This document discusses several key factors that affect language learning strategies: 1) Age - Younger primary students tend to use more cognitive strategies while older secondary and university students as well as older adults use more metacognitive strategies. 2) Gender - Females tend to be more social and interact more with others, creating more opportunities to practice language skills according to some studies. 3) Motivation - Motivation, especially the desire to achieve, has been found to most strongly influence a learner's choice of language learning strategies. 4) Attitude - A learner's beliefs, goals, and attitudes influence how they approach learning a language. 5) Learning style - Whether someone is a

1. Factors Affecting
Language Learning
Strategies
Nik Mohd Syamil Bin Nik Rasdin
A143847

2. AGE

3. Primary School Student
METACOGNITIVE

4. Secondary Student
COGNITIVE

5. University Student
METACOGNITIVE

6. Old Student
METACOGNITIVE

7. GENDER

8. Gender effect on the use of strategy
◦ Wharton (2000)
 Females tend to be superior in verbal aptitude
and social orientation and thus
tend to create more opportunities for
interacting with other people than do
their male counterparts
◦ Ehrman and Oxford (1988: 260)


9. MOTIVATION

10. MOTIVATION
" A creative man is motivated by the
desire to achieve, not by the desire to
beat others.“
◦ Oxford and Nyikos (1989)
 " A creative man is motivated by the
desire to achieve, not by the desire to
beat others.“
◦ (Ayn Rand)


11. 
Motivation affected the learner’s
choices of strategies the most strongly
of all the factors.
◦ Mochizuki (1999) and Wharton’s (2000)

12. ATTITUDE

13. Attitude plays an important role in LLS
 Learners bring their
belief, goals, attitudes and decisions
to learning, and these influence how
they approach their learning.

◦ Gardner and Miller (2002)

14. LEARNING
STYLE

15. Visual Learner
Study by seeing pictures
 Can remember things easier by using
charts
 Can hardly focus when studying by
not looking


16. Auditory Learner
Auditory learners learn best by
hearing information
 have strong language skills, which
include a well-developed vocabulary
and an appreciation for words.
 can remember conversation they
heard quite accurately


17. Kinesthetic Learner
Learn best by moving their
bodies, activating their large or small
muscles
 Often wiggle, tap their feet, or move
their legs when they sit
 often well coordinated and have a
strong sense of timing and body
movement


18. 
Individual’s learning styles
preferences influence the type of LLS
they use
◦ (Ehrman and Oxford, 1990 ; RossiLe, 1995; among others)

19. THANK
YOU!