benefited from approaches like Lean and Six Sigma, the pharmaceutical industry has been slow to adopt lean manufacturing.
The study aims to outline the scope for applying lean management principles in the pharmaceutical industry in order to improve quality and efficiency. It conducted surveys at 6 pharmaceutical companies in Hyderabad, India to understand their quality systems and potential for lean implementation. The surveys found awareness of lean was highest through websites and management guides, while business processes showed the lowest awareness. This indicates pharmaceutical firms should look for more opportunities to apply
Review of three categories of fingerprint recognition 2prj_publication
This document reviews three categories of fingerprint recognition techniques: minutiae-based matching, pattern based matching, and correlation-based matching. Minutiae-based matching is the most popular and analyzes ridge endings and bifurcations. Pattern based matching uses fingerprint patterns like loops and whorls. Correlation-based matching overlays images and computes pixel correlations. The document also discusses challenges with fingerprint identification like low quality images and evaluates different enhancement and feature extraction methods.
Extended information technology enabled service quality model for life insura...prj_publication
This document summarizes a research study that aimed to develop an extended information technology enabled service quality model for life insurance services, specifically for Life Insurance Corporation of India. The study investigated the relationship between information technology, service quality, and customer satisfaction in the life insurance sector. A survey was conducted with 221 life insurance customers in Burdwan district, India. The results of the study were analyzed using SPSS software to test hypotheses and better understand the dimensional structure of service quality in the life insurance sector.
Prevalence and factors of smoking among the saudi youth in the northern borde...prj_publication
This document summarizes a study on smoking prevalence and factors among Saudi youth in the Northern Border Region of Saudi Arabia. It provides background on tobacco control programs and policies in Saudi Arabia. The study aimed to determine smoking prevalence among different youth groups in the region, assess factors influencing smoking uptake, and evaluate the effectiveness of tobacco control interventions. A cross-sectional study surveyed over 1000 secondary school students, university students, and café visitors. Results showed smoking prevalence ranged from 9.8-70.3% depending on the group. The most common reasons for smoking initiation varied but included social influences. Over 40% of smokers felt tobacco control programs were effective, though more interventions are still needed to reduce youth smoking in the region.
Impact of job attitude towards srf limited, trichyprj_publication
This document summarizes a study on the impact of job attitudes at SRF Limited in Trichy, India. The study examined the relationship between job experience level and various factors of job attitude, including job satisfaction, employee participation, and health and safety measures. Statistical analysis found significant differences and associations between experience level and these attitude factors. Suggestions are provided to improve job attitudes, such as better promotion opportunities, training, safety practices, and participative decision-making. The conclusion is that understanding and positively impacting employee job attitudes is important for organizational success.
Impact of shg bank linkage programme on women shgs empowerment with reference...prj_publication
This document summarizes a study on the impact of India's Self Help Group Bank Linkage Program (SBLP) on empowering women's self-help groups from 2007-2012. Some key findings:
- The number of savings-linked women's SHGs increased from 32.7 million to 62.9 million from 2007-2012, accounting for around 80% of total SHGs.
- Loans disbursed to women's SHGs grew from Rs. 5,677 crores to Rs. 14,132 crores over this period, representing around 85% of total loans.
- Loans outstanding for women's SHGs increased from Rs. 10,137 crores to Rs. 30,
Service gap analysis of footwear retail outlets a study 2prj_publication
This document summarizes a study on the service gap analysis of footwear retail outlets in India. The study aims to analyze the gap between customer expectations of service and the actual service provided by footwear retail outlets. It uses a sample of 100 customers and statistical analysis methods like ANOVA. The findings show that most customers are loyal but expect timely discounts, exchanges for damaged products, and information on new arrivals. The study suggests that retailers should focus more on customer expectations, offer equal treatment to new customers, and advertise offers more effectively to reduce gaps in customer expectations.
Emotional intelligence in teachers a tool to transform educational institutes...prj_publication
This document summarizes a research study that explored the relationship between emotional intelligence in teachers and teaching quality/performance. The study surveyed 125 teachers in Delhi and NCR, India. It found that teachers generally had high emotional intelligence, especially in social awareness. It also found significant relationships between emotional intelligence and both teaching experience/gender. Regression analysis showed a positive relationship between teachers' emotional intelligence (especially relationship management) and teaching quality. The study concludes emotional intelligence is important for effective teaching and suggests strategies like small class sizes and emotional intelligence training to enhance teachers' skills.
