Experiment #
{Experiment Title}
Date Performed:
Date Report Submitted:
Report Author:
Lab Partner[s]:
Instructor’s Name:
Section Number:
I. Introduction
Three sentences are fine for the introduction. State what you measured, what you calculated, and what you are comparing your results to. Avoid using first person in the report. This section is 5 points. Refer to Appendix B and your Lab 1 Report for full instructions.
II. Data
This section is worth 20 points.
All measurements must be included and have proper unites and significant figures.
Data needs to be neat and understandable with explanations or equations.
Put in-lab data sheets signed behind this page when submitting the paper copy of your report.
The “data” heading can stay on the same page as the introduction or be hand written on top of the data sheet.
Refer to Appendix B and your Lab 1 Report for full instructions and how to achieve full points.
III. Data Analysis
This section is worth 30 points. It contains the calculations, graphs, and sample calculations if one was performed repeatedly. Always calculate a percent difference between experimental and theoretical vales. There are directions on how to set up graphs in Appendix B.
You can use Word to type equations by clicking “Equation” on the “Insert” Tab or by clicking Alt and = simultaneously. Word lets you use Latex or Unicode to type equations. It also has buttons to press to insert symbols under the new “Design” tab if you do not know Latex or Unicode. If you hover over button, it will tell you how to type it using Latex or Unicode (whatever is selected)
The hypotenuse length can be found using the side lengths:
Refer to Appendix B and your Lab 1 Report for full instructions and how to achieve full points.
IV. Discussion
This section will contain a table of summary results and paragraphs discussing the accuracy of results, the sources of errors, and the physics or answers to questions. Below is a sample summary table. Please be sure to update it or replace it with a table for the correct information.
Table 1 : Summary of Results
Measured Diameter [m]
Error in Measured
Theoretical Diameter [m]
%Difference
It is important to discuss types of error and largest error in your experiment. Refer to Section D of Appendix B and the Discussion from Lab 1 for more information.
V. Conclusion
You only need two sentences minimum and this section is worth 5 points. Refer to Appendix B and your Lab 1 Report for full instructions and how to achieve full points.
2
Experiment 2
Electric Potential and Field Mapping
Introduction
In this experiment, you use a voltage probe and a computer data acquisition system to
measure the electric potential between two metal electrodes. The electrodes are placed in a tray,
which contains a shallow layer of water. The electrodes are connected to a D.C. power supply,
which maintains a constant potential difference. The water allows an electric current to flow
fr.
This lab report examines the electric field around a conductor using conductive paper. The student sketches the electric field lines and equipotential lines for two point charges and a parallel plate configuration. Most results support the predictions, though some lines are not perpendicular, possibly due to static charge on the paper or interference from the pencil. The density of equipotential lines, electric field lines, and electric field strength are related - as one increases, so do the others. Introducing a hand near the paper would ground it, altering measurements. The introduction outlines measuring electric fields and equipotentials, while the conclusion notes that objectives were met but with some mechanical errors.
This report describes two experiments measuring equipotential lines and electric fields between parallel plate conductors and concentric cylindrical electrodes. In both experiments, equipotential lines were marked on conducting paper connected to an 8V power supply. The electric potential and estimated field were measured and plotted against the predictions of relevant equations. For parallel plates, the potential graph matched predictions linearly but the field graph was less accurate. For concentric cylinders, both graphs matched predictions closely except for points near the disc due to measurement limitations. The experiments supported the theoretical relationships between electric potential and field.
This document summarizes a student project that used the finite difference method and the Laplace equation to model the electrostatic properties of a non-symmetrical surface. The student created an Excel model of an infinitely long magnetic strip surrounded by a conducting box. The model was used to calculate potential, electric field, surface charge density, and capacitance per unit length for different node amounts. The results showed higher potential and charge density near the strip, and flux lines directed towards the box edges rather than another plate. Overall, the model behaved similarly to a parallel-plate capacitor except for non-symmetrical flux lines.
This document provides an overview of Module 1 of General Physics 2 for Quarter 3. It includes the development team for the module and the key learning competencies, which cover describing charging by rubbing and induction, explaining electron transfer in charging by rubbing, and calculating electric force and field using Coulomb's law. The document then provides introductions to the basic concepts of electrostatics, including how bodies get charged through rubbing or induction. It also explains Coulomb's law and how to calculate electric force and field. Sample problems are provided as examples. Later sections discuss related topics like electric flux and Gauss's law, with more sample problems. A set of activities for students is also included.
1. The document discusses the characteristics and operation of sensors within a smartphone. It describes the multiple conversion steps that occur as a stimulus is converted to an electrical signal, using a pressure-detecting optical fiber sensor as an example.
2. Key concepts in sensor characterization are introduced, including the transfer function describing the output-input relationship, span/full scale input and output, accuracy, calibration error, hysteresis, nonlinearity, resolution, selectivity, and sensitivity. Ambient conditions that can influence sensor operation are also noted.
3. Fundamental electrical and materials concepts are reviewed, such as electric charges and fields, capacitance, dielectric properties, resistance, piezoelectric and moisture-sensitive effects that can be
1. Edwin Hall discovered the Hall effect in 1879 while working on his doctoral degree at Johns Hopkins University. Through his measurements of a tiny effect produced using apparatus he designed, he published findings about a new interaction between magnets and electric currents eighteen years before the electron was discovered.
2. The Hall effect is the production of a voltage difference across an electrical conductor, perpendicular to both the current in the conductor and an applied magnetic field. This effect can be used to determine various properties of the conductor such as carrier concentration and Hall coefficient.
3. Applications of the Hall effect include speed detection, current sensing, magnetic field sensing as in magnetometers, and position sensing in devices like brushless DC motors.
This document provides an overview of electrostatics. It defines key concepts like electric field, electric flux density, Gauss's law, capacitance, and more. Applications of electrostatics include electric power transmission, X-ray machines, solid-state electronics, medical devices, industrial processes, and agriculture. Coulomb's law describes the electric force between point charges. Gauss's law relates the electric flux through a closed surface to the enclosed charge. Capacitance is the ratio of stored charge on conductors to the potential difference between them.
The document summarizes key concepts about electrical quantities including current, resistance, voltage, power and energy. It defines current as the flow of electric charge and explains that current is measured using an ammeter. Resistance is defined as the ratio of voltage to current and depends on the length and cross-sectional area of a conductor. Voltage or potential difference is the work required to move a unit charge between two points and is measured using a voltmeter. Power is the rate at which electrical energy is transferred and is calculated by multiplying current and voltage. Energy is calculated by multiplying power by time.
