This document provides information about explanation texts. It defines explanation texts as texts that explain processes relating to natural, social, scientific, and cultural phenomena by answering "why" and "how" questions. Explanation texts are commonly found in science, geography, and history textbooks. They typically include a general statement to introduce the phenomenon, a sequenced explanation of how or why it occurs through a series of steps, and a closing statement. The text also lists common language features of explanation texts such as the use of generic nouns, action verbs, simple present tense, passive voice, conjunctions of time and cause, and technical language. An example explanation of cancer is provided that defines cancer, explains how cancer cells form from mutations, and discusses

1. GROUP 3
Agung Tri M
Cynthia Chaidir
Nurfitri R.A
Wirda Pratomo
Wulandari Rima K

2. DEFINITION & PURPOSE
Explanation is a text which tells processes relating to
forming of natural, social, scientific and cultural
phenomena. Explanation text is to say 'why' and
'how' about the forming of the phenomena. It is
often found in science, geography and history text
books.

3. • A general statement to position the reader (stating
the phenomenon issues which are to be explained)
• A sequenced explanation of why or how something
occurs(stating a series of steps which explain the
phenomena)
• Closing
TEXT ORGANIZATION

4. LANGUAGE FEATURES
• Focus on generic, non-human participants
• The use of general and abstract nouns
• The use of action verbs
• The use of simple present tense
• The use of passive voice
• The use of conjunctions of time and cause
• The use of noun phrases
• The use of complex sentences
• The use of technical language

5. EXAMPLE
What is cancer? It is actually a group of more than one hundred separate diseases. Most of
us are fear from cancer It is reasonable because next to heart disease, cancer is the
second leading cause of death.
Cancer cells come from normal cells because of mutations of DNA. Those mutations can
occur spontaneously. The mutations may be also induced by other factors such as:
nuclear and electromagnetic radiation, viruses, bacteria and fungi, parasites, heat,
chemicals in the air, water and food, mechanical cell-level injury, free radicals,
evolution and ageing of DNA, etc. All such factors can produce mutations that may start
cancer.
Cancer cells are formed continuously in the organism. It is estimated that there are about
10,000 cancer cells at any given time in a healthy person. Why do some result in
macroscopic-level cancers and some do not? First, not all damaged cells can multiply
and many of them die quickly. Second, those which potentially divide and form cancer
are effectively destroyed by the mechanisms available to the immune system. Therefore
cancer develops if the immune system is not working properly or the amount of cells
produced is too great for the immune system to eliminate.