An appraisal of users’ attitudinal behaviour inprj_publication
This document summarizes a study that investigated disruptive behaviors among users at two university libraries in Nigeria. The study aimed to identify common disruptive behaviors, reasons for these behaviors, and recommendations to address the problems. A survey was conducted with 546 respondents across the two libraries using questionnaires, interviews, and observations. The results found several disruptive behaviors including stealing, hiding, and damaging materials; using fake library cards; eating, drinking, and taking calls in the library. Major causes identified were scarcity of materials, ignorance of rules, and lack of copying facilities. The paper concludes that library management should provide user training, orientation, and improved security to curb disruptive behaviors and protect library resources.
This document analyzes the research output of the AKCE International Journal of Graph Theory and Combinatorics through bibliometric methods. It examines the journal's number of articles, authorship patterns, geographical distribution of articles, forms of documents cited, and subject coverage from 2004 to 2010. The study found that the journal publishes an average of 16 articles per year, with a peak of 22 articles in 2008. Most articles were authored by two authors (78.38%) and were contributed by foreign sources (84.68%). Journals were the most frequently cited document type, accounting for 66.7% of total citations.
A scientometric analysis of research productivityprj_publication
This document summarizes a study that analyzes research on Alzheimer's disease between 1984 and 2012 using bibliometric methods. The study covers over 75,000 research publications to analyze trends in country and language of publications, authorship patterns, and adherence to bibliometric laws like Lotka's law and Bradford's law. Key findings include identifying the most prolific countries and languages in Alzheimer's research, as well as trends like increasing collaboration between authors over time. The study aims to apply statistical analysis to better understand the productivity and patterns of Alzheimer's disease research.
A comparative analysis of print versus electronicprj_publication
This document summarizes a study that compared students' use of print versus electronic information sources. The study found that most students at Delta State University in Nigeria still prefer print sources over electronic sources. Students reported that ease of use and familiarity were reasons for preferring print. While students used some electronic sources like e-books and databases, print sources like textbooks were used most frequently. Challenges to using both print and electronic sources included lack of infrastructure, obsolete materials, and high costs. Overall, the study showed students had a preference for familiar print formats despite the growth of electronic information technologies.
This document discusses the gap that often exists between marketing and product design functions in new product development. It notes that while understanding customer needs is important for success, capturing the "voice of the customer" through marketing research can be challenging to incorporate into product design. The document recommends conjoint analysis as a tool that can help bridge this divide by allowing marketing information about customer preferences to be systematically incorporated into the product design process early on. This helps ensure new products are focused on consumer needs and more likely to succeed in the market.
From Concept to reality : Implementing Lean Managements DMAIC Methodology for...Rokibul Hasan
The Ready-Made Garments (RMG) industry in Bangladesh is a cornerstone of the economy, but increasing costs and stagnant productivity pose significant challenges to profitability. This study explores the implementation of Lean Management in the Sampling Section of RMG factories to enhance productivity. Drawing from a comprehensive literature review, theoretical framework, and action research methodology, the study identifies key areas for improvement and proposes solutions.
Through the DMAIC approach (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control), the research identifies low productivity as the primary problem in the Sampling Section, with a PPH (Productivity per head) of only 4.0. Using Lean Management techniques such as 5S, Standardized work, PDCA/Kaizen, KANBAN, and Quick Changeover, the study addresses issues such as pre and post Quick Changeover (QCO) time, improper line balancing, and sudden plan changes.
The research employs regression analysis to test hypotheses, revealing a significant correlation between reducing QCO time and increasing productivity. With a regression equation of Y = -0.000501X + 6.72 and an R-squared value of 0.98, the study demonstrates a strong relationship between the independent variables (QCO downtime and improper line balancing downtime) and the dependent variable (productivity per head).
The findings suggest that by implementing Lean Management practices and addressing key productivity inhibitors, RMG factories can achieve substantial improvements in efficiency and profitability. The study provides valuable insights for practitioners, policymakers, and researchers seeking to enhance productivity in the RMG industry and similar manufacturing sectors.
Neal Elbaum Shares Top 5 Trends Shaping the Logistics Industry in 2024Neal Elbaum
In the ever-evolving world of logistics, staying ahead of the curve is crucial. Industry expert Neal Elbaum highlights the top five trends shaping the logistics industry in 2024, offering valuable insights into the future of supply chain management.
