b. - Meat broth (bouillon) - Distilled water - Cotton Students: - Meat broth (bouillon) - Distilled water C. Experiment Steps 1. Prepare 2 pieces of reaction tube and label them as tube A and tube B. 2. Put 10 ml of meat broth in each tube. 3. Heat tube A by Bunsen burner until boiling for 5 minutes to sterilize the content. 4. Close tube A tightly using rubber stopper and seal it using plastic tie. 5. Leave tube B open without sterilization. 6. Observe both tubes

1. RATIFICATION PAGE
Complete report of basic biology practicum with title ’’Experiment of lazzaro
spallanzani’’ that arranged by :
Name
: Jeny ayu hardiah ningrum
Registrasion Number
:1114040162
Group
: III (Three)
Class
: ICP A
After checked by Assistant and Assistant Coordinator so this report was
accepted
Makassar, November 11th 2011
Assistant
Assistant Coordinator
( Djumarirmanto,S.Pd)
(Gunawan Rahmil)
ID. 091404174
CHAPTER I

2. INTRODUCTION
A. Background
At this the world available being kind sort lives, earth constitutes one of
place planet mark sense life, available being kind sort lives good at oceanic,
land and also air, with boundless amount. even living being miscellaneous its
type available various botanical types, a variety animal type and still a lot of
again, can at differentiates from form, habitat, trick adapts, on the defensive life
and any other as it, there is sighted by eye, but there is also that just can at see
utilizes assistive tool as microbe. But has we ever realised marks sense life
being, must get beginning of a thing in other words, of which being lives to
originate or made from what,and how being lives can be formed, that question
always emerges while available unknown something heard or looked and it
makes I interest.
I have once hear one that sentence living being be not been created in few
words, there is creation,as well as differentiates which beforehand one which is
chicken or egg, heretofore haven't available its answer, and answer one any one
always different, so too with my life haven't found conclusion about being
creation live. But is not just me who am into something that thing, severally
researcher on preceding epoches was beforehand analyze that thing, with factor
sort but it is not important, one that primal is how its result and what money
have it finds afters do attempt sort.
But has already been found that there is two theory that work through
about life derivation which is biogenesis and abiogenesis. abiogenesis comes
from aristoteles who declare for life being comes from dead object. and
biogenesis comes from lazarro spallanzani who say life being comes from life
being also. This
constitute my theory basic to do practicum about theory
biogenesis, theory that at makes by lazarro spallanzani. This matter will we do

3. to get rightness of the theory because we can not only to be a listener without do
anything ,so that we have to try to do this
B. Purpose
The purpose of practicum was give the opportunity to the students of
university to join the thought and the steps which research were done in solved
in biology problems ,specially to know from where the uniform of life.
C. Benefit
The benefit this practicum is the student of university can know biology
problems about origin of life, and the student of university can know about the
origin of life and rightness the mistake about all theory that said about the origin
of life.

4. CHAPTER II
PREVIEW OF LITERATURE
The question “where did the origin of life?”, already try to answered by various
experiment and theory. Like Spallanzani’s experiment that doubt the truth of
Abiogenesis or Generatio Spontanea from Aristoteles. Join with the thought and step
to solved the biology problems that had done by research (Tim Pengajar, 2011).
When the period of aristoteles (300 SM),all people believe that living thing can
there spontaneously from the immovable.this opinion we know with the name
spontaneous generation .this opinionwas attentive by john needham,an protestant
clergyman from irlandia which done the experiment between 1745-1750 with any
boiled rice and boiled meat on the cob,got if without water of the boiled rice and the
boiled meat we saved in the bottle and we closed it but still there microbe. This
opinion can explain the level of the biology progress at that time .although many
research feel that opinion about spontaneous generation can not to keep so that they
begin to try to prove the mistake of the teory. Fransico redi (1655) in his experiment
show that a catepillar not happen from meat which rot but grow from the egg which
was put by motherfly on its meat. Invention microbe by antonie van leuwenhook can
be spontaneously . lazarro spallansani prove in 1768 that water of boiled meat which
we cook on the fire than closed to found microbe. But although like that,the
supporters of spontaneousgeneration were of certain opinion that not there microbe
because there are not air which need for microbe is life in the tube. To dissolved this
opinion ,theodor schwann in 1827 do the same experiment with spallanzany but by
using the glass with but by using the glass with long neck which heating to avoid
contamination with air. In reality, although there air in the tube,after we let several
time there are not microbe.although like that,the supporter of spontaneous experiment
with channel the air from strong acid or strong bases in to the tube which have
contents liquid broth,but the supporter of spontaneous generation saidif the air pass to
acid and bases have changed so that it is so difficult for microbe to there .schroeder

