This presentation discusses excavation and trenching safety. It outlines the key safety requirements including proper sloping, shoring or benching of trench walls based on soil type and depth. Collapses are the most common accident and can occur rapidly. Proper planning, inspections for cracking or bulging walls, and emergency procedures are essential. Ladders or ramps are required for entry/exit and spoils must be kept back from the trench edge.
The document discusses excavation safety. It notes that excavating is one of the most hazardous construction operations, with cave-ins posing the greatest risk and often resulting in fatalities. OSHA regulations require protective systems like sloping, shielding, or shoring for trenches over 5 feet deep. A competent person must inspect sites and determine the appropriate protection. Proper ingress/egress, atmospheric testing, and following basic rules can help prevent accidents and save lives. Pre-planning is critical to excavation safety.
The document discusses excavation and trench safety guidelines. It provides an overview of regulations from the NYC Department of Buildings and OSHA regarding trench excavation safety. Key risks include cave-ins being the most common accident, with most fatalities occurring in trenches between 5-14 feet deep. Proper protection of excavations through sloping, shoring, or benching is required for excavations deeper than 5 feet. Regular inspection and maintenance of excavation protection systems is emphasized.
This document provides guidance on classifying soil and rock deposits for excavation safety. It defines terms like cohesive soil, granular soil, saturated soil and provides classification types from stable rock to type A, B and C in order of stability. Visual and manual tests are described to properly classify soil based on properties like compressive strength, ability to form balls or threads when moist, and tendency to crack or spall. Layered systems must be classified based on the weakest layer. Reclassification is needed if conditions change.
This document provides guidance on excavation and trench safety. It defines excavation, trench, and confined space. The objectives are to highlight excavation hazards, cave-in protection methods, and the role of the competent person. General requirements include locating underground utilities, daily inspections by a competent person, and using protective systems like sloping, shoring, or shielding. Factors in protective system design include soil classification, depth, water content, and other operations. Proper access, egress, and fall protection are also covered.
OSHA performance standard for trenching and excavation deals with many topics including soil classifications, underground hazards, atmospheric hazards, protection systems, competent person qualifications, etc. Our training covers all types of construction work. If you want to attend our classes, contact us by email at windsgroup@aol.com or call (732) 221-5687. More information can be obtained on our website. OSHA 10-Hr and 30-Hr.Construction Health and Safety courses are forming now.
The document provides guidance from Oregon OSHA on excavation safety. It describes how to properly classify soil types, plan excavation work, inspect excavation sites, and select appropriate protective systems to prevent cave-ins. The role of the competent person to oversee this process and ensure excavations are done safely is emphasized. Cave-ins present deadly risks, so following these procedures is vital for protecting workers.
The document defines key terms related to excavation safety requirements including benching, competent person, excavation, stable rock, and trench. It provides descriptions of soil types A, B, and C based on factors such as cohesiveness and ability to be molded or penetrated by hand. Visual and manual tests are described to aid in classifying soil types at excavation sites.
Excavation and trenching work requires proper safety precautions to prevent cave-ins and protect workers. The OSHA regulations specify requirements for protective systems like sloping, shoring, or trench boxes based on soil type and trench depth. A competent person must inspect excavations daily and after any changes for hazards. Proper access and egress, such as a ladder in deep trenches, is also required. Without adequate protections, cave-ins can bury and kill workers as demonstrated by the fatal accident examples described.
The document discusses excavation safety. It notes that excavating is one of the most hazardous construction operations, with cave-ins posing the greatest risk and often resulting in fatalities. OSHA regulations require protective systems like sloping, shielding, or shoring for trenches over 5 feet deep. A competent person must inspect sites and determine the appropriate protection. Proper ingress/egress, atmospheric testing, and following basic rules can help prevent accidents and save lives. Pre-planning is critical to excavation safety.
The document discusses excavation and trench safety guidelines. It provides an overview of regulations from the NYC Department of Buildings and OSHA regarding trench excavation safety. Key risks include cave-ins being the most common accident, with most fatalities occurring in trenches between 5-14 feet deep. Proper protection of excavations through sloping, shoring, or benching is required for excavations deeper than 5 feet. Regular inspection and maintenance of excavation protection systems is emphasized.
This document provides guidance on classifying soil and rock deposits for excavation safety. It defines terms like cohesive soil, granular soil, saturated soil and provides classification types from stable rock to type A, B and C in order of stability. Visual and manual tests are described to properly classify soil based on properties like compressive strength, ability to form balls or threads when moist, and tendency to crack or spall. Layered systems must be classified based on the weakest layer. Reclassification is needed if conditions change.
This document provides guidance on excavation and trench safety. It defines excavation, trench, and confined space. The objectives are to highlight excavation hazards, cave-in protection methods, and the role of the competent person. General requirements include locating underground utilities, daily inspections by a competent person, and using protective systems like sloping, shoring, or shielding. Factors in protective system design include soil classification, depth, water content, and other operations. Proper access, egress, and fall protection are also covered.