Designing and Sustaining Large-Scale Value-Centered Agile Ecosystems (powered...Alexey Krivitsky
Is Agile dead? It depends on what you mean by 'Agile'. If you mean that the organizations are not getting the promised benefits because they were focusing too much on the team-level agile "ways of working" instead of systemic global improvements -- then we are in agreement. It is a misunderstanding of Agility that led us down a dead-end. At Org Topologies, we see bright sparks -- the signs of the 'second wave of Agile' as we call it. The emphasis is shifting towards both in-team and inter-team collaboration. Away from false dichotomies. Both: team autonomy and shared broad product ownership are required to sustain true result-oriented organizational agility. Org Topologies is a package offering a visual language plus thinking tools required to communicate org development direction and can be used to help design and then sustain org change aiming at higher organizational archetypes.
A comprehensive-study-of-biparjoy-cyclone-disaster-management-in-gujarat-a-ca...Samirsinh Parmar
Disaster management;
Cyclone Disaster Management;;
Biparjoy Cyclone Case Study;
Meteorological Observations;
Best practices in Disaster Management;
Synchronization of Agencies;
GSDMA in Cyclone disaster Management;
History of Cyclone in Arabian ocean;
Intensity of Cyclone in Gujarat;
Cyclone preparedness;
Miscellaneous observations - Biparjoy cyclone;
Role of social Media in Disaster Management;
Unique features of Biparjoy cyclone;
Role of IMD in Biparjoy Prediction;
Lessons Learned; Disaster Preparedness; published paper;
Case study; for disaster management agencies; for guideline to manage cyclone disaster; cyclone management; cyclone risks; rescue and rehabilitation for cyclone; timely evacuation during cyclone; port closure; tourism closure etc.
This presentation, "The Morale Killers: 9 Ways Managers Unintentionally Demotivate Employees (and How to Fix It)," is a deep dive into the critical factors that can negatively impact employee morale and engagement. Based on extensive research and real-world experiences, this presentation reveals the nine most common mistakes managers make, often without even realizing it.
The presentation begins by highlighting the alarming statistic that 70% of employees report feeling disengaged at work, underscoring the urgency of addressing this issue. It then delves into each of the nine "morale killers," providing clear explanations and illustrative examples.
1. Ignoring Achievements: The presentation emphasizes the importance of recognizing and rewarding employees' efforts, tailored to their individual preferences.
2. Bad Hiring/Promotions & Broken Promises: It reveals the detrimental effects of poor hiring and promotion decisions, along with the erosion of trust that results from broken promises.
3. Treating Everyone Equally & Tolerating Poor Performance: This section stresses the need for fair treatment while acknowledging that employees have different needs. It also emphasizes the importance of addressing poor performance promptly.
4. Stifling Growth & Lack of Interest: The presentation highlights the importance of providing opportunities for learning and growth, as well as showing genuine care for employees' well-being.
5. Unclear Communication & Micromanaging: It exposes the frustration and resentment caused by vague expectations and excessive control, advocating for clear communication and employee empowerment.
The presentation then shifts its focus to the power of recognition and empowerment, highlighting how a culture of appreciation can fuel engagement and motivation. It provides actionable takeaways for managers, emphasizing the need to stop demotivating behaviors and start actively fostering a positive workplace culture.
The presentation concludes with a strong call to action, encouraging viewers to explore the accompanying blog post, "9 Proven Ways to Crush Employee Morale (and How to Avoid Them)," for a more in-depth analysis and practical solutions.
Maximize Your Efficiency with This Comprehensive Project Management Platform ...SOFTTECHHUB
In today's work environment, staying organized and productive can be a daunting challenge. With multiple tasks, projects, and tools to juggle, it's easy to feel overwhelmed and lose focus. Fortunately, liftOS offers a comprehensive solution to streamline your workflow and boost your productivity. This innovative platform brings together all your essential tools, files, and tasks into a single, centralized workspace, allowing you to work smarter and more efficiently.