This lab report examines the electric field around a conductor using conductive paper. The student sketches the electric field lines and equipotential lines for two point charges and a parallel plate configuration. Most results support the predictions, though some lines are not perpendicular, possibly due to static charge on the paper or interference from the pencil. The density of equipotential lines, electric field lines, and electric field strength are related - as one increases, so do the others. Introducing a hand near the paper would ground it, altering measurements. The introduction outlines measuring electric fields and equipotentials, while the conclusion notes that objectives were met but with some mechanical errors.
This report describes two experiments measuring equipotential lines and electric fields between parallel plate conductors and concentric cylindrical electrodes. In both experiments, equipotential lines were marked on conducting paper connected to an 8V power supply. The electric potential and estimated field were measured and plotted against the predictions of relevant equations. For parallel plates, the potential graph matched predictions linearly but the field graph was less accurate. For concentric cylinders, both graphs matched predictions closely except for points near the disc due to measurement limitations. The experiments supported the theoretical relationships between electric potential and field.
This document summarizes a student project that used the finite difference method and the Laplace equation to model the electrostatic properties of a non-symmetrical surface. The student created an Excel model of an infinitely long magnetic strip surrounded by a conducting box. The model was used to calculate potential, electric field, surface charge density, and capacitance per unit length for different node amounts. The results showed higher potential and charge density near the strip, and flux lines directed towards the box edges rather than another plate. Overall, the model behaved similarly to a parallel-plate capacitor except for non-symmetrical flux lines.
This document provides an overview of Module 1 of General Physics 2 for Quarter 3. It includes the development team for the module and the key learning competencies, which cover describing charging by rubbing and induction, explaining electron transfer in charging by rubbing, and calculating electric force and field using Coulomb's law. The document then provides introductions to the basic concepts of electrostatics, including how bodies get charged through rubbing or induction. It also explains Coulomb's law and how to calculate electric force and field. Sample problems are provided as examples. Later sections discuss related topics like electric flux and Gauss's law, with more sample problems. A set of activities for students is also included.
1. The document discusses the characteristics and operation of sensors within a smartphone. It describes the multiple conversion steps that occur as a stimulus is converted to an electrical signal, using a pressure-detecting optical fiber sensor as an example.
2. Key concepts in sensor characterization are introduced, including the transfer function describing the output-input relationship, span/full scale input and output, accuracy, calibration error, hysteresis, nonlinearity, resolution, selectivity, and sensitivity. Ambient conditions that can influence sensor operation are also noted.
3. Fundamental electrical and materials concepts are reviewed, such as electric charges and fields, capacitance, dielectric properties, resistance, piezoelectric and moisture-sensitive effects that can be
1. Edwin Hall discovered the Hall effect in 1879 while working on his doctoral degree at Johns Hopkins University. Through his measurements of a tiny effect produced using apparatus he designed, he published findings about a new interaction between magnets and electric currents eighteen years before the electron was discovered.
2. The Hall effect is the production of a voltage difference across an electrical conductor, perpendicular to both the current in the conductor and an applied magnetic field. This effect can be used to determine various properties of the conductor such as carrier concentration and Hall coefficient.
3. Applications of the Hall effect include speed detection, current sensing, magnetic field sensing as in magnetometers, and position sensing in devices like brushless DC motors.
This document provides an overview of electrostatics. It defines key concepts like electric field, electric flux density, Gauss's law, capacitance, and more. Applications of electrostatics include electric power transmission, X-ray machines, solid-state electronics, medical devices, industrial processes, and agriculture. Coulomb's law describes the electric force between point charges. Gauss's law relates the electric flux through a closed surface to the enclosed charge. Capacitance is the ratio of stored charge on conductors to the potential difference between them.
The document summarizes key concepts about electrical quantities including current, resistance, voltage, power and energy. It defines current as the flow of electric charge and explains that current is measured using an ammeter. Resistance is defined as the ratio of voltage to current and depends on the length and cross-sectional area of a conductor. Voltage or potential difference is the work required to move a unit charge between two points and is measured using a voltmeter. Power is the rate at which electrical energy is transferred and is calculated by multiplying current and voltage. Energy is calculated by multiplying power by time.
The document discusses various topics relating to electrical fields including:
- The definition of electric field strength and its relationship to charge and distance.
- Electric field lines and the rules for drawing them, including that they originate from positive charges and terminate at negative charges.
- How electric field strength decreases with distance from a charged object.
- Examples of electric field drawings and practice problems identifying correct and incorrect field patterns.
- The relationship between number/closeness of field lines and magnitude of electric charge.
- Applying the principle of superposition to find the net electric force on charges from multiple sources.
- The concept of electrostatic equilibrium for conductors.
Diploma i boee u 1 electrostatic and capacitanceRai University
- Static electricity is an imbalance of electric charges within a material that remains until the charge is able to move away through a current or discharge. It is contrasted with current electricity which flows through conductors.
- A capacitor is composed of two conductive plates separated by a non-conductive dielectric. It is used to store electric charge electrostatically and has applications in many electronic devices. The capacitance of a capacitor depends on the plate area, distance between plates, and the dielectric material.
- Electric flux is defined as the electric field strength multiplied by the area over which it acts. It represents the number of electric field lines passing through a surface and has units of volt-meters.
Dear student, Cheap Assignment Help, an online tutoring company, provides students with a wide range of online assignment help services for students studying in classes K-12, and College or university. The Expert team of professional online assignment help tutors at Cheap Assignment Help .COM provides a wide range of help with assignments through services such as college assignment help, university assignment help, homework assignment help, email assignment help and online assignment help. Our expert team consists of passionate and professional assignment help tutors, having masters and PhD degrees from the best universities of the world, from different countries like Australia, United Kingdom, United States, Canada, UAE and many more who give the best quality and plagiarism free answers of the assignment help questions submitted by students, on sharp deadline. Cheap Assignment Help .COM tutors are available 24x7 to provide assignment help in diverse fields - Math, Chemistry, Physics, Writing, Thesis, Essay, Accounting, Finance, Data Analysis, Case Studies, Term Papers, and Projects etc. We also provide assistance to the problems in programming languages such as C/C++, Java, Python, Matlab, .Net, Engineering assignment help and Finance assignment help. The expert team of certified online tutors in diverse fields at Cheap Assignment Help .COM available around the clock (24x7) to provide live help to students with their assignment and questions. We have also excelled in providing E-education with latest web technology. The Students can communicate with our online assignment tutors using voice, video and an interactive white board. We help students in solving their problems, assignments, tests and in study plans. You will feel like you are learning from a highly skilled online tutor in person just like in classroom teaching. You can see what the tutor is writing, and at the same time you can ask the questions which arise in your mind. You only need a PC with Internet connection or a Laptop with Wi-Fi Internet access. We provide live online tutoring which can be accessed at anytime and anywhere according to student’s convenience. We have tutors in every subject such as Math, Chemistry, Biology, Physics and English whatever be the school level. Our college and university level tutors provide engineering online tutoring in areas such as Computer Science, Electrical and Electronics engineering, Mechanical engineering and Chemical engineering. Regards http://www.cheapassignmenthelp.com/ http://www.cheapassignmenthelp.co.uk/
The document describes a lab experiment to measure the Hall effect using an Indium Arsenide sample. Students will apply a magnetic field perpendicular to the current flow and measure the resulting Hall voltage. This will allow them to determine properties like the Hall coefficient, carrier mobility, and doping density. Additionally, the Hall device can be used as a magnetic field sensor by measuring the Hall voltage produced by varying currents through an electromagnet.
