This document proposes a vision for a Self Guided Escape Velocity Shuttle (SGEVS) that could travel between astronomical bodies such as planets, stars, and galaxies. It outlines 5 phases for the project: 1) calculating escape velocity, 2) self-guiding after escape velocity is reached, 3) navigating to the destination, 4) self-healing and sustaining itself, and 5) making multiple jumps between locations. It then discusses approaches for calculating gravitational forces, mass, angular momentum, and escape velocity that could enable the SGEVS to navigate and propel itself through space. Renewable cryogenic fuels generated from materials in space are proposed to power the shuttle.

1. World Space Week - Exploring New Worlds in Space a Reality:
SGEVS (Self Guided Escape Velocity Shuttle)
- Vision Article by R. Naga Vamshidhar.
“While in Dreams, I Float in Space”
Our cosmic Address:
India – Asia – Earth – Earth Moon System – Inner Solar System – Solar System – Solar Interstellar
Neighbourhood – Orion Cygnus Spiral Arm – Milky Way Galaxy – Local Galactic Group – Virgo Cluster – Virgo Super
Cluster – Local Super Clusters or Laniakea – Visible Observable or Known Universe – Cosmic Web – Infinite Space.
Project Vision:
This futuristic, innovative and imaginative theoretical white paper abstract dreams and aims at making a Self Guided
Escape Velocity Shuttle (SGEVS) a possibility and reality. This article outlines a vision policy statement for such vehicle or
shuttle.
This SGEVS could roam around infinite space jumping or hopping or navigating from one astronomical body in space to
other, could it be between Planets, Stars, Black Holes or Galaxies. Such travel is also called as interplanetary spaceflight or
interplanetary travel.
SGEVS is based on auto or self calculating and de-facto attainment of Escape Velocity of the 'Host' to reach the 'Destination
Target' in space.
Project Background:
In the current day scenario for launching a rocket into space and beyond, we need the following in a nut shell. This
infrastructure in its current form is not scalable enough for the launch of SVEGS and paves way for additional alternatives
marked by discoveries and innovations.
1. Launch Pad.
2. Compartment Modules - Alternating solid & liquid fuel Propellants.
3. Hot Module.
4. Satellite or Payload.
5. Control Command Centre or Base station.
6. Deep Space network of Dish Antenna’s for Navigational Trajectory & Guidance.
The Launch Pad is ignited by Nuclear Fuel to give the rocket, necessary initial thrust for takeoff.
After every few hundred or thousand kilometres, a compartment module is fired and released to give further thrust to the
rocket, for it to move upwards or in forward directions. The solidified and liquefied gases in compartment modules are
burnt or mechanically powered to give the rocket the necessary thrust from time to time.

2. Finally the Heat Module bursts open and launches the enclosed Payload i.e. a manned or unmanned satellite in the orbit of
the target i.e. Moon, Mars, Saturn or any other astronomical body to be observed.
The Rocket’s or the Payload’s location, speed etc are tracked through a Deep Space network of Dish Antenna’s for
Navigational Trajectory and course adjustments from Earth’s Command Control Centre or Base station.
Project Scope:
o Phase-1: Space Shuttle’s self guide to calculate and attain Escape Velocity.
o Phase-2: Self guide after Escape Velocity is reached.
o Phase-3: Self guide for Navigational Trajectory to reach destination location in space.
o Phase-4: Self guide for compact and comprehensive self healing and sustenance.
o Phase-5: Self guide for multi hops or jumps from one astronomical location to other in space (Host to
Target).
Not in Scope:
Current existing and futuristic approaches of design, functioning and integration of:
1. Hot Module, Alternating Solid and Liquid compartment chambers, Dish Antenna, Transponders, Gold
Foiling, Energy Panels, Protective shields & Masks, Computing & Processing power.
2. Docking procedures i.e. with or without human, remote and base station, Satellite controlled.
3. Alchemy solutions to process and convert available Compounds or elements in space or Host
environments to utility elements suitable for Human or space sustenance, though observations and
recommendations are made.