Small Business Management An Entrepreneur’s Guidebook 8th edition by Byrd tes...ssuserf63bd7
Small Business Management An Entrepreneur’s Guidebook 8th edition by Byrd test bank.docx
https://qidiantiku.com/test-bank-for-small-business-management-an-entrepreneurs-guidebook-8th-edition-by-mary-jane-byrd.shtml
m249-saw PMI To familiarize the soldier with the M249 Squad Automatic Weapon ...LinghuaKong2
M249 Saw marksman PMIThe Squad Automatic Weapon (SAW), or 5.56mm M249 is an individually portable, gas operated, magazine or disintegrating metallic link-belt fed, light machine gun with fixed headspace and quick change barrel feature. The M249 engages point targets out to 800 meters, firing the improved NATO standard 5.56mm cartridge.The SAW forms the basis of firepower for the fire team. The gunner has the option of using 30-round M16 magazines or linked ammunition from pre-loaded 200-round plastic magazines. The gunner's basic load is 600 rounds of linked ammunition.The SAW was developed through an initially Army-led research and development effort and eventually a Joint NDO program in the late 1970s/early 1980s to restore sustained and accurate automatic weapons fire to the fire team and squad. When actually fielded in the mid-1980s, the SAW was issued as a one-for-one replacement for the designated "automatic rifle" (M16A1) in the Fire Team. In this regard, the SAW filled the void created by the retirement of the Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR) during the 1950s because interim automatic weapons (e.g. M-14E2/M16A1) had failed as viable "base of fire" weapons.
Early in the SAW's fielding, the Army identified the need for a Product Improvement Program (PIP) to enhance the weapon. This effort resulted in a "PIP kit" which modifies the barrel, handguard, stock, pistol grip, buffer, and sights.
The M249 machine gun is an ideal complementary weapon system for the infantry squad platoon. It is light enough to be carried and operated by one man, and can be fired from the hip in an assault, even when loaded with a 200-round ammunition box. The barrel change facility ensures that it can continue to fire for long periods. The US Army has conducted strenuous trials on the M249 MG, showing that this weapon has a reliability factor that is well above that of most other small arms weapon systems. Today, the US Army and Marine Corps utilize the license-produced M249 SAW.
Many companies have perceived CRM that accompanied by numerous
uncoordinated initiatives as a technological solution for problems in
individual areas. However, CRM should be considered as a strategy when
a company decides to implement it due to its humanitarian, technological
and process-related effects (Mendoza et al., 2007, p. 913). CRM is
evolving today as it should be seen as a strategy for maintaining a longterm relationship with customers.
A CRM business strategy includes the internet with the marketing,
sales, operations, customer services, human resources, R&D, finance, and
information technology departments to achieve the company’s purpose and
maximize the profitability of customer interactions (Chen and Popovich,
2003, p. 673).
After Corona Virus Disease-2019/Covid-19 (Coronavirus) first
appeared in Wuhan, China towards the end of 2019, its effects began to
be felt clearly all over the world. If the Coronavirus crisis is not managed
properly in business-to-business (B2B) and business-to-consumer
(B2C) sectors, it can have serious negative consequences. In this crisis,
companies can typically face significant losses in their sales performance,
existing customers and customer satisfaction, interruptions in operations
and accordingly bankruptcy
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1.1 Six Sigma
The term Six Sigma originated from terminology associated with manufacturing, specifically terms
associated with statistical modelling of manufacturing processes. The maturity of a manufacturing
process can be described by a sigma rating indicating its yield, or the percentage of defect-free
products it creates. A six sigma process is one in which 99.99966% of the products manufactured are
statistically expected to be free of defects (3.4 defects per million). Motorola set a goal of "Six Sigma"
for all of its manufacturing operations, and this goal became a byword for the management and
engineering practices used to achieve it.
1.2 Method of Six Sigma
Six Sigma projects follow two project methodologies. These methodologies composed of five phases
each, DMAIC and DMADV [1].
1.2.1 DMAIC
The DMAIC project methodology has five phases; Define the problem, the voice of the customer, and
the project goals, specifically. Measure key aspects of the current process and collect relevant data.
Analyze the data to investigate and verify cause-and-effect relationships. Determine what the
relationships are, and attempt to ensure that all factors have been considered. Seek out root cause of
the defect under investigation. Improve or optimize the current process based upon data analysis using
techniques such as design of experiments, Factorial Design & Response Surface Methodology. Set up
pilot runs to establish process capability. Control the future state process to ensure that any deviations
from target are corrected before they result in defects. Implement control systems such as statistical
process control, production boards, visual workplaces, and continuously monitor the process.
1.2.2 DMADV
The DMADV project methodology has also five phases; Define design goals that are consistent with
customer demands and the enterprise strategy. Measure and identify CTQs (characteristics that
are Critical To Quality), product capabilities, production process capability, and risks. Analyze to
develop and design alternatives, create a high-level design and evaluate design capability to select the
best design. Design details, optimize the design, and plan for design verification. This phase may
require simulations. Verify the design, set up pilot runs, implement the production process and hand it
over to the process owner(s).