Electric current is the flow of electric charge through a conductor. It is measured in amperes. Current is directly proportional to the rate of flow of charge and inversely proportional to the time taken. Resistance is a measure of how difficult it is for current to flow through a material. It depends on the material's resistivity as well as the conductor's length and cross-sectional area. Ohm's Law states that current is directly proportional to voltage for conductors that obey Ohm's Law. Resistance increases with length or decreases with cross-sectional area for a given material according to the formula for resistivity.
This document discusses electric fields, including Coulomb's law, electric field lines, and the motion of charged particles in electric fields. Some key points include:
- Coulomb's law describes the electrostatic force between two point charges and is analogous to Newton's law of universal gravitation.
- Electric field lines represent the strength and direction of an electric field graphically. They originate on positive charges and terminate on negative charges.
- Charged particles experience a force when moving through an electric field, causing them to accelerate. Their motion can be analyzed using concepts from kinematics.
This document provides instructions for viewing a presentation as a slideshow and navigating between its slides and sections. It can be viewed as a slideshow by selecting "View" and "Slide Show" from the menu bar. Clicking the right arrow or space bar advances the slides. Clicking on resources from the resources slide or lessons from the Chapter menu screen goes directly to those sections. The Esc key exits the slideshow.
1. The document discusses Ohm's law and basic electrical circuit concepts such as resistance, capacitance, inductance, and power.
2. It introduces modern electron theory and defines an atom as consisting of a positively charged nucleus surrounded by negatively charged electrons.
3. Key circuit elements like resistors, capacitors, and inductors are defined in terms of how they store or dissipate electrical energy. Kirchhoff's laws and techniques for analyzing circuits like source transformations are also summarized.
In physics, Gauss's law, also known as Gauss's flux theorem, is a law relating the distribution of electric charge to the resulting electric field. The surface under consideration may be a closed one enclosing a volume such as a spherical surface.
The document provides instructions for viewing a presentation in slideshow mode using a computer. It explains how to advance slides, access resources and lessons from the menu, and exit the slideshow. The table of contents lists the sections and objectives covered in an electric forces and fields chapter.
This document provides an introduction to three-phase circuits and power. Some key points:
- Real power (P) is the average power supplied to a load over time and is proportional to voltage (V), current (I), and the cosine of the phase angle between them. Reactive power (Q) represents energy that oscillates in inductors and capacitors.
- Apparent power (S) is defined as V×I. Real and reactive power can be expressed as S=P+jQ using phasor notation.
- Power factor is the ratio of real power to apparent power. It indicates how effectively the voltage and current work together to transfer power. A power factor of 1 indicates a purely
The document discusses electric fields and electrostatics. It explains that when objects are rubbed together, electrons are transferred causing objects to become charged. It then discusses Coulomb's law which states that the force between two charges is directly proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. It provides equations for calculating electric field strength, potential, and force experienced by charges in fields.
The document discusses electric fields, which are regions of space around electric charges where other charges would experience a force. It notes electric fields are analogous to gravitational fields, which are regions around masses. The document provides examples of calculating electric fields from charges and discusses electric field lines and their properties. It also covers topics like electric fields inside conductors and shielding from electric fields.
When a charged body is kept at some place, a region surrounding this body comes under stress
and strain. According to Coulomb’s Law, if a charge (positive or negative) is brought into this
stressed region, a force of repulsion or attraction is experienced by it. This stressed region around
a charged body is called electric field.
Thus, a region or space around a charged body in which a charge experiences a force of attraction
or repulsion is called an electric field or electrostatic field.
1. The document discusses electricity, including electric charge, current, potential difference, and circuits. It defines key terms and concepts and provides examples of calculations.
2. Series and parallel circuits are analyzed and compared. Equations for current, voltage, and resistance in each type of circuit are provided.
3. The relationship between potential difference and current is explored through Ohm's Law. Factors that affect resistance are also described.
Power Circuits and Transformers-Unit 4 Labvolt Student Manualphase3-120A
The document discusses equivalent inductance for series and parallel inductors. It states that equivalent inductance is greater for series combinations and smaller for parallel combinations, similar to equivalent resistance. Formulas are provided to calculate equivalent inductance for series and parallel configurations. The exercise objective is to determine equivalent inductance using these formulas and circuit measurements of voltage and current.
1) Electric potential is a scalar quantity that represents the electric potential energy per unit charge. It is defined as the work required to move a unit positive charge from a reference point to its current location without accelerating the charge.
2) Equipotential surfaces represent locations in space where the electric potential is the same. They are always perpendicular to electric field lines.
3) For a point charge, the electric potential decreases with 1/r. For multiple point charges, the total potential is the algebraic sum of the individual potentials using the superposition principle.
1. The document discusses conductors, dielectrics, current density, polarization, and electric susceptibility. It defines key concepts like current, current density, polarization field, dielectric constant, and boundary conditions for electric fields.
2. Conductors allow free electron flow while insulators have a large band gap; semiconductors have a small gap allowing electron excitation. Current density relates to charge velocity and conductivity.
3. Dielectrics have bound electric dipoles that contribute to polarization. The polarization field depends on dipole density and alignment with the electric field. Boundary conditions require continuous tangential E and normal D fields.
Discuss three (3) ways that large organizations are increasingly eng.docxrhetttrevannion
Discuss three (3) ways that large organizations are increasingly engaging in social entrepreneurship and the importance of stakeholder relationships in this effort.
Describe the concept of ‘Third Sector’ innovation and reflect on the motive of non-profit entrepreneurial organizations to service these social needs. Next explain how the concept of uneven global distribution of innovation influences this sector. Provide examples to support your rationale.
I am adding a web link for you to review, here are a few web links on Social Entrepreneurship
1. From Forbes.com here is a list of several young social entrepreneurs.
http://www.forbes.com/special-report/2012/30-under-30/30-under-30_social.html
2.
From Stanford University:
Social Entrepreneurship: the case for Definition.
http://ssir.org/articles/entry/social_entrepreneurship_the_case_for_definition
.