5. and Theodore van dusch (1854) do the same experiment with spallanzani and
Schwann but they strain the air which will enter using steriele cotton ,the result show
that there are not growth in the water of boiled meat which had heated. The all
experiment had done and have not collapsed the conviction of all people with
spontaneous generation concept. After Louis Pasteur in 1865 done the experiment
used flask have liquid broth which closed used pipe like the neck of goose,can make
all people believe that there are not life which can there from immovable. So that he
conclude and he said “omne vivum ex ovo,omne ovum ex vivo” Pasteur opinion
supported by john tyndall who get the method namely tyndalitation for sterilize the
media which have bacteria endure whichncan killed with boiled (Ristiati,2000:15).
Even the discovery of single-called organism during the latter part of the mid did
not eradicate the idea of abiogenesis, because some scientist assumed that
microscopic beings were simply one stage in a process of forming larger organism
from smaller ones. Thought some of these earlier ideas seem quaint and ridiculous in
light of modern knowledge, we must remember that at time, mysteries in life were
accepted, and the scientific method was not. The eventual invalidation of the theory
of abiogenesis was very gradual process. This is ancient beliefe in spontaneous
generation, abiogenesis was continuously reinforced as people observed that meat left
out in thr open soon ”produced” maggots, that mushrooms appeared on rotting
wood ,that rats and mice emerged from piles of litter,and other similar phenomena.
On the surface ,there is nothing incorrect about the observation themselv,it is the
conclusions drawn from them that do not hold up to critical reasoning. Two
hyphotesis attempted to explain the origin of lifew, they arose spontaneously by the
massing of vital forces within nonliving matter to explain the orogin of life “ simple
forms” within non living. They are explain the origin of life ,they arose
spontaneously by the missing of vital forces within nonliving matter (abiogenesis),or
they arose only from other living things of their same kind ( biogenesis). If an
investigator was able to verity one ,his work automatically falsified the other,because
both can not be true. Throughout historyserious proponents exsisted on the both sides,

6. but determining the corrct hypothesis required 200 years of combined inquiries by
microbiologist from several countries,each of whom dealt with a particular disputed
part of the hypothesis unfortunately,his experiment were done before theconcepts of
heat resistant endospores and true methods of sterility were understood (Talaro,2010).
Abiogenesis cognivite supporting happens to pitch upon or spontaneously.
Therefore, abiogenesis's concept or theory this was called also concept generation
spontaneae.according to Lazzaro Spallanzani's attempt( 1729 - 1799) ,Spallanzani
disbelieves to level with another abiogeensis's concept. Therefore, she experiments
that in principle equal to attempt Francesco Redi, but Spallanzani's attempt stage
more perfect. As material as its attempt, Spallanzani utilizes bouillon water or flesh
stewing water and two gourds. There is even one was done By Spallanzani implicit is
as follows: I. gourd: filled by water 70 cc bouillon waters, then heated by 15oC for
minutes and at keeps open. Gourd II.: filled 70 cc bouillon waters, closed up by cork
cork. On meet region among cork with gourd mouth re cover by molten paraffin that
right meeting. Hereafter, gourd, i. gourd and II. refrigerent. After been chilled both is
placed on exposed place that releases from animal and person trouble. After more or
less one week, arranged by watch to bouillon water situation on the two that gourd.
Its attempt result is as follows: I. gourd: bouillon water experiences changing, which
is its water becomes feculent crescent and its odor become not delicate (anonymous
a,2011).
In 1864, Louis Pasteur finally announced the results of his scientific experiments.
In a series of experiments similar to those performed earlier by Needham and
Spallanzani, Pasteur demonstrated that life does not arise in areas that have not been
contaminated by existing life. Pasteur's empirical results were summarized in the
phrase Omne vivum ex vivo, Latin for "all life is from life" (Anonymous b, 2011).
CHAPTER III

7. PRACTICUM METHOD
A. Time and Place
Day / Date
: Monday/October 31th 2011
Time
: 10.00 A.M until 12.30 P.M
Place
: Biology laboratory 3rd flour at FMIPA UNM
B. Tool and Material
1. Tools
:
a. The equipments are served by laboratory :
1) 4 piece reaction tube
2) Rack of reaction tube
3) 2 piece rubber stopper
4) Bunsen bunner
5) Wood klem
b. The equipments are served by the student :
1)
Plastic glass
2)
Cigarette lighter (matches)
3)
Plastic tie
2. Materials
:
a. The materials are served by laboratory :
1) 40 ml liquid broth
b. The material was served by the student :