OSHA performance standard for trenching and excavation deals with many topics including soil classifications, underground hazards, atmospheric hazards, protection systems, competent person qualifications, etc. Our training covers all types of construction work. If you want to attend our classes, contact us by email at windsgroup@aol.com or call (732) 221-5687. More information can be obtained on our website. OSHA 10-Hr and 30-Hr.Construction Health and Safety courses are forming now.
The document provides guidance from Oregon OSHA on excavation safety. It describes how to properly classify soil types, plan excavation work, inspect excavation sites, and select appropriate protective systems to prevent cave-ins. The role of the competent person to oversee this process and ensure excavations are done safely is emphasized. Cave-ins present deadly risks, so following these procedures is vital for protecting workers.
The document defines key terms related to excavation safety requirements including benching, competent person, excavation, stable rock, and trench. It provides descriptions of soil types A, B, and C based on factors such as cohesiveness and ability to be molded or penetrated by hand. Visual and manual tests are described to aid in classifying soil types at excavation sites.
Excavation and trenching work requires proper safety precautions to prevent cave-ins and protect workers. The OSHA regulations specify requirements for protective systems like sloping, shoring, or trench boxes based on soil type and trench depth. A competent person must inspect excavations daily and after any changes for hazards. Proper access and egress, such as a ladder in deep trenches, is also required. Without adequate protections, cave-ins can bury and kill workers as demonstrated by the fatal accident examples described.
Cave-ins pose the greatest risk in excavations. Other hazards include asphyxiation, toxic fumes, fire, and moving machinery. Protective systems like sloping, shielding, and shoring must be used to protect employees. A competent person must inspect excavations and protective systems daily and after any changes in conditions to ensure employee safety.
NIOSH - Preventing Worker Deaths from Trench Cave-ins Robson Peixoto
Workers performing excavation and trenching are at high risk of fatal injury from cave-ins. From 2000-2009, an average of 35 workers died each year in trench cave-ins. Proper protective systems such as sloping, shoring, or trench boxes are required but are often not used. Two case studies describe incidents where Hispanic laborers working in unprotected trenches were fully buried and suffocated when the walls collapsed. NIOSH recommends pre-job planning, competent oversight, protective systems, training, and safe work practices to prevent the life-threatening hazards of trench cave-ins.
The document provides information about demolition techniques and safety precautions for demolition. It discusses demolition methods such as manual demolition, demolition by machines, demolition by hydraulic crushers, demolition by wrecking ball, and demolition by explosives including implosion. It also outlines the typical demolition sequence and covers safety topics like protective equipment, temporary supports, training, equipment maintenance, and debris handling.
Bumperite Waterguards Sealed Scaffold Ties are 35 times stronger than traditional scaffold wire ties, plus they are sealable in just one component. Using Bumperite Waterguards reduces labor costs and is safer and more reliable.
This document discusses hazards and safety solutions for various types of construction work. It addresses common hazards from falls, trench collapses, scaffolding failures, electrocutions, and more. It provides guidance on proper use of personal protective equipment, fall protection systems, safe scaffolding, trench shoring, lockout/tagout procedures, and other measures to prevent injuries and fatalities in the construction industry. The document aims to educate construction workers on best practices for avoiding common safety issues according to OSHA standards.
This document provides a job safety analysis for erecting jet fuel storage tanks. It outlines 13 key steps in the erection process and identifies potential hazards at each step, such as falls, being struck by objects, fires, and more. Safety precautions are also listed to mitigate the hazards, including using proper personal protective equipment, restricting access under suspended loads, following proper lifting and staging procedures, and more. The responsibilities of supervisors, riggers, welders and other roles are defined to ensure safety is prioritized throughout the tank erection work.
This document provides a job hazard analysis for the job of using and maintaining rock drills. It identifies potential hazards for each step of the job from transporting the drills to operating them. The main hazards identified are injuries from inhalation of silica dust while drilling, muscle strains and repetitive motion injuries from operating the drills, and cuts or scrapes from freshly cut rock. It recommends actions to address each hazard such as using proper protective equipment like respirators, taking frequent breaks while drilling, and exercising caution when handling cut rock.
Ma 033 jsa rack pup joint in the stb rackYousif Fikry
This document outlines the steps and potential hazards involved in racking a pup joint on an offshore drilling rig's deck. It describes 3 main steps: 1) preparing and lifting the pup joint using a crane, 2) setting the pup joint upright in the deck rack, and 3) unhooking the pup joint from the crane. Potential hazards at each step include people being struck by moving equipment, caught in pinch points, and risks from improper lifting. Recommendations are provided such as using tag lines, barricades, and radios to communicate between workers and reduce hazards. Safety equipment like hard hats and steel-toed boots are also listed.