Discuss this week’s objectives with your team sharing related rese.docxrhetttrevannion
Discuss
this week’s objectives with your team sharing related research, connections and applications made by individual team members.
Prepare
a 350- to 1,050- word Reflection from the learning that took place in your team forum with:
·
An introduction
·
A body that uses the objectives as headings (2.1, 2.2, 2.3, & 2.4 spelled out). After commenting on or defining the objectives (no names) include a couple of individual team member’s specific connections and/or applications by name.
·
A conclusion that highlights a few specifics from the body of the Reflection.
·
A reference page that lists the e-text plus at least two other sources.
.
More Related Content
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The document discusses various topics relating to electrical fields including:
- The definition of electric field strength and its relationship to charge and distance.
- Electric field lines and the rules for drawing them, including that they originate from positive charges and terminate at negative charges.
- How electric field strength decreases with distance from a charged object.
- Examples of electric field drawings and practice problems identifying correct and incorrect field patterns.
- The relationship between number/closeness of field lines and magnitude of electric charge.
- Applying the principle of superposition to find the net electric force on charges from multiple sources.
- The concept of electrostatic equilibrium for conductors.
Diploma i boee u 1 electrostatic and capacitanceRai University
- Static electricity is an imbalance of electric charges within a material that remains until the charge is able to move away through a current or discharge. It is contrasted with current electricity which flows through conductors.
- A capacitor is composed of two conductive plates separated by a non-conductive dielectric. It is used to store electric charge electrostatically and has applications in many electronic devices. The capacitance of a capacitor depends on the plate area, distance between plates, and the dielectric material.
- Electric flux is defined as the electric field strength multiplied by the area over which it acts. It represents the number of electric field lines passing through a surface and has units of volt-meters.
Dear student, Cheap Assignment Help, an online tutoring company, provides students with a wide range of online assignment help services for students studying in classes K-12, and College or university. The Expert team of professional online assignment help tutors at Cheap Assignment Help .COM provides a wide range of help with assignments through services such as college assignment help, university assignment help, homework assignment help, email assignment help and online assignment help. Our expert team consists of passionate and professional assignment help tutors, having masters and PhD degrees from the best universities of the world, from different countries like Australia, United Kingdom, United States, Canada, UAE and many more who give the best quality and plagiarism free answers of the assignment help questions submitted by students, on sharp deadline. Cheap Assignment Help .COM tutors are available 24x7 to provide assignment help in diverse fields - Math, Chemistry, Physics, Writing, Thesis, Essay, Accounting, Finance, Data Analysis, Case Studies, Term Papers, and Projects etc. We also provide assistance to the problems in programming languages such as C/C++, Java, Python, Matlab, .Net, Engineering assignment help and Finance assignment help. The expert team of certified online tutors in diverse fields at Cheap Assignment Help .COM available around the clock (24x7) to provide live help to students with their assignment and questions. We have also excelled in providing E-education with latest web technology. The Students can communicate with our online assignment tutors using voice, video and an interactive white board. We help students in solving their problems, assignments, tests and in study plans. You will feel like you are learning from a highly skilled online tutor in person just like in classroom teaching. You can see what the tutor is writing, and at the same time you can ask the questions which arise in your mind. You only need a PC with Internet connection or a Laptop with Wi-Fi Internet access. We provide live online tutoring which can be accessed at anytime and anywhere according to student’s convenience. We have tutors in every subject such as Math, Chemistry, Biology, Physics and English whatever be the school level. Our college and university level tutors provide engineering online tutoring in areas such as Computer Science, Electrical and Electronics engineering, Mechanical engineering and Chemical engineering. Regards http://www.cheapassignmenthelp.com/ http://www.cheapassignmenthelp.co.uk/
The document describes a lab experiment to measure the Hall effect using an Indium Arsenide sample. Students will apply a magnetic field perpendicular to the current flow and measure the resulting Hall voltage. This will allow them to determine properties like the Hall coefficient, carrier mobility, and doping density. Additionally, the Hall device can be used as a magnetic field sensor by measuring the Hall voltage produced by varying currents through an electromagnet.
Electric current is the flow of electric charge through a conductor. It is measured in amperes. Current is directly proportional to the rate of flow of charge and inversely proportional to the time taken. Resistance is a measure of how difficult it is for current to flow through a material. It depends on the material's resistivity as well as the conductor's length and cross-sectional area. Ohm's Law states that current is directly proportional to voltage for conductors that obey Ohm's Law. Resistance increases with length or decreases with cross-sectional area for a given material according to the formula for resistivity.
This document discusses electric fields, including Coulomb's law, electric field lines, and the motion of charged particles in electric fields. Some key points include:
- Coulomb's law describes the electrostatic force between two point charges and is analogous to Newton's law of universal gravitation.
- Electric field lines represent the strength and direction of an electric field graphically. They originate on positive charges and terminate on negative charges.
- Charged particles experience a force when moving through an electric field, causing them to accelerate. Their motion can be analyzed using concepts from kinematics.
This document provides instructions for viewing a presentation as a slideshow and navigating between its slides and sections. It can be viewed as a slideshow by selecting "View" and "Slide Show" from the menu bar. Clicking the right arrow or space bar advances the slides. Clicking on resources from the resources slide or lessons from the Chapter menu screen goes directly to those sections. The Esc key exits the slideshow.
1. The document discusses Ohm's law and basic electrical circuit concepts such as resistance, capacitance, inductance, and power.
2. It introduces modern electron theory and defines an atom as consisting of a positively charged nucleus surrounded by negatively charged electrons.
3. Key circuit elements like resistors, capacitors, and inductors are defined in terms of how they store or dissipate electrical energy. Kirchhoff's laws and techniques for analyzing circuits like source transformations are also summarized.
In physics, Gauss's law, also known as Gauss's flux theorem, is a law relating the distribution of electric charge to the resulting electric field. The surface under consideration may be a closed one enclosing a volume such as a spherical surface.
The document provides instructions for viewing a presentation in slideshow mode using a computer. It explains how to advance slides, access resources and lessons from the menu, and exit the slideshow. The table of contents lists the sections and objectives covered in an electric forces and fields chapter.
This document provides an introduction to three-phase circuits and power. Some key points:
- Real power (P) is the average power supplied to a load over time and is proportional to voltage (V), current (I), and the cosine of the phase angle between them. Reactive power (Q) represents energy that oscillates in inductors and capacitors.
- Apparent power (S) is defined as V×I. Real and reactive power can be expressed as S=P+jQ using phasor notation.
- Power factor is the ratio of real power to apparent power. It indicates how effectively the voltage and current work together to transfer power. A power factor of 1 indicates a purely
The document discusses electric fields and electrostatics. It explains that when objects are rubbed together, electrons are transferred causing objects to become charged. It then discusses Coulomb's law which states that the force between two charges is directly proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. It provides equations for calculating electric field strength, potential, and force experienced by charges in fields.