2.NEED OF THE STUDY
The room air conditioner is the premium product of home appliance division of LG. So if some failure
occurs in the product, it will affect the customer. The customer satisfaction is the key point in any of
the manufacturing industry. The market share also is the part of the product to be sold in the market
demand. The product has its own importance of behaviour which will satisfy the customer
requirement. Considering all observation in mind, this project paper was selected. A small component
(i.e. Tube) used in the assembly can affect the performance & overall satisfaction to the end customer.
3. SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The study aims in identifying what all factors present in the evaporator in assembly that
effectively persuades the target customer and at what level it persuades the customer who will
purchase the LG Air conditioner. The Variables used in the study are:
Independent variables:
The Independent factors identified for the purpose of the project are as follows:
• Flaring Angle of the tube.
• Flaring Diameter of the tube.
• Flaring Torque of the tube.
Dependent Variable
• Part Per Million(PPM)
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4. RESEARCH ANALYSIS
This research project paper deal with problem arises in the assembly of the air
conditioner of capacity one ton. The problem identification is the most difficult task in this
project. The problem identified at Line Quality Control observation as there is leakage found
in the most of the Evaporator in Assembly. The LQC had multiple issues in which, leakage
issue contributes more because of the High PPM observed on AC line.
As we find the problem, we have done the root cause analysis and the various
techniques like process Flow Chart, Brain Storming, 5 why Analysis, Pay Off matrix. After
dealing with different problems, we need to eliminate the problem by using DMAIC
Methology which provides the framework to identify, quantify and eliminate sources of
variation in an operational process in question, to optimize the operation variables, improve
and sustain performance viz. process yield with well-executed control plans.
Fig. 1. Detail methods of Research methology.
On the other side, this project paper comprises to the vendor end also. The manual
observation reading of the tube was measured at vendor end i.e. JPAN Tabular who is the ancillary
unit of LG Electronics India Pvt Ltd which supply all tubing component. The tool used for various
independent variable factors affect the performance of the assembly. Basically one major issue was
observed was the flaring tool used for flaring, the old flaring tool need to be replaced with the new
tool because of the dimension error observed during measurement which was not as per the standard
specifications.
The registration sheet of the Six Sigma Project for the Green Belt in LG Electronics India
Private Limited is shown in Fig. 2. The fig deals with Six sigma sheet comprises of the various phases
and the theme with the project need. The project members consist with two department which include
procurement and quality. The target index was also mentioned in terms of PPM. As bottlenecks was
also observed with the various steps. The project major impact was also mentioned i.e. Quality
improvement. The detail implementation of the tool used for the different phases are given below.
Each phase had its own importance which contributes to reduce the rejection in the tube form. The
various tools are also used with different phases in order for better understanding of this project
research paper.
4. International Journal of Management Research and Development (I
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4.2 Define Phase
In Define Phase, we had identified the Problem and the data collection related to that
problem. This project registration process was also carried out in this phase. The various tool
are discussed below
Fig. 2. Project registration Sheet for Six Sigma
4.2.1 Process mapping
Process mapping is used to document process to examine part and information flow. It
key tool in identifying opportunities f
chart for this research project paper
Fig. 3. Process chart for Process
4.2.2 Pareto chart
It is the type of bar chart in which the horizontal axis represents categories of
than a continuous scale. The categories are often "defects." By
to smallest, a Pareto chart [2] can help you
few" and which the “trivial many”.
contribution of each category. The Fig. 4. will show the various defect with
contribution. The tube leakage in flaring nut discharge shows maximum leakages.
project top 10 defects was taken from the LQC
maximum failure rate of issue.
International Journal of Management Research and Development (IJMRD), ISSN 2248
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In Define Phase, we had identified the Problem and the data collection related to that
problem. This project registration process was also carried out in this phase. The various tool
Project registration Sheet for Six Sigma
Process mapping is used to document process to examine part and information flow. It
opportunities for improvement. The below Fig.3.show the process
chart for this research project paper.
