The document discusses trends in temporary migration from Asia to Europe. It notes that while countries want high-skilled migrants, accurate numbers are difficult to obtain. Temporary migrants make up a large portion of those coming from Asia to countries like Germany, Finland, and the Netherlands. The document examines the politico-legal, socio-economic, and socio-cultural aspects of temporary migration, finding challenges with integration, ambiguity around remittances, and lack of clarity around the concept of temporariness. It concludes that temporary migration policies can hamper integration and that selectivity in admission and residence policies risks polarizing societies.
Most research on migrant labour market participation and performance in the UK has focused on non-whites, especially those self-identified as members of one of the officially defined ethnic minorities. Little attention has been paid to other major migrant streams to the UK, most of whose members have entered the country under the European Union’s (EU) freedom of movement of labour principle. These ‘new white migrants’ can be divided into two main groups: West Europeans, who have been moving to the UK since its accession to the, then, European Community in 1973 (with a wider range of countries as membership was enlarged); and East Europeans, mostly from countries of the former Warsaw Pact bloc which joined the Union in 2004 and 2007.
China, Law and the Foreigner: Mutual Engagements on a Global StageLarry Catá Backer
Prepared for the Conference: “Foreigners and Modern Chinese Law”, Tsinghua University School of Law, Beijing, China, July 9-10, 2016; Organized by Profgessors Xu Zhangrun and Chen Xinyu
A Preliminary Mapping of Actors, Priorities and Instruments in EU-Asia RelationsEURA-NET project
A presentation by Dr. Sergio Carrera (CEPS), Dr. Raluca Radescu (CEPS) and Dr. Natasja Reslow (Maastricht University) at a EURA-NET project meeting in Budapest 17 October 2015.
Conjunto de dispositivos utilizados para o acompanhamento pedagógico da Unidade Curricular «Geografia da Europa» integrada no Programa de Estudos 2015/2016 da Dalian University of Foreign Languages com a Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas da Universidade Nova de Lisboa.
Most research on migrant labour market participation and performance in the UK has focused on non-whites, especially those self-identified as members of one of the officially defined ethnic minorities. Little attention has been paid to other major migrant streams to the UK, most of whose members have entered the country under the European Union’s (EU) freedom of movement of labour principle. These ‘new white migrants’ can be divided into two main groups: West Europeans, who have been moving to the UK since its accession to the, then, European Community in 1973 (with a wider range of countries as membership was enlarged); and East Europeans, mostly from countries of the former Warsaw Pact bloc which joined the Union in 2004 and 2007.
China, Law and the Foreigner: Mutual Engagements on a Global StageLarry Catá Backer
Prepared for the Conference: “Foreigners and Modern Chinese Law”, Tsinghua University School of Law, Beijing, China, July 9-10, 2016; Organized by Profgessors Xu Zhangrun and Chen Xinyu
A Preliminary Mapping of Actors, Priorities and Instruments in EU-Asia RelationsEURA-NET project
A presentation by Dr. Sergio Carrera (CEPS), Dr. Raluca Radescu (CEPS) and Dr. Natasja Reslow (Maastricht University) at a EURA-NET project meeting in Budapest 17 October 2015.
Conjunto de dispositivos utilizados para o acompanhamento pedagógico da Unidade Curricular «Geografia da Europa» integrada no Programa de Estudos 2015/2016 da Dalian University of Foreign Languages com a Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas da Universidade Nova de Lisboa.
Financial Inclusion of Refugees in Germany_Project BackgroundSwati Mehta
The attached presentation provides the background, objectives, and introduction of team members involved in the research.
The research is being conducted as part of my German Chancellor Fellowship. With this research, we intend to understand what factors affect economic outcomes of the newcomers as they integrate in Germany. More specifically, it aims to collect qualitative insights into the strategies they use to manage day-to-day financial needs, overcome financial risks, and build lump sums of money to seek economic opportunities.
Ganesh K. Seshan
VIRTUAL RESEARCH SEMINAR
Irregular Migration and Food Security: A View from West Africa
Co-organized by IFPRI and World Food Programme (WFP)
JUL 20, 2023 - 9:30 TO 11:00AM EDT
The International Conference on Migration in Africa (ICMA) hosted by the Scalabrini Institute for Human Mobility in Africa (SIHMA) and the Institute for Social Development at UWC, on 3 December 2014 brought together local, African and international scholars, academics, researchers, practitioners, professionals, policy makers and NGO representatives and funding bodies to discuss issues relating to human mobility in Africa. The topics included south-south migration, the nexus between migration and development, irregular migration and reintegration of returnee migrants.