The document discusses electric fields, which are regions of space around electric charges where other charges would experience a force. It notes electric fields are analogous to gravitational fields, which are regions around masses. The document provides examples of calculating electric fields from charges and discusses electric field lines and their properties. It also covers topics like electric fields inside conductors and shielding from electric fields.
When a charged body is kept at some place, a region surrounding this body comes under stress
and strain. According to Coulomb’s Law, if a charge (positive or negative) is brought into this
stressed region, a force of repulsion or attraction is experienced by it. This stressed region around
a charged body is called electric field.
Thus, a region or space around a charged body in which a charge experiences a force of attraction
or repulsion is called an electric field or electrostatic field.
1. The document discusses electricity, including electric charge, current, potential difference, and circuits. It defines key terms and concepts and provides examples of calculations.
2. Series and parallel circuits are analyzed and compared. Equations for current, voltage, and resistance in each type of circuit are provided.
3. The relationship between potential difference and current is explored through Ohm's Law. Factors that affect resistance are also described.
Power Circuits and Transformers-Unit 4 Labvolt Student Manualphase3-120A
The document discusses equivalent inductance for series and parallel inductors. It states that equivalent inductance is greater for series combinations and smaller for parallel combinations, similar to equivalent resistance. Formulas are provided to calculate equivalent inductance for series and parallel configurations. The exercise objective is to determine equivalent inductance using these formulas and circuit measurements of voltage and current.
1) Electric potential is a scalar quantity that represents the electric potential energy per unit charge. It is defined as the work required to move a unit positive charge from a reference point to its current location without accelerating the charge.
2) Equipotential surfaces represent locations in space where the electric potential is the same. They are always perpendicular to electric field lines.
3) For a point charge, the electric potential decreases with 1/r. For multiple point charges, the total potential is the algebraic sum of the individual potentials using the superposition principle.
1. The document discusses conductors, dielectrics, current density, polarization, and electric susceptibility. It defines key concepts like current, current density, polarization field, dielectric constant, and boundary conditions for electric fields.
2. Conductors allow free electron flow while insulators have a large band gap; semiconductors have a small gap allowing electron excitation. Current density relates to charge velocity and conductivity.
3. Dielectrics have bound electric dipoles that contribute to polarization. The polarization field depends on dipole density and alignment with the electric field. Boundary conditions require continuous tangential E and normal D fields.
Similar to Experiment #{Experiment Title}Date Performed .docx (20)
Discuss three (3) ways that large organizations are increasingly eng.docxrhetttrevannion
Discuss three (3) ways that large organizations are increasingly engaging in social entrepreneurship and the importance of stakeholder relationships in this effort.
Describe the concept of ‘Third Sector’ innovation and reflect on the motive of non-profit entrepreneurial organizations to service these social needs. Next explain how the concept of uneven global distribution of innovation influences this sector. Provide examples to support your rationale.
I am adding a web link for you to review, here are a few web links on Social Entrepreneurship
1. From Forbes.com here is a list of several young social entrepreneurs.
http://www.forbes.com/special-report/2012/30-under-30/30-under-30_social.html
2.
From Stanford University:
Social Entrepreneurship: the case for Definition.
http://ssir.org/articles/entry/social_entrepreneurship_the_case_for_definition
.
Discuss this week’s objectives with your team sharing related rese.docxrhetttrevannion
Discuss
this week’s objectives with your team sharing related research, connections and applications made by individual team members.
Prepare
a 350- to 1,050- word Reflection from the learning that took place in your team forum with:
·
An introduction
·
A body that uses the objectives as headings (2.1, 2.2, 2.3, & 2.4 spelled out). After commenting on or defining the objectives (no names) include a couple of individual team member’s specific connections and/or applications by name.
·
A conclusion that highlights a few specifics from the body of the Reflection.
·
A reference page that lists the e-text plus at least two other sources.
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2 Responses - each 250 words.
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Gilgamesh
through
The Iliad
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The Odyssey
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The Aeneid.
Focus your discussion of heroism in each text around both the connection between heroic action and divine will and the relationship between the hero and his people. THREE PARAGRAPHS
Compare the role of vengeance in
Agamemnon
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Medea
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200-300 words, work sited
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one page, doubled spaced, in Times New Roman font, with standard
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Discuss
etiology
and
demographics
related to the diagnosis(I.e., is this dx more common in men than women, what age, group ect)
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Rose, P.S., & Marquis, M.H., chap. 4, 17, & 21
Due Date:
7/13/2014 11:59:59 PM (5 Days)
Total Pts:
125
Points Earned:
n/a
Deliverable Length:
600-800 words
Assignment Type:
Individual Project
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A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
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Experiment #{Experiment Title}Date Performed .docx
1. Experiment #
{Experiment Title}
Date Performed:
Date Report Submitted:
Report Author:
Lab Partner[s]:
Instructor’s Name:
Section Number:
I. Introduction
Three sentences are fine for the introduction. State what you
measured, what you calculated, and what you are comparing
your results to. Avoid using first person in the report. This
section is 5 points. Refer to Appendix B and your Lab 1 Report
for full instructions.
II. Data
This section is worth 20 points.
All measurements must be included and have proper unites and
significant figures.
Data needs to be neat and understandable with explanations or
equations.
Put in-lab data sheets signed behind this page when submitting
2. the paper copy of your report.
The “data” heading can stay on the same page as the
introduction or be hand written on top of the data sheet.
Refer to Appendix B and your Lab 1 Report for full instructions
and how to achieve full points.
III. Data Analysis
This section is worth 30 points. It contains the calculations,
graphs, and sample calculations if one was performed
repeatedly. Always calculate a percent difference between
experimental and theoretical vales. There are directions on how
to set up graphs in Appendix B.
You can use Word to type equations by clicking
“Equation” on the “Insert” Tab or by clicking Alt and =
simultaneously. Word lets you use Latex or Unicode to type
equations. It also has buttons to press to insert symbols under
the new “Design” tab if you do not know Latex or Unicode. If
you hover over button, it will tell you how to type it using
Latex or Unicode (whatever is selected)
The hypotenuse length can be found using the side lengths:
Refer to Appendix B and your Lab 1 Report for full instructions
and how to achieve full points.
IV. Discussion
This section will contain a table of summary results and
paragraphs discussing the accuracy of results, the sources of
errors, and the physics or answers to questions. Below is a
sample summary table. Please be sure to update it or replace it
with a table for the correct information.
Table 1 : Summary of Results
Measured Diameter [m]
Error in Measured
3. Theoretical Diameter [m]
%Difference
It is important to discuss types of error and largest error in your
experiment. Refer to Section D of Appendix B and the
Discussion from Lab 1 for more information.
