We have two themes that explain how certain factors affect the learning and teaching process on children and adolescents.

1. Factors affect the teaching-learning
process on children and adolescents.
FAMILY
By: Linda Minayo

2. First:
What is family?
Family refers to the minimum
social unit made up of father,
mother and children.
The family has the responsibility
to promote education and good
behavior in the social environment.

3. 1. Family and
relationships problems
• Signs of family and relationships problems include:
frequent arguing, disagreements, no or poor
communication, physical conflict, New baby, children
becoming teenagers, divorce, blending families,
unemployment, illness, financial problems, stress, issues
related to sexuality, alcohol or drugs abuse, so on.
• This kind of problems affect the emotions of family
and transform in negative emotions like anger, sadness,
depression, anxiety.
• These issues don't allow that children and young can
concentrate in the school, as well as parents at work.

4. 2. The role of family in
child development
• Family plays a very significant role in shaping child´s social
an emotional skills development principally during early
years because children spend longer time at home contexts
and due the higher plasticity that brain has during this period
(Ikesako & Miyamoto, 2015).
• When the barrier of emotions and the communication are
broken between the family and the child, they tend to
become lonely and will always do their best to attract
attention of their parents.
• For example at school, they won’t do their homework, they
will abscond of their classes, and about all, they won't know
to choose to their friendships.

5. 3. Family and children
learning
• Research says that children benefit when parents and the
rest of the members of the family get involved in their
learning and development. Family engagement is positively
or negatively linked to children and adolescents outcomes.
• When parents aren't participate in their children's learning,
the children feel less appreciated and less important.
• If the home learning environment is not formative in a
child's social development, it won't contribute to
educational outcomes at all periods of their learning route.
Although a grade doesn't define a child, it's
very important that the family is involved in
his/her learning.
Because is their responsibility.

6. Factors affect the teaching-learning
process on children and adolescents.
SCHOOL AND WORK

7. 1. School and work
• The right to education for children and adolescents
around the world and in our country is determined in
constitutions and in the principles and goals set in the
international agreements.
• Child and adolescent labor means that they have an
employment in any work that deprives children and
adolescents of their own normal development processes.
(Education)
• Half of this number is children who are working more
than eight hours a day to provide food and financial
support for their families.
In Ecuador, children are engaged in forms of child
labor including commercial sexual exploitation, tasks
in agriculture and domestic services.
Some of them combine work and study.

8. 2. How labor affects the
learning achievement?
• Child labor is the practice of having children engaged in
economic activities that deprive children of their childhood
and is harmful to their physical and mental development.
• This labor also denies children and adolescents of their
fundamental rights such as enjoy their childhood and
adolescence processes, attend school regularly, have peace
of mind, live with dignity and well-being.
• When students have to work at the same time, in most of
the cases, they will have a low academic performance.
In addition, the necessity of involving young
people in the family´s production especially
in the rural areas causes school dropouts.

9. 3. Coherent Government
policies to prevent child
and adolescent labor
Policymakers have to make plans to overcome this situation.
Some coherent policies government should adapt are:
• Creating decent work opportunities for parents.
• Creating incentives for parents to invest in education of
children and adolescents.
• Ensuring for free compulsory and quality education.
• Being drastic with people who exploit children and
adolescents in their business.
To sum up, childhood and adolescence are periods
of human development to be enjoyable.

10. There are many factors that affect children's learning.
This is the reality of many children in Ecuador
Children working with dysfunctional
families