The document describes several excavation accidents and OSHA violations that occurred between 2014-2015. It notes that in October 2014, a contractor in Michigan failed to properly shore a 16-18 foot deep trench, resulting in a fatality when the wall collapsed. In another incident, a contractor in New Jersey did not slope or shore a 10 foot deep trench, killing two workers. The top citations issued by OSHA for trenching violations included lack of cave-in protection, inadequate means of egress, spoil piles within 2 feet of the edge, and lack of daily inspections by a competent person.
The document summarizes new OSHA standards for fall protection that will take effect in 2017 and beyond. Key points include:
- The new standards will require fall protection for workers 4 feet or more above a lower level, clarifying previous construction standard of 6 feet.
- Effective dates are staggered over several years for things like training, inspections, and equipment upgrades.
- Definitions are provided for terms like designated area, temporary, infrequent, and dockboards.
- Requirements address specific areas like roofs, ladders, fall protection systems, and general walking-working surfaces.
The slide provide a detailed insight into the different types of anchors commonly used in the region and also on how to choose and install the appropriate anchors for different types of base material.
Also, you can find information on
*Parameters affecting the capacity of anchors.
*Design calculation of anchors
*Common Bad practices
See more: https://www.fischer.ae/en
This document covers excavation safety regulations and procedures. It discusses the OSHA Subpart P requirements including appointing a competent person to oversee excavations. A competent person must be able to identify hazards and have authority to address them. Requirements for protective systems like sloping, shoring and shields are outlined. Proper inspections and procedures for rescue are emphasized to prevent cave-ins and protect workers in excavations.
This newsletter summarizes OSHA regulations regarding trenching and excavation safety. It notes that OSHA has increased enforcement of these regulations due to rising fatalities. The newsletter provides guidelines on when ladders are required in excavations, requirements for soil classification and sloping of trenches, and rules for using trench boxes and other protective systems. It emphasizes that a competent person must inspect excavations daily and classify soils, and outlines other responsibilities of competent persons to ensure excavation safety.
Excvation Safety for safety officers referencessuser2c065e
The document provides an overview of excavation safety and OSHA regulations regarding trenching and excavation. It discusses common causes of excavation cave-ins including tension cracks, saturated soil, and spoil piles. The OSHA excavation standard (29 CFR 1926 Subpart P) requires protective systems like sloping, shoring, or trench boxes to prevent cave-ins. It defines key terms and outlines requirements for soil classification, protective systems, inspections, means of egress, and hazard training. The goal is to educate workers on excavation hazards and OSHA standards to prevent injuries and fatalities from cave-ins and other dangers like exposure to equipment or toxic atmospheres.
Construction Safety Training_Session 02_Excavation Works, Hazards and Controls Muizz Anibire
Learning objectives
Identify the various types of hazards in excavation works.
Describe the planning process for excavation works.
Describe basic excavation support systems.
Identify excavation control measures and precautions.
Construction safety pocket guide osha3252zul husni
This document discusses hazards and solutions for various safety issues in the construction industry. It addresses common hazards like falls, trench collapses, scaffolding failures, electrocutions, and more. For each hazard, it provides 2-3 potential solutions, such as using fall protection equipment, properly sloping trenches, inspecting scaffolding, and establishing lockout/tagout procedures for electrical work. The purpose is to educate construction workers about workplace dangers and how to prevent injuries and fatalities through safe practices.
1) The document discusses occupational safety and health procedures related to disconnecting utilities and preparing demolition sites. It outlines various utilities that may be present on worksites, including electric, gas, water, steam, and sewer lines.
2) Safety procedures for lockout/tagout of utilities are described, including notifying employees, shutting down equipment, and applying lockout devices to energy isolating devices.
3) Guidelines are provided for demolition works including inspections, securing unstable structures, clearing hazardous materials, installing catch platforms, and the safe disposal of debris. Explosives use and an example demolition project are also summarized.
This document compares poured concrete and block wall basements. Poured concrete walls are stronger, have higher fire resistance, and better water resistance than block walls. They are constructed all at once by pouring concrete into a frame. Block walls are weaker but easier to repair by replacing individual blocks. The document also outlines DOSH rules for excavation work, including guard rails around excavations and ladders for access. It defines ground anchors used to transmit tensile loads into the ground and describes types like straight shaft and underreamed anchors. Finally, common basement problems like sump pump failure, cracks from shrinkage and settling, and their causes are discussed.
This document provides an overview of safety standards for demolition according to 29 CFR Part 1926.850. It discusses preparatory operations like engineering surveys, securing utilities, and assessing hazardous materials. Standards are outlined for shoring walls and floors, maintaining stairs/passageways/ladders, protecting chute openings, and ensuring debris is dropped safely. Training and a demolition sequence are recommended. Specific incidents involving fatalities during demolition work in various years are also summarized to demonstrate why following proper safety protocols is important.
This document provides information on trench and excavation safety. It defines excavation and trenching, and outlines various safety methods like sloping, benching, shoring and shielding based on soil type. It discusses hazards like cave-ins, underground utilities, hazardous atmospheres, and recommends practices like atmospheric testing, protective systems, and inspections to ensure worker safety during excavation work.