V. Conclusion
You only need two sentences minimum and this section is worth
5 points. Refer to Appendix B and your Lab 1 Report for full
instructions and how to achieve full points.
2
Experiment 2
Electric Potential and Field Mapping
Introduction
In this experiment, you use a voltage probe and a computer
data acquisition system to
measure the electric potential between two metal electrodes.
The electrodes are placed in a tray,
which contains a shallow layer of water. The electrodes are
connected to a D.C. power supply,
4. which maintains a constant potential difference. The water
allows an electric current to flow
from the positive electrode to the negative electrode. See
Figure 1.
After measuring the electric potential surrounding the
electrodes, you will transfer these
numbers to an Excel spreadsheet. There you will produce
surface plots of the electric potential.
For one particular arrangement of electrodes, you will also use a
digital multimeter to measure
the potential difference between two closely spaced points in
the water. This will allow you to
calculate the strength of the electric field between these points.
These electric field strengths,
and the location of the corresponding points, will then be
graphed to test Gauss’ Law. All
results are displayed graphically, and the data sheets constitute
the data and nearly all of the
data analysis for the report. Spend time adding labels and
color-codes to your data sheets.
Though a large amount of numerical data will be recorded and
graphed, the results of this
experiment are largely qualitative. Therefore, a quantitative
error analysis is not required for
this experiment’s report.
!
Figure 1. The apparatus set up with two parallel plates.
Concept
Suppose a charged test particle is brought near other
electrically charged objects. In the
experiment, the test particle is the tip of a metal probe placed in
5. the layer of water and the
other charged objects are the electrodes. In this case, the test
particle experiences a force of
attraction or repulsion depending upon the sign of the electrodes
(positive or negative).
One way of depicting the influence of electrically charged
objects is by examining the
energy a charged test particle will gain or lose when it is moved
around in the neighborhood of
the main charged objects. One must push against a force of
repulsion to move a positively
charged test particle toward a positive electrode. This force,
multiplied by the distance the test
particle is moved is the amount of work required to move the
particle. In the experiment, you
CURRENT VOLTS
0.00 10.00
data acquisition:
Vernier Lab Pro
AC/DC
Adapter
2 - �3
won't actually feel the repulsive force. It is far too small to
experience tactilely. However, the
data acquisition probe and the digital multimeter measure the
energy (per unit charge) of free
charge in the probe tip. This energy per unit charge (Joule/
Coulomb) is called electric
6. potential. The difference in the electric potential at two
different locations is called potential
difference or the more commonly voltage. Hence 1
Joule/Coulomb = 1 Volt.
!
Figure 2. Electric field lines of a dipole located at the origin.
Drawn in Grapher as r = cos2θ.
� ! !
Eqn. (1) (2) (3)
The electric field is the electrostatic force exerted on a charged
test particle per unit of
charge on the test particle. See Eqn. (1). The electrostatic
force is the Coulomb’s Law force
produced by a nearby charged object. q is the charge of the test
particle. The electric field has
units of Newtons / Coulomb.
The total electric potential difference is computed by adding all
of the individual
amounts of work (energy) used to move this charge against the
force of the electric field from
one point to another. Work done by an electric force is defined
as the scalar (or dot) product of
the distance the test particle moves and the electrostatic force.
See Eqn. (4). By dividing Eqn.
(4) by the charge, q, and using Eqns. (1) and (3) we obtain Eqn.
(5). When, the field is uniform
over a small distance, Eqn. (5) reduces to (6).
! ! !
Eqn. (4) (5) (6)
8. If ! and the electric field are perpendicular to one another,
then the dot product of
these two vectors is zero. Then there is no change in potential
along a path perpendicular to
the direction of the electric field. This path is an equipotential
since all points along this path
have equal potentials. To conclude, field lines are always
perpendicular to equipotential lines.
It also stands to reason; the electric field should be strongest
where the equipotential
lines are most dense. The geometry of the charged object also
affects how the electric field
varies with distance from the object. Eqn. (6) is a valid
approximation if the field doesn’t
change over small distances.
Just as a marble or ball rolls down hill due to gravity, an
unbound, charged test particle
will move to a region of lower electric potential. In this way,
an analogy can be drawn between
electrostatics and gravitation. This analogy is exact due to the
similarities between Newton’s
Law of Gravity and Coulomb’s Law. Here, the electric field is
analogous to the gravitational
field g. Geographic contour lines are lines of constant elevation
above mean sea level. In this
experiment, equipotentials are lines of constant potential above
ground potential, which is
defined as V = 0.
Gauss’ Law allows us to derive expressions, which describe the
geometry of the electric
9. field for a given distribution of charged particles. Two charge
distributions of practical interest
are the long, charged line and the charged, infinite sheet. These
have practical use since charged
metal sheets are used to build capacitors, and long charged lines
are the basis for electrical
current in wires.
! (7)
If the linear charge density is λ, and for a point a radius r from
the line, the electric field
is given by Eqn. (7). Consult your textbook to see how this
equation is derived from Gauss’
Law. Figure 3 is a two-dimensional slice of this particular
three-dimensional electric field.
Hence, Eqn. (7) implies the magnitude of the electric field is
proportional to 1/r.
From Eqn. (5) it is seen that the electric potential is related to
the electric field by an
integral. By the same token, the electric field is the spatial
derivative of the electric potential
(multiplied by -1). This has an important interpretation in the
gravitational analogy to electric
fields. Since a derivative is the slope of a tangent line, the
electric field can be visualized as the
slope (or gradient) of a potential surface.
Method
The HY3003D power supply is capable of delivering precise,
constant currents or
constant voltages. The default mode is constant current.
However, we usually want a power
supply to operate in the constant voltage mode. This requires
10. setting a maximum limit for the
current. Since the fuses in the digital multimeters are rated to
400 mA, we conservatively set
the current limit to 0.3 Amps. (In some experiments, we use
larger currents and then use the 10
Amp jack on the multimeters.)
!
E =
1
2πε
0
1
r
r̂
2 - �5
1) With the power supply OFF, turn all current and voltage
knobs to their lowest (most
counter-clockwise) setting. Also make certain the push-button
labeled “AMPS” is
pressed IN.
2) Turn the power supply ON before connecting any wires.
3) To set the current limit, connect one wire (a short) between
the power supply’s red and
black jacks. The black and green jacks are common due to a
connecting metal strap.
11. 4) Turn the COARSE voltage knob clockwise about 1/10th of a
revolution. The red light
labeled “CC” should be illuminated.
5) Increase the COARSE and FINE current knobs to 0.3 Amps.
This sets the current
limit.
6) Disconnect the wire between the red and black jacks. The
“CC” light should go out and
the green indicator light labeled “CV” should illuminate.