Process chart for Process Mapping
It is the type of bar chart in which the horizontal axis represents categories of interest, rather
tegories are often "defects." By ordering the bars from largest
can help you determine which of the defects comprise the "vital
many”. A cumulative percentage line helps you judge the added
. The Fig. 4. will show the various defect with
leakage in flaring nut discharge shows maximum leakages.
project top 10 defects was taken from the LQC issue, so that it was easy to identify the
JMRD), ISSN 2248 – 938X(Print)
In Define Phase, we had identified the Problem and the data collection related to that
problem. This project registration process was also carried out in this phase. The various tool
Process mapping is used to document process to examine part and information flow. It is a
he process
interest, rather
ordering the bars from largest
determine which of the defects comprise the "vital
A cumulative percentage line helps you judge the added
. The Fig. 4. will show the various defect with percent
leakage in flaring nut discharge shows maximum leakages. In these
was easy to identify the
5. International Journal of Management Research and Development (I
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Fig. 4. Pareto chart for defect
4.2.3 5 Why Analysis
Five why analysis is done to determine the root cause of the Problem. It is a
brainstorming to reach the root cause of the Problem. It is observed
arrive at the 5th why the solution of the p
Why 1: Gas leakage found in Tube Assembly, Evaporator (In) at
Why 2: While evacuation, the pull force required for clearing of
Assembly.
Why 3: The tube of the Assembly need to be dust free.
Why 4: The Pulling pressure was more so it was pulled out.
Why 5: Tube relates with Flaring Angle, diameter & torque was found less as
standard specification.
4.2.4 Brainstorming & Pay off matrix
It is discussion among the process e
no ideas are criticized. The employees from the various departments are
about the topic for getting the s
considering what is factor which results
is. The Fig. 6 shows the various persons associated and improvement methods for a specific
issue need to be resolved.As we are need to reduce the rejection
activity is given by
Y=f (Flaring angle,
4.2.5 4 Block Diagram
The 4 Block diagram was shown
all the process capability and the process control is not good
also, it was very poor. So, we have to improve the process v
found in Tube. As per the measure phase, we need to develop the process control
technology to be the world class for our
International Journal of Management Research and Development (IJMRD), ISSN 2248
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Fig. 4. Pareto chart for defect
analysis is done to determine the root cause of the Problem. It is a
brainstorming to reach the root cause of the Problem. It is observed that by the time
the solution of the problem is with you.
eakage found in Tube Assembly, Evaporator (In) at pinch off end.
ull force required for clearing of unwanted particle inside the
the Assembly need to be dust free.
: The Pulling pressure was more so it was pulled out.
Flaring Angle, diameter & torque was found less as
Brainstorming & Pay off matrix
is discussion among the process expert. The basic rule of brainstorming
The employees from the various departments are gathered and discuss
about the topic for getting the solution for the problem arised. At the same time, we
considering what is factor which results in the cost impact and what the effect on the Output
shows the various persons associated and improvement methods for a specific
As we are need to reduce the rejection .i.e. Final Improvement
Y=f (Flaring angle, Flaring Diameter, Flaring Torque)
4 Block Diagram
The 4 Block diagram was shown in Fig.5 was the ideal case and the reading of
rocess capability and the process control is not good. With the process t
we have to improve the process variation so as to red
As per the measure phase, we need to develop the process control
technology to be the world class for our product.
JMRD), ISSN 2248 – 938X(Print)
analysis is done to determine the root cause of the Problem. It is a kind of
that by the time you
unwanted particle inside the
Flaring Angle, diameter & torque was found less as compared to
xpert. The basic rule of brainstorming is
gathered and discuss
At the same time, we are
the cost impact and what the effect on the Output
shows the various persons associated and improvement methods for a specific
Final Improvement
ase and the reading of
With the process technology
ariation so as to reduce the crack
As per the measure phase, we need to develop the process control & process
6. International Journal of Management Research and Development (IJMRD), ISSN 2248 – 938X(Print)
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Fig. 5. 4-Block diagram With Interpretation
Fig. 6. Brainstorming & Pay off matrix
4.3 Measure Phase
In measure phase [3], we had measured the various reading relate to independent variable.
After measuring all the measured reading we had checked the probability of the individual
variable. Then we move further to calculate the Process Capability (Potential capability (Zst)
& Overall Capability (Zlt)) of the Individual variable. The Minitab 16.0 software was used to
calculate the output in the form of graph & chart.
The following data was measure at the vendor end which correlates the independent
variables. The fig .7. Shows the probability Plot of flaring angle with measured data.
7. International Journal of Management Research and Development (IJMRD), ISSN 2248 – 938X(Print)
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Fig. 7. Probability Plot of flaring angle.
As given in the fig.8. The Process Capability (within & overall) is shown before (i.e.
rejections of tube form are more). The Zshift was coming to zero as per the data reading. As
per the 4 Block Diagram, difference between the Zst & Zlt is out of Specification, so we have
to improve the Process Variation.