Trenching and excavation work is highly hazardous and cave-ins are a major risk. Trenches 5 feet deep or more require protective systems such as sloping, shoring, or shielding of the walls. A competent person must inspect trenches daily for hazards. Trench work also requires safe access and egress, keeping heavy equipment and stored materials away from edges, and testing for gases.
Cave-ins pose the greatest risk in excavations. Other hazards include asphyxiation, toxic fumes, fire, and moving machinery. Protective systems like sloping, shielding, and shoring must be used to protect employees. A competent person must inspect excavations and protective systems daily and after any changes in conditions to ensure employee safety.
NIOSH - Preventing Worker Deaths from Trench Cave-ins Robson Peixoto
Workers performing excavation and trenching are at high risk of fatal injury from cave-ins. From 2000-2009, an average of 35 workers died each year in trench cave-ins. Proper protective systems such as sloping, shoring, or trench boxes are required but are often not used. Two case studies describe incidents where Hispanic laborers working in unprotected trenches were fully buried and suffocated when the walls collapsed. NIOSH recommends pre-job planning, competent oversight, protective systems, training, and safe work practices to prevent the life-threatening hazards of trench cave-ins.
The document provides information about demolition techniques and safety precautions for demolition. It discusses demolition methods such as manual demolition, demolition by machines, demolition by hydraulic crushers, demolition by wrecking ball, and demolition by explosives including implosion. It also outlines the typical demolition sequence and covers safety topics like protective equipment, temporary supports, training, equipment maintenance, and debris handling.
Bumperite Waterguards Sealed Scaffold Ties are 35 times stronger than traditional scaffold wire ties, plus they are sealable in just one component. Using Bumperite Waterguards reduces labor costs and is safer and more reliable.
This document discusses hazards and safety solutions for various types of construction work. It addresses common hazards from falls, trench collapses, scaffolding failures, electrocutions, and more. It provides guidance on proper use of personal protective equipment, fall protection systems, safe scaffolding, trench shoring, lockout/tagout procedures, and other measures to prevent injuries and fatalities in the construction industry. The document aims to educate construction workers on best practices for avoiding common safety issues according to OSHA standards.
This document provides a job safety analysis for erecting jet fuel storage tanks. It outlines 13 key steps in the erection process and identifies potential hazards at each step, such as falls, being struck by objects, fires, and more. Safety precautions are also listed to mitigate the hazards, including using proper personal protective equipment, restricting access under suspended loads, following proper lifting and staging procedures, and more. The responsibilities of supervisors, riggers, welders and other roles are defined to ensure safety is prioritized throughout the tank erection work.
This document provides a job hazard analysis for the job of using and maintaining rock drills. It identifies potential hazards for each step of the job from transporting the drills to operating them. The main hazards identified are injuries from inhalation of silica dust while drilling, muscle strains and repetitive motion injuries from operating the drills, and cuts or scrapes from freshly cut rock. It recommends actions to address each hazard such as using proper protective equipment like respirators, taking frequent breaks while drilling, and exercising caution when handling cut rock.
Ma 033 jsa rack pup joint in the stb rackYousif Fikry
This document outlines the steps and potential hazards involved in racking a pup joint on an offshore drilling rig's deck. It describes 3 main steps: 1) preparing and lifting the pup joint using a crane, 2) setting the pup joint upright in the deck rack, and 3) unhooking the pup joint from the crane. Potential hazards at each step include people being struck by moving equipment, caught in pinch points, and risks from improper lifting. Recommendations are provided such as using tag lines, barricades, and radios to communicate between workers and reduce hazards. Safety equipment like hard hats and steel-toed boots are also listed.
The document describes several excavation accidents and OSHA violations that occurred between 2014-2015. It notes that in October 2014, a contractor in Michigan failed to properly shore a 16-18 foot deep trench, resulting in a fatality when the wall collapsed. In another incident, a contractor in New Jersey did not slope or shore a 10 foot deep trench, killing two workers. The top citations issued by OSHA for trenching violations included lack of cave-in protection, inadequate means of egress, spoil piles within 2 feet of the edge, and lack of daily inspections by a competent person.
The document summarizes new OSHA standards for fall protection that will take effect in 2017 and beyond. Key points include:
- The new standards will require fall protection for workers 4 feet or more above a lower level, clarifying previous construction standard of 6 feet.
- Effective dates are staggered over several years for things like training, inspections, and equipment upgrades.
- Definitions are provided for terms like designated area, temporary, infrequent, and dockboards.
- Requirements address specific areas like roofs, ladders, fall protection systems, and general walking-working surfaces.
The slide provide a detailed insight into the different types of anchors commonly used in the region and also on how to choose and install the appropriate anchors for different types of base material.
Also, you can find information on
*Parameters affecting the capacity of anchors.