7) The power supply is now ready to be used in a constant
voltage mode. Use the
COARSE and FINE voltage knobs to apply the desired voltage.
8) Lower all voltage and current knobs to zero when you are
finished.
9) Disconnect all wires before turning the supply OFF.
10) When coils of wire are connected to this power supply,
adjust the voltage and current
slowly to avoid a back-EMF that might cause damage.
Procedure
Part 1 Potential Between Parallel Charged Plates
1) Turn on the table’s power strip and then the D.C. power
supply and the computer. The
computer’s ON button is on the back of the iMac in the lower
left corner
2) Place a laminated graph paper grid into the yellow tray and
then place two aluminum
bars on top of the graph paper. Pour a thin layer of tap water
12. into the tray. Use
enough to completely surround the electrodes and cover the
entire sheet of graph paper
but not enough to submerge the electrodes. Return the tray to
your station and dry any
spills with paper towel.
3) Connect the voltage probe to one of the analog channels
labeled CH 1, CH 2, etc. Start
the data acquisition program Logger Pro and Microsoft Excel.
Ideally, Logger Pro will
automatically recognize that a voltage probe is connected. If it
does not execute the
following pull-down menu commands. Experiment > Set Up
Sensor > Show All
Interfaces. Then click on the channel the voltage probe is
plugged into. As you click
and hold down the mouse button, execute these commands:
Choose Sensor >
Voltage > Voltage (+ / - 10V).
4) Test to see if the data acquisition unit is working correctly by
connecting the voltage
probe’s black plug to ground and the red one to the power
supply’s 5 V output (middle
two banana jacks). The live readouts in the screen’s lower left
corner should give very
close to 5.0 V. If random or nonsensical voltages are displayed
try replacing the voltage
probe. The solder joints under the electrical tape sometimes
break. Disconnect the
voltage probe after this test.
2 - �6
13. 5) Also, execute these commands: Experiment > Data
Collection… and set the Mode
to Selected Events. This allows you to collect and save
voltages. Close the last
dialog box and then click the collect button (the triangle in the
green rectangle) to begin
data acquisition. Save each datum by clicking the light blue
circular icon next to the
collect button. You can delete the graph window in Logger Pro
since it will not be useful
in this experiment. Avoid mistakes by collecting one column of
data at a time from the
plastic tray and then copying and pasting into Excel (see details
below).
6) Starting in 2013, we are using power supplies that contain
more sophisticated circuitry
and require greater care in their use. Students and instructors
must consult the method
section on the use of the HY3003D power supplies. Connect the
power supply and
electrodes as shown in Figure 1. In Fig. 1, heavier lines
represent black wires, which
connect to the power supply’s ground (zero Volts) jack. Lighter
lines represent red wires,
which connect to the power supply’s red jack. The same
convention is used for the wire
leading from the data acquisition board and the (ideally red)
multimeter probe with its
single prong. In this way, the data acquisition system measures
and records the
potential at the tip of the probe relative to zero Volts on the
power supply. The black
wire from the measuring device to the power supply’s ground
establishes that the power
14. supply’s ground is your reference zero. Note that this
convention as to heavy and dark
lines is not continued in other figures in this manual.
7) The graph paper in the bottom of the tray is marked off every
two centimeters. Measure
the potential at every “+” symbol on the graph paper. When the
electrodes obscure the
marks, touch the probe to the electrode at the desired location.
Be sure to collect data
near and all the way around the plates.
8) Do not apply more than 5 Volts to the electrodes. The data
acquisition board is limited
to 5.12 Volts (512 is a power of two). Do not allow the
positive and negative electrodes
to touch. This causes a spark and overloads the power supply!
9) After recording one column of data, click the red stop button
and then click on the
“Potential” column heading in Logger Pro to select the entire
column of values. Execute
the Copy command in the Edit menu and then click on the green
Excel icon in the
Dock to switch to Excel. With a blank spreadsheet open, use
the Paste Special…
command in the Edit menu to transfer the potentials from
Logger Pro. Click on the
Text radio button and click OK. These procedures adjust for a
mismatch between the
clipboard Logger Pro writes to and the default Excel clipboard.
10) Within Excel, arrange the numbers in columns and rows,
just as the electrodes are
arranged in the tray. This will create a one-to-one map of what
is in the tray. Now is a
15. good time to save the spreadsheet to the hard disk. Please
locate the file on the desktop
and delete it at the end of the lab period. Once finished, you
will have created a scalar
field of electric potential values. Insert column and row
headings above and to the left of
the array of voltages. Use integers that represent the distance
(in cm) along the grid
paper.
2 - �7
11) Plot a surface graph of the electric potential in Excel.
a) Select the array of data including the column and row
headings. Then click the
Insert menu and select Chart > Surface. Here, the z-coordinate
represents the
electric potential; x and y represent the spatial coordinates in
the tray.
b) Use the Add Chart Element button on the far left of the Chart
Design ribbon to
enter a graph title and axes labels. You must select the axis
before adding the label.
c) Print a copy of the graph for each lab partner. Questions:
What does theory
predict for the shape of the potential surface between two
parallel plates?
Qualitatively, does your data agree with theory? How can you
use the graph to find
the electric field strength between the plates? Explain in your
discussion section.
16. Use Eqn. 6 to calculate this electric field from your graph.
Part 2 Potential Around a Charged Line
1) Disconnect and remove the parallel plates. Build the
arrangement of electrodes in Fig. 3.
Connect the wires to the ring and rod using alligator clips (the
ring connects to the
black, ground terminal on the power supply). Place the rod in
the water at the center of
the ring. Connect the black wire from the data acquisition
board to the power supply’s
ground.
!
Figure 3. Two-dimensional slice of a long, charged line
2) Again, use the data acquisition equipment to measure the
potential at each + symbol in
the tray. Include the potential on the ring and the rod. Produce
a surface plot of the
data. Insert titles and axes labels and delete the legend.
3) Produce a second surface plot of the data and then execute
Chart Design, then
Change Chart Type from 3-D Surface to Contour. Again, add a
title and axes
labels.
4) Print copies of your data table and graphs for each lab
partner.
5) Question: What is the mathematical shape of the electric
potential surface for Part 2?
To answer this question, assume Eqn. (7) is correct and use
Eqn. (5) to derive an
17. expression for the radial dependence of the electric potential
around a charged line.
Include this derivation in the data analysis section of your
report. As stated in
CURRENT VOLTS
0.00 10.00
2 - �8
Appendix B, the report is more readable if you write equations
by hand instead of using
text (such as x-squared or x^2). This also eliminates the time
necessary to use an
equation editor.
Part 3 Field Around a Charged Line
1) Disconnect the computer data acquisition probe and set it
aside. Also quit Logger Pro.