Fig.8.Process Capability Analysis for Flaring angle Variation
8. International Journal of Management Research and Development (I
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Fig 9
Fig. 10. Evaporator In Assembly with F
Fig. 9 & 10 will provide the detail views of this research paper in context with all the methology used
in Six Sigma approach to reduce rejections in tube
Flaring Diameter variation. Fig. 11 shows the probability plot for the Flaring diameter variation.
Fig. 11. Probability
Evaporator In Assembly
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Fig 9. Tube in Evaporator In Assembly
Evaporator In Assembly with Flare Nut attached with Tube in s
conditioner.
will provide the detail views of this research paper in context with all the methology used
rejections in tube.In next we are the next independent variable i.e.
shows the probability plot for the Flaring diameter variation.
. Probability Plot for Flaring Diameter Variation
“D
“L”
Flare Nut with Tube
Evaporator In Assembly
JMRD), ISSN 2248 – 938X(Print)
lare Nut attached with Tube in split air
will provide the detail views of this research paper in context with all the methology used
variable i.e.
shows the probability plot for the Flaring diameter variation.
Flare Nut with Tube
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The fig.12. Shows the all readings are out of specification, so we have to improve the
Process variation. The USL & LSL are the limit for the data as per the standard required.
Fig. 12. Process capability for the flaring data variations.
The independent factor i.e. Flaring torque are not considered for further calculation part
because its torque reading are within the standard limit. So for next Analyse Phase, we are
focussing on the two important factor i.e. Flaring Diameter & Flaring Angle.
4.4 Analyse Phase
The main aim of the analyze phase is to
a) To List down all the Possible factors through Brainstorming
b) Pick out the Vital few Potential Factors out of Trivial Many.
c) Statistical verification of Potential Factors by means of various type of Tests.
d) Ascertaining whether we have considered all factors & nothing is Left Out.
As far as project research paper is concerned, Fish Bone diagram (4M Diagram-Man,
Machine, Material, and Method.) is prepared and shown in Fig.13 which is used to list down
all possible factors responsible for Major Problem.
The Symptom or result is put under the Triangle on the Right. Right marks at the end of the
Large Bones are main groups in which ideas are classified. The Bold Letter consists of Four
Ms - Man, Method, and Machine & Material. The Middle Bones indicates the direction of
path from cause to effect.
As in the analyze phase, the same independent variable was considered with changed in the
data reading observed. The reason behind that the Flaring Tool was developed as per the
specification and the reading was carried out on the improved samples of the Tube, Form
used in One Ton split Air conditioner.
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Fig. 13.Fish Bone diagram for Tube Form.
The Flaring Angle variation in measured data with improved samples as shown in Fig. 14
which shows the probability of the Flaring angle of tube form.
Fig. 14 Probability Plot for Flaring Angle variation
The process capability for flaring angle which shows that all the dimension are within the
USL and LSL of the measured data for the tube form which is shown in Fig. 15. With change
in the process technology, the result was good and we had improved the Process variation and
moving to the World Class product.
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Fig. 15. Process Capability for Flaring Angle Data Variation.
The next independent variable is Flaring diameter of tube form which shown in Fig. 16
which indicates that the measure data is normal and that data can be further proceed for the
process capability analysis which is shown in Fig.16.
Fig. 16. Data with Probability Plot for flaring diameter.
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As per the graph, the Zshift value is equal to the Zst because we are considering for short
term Study. So with this change we are in the range of Good process control with poor
Technology.The various step involve in Analyze phase related to project are:
1) Normality test 2) Variance Test 3) Mean Testing
In the Analyze phase, before going for any test, First step is to check the Normality of the
data. If the P value >0.05, then data is Normal.
Fig. 17. Process capability for flaring diameter.
Second step is Variance Testing; 1) Two variance test 2) Test for equal variance. In this project
research paper, the data measured is continuous, so the method used in the analyse phase is 2 sample
T test followed by the 2 variance test.
Now with optimum combination of the improved samples reading taken and the defect count
was considered from the crack observed in number of Evaporator In Assembly. So need to go for the
Normality & variance testing at 30 degree & 45 degree as shown in Fig. 18.
Fig. 18. Normality & Variance testing with Box & Interval Plot.
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Fig.19.2- Sample T Testing for the Flaring Angle.
It was observed from the Minitab Output that the value of P is less than 0.05, so Flaring
Angle is a factor. The Box & Interval Plot also describes that at 30 degree angle, defect was
more as compared to 45 degree. (Fig. 19).