3. Abstract:
The design fundamentals of such an SGEVS could rely upon the enlisted:
1. Albert Einstein's Gravitational Force (Fgrav) calculations.
2. Isaac Newton's Universal Gravitational Constant (G).
3. Inertial Balance or Rotational Speed (w or omega Ω).
4. Tangential Speed or Angular Velocity (v).
5. Angular Momentum (L).
6. Escape Velocity Formula (ve).
7. Renewable Space Cryogenics – Solid & Liquid Fuel Propellants.
8. Astronomical Telescope - Integrated with SGEVS.
9. Laser Interferometry - For precise Distance Measurements.
10. Renewable Energy Generation for Human Survival.
11. Quantum Computing - For processing and sending/receiving data or information securely.
12. 3D Printing Integrations.
13. Legacy Modernization.

4. Approach:
(1). Force of Gravity between two objects in space can be calculated from:
Force of Gravity, Fgrav α (m1 * m2)/ d
2
m1 = mass of first object in space.
m2 = mass of second object in space
d = distance separating the object centres. Distance can be calculated from Laser Interferometry.
Calculating Mass of astronomical objects in space proves to be trivial.
(2). “Mass” Calculations:
Mass is the amount of matter in an Object. Weight of the object changes from planet to planet, but mass remains
the same. To measure mass in space, we use a kind of scale called Inertial Balance, based on Frequency of Vibrations of
the object and Speed of Rotation, Gravitational Interactions in case of Stars and Galaxies.
Rotational Speed (Or Speed of Revolution) of an object rotating around an axis is the number of turns of the object
divided by time, specified as revolutions per minute (rpm), revolutions per second (rps) or radians per second (rad/s). The
symbol is Omega ( w or Ω).
Ω or wrad = v/r or wcyc = 2πr
v = Tangential Speed or Angular Velocity.
r = Radial Distance.
Tangential Speed is linear speed associated with objects in space moving in a circular path and Angular Velocity that of
objects moving in various angles i.e. Circular path.
Tangential Speed, v = s/t;
s = Length of path travelled or distance travelled.
t = Time of travel.
Angular velocity is the rate of change of the position angle of an object with respect to time. The angular velocity of an
object is the object's angular displacement with respect to time. When an object is travelling along a circular path, the
central angle corresponding to the object's position on the circle is changing. The angular velocity, represented by w, is
the rate of change of this angle with respect to time.
Angular Velocity, W = θ/t;
θ = Position Angle.
t = Time;
Position angle, θ = s/r;
s = arc length.
r = radius.
So, Angular Velocity, W = s/ (rt);

5. (3). Angular Momentum (L) and Moment of Inertia (I) :
Angular Momentum, L = IW;
I = Moment of Inertia.
W = Angular Velocity, which we already know.
Moment of Inertia, I = mr
2
;
Here, r = distance to rotation axis;
Gyroscopes are in general used for measuring or maintaining orientation, the applications of which are inertial navigational
systems where magnetic compasses would not work, as in Hubble telescope.
(4). Escape Velocity:
Escape Velocity is the velocity that an object or shuttle or rocket needs to attain to avert the gravitational force of
the Host in space i.e. Earth or Moon or Star or Galaxy etc.
Escape Velocity of Earth is calculated as 40,000 Kmph or 25000 mph. A rocket needs to achieve this speed to escape from
Earth’s orbit and reach outer space.
Escape Velocity, ve = √(2GM)/r;
G = Newton’s Universal Gravitational Constant, which remains the same where ever you go in universe.
M = Mass of Object.
r = distance between two mass centres.
(5). Renewable Space Cryogenics –Solid & Liquid Fuel Propellants:
Extremely low cooled Cryogenic Liquid fuels acts as Mechanical Power and Combustive ignition propellants to give
the necessary and desired upward, angular, circular moment to the Rocket or Shuttle or Vehicle to achieve the necessary
escape velocity and anticipated speeds at different levels in space or beyond.
The Large Hydron Collider (LHO) used in LIGO (Laser Interferometer Gyroscopic Observatory) project is the largest
Cryogenic system in the world operating at -271.3 Degree Centigrade, colder than outer space (-270.5 Degree Centigrade).
If the inert liquid fuels like Helium, Nitrogen, Argon, Methane, Krypton, Neon etc. and hypergolic propellants
like UH25 (75% UDMH - Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine and 25% hydrazine hydrate), MMH (Monomethylhydrazine)
provide the Mechanical Power , certain others like Oxygen, Nitrogen, Hydrogen, LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas), when
ignited gives the combustive boost for the object under launch. Also solid propellant boosters like Aluminium Powder
are used.
While the above techniques are in vogue are generally accepted for long, the need of the hour for SGEVS would be
to generate such Cryogenic Energy, Oxidizers and Binders from Space and Host environments post launch, while in
trajectory or while orbiting in space or while at rest.
Even if found in compound state in the Host environment, the ability to extract the elements out of them and to
liquefy them or powder them using advanced techniques and technologies if already not done is the key challenge. The