Obtain a digital multimeter and a two-pronged probe from the
front table. Connect a
red wire from the meter’s (+) jack to the red jack of the two-
prong probe. Connect a
black wire between the meter’s COM jack and the black jack of
the two-prong probe. In
this way, the meter measures the electric potential at the tip of
the red probe relative to
the tip of the black probe (no longer relative to the power
supply’s ground). See Fig. 4.
!
Fig. 4. Set-up for Part 3.
18. 2) Using Vernier calipers, measure and record the distance, Δl,
between the two prongs of
the probe. Raise the voltage on the power supply to between 10
and 20 Volts. If you
don’t recall how to read the Vernier Caliper, see Appendix H.
3) Move the probe so both prongs touch the ring and then the
rod. Next, probe a few
spots in the water. Twist the two-prong probe in the water,
about the vertical axis and
examine the voltage on the meter.
4) Find the orientation of the two prongs inside the ring, which
produces the smallest (near
zero) voltage reading. Record this value and make a sketch of
the orientation of the
probes relative to the electrodes. Draw a short line between the
two probe points in your
sketch. Question: What electrical quantity does this line
represent? Find the
orientation of the two prongs, which produces the largest,
positive voltage reading. Draw
this line on the sketch and record the voltage. Questions: How
does this orientation
relate to the direction of the first line? What electrical quantity
does this line represent?
5) Use the two-prong probe to measure ΔV at seven points
inside of the ring, but at radii of
2, 3, and 4 … centimeters out from the center of the ring.
Locate the midpoint between
the two prongs at these radii. Record the radii and the voltages
in a table, then use
Eqn. (6) to calculate the electric field.
6) Measure the electric field outside the ring. Questions: Does
19. this agree with your
knowledge of electrostatics? Why does the electric field have
this value?
CURRENT VOLTS
0.00 10.00
2 - �9
7) Plot a graph of electric field strength versus 1 / r to verify
the functional dependence
seen in Eqn. 7. In Excel, choose a scatter chart type and then
fit the points with a
straight line. Check the appropriate box so the R-squared value
is displayed. Print a
copy of the data and graph for you and your partner.
Questions for the Discussion
1) What two slightly different quantities do Eqns. (2) and (3)
refer to?
2) Write a short paragraph describing the relationship between
equipotential lines and
electric field lines as well as the relationship between field
vector diagrams and field line
diagrams.
3) What are the sources of experimental error, and which was
largest? What categories do
these errors fall into? Error can be intrinsic to the quantity
itself or found in the
measuring procedure or the tool used. Intrinsic means the
quantity being measured has
20. some variability built into it by nature. This error is
unavoidable no matter how precise
the measuring tool. Error in measurement usually refers to the
precision of the tool you
are using.
2 - �10
PHY 2092 Distance Learning Experiment Guide
02 Electric Potential and Field Mapping
YouTube Video #1
This 7:56 video is another fun one that is packed with excellent
visualization aids and a good, accurate
narration.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y6YdC2UoDYY
Photographs
Examine all photographs in the alphabetical filename order
given. Again, they can be found in Canvas >
Files > Experiments > 02 Potential and Field. The experiment
description found in the lab manual has
been updated with color-coded diagrams for this term. It also
includes an additional diagram for Part 3.
Videos
As with experiment 01, these videos are located in Canvas >
Panopto Recordings > Exp 02 Potential and
Field. Most of these files are very large. Therefore, streaming
and watching them may be preferable to
21. downloading. This situation is the result of external constraints
placed on the timeline for recording the
videos. Notify your GSA if the file size becomes a problem.
Unfortunately, an important video segment was not recorded
during this aforementioned timeline. One
must imagine the dual-pronged probe being twisted about a
vertical axis while it is contact with the water.
The digital multimeter’s (DMM) voltage reading will change
rapidly. We use Melbourne city water for this
experiment and its mineral content causes the voltage measured
by the DMM to fluctuate. However,
these fluctuations are small (a few 1/100ths of a Volt) compared
to the effect of twisting the probe (several
tenths of a volt). To assist with your answering the questions in
Part 3, procedure 4: consider this
additional question: When the prongs of this probe are parallel
to a field line, the angle between � and
� in Equation 5 will be either zero or 180 degrees. When is it
zero and when is it 180 degrees?
�
Δ
!
l!
E
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0
1
2
22. 3
4
5
6
7
8
9
The arrows represent the prongs of the
dual-pronged probe. If the left probe is
connected to the meterʼs positive terminal,
then the meter will read a positive number
because the electric potential at the left
probe is higher than the potential at the
right probe.
A graph of electric potential of charged point
particle versus radial distance from that
particle: V(r) = 1 / r. The particle sits at the
origin. The y-axis is electric potential V and the
x-axis is the radial coordinate, r.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y6YdC2UoDYY
Data
The data for all parts of this experiment are contained in one
Excel spreadsheet. It is found in Canvas >
23. Files > Experiments > 02 Potential and Field > Exp 02
Data.xlsx.
Unlike the previous experiment, there is a great deal of physics
contained in this experiment. Students
should pay special attention to the questions listed in the
procedure.
Sheet1Part 1: Potential between charged, parallel plates
(V)Probe Coordinates
(cm)02468101214161820141.651.882.182.442.722.963.233.553.
794.134.43121.491.722.082.362.672.993.283.553.874.204.5510
1.421.651.972.322.642.933.283.613.934.254.5981.411.641.992.
292.683.003.333.653.974.294.6061.401.651.962.282.523.063.35
3.653.974.254.6041.411.692.022.302.523.043.333.633.954.214.
5621.441.082.052.352.502.963.273.543.904.184.5601.501.822.1
12.402.572.953.233.513.804.124.52Part 2: Potential around
charged line (V)Probe Coordinates
(cm)02468101214161820200.000.000.000.001.221.211.300.000.
000.000.00180.000.001.211.311.371.401.521.431.320.000.0016
0.001.201.311.451.571.631.721.621.461.260.00140.001.271.421
.621.851.992.011.821.581.400.00121.161.371.531.832.302.652.
421.991.671.451.18101.191.361.571.922.674.662.742.081.701.4
61.2181.191.341.521.822.282.752.391.961.641.431.1860.001.26
1.431.641.872.071.951.761.521.330.0040.001.181.291.451.581.
721.661.521.371.210.0020.000.001.161.241.351.481.431.351.22
0.000.0000.000.000.000.001.161.281.240.000.000.000.00Part 3:
Potenial difference between charged line and grounded ring
(V)Δl (cm)1.3ΔV outsidelowest potential (V)0.03of ring
(V)highest potential (V)1.010.01radius r (cm)ΔV
(V)22.0831.3841.0650.8660.7070.5980.54by B.H. and B.C.