4.5 Improve Phase
The Aim of the Improve Phase [4] is to
a) Selecting the best combination as per the desired response.
b) List down all the important steps in planning an experiment & conducting the
experiment by choosing the different levels of the factors.
c) Making CTQ’s & CTP’s after confirming the Optimum Condition.
In the fig.19, the responses from the various plot are plotted with the help of DOE (Design Of
Experiments) [6] and Full Factorial experiment in the Minitab software. At flaring angle=450
and Flaring Diameter=8.9mm, the responses will minimum.
As we are in measure phase, we had discussed the flaring tool modification. The
flaring tool gives the wrong reading of the tube which was not as per the standards. With the
change in the flaring tool, it results in the proper dimension of flaring diameter & flaring
angle.
The Flaring tool modification in shown in the Fig. 20. It was observed that flaring
angle in tube i.e. 30o
(before) was affecting more number of rejection where as in 45o
(after)
of flaring angle reject are less but we are near to achieve the Six Sigma approach.
14. International Journal of Management Research and Development (IJMRD), ISSN 2248 – 938X(Print)
ISSN 2248 – 9398(Online), Volume 2, Number 1, July-December (2012)
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Fig. 20. Factorial Plot for Flaring Diameter & Flaring Angle.
Fig 21. Flaring Tool Modification
After the flaring tool modification, the angle and the diameter are the two parameters which
will contribute to the rejection of the tube form. As per the Fig. 22, the diameter of the tube
before the tool modification is 8.3mm whereas the diameter of the tube after the tool
modification is 8.9mm as per the standards.
15. International Journal of Management Research and Development (IJMRD), ISSN 2248 – 938X(Print)
ISSN 2248 – 9398(Online), Volume 2, Number 1, July-December (2012)
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Fig. 22. Measured Flaring Diameter
4.6 Control Phase
The main aims of the control phase [5] are
a) Provides structured closure of projects and re-allocation of resources
b) Provides systematic changes to ensure the process continues in a new path of optimization. It transfers
sustainability of the improvement to the appropriate members of the advocacy team.
c) Provides communication of new procedures and systems to process owners
d) Ensures that the new process conditions are documented and monitored.
A Control chart is a graphical display of measurements (usually aggregated in the form of means or other
statistics) of an Industrial Process through time.
In the fig 23. The next three month data was observed in combination with the production of the Evaporator in
Assembly on AC line, Defect found while assembling and PPM also.
As seen from the control chart [7], the process is in control and there is no special cause observed, we had
achieved the Xbar=198 PPM. So that it will improve the gas leakage area.
Fig. 23 Xbar-R Chart of PPM of the Flaring Tube crack.
16. International Journal of Management Research and Development (IJMRD), ISSN 2248 – 938X(Print)
ISSN 2248 – 9398(Online), Volume 2, Number 1, July-December (2012)
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4.CONCLUSION
The following are the findings that we have derived from the project research paper:-
1) The data analysis was very critical in the Minitab 16 required for the graphical
observation and it required training to operate.
2) The reduction of the crack in the tube in the Evaporator In Assembly was also
achieved and we are continuously monitoring through the LQC.
3) The project research work was completed with 8month of duration in which last 4
month are the continuous analyzing of gas leak data at LQC. This results the
output of the Six Sigma Achievement.
4) The continuous samples inspection of the tube at the vendor site is difficult,
because of the production capacity constraint.
5) The leakage testing was done on the sampling basis because of the manual process
used
6) The process was very critical of fixing the tube in Evaporator In assembly, so it
requires more time for production.
7) The stroke length and the fixture constraints in the flaring tool may be considered
for further analysis
8) This project research paper can be considered as the master data for the small
project solving.
5.ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The Project Closure Report of Six Sigma Project in LG Electronics India Pvt Ltd are shown
in the Fig.24.
17. International Journal of Management Research and Development (IJMRD), ISSN 2248 – 938X(Print)
ISSN 2248 – 9398(Online), Volume 2, Number 1, July-December (2012)
51
Fig. 24 Closure report for the Six Sigma Completed.
REFERENCES
[1] Dr.R.L. Shrivastava, T.N. Desai, “Six Sigma- A New Direction to Quality and Productivity
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[3] Anup A.Junankar and P.N. Shende, “Minimization Of Rewok In Belt Industry Using Dmaic”,
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[4] SHAILESH N. KHEKALE, A. S. CHATPALLIWAR and Dr. NILESHSINGH V.
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