*Design calculation of anchors
*Common Bad practices
See more: https://www.fischer.ae/en
This document covers excavation safety regulations and procedures. It discusses the OSHA Subpart P requirements including appointing a competent person to oversee excavations. A competent person must be able to identify hazards and have authority to address them. Requirements for protective systems like sloping, shoring and shields are outlined. Proper inspections and procedures for rescue are emphasized to prevent cave-ins and protect workers in excavations.
This newsletter summarizes OSHA regulations regarding trenching and excavation safety. It notes that OSHA has increased enforcement of these regulations due to rising fatalities. The newsletter provides guidelines on when ladders are required in excavations, requirements for soil classification and sloping of trenches, and rules for using trench boxes and other protective systems. It emphasizes that a competent person must inspect excavations daily and classify soils, and outlines other responsibilities of competent persons to ensure excavation safety.
Excvation Safety for safety officers referencessuser2c065e
The document provides an overview of excavation safety and OSHA regulations regarding trenching and excavation. It discusses common causes of excavation cave-ins including tension cracks, saturated soil, and spoil piles. The OSHA excavation standard (29 CFR 1926 Subpart P) requires protective systems like sloping, shoring, or trench boxes to prevent cave-ins. It defines key terms and outlines requirements for soil classification, protective systems, inspections, means of egress, and hazard training. The goal is to educate workers on excavation hazards and OSHA standards to prevent injuries and fatalities from cave-ins and other dangers like exposure to equipment or toxic atmospheres.
Construction Safety Training_Session 02_Excavation Works, Hazards and Controls Muizz Anibire
Learning objectives
Identify the various types of hazards in excavation works.
Describe the planning process for excavation works.
Describe basic excavation support systems.
Identify excavation control measures and precautions.
Construction safety pocket guide osha3252zul husni
This document discusses hazards and solutions for various safety issues in the construction industry. It addresses common hazards like falls, trench collapses, scaffolding failures, electrocutions, and more. For each hazard, it provides 2-3 potential solutions, such as using fall protection equipment, properly sloping trenches, inspecting scaffolding, and establishing lockout/tagout procedures for electrical work. The purpose is to educate construction workers about workplace dangers and how to prevent injuries and fatalities through safe practices.
1) The document discusses occupational safety and health procedures related to disconnecting utilities and preparing demolition sites. It outlines various utilities that may be present on worksites, including electric, gas, water, steam, and sewer lines.
2) Safety procedures for lockout/tagout of utilities are described, including notifying employees, shutting down equipment, and applying lockout devices to energy isolating devices.
3) Guidelines are provided for demolition works including inspections, securing unstable structures, clearing hazardous materials, installing catch platforms, and the safe disposal of debris. Explosives use and an example demolition project are also summarized.
This document compares poured concrete and block wall basements. Poured concrete walls are stronger, have higher fire resistance, and better water resistance than block walls. They are constructed all at once by pouring concrete into a frame. Block walls are weaker but easier to repair by replacing individual blocks. The document also outlines DOSH rules for excavation work, including guard rails around excavations and ladders for access. It defines ground anchors used to transmit tensile loads into the ground and describes types like straight shaft and underreamed anchors. Finally, common basement problems like sump pump failure, cracks from shrinkage and settling, and their causes are discussed.
This document provides an overview of safety standards for demolition according to 29 CFR Part 1926.850. It discusses preparatory operations like engineering surveys, securing utilities, and assessing hazardous materials. Standards are outlined for shoring walls and floors, maintaining stairs/passageways/ladders, protecting chute openings, and ensuring debris is dropped safely. Training and a demolition sequence are recommended. Specific incidents involving fatalities during demolition work in various years are also summarized to demonstrate why following proper safety protocols is important.
This document provides information on trench and excavation safety. It defines excavation and trenching, and outlines various safety methods like sloping, benching, shoring and shielding based on soil type. It discusses hazards like cave-ins, underground utilities, hazardous atmospheres, and recommends practices like atmospheric testing, protective systems, and inspections to ensure worker safety during excavation work.
Trenching and excavation work is highly hazardous and cave-ins are a major risk. Trenches 5 feet deep or more require protective systems such as sloping, shoring, or shielding of the walls. A competent person must inspect trenches daily for hazards. Trench work also requires safe access and egress, keeping heavy equipment and stored materials away from edges, and testing for gases.
This document provides an overview of excavation safety requirements. The primary concern with excavation work is cave-ins, which are more likely to be fatal than other construction accidents. OSHA emphasizes excavation safety through inspections and outreach based on data showing the significant risks. The document reviews requirements for protective systems, soil classification, inspections, protection from hazards, and defining key terms like "competent person" and soil types. The goals are to discuss excavation hazards, protective system requirements, OSHA's soil classification methods, and important definitions.
Distribution of petroleum product within the oil rich Niger Delta area of Nigeria is a daunting
task because of its deltaic nature. To solve this challenge, fixed fuel dispensing stations will be built in the
coastal environment to receive and make supplies available to fishermen and marine transporters. Building of
such fuel stations require proper foundation design. Soil test results of the region was obtained and a foundation
design was made to ascertain the number of piles pile depth, pile spacing, skin friction, lateral load bearing
capacity and end bearing capacity. API codes where used to check and ensure that the results obtained are
within safety limits. This will ensure that the offshore structure completes it intended and designed life span.