6. goal should be to miniaturise such process efforts and accomplish the same in short time. Harnessing the power of
naturally available energy sources in Space and reaping their benefits is of utmost importance for the success of SGEVS.
Large amounts of powerful Radio Energy are emitted by Quasars and by Lobes of Radio Galaxies outside of Milky
Way. Most of the stars in several Galaxies are made up of Hydrogen and Helium.
Re-generated energy fuels from processing Human Faeces and ‘Host’ rains as mentioned in further sections of
this document can be leveraged.
Like in Earth as we have fuel filling stations for Automobiles, Air Borne vehicles etc., we need to build fuel filling
stations, service stations or Pit-stops in space and in host environments of Planets etc, so that SGEVS can stop by and re-
vitalize.
Also instead of the generally used Solar Panels, advanced Energy Panels that identifies various sources and
translates energy derived from Wind, Light, Solar, Tidal, Hydel, Debris, Fossils, Mist, Dew, Space Matter, Anti-Matter into
Electrical Energy needs to be identified, created, integrated and miniaturized for the success of SGEVS.
In the current day scenario, a space bound rocket or shuttle doesn’t integrate with it a Nuclear reactor to trigger
Fission or Fusion reactions to give it the necessary thrusts at various points in time after covering certain astronomical
distances. A backward displacement strategy of releasing Compartment Modules is used. Ways and means to Identify
Nuclear Reactor integrations with rocket has to be explored.
(6). Astronomical Telescope - Integrated with SGEVS:
One or more set of Compact, Light Weight, High Frequency, and Miniaturized Astronomical Telescopes needs to be
integrated with SGEVS to capture pictures, videos and other vital signs at an amazing and brisk speed to be sent back to the
base station for analysis and processing.
Also Astronomical Radio Telescope detects Radio Waves emitted by Starts, Galaxies, Nebulae and other
Astronomical bodies.
(7). Laser Interferometer - For precise Distance Measurements:
In the due course of above cited calculations involving distance measurements to arrive at Escape Velocities
from time to time depending on the Host and Target locations, Laser Interferometers can be used for precise and
accurate distance measurements.
(8). Renewable Energy Generation for Human Survival:
The survival instincts of Human habitat in different parts of world since evolution needs to be
thoroughly researched and tabulated, to arrive at methods to mimic extremely low consumption, utilization and
longer healthy living in space.
If an advanced version of SGEVS anticipates to carry Human’s along with the usual shuttle or rover or satellite
payload, then instead of carrying Oxygen, Water and Food Capsules from Earth or base station, these needs to be
generated internally through Renewable Energy Generation methods like we do on earth.
Thunderstorms, Lightning and Rains occur in Ionosphere as well. Also in some ‘Hosts’ i.e. planets, their if not
Water (H2o), other compound or elemental liquid remains/marks/stains of liquid methane, sulphuric acid drops,