Policy responses to multiculturalism, integration and diversity - part 1MigrationPolicyCentre
Dealing with migration related diversity in Europe
Executive Training Migration in the EU and its Neighbourhood
Florence, 21 January 2013
by Anna Triandafyllidou
AS Level Human Geography - Migration of Population Arm Punyathorn
This chapter has very recently been expanded from being a mere part of the population dynamic topic. A good call since migration has become a pretty big issue in the world today as population mobility has greatly increased in the 21st century.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Experiences from Destination Countries: Finland, Germany, and the Netherlands
1. EU-ASIAN MOBILITY AT THE TIME OF
MIGRATION AND REFUGEES COMPACTS
ADDRESSING THE TRANSFORMATIVE
CHARACTERISTICS OF TEMPORARY MIGRATION
Experiences from destination countries
Finland, Germany, the Netherlands
Dr. Kerstin Schmidt
Bielefeld University, Germany
kerstin.schmidt1@uni-bielefeld.de
2. Outline
• General trends in migration and related policies
• Understandings of temporary migration and
temporariness in migration policies
• Politico-legal aspects of temporary migration
• Socio-economic aspects of temporary migration
• Socio-cultural aspects of temporary migration
• Conclusion
3. Temporary migration from Asia to Europe
• political will to attract high-skilled migrants, such as
academics, managers and IT experts, many of the IT
experts are from Asia (India and China).
• companies actively promote businesses in Asia,
especially in China and India, increasing inter-company
transfers (Finland).
• internationalisation of higher education considered
desirable.
4. Temporary migration from Asia to Europe
• Increasingly important phenomenon, concrete numbers
difficult to define.
• In the Netherlands, 60 per cent of temporary labour
migrants are from Asian countries.
• In Finland, 40 per cent of international students are from
Asian countries.
• 1.3 million people, mainly from Syria, Afghanistan and
Iraq, applied for asylum in European countries in the
year 2015 (about 450,000 in Germany).
5. Migration trends and related policies
• “Humanitarian crisis”
• Need for sustainable integration (housing,
education, labour market integration, language
courses - Germany).
• Who engages in these measures and in which
ways?
• Discourses of humanitarian aspects and rights vs.
discourses about ‘human capital’ and ‘utility’ in
certain labour market segments.
6. Temporary migration
• Lack of a coherent understanding of temporary migration
in public discourses and in national legislation.
• Temporariness in relation to migration often not explicitly
considered in immigration laws, or not clearly defined.
• Migration policies implicitly geared towards
temporariness (frequent renewal of residence permits)
• Potential reasons:
• Public opinion: migrants will not stay
• Potential to offer residency to those who qualify (wages, skills)
7. Temporary migration
• In public opinion, the length of stay of migrants is
determined by legal frameworks or by the labour market
in the form of working contracts.
• Migrants base their decisions about staying or leaving on
career prospects but also on personal experiences,
including perceptions of social acceptance.
• In general, stays in European destination countries are
often only one step in the course of international careers.
8. Politico-legal aspects of temporary migration
• Issues regarding the implementation of laws and high
levels of bureaucracy.
• Institutions not sufficiently adapted to the inflow of
temporary migrants: lack of adequately trained personnel
resulting in procedures that are perceived as arbitrary by
migrants.
• Low rates of participation of temporary migrants in
politics or activism.
9. Socio-economic aspects of temporary migration
• Selective admission and integration policies geared towards
economic benefit.
• Fears of cost for society but also optimism regarding
positive outcomes in the long term (humanitarian migrants).
• Employed migrants often satisfied, higher salaries, working
conditions.
• Difficulties with access to the labour market.
• Danger of migrants‘ exploitation.
10. Socio-economic aspects of temporary migration
• Ambiguity with regard to the importance of financial
remittances:
• often families are not economically dependent on remittances,
• migrants cannot afford to remit,
• some temporary migrants also receive reverse remittances.
11. Socio-cultural aspects of temporary migration
• Different understandings of integration:
• policy-makers expect governments to provide
integration measures and migrants to make use of
them;
• migrants often refer to integration in everyday life
situations and with respect to the interaction with
locals, feelings of exclusion, which might result in
shorter stays.
12. Socio-cultural aspects of temporary migration
• Integration of temporary migrants not a policy
concern.
• High-skilled migrants exemption from integration
courses (NL) – difficulties in everyday life.
• Language skills are important.
13. Socio-cultural aspects of temporary migration
• Anti-immigrant sentiments and violence,
xenophobia and racism.
• Increase of right-wing populist parties.
• Danger for social cohesion within and between
European countries.
14. Conclusion
• Temporary migration not a clearly defined concept.
• Temporariness desired by destination societies (flexible
workers, selective procedures for admission and
potential long-term residence)
• Life in limbo not desirable for most people.
• Integration hampered by lack of language and cultural
knowledge, not considered important by governments
and migrants.
15. Conclusion
• Selectivity of admission of migrants, followed by the
selectivity of those who are offered residency (needs of
national economies).
• Transition into the labour market of international students
after graduation.
• Importance of family migration and the integration of
spouses into the labour market and of children into the
educational system.
16. Conclusion
• Perceptions of not being welcome (confusing
bureaucratic procedures, frequent renewal of residence
permits).
• Non-acceptance in society.
• Danger of polarisation of societies.
• Some migrants might leave.
• Others might face obstacles in their career and personal
development.
17. Thank you!
Dr. Kerstin Schmidt
Bielefeld University, Germany
kerstin.schmidt1@uni-bielefeld.de