Excavation and Trench Safety. Excavation and trenching are amongst the most dangerous operations in the construction industry. Dangers can include cave-ins, falling loads, hazardous atmospheres and hazards from using heavy equipment. Regular pre-work inspections can reduce hazards and serious risk of injury.
Excavation and trenching present serious cave-in hazards. The OSHA Excavation standards require employers to protect workers from cave-ins through sloping, shoring, or shielding based on soil type. Employers must designate a competent person to classify soil, inspect protective systems, and ensure safety compliance. Preplanning is important to determine soil conditions, utilities, and protective systems needed. Common protective systems include sloping excavations to a maximum angle, using trench boxes designed by an engineer, or installing sloping and benching systems based on tabulated data.
This document provides an overview and summary of key topics covered in a training course on excavation and trenching operations for contractors performing on-site wastewater system work. It defines important terms related to excavations and trenching safety. It also summarizes the requirements in Washington state law for excavation and trench safety, including ensuring adequate protective systems to prevent cave-ins, maintaining safe access and egress, protecting underground utilities, and using proper signage and equipment when near excavations. The training covers soil classification, sloping and benching, shoring systems, and common on-site scenarios to help contractors understand and comply with trench safety regulations.
Here are 5 steps to ensure the homeowner's safety during a demolition project:
1. Secure the work area. Erect barriers and warning signs to keep non-essential people away.
2. Remove hazardous materials safely. Have professionals assess and remove asbestos, lead paint, etc.
3. Disconnect utilities. Turn off electricity, gas and water connections before starting work.
4. Use proper protective equipment. Workers should wear hard hats, safety glasses, steel-toed boots, gloves, etc.
5. Control dust and debris. Use water spray to suppress dust and remove debris regularly to avoid accumulation.
ANSWER NO. 5
1. Balling machine
2. Hy
The Great Leap Theory, Donald Bruce.pdffreezefreeze2
This document discusses the "Great Leap" theory of technological advancement in geotechnical construction techniques. It uses cutoff walls for dams as a case study to illustrate this theory. The theory states that a breakthrough, or "Great Leap" requires: 1) an exceptionally large and complex project, 2) availability of specialized contractors and equipment, 3) an owner willing to take risks, 4) project success, 5) widespread publication, and 6) standardization. The construction of cutoff walls at Wolf Creek Dam is analyzed in detail, showing how it satisfied these criteria and represented a "Great Leap" from previous techniques. The success of this project led to further advancement and standardization of cutoff wall technologies for dams.
Study of Safety in Demolition of BuildingsIRJET Journal
This document discusses safety in the demolition of buildings. It outlines various demolition methods including progressive demolition, controlled demolition, and deconstruction. Progressive demolition involves dismantling parts of the structure piece by piece to avoid collapse, while controlled demolition uses explosives or wire ropes to strategically dismantle load-bearing members. Deconstruction proceeds from the roof down. Equipment used includes wrecking balls, excavators, and explosives for tall buildings. The document also discusses pre-demolition procedures like surveying, hazardous material removal, and safety measures during demolition to protect workers and the public.
2. This presentation was prepared in support of the Department of
Buildings Excavation and Trench Safety Guidelines Flyer. It
illustrates what, in the author’s opinion, are the most important
issues related to excavation and trenching safety.
This presentation, as well as the guidelines flyer, are for
informational purposes only. All such work must comply with
the requirements in the NYC Building Code and the relevant
rules and regulations. You must also comply with all relevant
federal and state laws.
The presentation provides links to these as well as to other
relevant Internet publications.
WARNINGWARNING
3. The Department of Buildings
has identified excavation and
trenching as areas where
code compliance needs
improvement. The attached
flyer is being handed out to
remind contractors, workers
and the general public of the
basic safety rules for
excavation and trenching.
DOB FlyerDOB Flyer
4. At about the same time,
OSHA published its own
card intended to remind the
public of the safety rules for
trenches.
Photo Courtesy OSHA
OSHAOSHA
5. Contractors Shall Comply with both OSHAContractors Shall Comply with both OSHA
Regulations and the NYC Building CodeRegulations and the NYC Building Code
IT’S THE LAW
IT MAY SAVE YOUR LIFE
IT’S GOOD ENGINEERING AND BUSINESS
PRACTICE
6. Trench Walls will CollapseTrench Walls will Collapse
Typically, trenches are only open for a short period of time
(minutes or hours). The walls of any trench will eventually
collapse; it is merely a matter of time. Short-term apparent
stability is a temptation for a contractor to send workers into a
dangerous trench in hopes of rapid progress and financial gain.