8. 1) A candle
C. Work produce
1. Served all materials and equipments which we need for this practicum
2. Cleaned all equipments that we would use
3. Fill four reaction tubes with the liquid broth 10 ml for each reactions tubes
4. Closed the first reactions tube with rubber stopper and dropped the liquid
candle between mouth of reactions tube and the cover of reactions tube
5. The second reaction tube,boiled the liquid broth on fire of spiritus lamp
during 10 minutes.let opened without the cover
6. The third tube,boiled the liquid broth on the fire of spiritus lamp during 10
minutes and closed with rubber stopper and drop the liquid candle between
mouth of reaction tube and the cover of reaction tube
7. The fourth reactions tube,did not boil and did not closed
8. Put the all reactions tube on the rack of reactions tube and saved on our
work table,tried to avoid from animals annoyance sun light and another hot
source
9. Did the observation and made note of your observation reslt everyday
during a week

9. CHAPTER IV
OBSERVATION RESULT
A. Observation result
We had done this practicum and got the result of it. Table of the result
of practicum :
1st day observed
Explanation of picture :
= Pure and not boiled
= Pure and have
boiled
I
II
III
IV
= Turbid
4th day observed
= Sedimen
= Smell (very)
= smell (less)

10. -
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
-
+
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
smell
sediment
foam
colour
sediment
smell
Tube IV
foam
colour
smell
sediment
Tube III
foam
colour
sediment
smell
Tube II
foam
colour
dadays
Tube I
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
0
1
2
+
+
3 +
+
-
+
+
+
-
+
+
+
+
-
+
+
-
+
I
:
Table obsevation
:
Notes
:
-
+
-
-
-
-
-
+
+
+
Table observation
+
+
+
I
+
: nothing at all
+ : there is change
+ + : so many change
+
+
III
-
+
-
+
IV
+
+
+
-
+
+
-

11. B.Discussion
Before begun this practicum, for yhe firdt time we should served the
all equipments and the all materials which we need and then put it on work
table. Before we prepared our equipments and our materials,after we done this
experiment of lazarro spallanzani we get the result of it and we could get the
conclude of it.the result of practicum are
:
1. At first tube,on day one is don' t appear something,on day second happens
changing which is available few sediment,on second day visually colour
rather feculent,crescent sediment and most smells,on odors last day really
sting,sediment more and more and feculent color.
2. At second tube on day one is not telihat something,on second day colour
rather feculent,on day goes to its tricolour increase feculent and available
sediment,days its color last so feculent and crescent sediment a lot of.
3. third tube on day one,are not looked what what,on second day and third
even not looked what what,but on last day to be seen color rather feculent
and also looked sediment.
4. fourth tube on day one don't appear something,on second day visually
colour rather feculent,on third day available odor but little bit and feculent
color,and on last day to be seen feculent color,odor stings and a lot of
sediment.I don’t find foam for all tube
all can happen because in experiment of lazarro spallanzani said that the
all liquid broth which had boiled and closed just can smelt if we let it
open ,because if the liquid broth was open ,the all bacterial would enter into
the reaction tube and would contamination with the air on the out side of the
reaction tube, so that in the reaction tube could there settle,change of
color,and smelt,it showed if the air could make the liquid broth in the
reaction tube would contamination.

12. CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion
Student at university can was give the opportunity to the students of
university to join the thought and the stepswhich research were done in solved
in biology problems ,specially to know from where the uniform of life.
B. Suggestion
1. Suggestion for laboratory
I hope for next practicum the laboratory has place which good but the
students difficult getting chair that reasonably and floor also available one
breaks down so hard to clear.
2. Suggestion for Assistant
I hope assistant can give information and directive about practicum
,may be can give time to make the result observation.
3. Suggestion for the all friends
I hope all friend can hear and can see if assistant and coordinator
assistant give information,so we can do practicum.

13. BIBLIOGRAPHY
Anonymous a. 2011. SpontaneousGeneration.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogenesis
Accessed at November 7th 2011.
Anonymous b. 2011. SpontaneousGeneration.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogenesis
Accessed at November 7th 2011.
Ristiati,Ni putu,2000,Pengantar mikrobiologi umum.jakarta:Proyek pengembangan
guru sekolah menengah.
Talaro,text book of microbiology.philadelphia
Tim pengajar,2011.penuntun praktikum biologi dasar.Makassar UNM

14. THE ANSWER OF QUESTION
1.
The colour of liquid broth can bechange because the liquid broth was
contamination the air out the reaction tube and the reaction tube did
not closed and did not boil
2.
From the liquid brothand from the air out reaction tube the living thing
came and made the color of the liquid broth changed
3.
In the reaction tube was boiled without closed in,the reaction tube was
not boiled and was not closed and in the reactiontube was noy boiled
and closed,it was happen because liquid broth were contamination
with the out air
4.
In the reaction tube was boiled and closed , because the out air ould
not contamination with the liquid broth
5.
No,it is not,because the broth wasthe immovable so that it was
impossible to produced a new living organism
6.
Yes,it can,because the organism will not there by it self in the liquid
broth but from organism that there in the liquid broth and from the air
which have organisms and entered in the reaction tube