7. helium drops, nitrogen snow, ethane due to rains of that nature are found. Plethora of Alchemy technology solutions
needs to be discovered or invented with extensive research to use them for Human and Shuttle survivals.
Rainwater Harvesting Shuttles or Satellites (RHS) needs to be operated in Earths outer environment
(Ionosphere), to ensure continuous supply of water (H2o) to SGEVS and other manned space shuttles either in
several orbits of Earth or beyond. The successful launch of RHS proves to be vital to realize future human habitation
on MOON, MARS or any other ‘Hosts’.
Similar approaches as described in Renewable Space Cryogenics topic can be explored in addition to generating the
same from Human wastes or Human Feces (Solid or Semi-solid metabolic waste) like Excretion/Sweating, Mucus, Urine,
Sputum, Siemens etc.
An Indian philosophical and spiritual saying is “Nava Dwaara Pure Sareeram”, this body constitutes 9 holes. All the
Feces generated from 9 holes based on their mass, size, colour, texture, viscosity and other composition filters needs to
be segregated and treated back to generate the needs of Water, Oxygen and Food Capsules or Granules. A positive
feedback system of that sort is quite essential for a longer journey in space whilst travelling across new worlds.
Eg: Morarji Desai and several others in ancient/olden days used to consume their own urine, an internal bodily
positive feedback system. Astronauts and Cosmonauts of manned SGEVS ought to be trained, of course after some
filtering.
NASA is developing a complex, expensive and, as it turns out, somewhat buggy machine that purifies human
urine to recycle the water for astronauts to drink.
Michael Hoffmann’s Gates Foundation uses solar power to break human waste into hydrogen gas and leftover
solids. Hoffman and his team at Caltech showed how the toilet could store hydrogen in fuel cells as an energy source. The
toilet treats waste on the spot and siphons off hydrogen for later use as energy.
In a unique variation of biogas production from human waste, researchers at Delft University of Technology have
worked out a way to produce synthetic gas – “syngas” – which is a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen. Their Gates
Foundation award- winning design dries the waste on the spot and zaps it with microwaves to heat it into plasma for
gasification (all proprietary technology). Then the toilet stores the gas in a solid state fuel cell stack to produce electricity.
Certain other use for human waste is Fuel briquettes. Not compost, not biogas or hydrogen fuel cells, but actual,
burnable fuel made from treated human waste. Researchers from the University of Colorado in Boulder won a Gates
Foundation grant to develop a solar-powered toilet that turns waste into bio char.
Researchers from RTI International in North Carolina won a Gates Foundation grant for their toilet design that
converts waste into fuel briquettes that it burns for storable energy. It also churns out treated, but non-potable, water.
Urine has been used as a disinfectant, invisible ink and dye for cloth, and both urine and faces are necessary to
diagnose certain illnesses and parasitic infections
If in the worst case none of these Human Feces can be reused for self, then owing to their high combustive value
they can be used as a Solid or Liquid or Combustive gaseous propellants after necessary filtering and extraction process.
(9). Quantum Computing - For processing and sending/receiving data or information securely:
The latest advancements of Quantum Computing to transfer huge amount of data and achieve high speed,
secure data transfers needs to be leveraged for all inter and intra communication and interaction purposes i.e. within the
shuttle, with other objects in space and with Earth.

8. (10). 3D Printing Integrations:
To replace the damaged and lost vital minor components in the due course of the Shuttle’s long space journey, it
needs to be integrated with 3D printing machines to rapid prototype and create the parts and fix them back with a mini
robot or the human in the shuttle. This makes the shuttle self healing.
The International Space Station's 3-D printer completed the first phase of a NASA technology demonstration by
printing a tool with a design file transmitted from the ground to the printer. The tool was a ratchet wrench.
NASA is exploring how the microgravity environment may benefit how objects are designed and built in space
for parts that cannot be made on the ground. The printer made one object that is extremely difficult to make on the
ground because of sag caused by gravity. In addition to the wrench, the printer made objects with 13 different designs
and built a total of 20 objects, making some items more than once. Except for the ratchet, the other 19 objects were
pre-programmed into the printer before it left Earth.
(11). Legacy Modernization:
Technology Convergence drives Legacy Modernization initiatives in space missions.
Leveraging the advanced “Internet of Things (IOT)” sensors to capture and measure vital space environment parameters
which might be at feeble or lower frequency ranges. IoT concepts extended to space are called Infinity of Things.
Typically, data communications within satellites are transmitted through wired connections, but as part of a ‘wireless-in-
space’ effort, NASA is working to improve traditional wiring with wireless networking to reduce weight, increase payload
capacity and create new communication models.
”Big Data” driven applications to store numerous of those captured parameters and applying contemporary Predictive
Analytics and Artificial Intelligence(AI) Solutions holds the key for success of the SGEVS.
Needless to say that Quantum Super computing power (HPC – High Performance Computing) has to be utilised for
complex computations, calculations and also for security purposes to reap the benefits of high speed processing and
robust communications.
“It is not Rocket Science that is a challenge today; it is the Space Science!”
“With SHAR as the flawless Bow of ‘”SHARNGADHARA’, let my Rocket fly like an Invincible Arrow into deep skies
with an aim to discover the unknown worlds in Infinite Space”.
Lord Vishnu’s Bow is called SHARNGA and hence, he is called SHARNGADHARA or SARANGADHARA.