Death or serious injury can result.
http://www.cdc.gov/elcosh/docs/d0200/d000279/ilochap93.html
Encyclopaedia of Occupational Health and Safety, fourth
Edition Chapter 93 - Construction
Jack Mickle, Jack L. Mickle & Associates
7. 38%
Cave-in is the most common accident
in Excavation & Trenching
Trenching/Excavation AccidentsTrenching/Excavation Accidents
J. Irizarry et al .
Analysis of
Safety Issues
in Trenching
Operations
8. 37 % of all trenching
accidents occur at depths
less than 5 feet
J Irizarry et all . Analysis of Safety Issues in Trenching Operations
AccidentsAccidents vsvs. Trench Depth. Trench Depth
9. Project Value Percent Cumulative
1 Under 50,000 28.51 28.51
2 50,000 - 250,000 18.81 47.38
3 250,000 - 500,000 10.35 57.73
4 500,000 - 1,000,000 8.94 66.67
MostMost FatalitiesFatalities Occur in SmallOccur in Small
Construction ProjectsConstruction Projects
28 %
66.6%$1,000,000.00
$50,000.00
AN ANALYSIS OF FATAL EVENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY 2000
10. Most Fatalities Occur:Most Fatalities Occur:
•In trenches 5 feet to 14 feet deep
•In collapses that developed extremely
fast.
•Additional [secondary] collapses are very
common
•Co-workers attempting to rescue
someone can also become victims
12. Plan Before You Start ExcavatingPlan Before You Start Excavating
Inspect the site. Collect information.
List the risks.
Mitigate or eliminate potential
problems
Establish minimum rate of
inspection
Have written site safety plan,
including emergency procedures
13. Understand Protection RequirementsUnderstand Protection Requirements
Determine project requirements and conditions
Understand basic soil identification
Understand available protection choices
– Benching
– Shoring
– Terms
– Selection
– Installation and Removal
Understand effects of water
14. Refer to §27-1032 of the NYC Building
Code (www.NYC.gov/buildings) and
OSHA’s regulations (www.osha.gov) for
details on the proper protection of an
excavation or trench.
15. Soil Identification - GeneralSoil Identification - General
•Rock
•Gravel
•Sand
•Silt
•Clay
•Fill
See NYC Building Code Subchapter 11 -
Foundations Article 4.
16. NYC Building Code and SoilNYC Building Code and Soil
Classification Intended for Excavation
Protection and Sheet Piling
– Hard
– Likely to crack or crumble
– Soft sandy filled in loose soil
In most cases the top layer where excavation
takes place is fill. It’s worked and placed by
man and has undetermined properties.
17. OSHA Soil Classification SystemOSHA Soil Classification System
Soil classification system means, for the purpose of this
subpart, a method of categorizing soil and rock deposits in a
hierarchy of Stable Rock, Type A, Type B, and Type C, in
decreasing order of stability. The categories are determined
based on an analysis of the properties and performance
characteristics of the deposits and the environmental
conditions of exposure
http://www.osha.gov/Publications/Homebuilders/Homebuilders.html#subp
•Stable Rock
•Type A Soils
•Type B Soils
•Type C Soils
•Layered
18. Continued
Visual Determination-Soil ClassVisual Determination-Soil Class
Soil class by OSHA is dependent on the condition
of the soil in the vicinity of the excavation. Check
for:
Cracked ground at top or wall of excavation.
Fill [earth the was added or disturbed]
Excavation soil that is exposed to vibrations
from traffic or construction equipment.
Poor drainage around excavation or water
seepage
20. Safety GuidelinesSafety Guidelines
Each side of an excavation or
trench which is 5 feet or deeper
must be protected by
sheeting/bracing shoring or
sloped unless it is cut from
rock
22. Continued
Shoring Systems SelectionShoring Systems Selection
Soil type must be known
Depth and width of the excavation must be known
One must be familiar with the NYC Building Code
Tables
30. Do not work in an excavation or trench
filled with running or standing water.
31. •Use of special support or shield systems
approved by a registered professional engineer.
•Water removal equipment, i.e. well pointing,
used and monitored by a competent person.
•Safety harnesses and lifelines used in
conformance with 29 CFR 1926.104.
•Surface water diverted away from the trench.
Employees removed from the trench during
rainstorms.
•Trenches carefully inspected by a competent
person after each rain and before employees are
permitted to re-enter the trench.
www.cdc.gov/elcosh/docs/d0100/d000168/d000168.html
Accumulating or Standing Water Must Do’sAccumulating or Standing Water Must Do’s
33. Regularly check the walls of an
excavation or trench for cracks,
bulges and spalling. Check the
shoring for signs of distress --
especially after a rain storm.
34. •Area at the top of the trench
•Trench walls
•Excavated area at trench bottom
•Excavation protection system
Daily Inspections Should Include:Daily Inspections Should Include:
35. Site Conditions Can Change RapidlySite Conditions Can Change Rapidly
Weather conditions. Inspect several times each
day in case of :
∗ Heavy rains and flooding
∗ Hot or Cold Temperatures
∗ Heavy Snow or Snow Melting
Vibration
Dewatering
40. Excavator left for the weekend too
close to the trench edge. The
improperly benched excavation might
collapse.
