Excretion in higher invertebrates

1. Priya Rathore
EXCRETION IN
HIGHER
INVERTEBRATES
M.Sc 1st Sem

2. Introduction of the topic
01
03 Arthropoda
Annelida
02
Conclusions
04
CONTENTS

3. 01
INTRODUCTION
 Excretory system regulates the amount of nitrogenous
material, inorganic salts and water content in the blood.
 Both cockroach and earthworm are terrestrial in habitat
their excretion is discuss in detail.
 Nephridia act as primary excretory organs in case
earthworm. .
 In cockroach the waste is removed from the hindgut.
 Their excretory organ is highly branched malphighian
tubules. Hence it can be said that malphighian tubules act
as excretory organ in case of cockroach and other insects.

4. In earthworm excretion is performed by nephridia.
Nephridia are segmentally arranged, microscopic, coiled tubes,
they are unbranched and their inner end open into coelom by
ciliated funnel called metanephridium.
Except the first three segments they occur in all segments of the
body.
They are distinguished into three types :-
1. Pharyngeal nephridia
2. Integument nephridia
3. Septal nephridia
ANNELIDS

5. 01

6. • They occur as paired tuft on either sides of pharynx
and oesophagus in the 4th, 5th and 6th segments.
• In each tuft the terminal tuft of each tubules joins
together to form single thick walled common duct.
• Thus there are three pairs of common pharyngeal
nephridial ducts, which runs anteriorly parallel to the
ventral nerve cord.
• Pharyngeal nephridia are thus enteronephric.
PHARYNGEAL NEPHRIDIA :-

7. INTEGUMENT NEPHRIDIA :-
• On the entire inner parietal surface of body wall
except the first 2 segments this nephridia are found
scattered.
• There terminal duct opens on body surface
independently through minute opening known as
nephridiopores.
• They are thus exonephric. There are about 200-
250 nephridia.

8. • These are the largest nephridia in case of earthworm.It consist of
three main part nephrostomes, body, and terminal duct.
• Nephrostomes leads into the main body of nephridium through
the short, narrow and ciliated body like neck.
• Body consist of two parts, a short straight lobe and a long twisted
lobe with narrow apical part. Straight lobe is one half of the
twisted lobe.
• Twisted lobe consist of proximal and distal limb, which are
spirally arranged upon each other. Distal limb of body of
nephridium end in a short and narrow duct called terminal duct.
SEPTAL NEPHRIDIA :-

10. Glandular mass traversed by a coiled tubules is
present in nephridium, they posses four ciliated tracts
in its course, one in neck, two in body and one in
terminal duct.There are four parallel tubules in the
straight lobe.
NEPHRIDIAL TUBULES -

11. • Nephridia are abundantly supplied with blood
vessels.Water and nitrogenous waste is excreted by
their glands.
• Septal nephridia also eliminate excretory material from
the coelomic fluid. Through the nephridipore,
integument nephridia also eliminate discharge
excretory material to outer body surface.
• Paryngeal and septal nephridia discharge excretory
material to the gut lumen from where they are
eliminated with faeces.
PHYSIOLOGY

13. Periplaneta americana :- The common cockroaches
Main function of excretion is performed by following structures :
• Malphighian tubules
• Fat body cells
• Uricose gland
• Cuticle
•
ARTHROPODA

14. MALPHIGIAN TUBULES -
Present on the extremely anterior of hindgut attach to the
alimentary canal.
This are fine, long, unbranch, yellowish and blind tubules lying
freely into the haemolymph.
They extract nitrogenous waste which mostly in the form of salt of
uric acid and water from haemolymph forming a solution called
urine.
FAT BODY CELLS -
They are present in a greater part in haemocoel.
Urate cells accumulates, produce and store uric acid, this mode of
excretion is known as storage excretion.

15. URICOSE GLAND -
The mushroom gland of male cockroach posses long, blind tubules
at its peiphey called uricose gland or utriculi majors. These tubules
stores uric acid and discharge it over spermatophore during
copulation.
CUTICLE -
With shedding of each moult deposited nitrogenous waste are
eliminated.

17. Earthworm and cockroach both are cosmopolitan species.
Cockroach eliminates uric acid but in case of earthworm uric acid is
not found. A well fed earthworm excretes predominately ammonia
as nitrogenous excretory waste. Excretory waste is eliminated in
the form urine in both cockroach as well as earthworm.
In cockroaches as a result of protein metabolism, nitrogen is
produced in excess which is then excreted as uric acid. Their
process of excretion is similar to the vertebrates that is first waste
material is removed from the blood and then the removed material
is again filtered for reabsorption.
CONCLUSION

18. THANK YOU
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