41. Underground Installations - OSHAUnderground Installations - OSHA
(b)(1) The estimated location of utility installations, such as
sewer, telephone, fuel, electric, water lines, or any other
underground installations that reasonably may be expected to
be encountered during excavation work, shall be determined
prior to opening an excavation.
(b)(2) Utility companies or owners shall be contacted .. to
locate utility installations.
(b)(3) When excavation operations approach the estimated
location of underground installations, the exact location of the
installations shall be determined by safe and acceptable
means.
(b)(4) While the excavation is open, underground installations
shall be protected, supported or removed as necessary to
safeguard employees.
42. Stability of Adjacent StructuresStability of Adjacent Structures
Excavation below the base of an existing
foundation is not permitted as the
foundation or the excavation wall might
collapse.
Shoring is required when:
•A controlled inspection is required.
•A licensed engineer needs to specify
procedure and protection.
Lack of such measures is one of the major
causes of recent building distress and
collapse.
44. Each open side of an excavation or
trench shall have a guardrail or a
solid enclosure.
45. Each excavation or trench shall have a
way out such as a ladder or ramp.
46. Access to and exit from the trench require the :
•Trenches 4 ft or more in depth should be provided
with a fixed means of egress.
•Spacing between ladders or other means of egress
must be such that a worker will not have to travel
more than 25 ft laterally to the nearest means of
egress.
•Ladders must be secured and extend a minimum
of 36 in (0.9 m) above the landing.
•Metal ladders should be used with caution,
particularly when electric utilities are present.
Trench Ingress and EgressTrench Ingress and Egress
47. Continued
Special AttentionSpecial Attention
Removal of excavation support systems must be
planned and usually proceed from the bottom up.
Placing as well as removal of shoring or protecting
systems shall be executed without inducing collapse.
Must backfill together or immediately after removal of
support system.
Must follow specifications. All shoring members or any
other protecting system shall be assembled together
as per specs.
Various elements of the support systems must be
securely connected together and shall not be
subjected to loads beyond their capacity such as those
resulting from large vehicles or equipment.
48. •Installation of the support system is closely
coordinated with the excavation of the trench.
[1541.1(d)(1)]
•Workers are protected from cave-ins, structural
collapse, or accidentally being hit during installation
and removal of the support system. [1541.1(e)(1)(E)]
• Removal of shoring or other protective systems
starts at the bottom of the excavation. Members are
released slowly so structural failures will be noticed.
[1541.1(e)(1)(E)]
•Backfilling progresses with the removal of support
systems from excavations. [1541.1(e)(1)(F)]
Trenches and Excavations Checklist - http://www.cdc.gov/elcosh/docs/d0200/d000246/d000246.html
Special AttentionSpecial Attention
49. Trench RescueTrench Rescue
Often, one death or severe injury in a trench is
compounded by a poorly thought-out rescue
attempt. The victim and rescuers may become
trapped and overcome by deadly gases, fumes or
lack of oxygen; drowned; or mutilated by machines
or rescue ropes.
With failed rescue attempts, most of the dead are
would-be rescuers. Emergency teams trained in
trench rescue should be contacted immediately in
the event of a cave-in.
http://www.cdc.gov/elcosh/docs/d0200/d000279/ilochap93.html
Encyclopaedia of Occupational Health and Safety, Fourth Edition
Chapter 93 - Construction
Jack Mickle, Jack L. Mickle & Associates
50. Basic Rules of Trench RescueBasic Rules of Trench Rescue
Immediately get help from units trained in
trained in trench/confined space rescue
Call 911
Do not enter trench
Get people out of the trench
51. •.New York City Building Code
http://10.217.254.107/NXT/gateway.dll?f=templates&fn=default.htm$vid=BldgCd2:viewBC
•.CDC -Occupational Fatalities During Trenching and Excavation Work –United States, 1992-2001
www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5315a2.htm
•.CIRPC-University of Tennessee, Knoxville –An Analysis Of Fatal Events In The Construction
Industry –2001 prepared for Office of Statistics –OSHA
http://www.cdc.gov/elcosh/docs/d0300/d000333/d000333.pdf
•. CIRPC-University of Tennessee, Knoxville –An Analysis Of Fatal Events In The Construction
Industry –2000 http://www.cdc.gov/elcosh/docs/d0600/d000644/d000644.PDF
•.CIRPC-University of Tennessee, Knoxville –An Analysis Of Fatal Events In The Construction
Industry –1999 prepared for Office of statistics –OSHA
http://www.riskworld.com/Nreports/2001/Construction/C010802.htm
•. Charles Culver et all. Analysis of Construction Fatalities - The OSHA Data Base 1985-1989
http://www.osha.gov/Publications/Construction_Fatalities/Confat.pdf
•.OSHA Technical Manual SECTION V: CHAPTER 2 EXCAVATIONS: HAZARD RECOGNITION
IN TRENCHING AND SHORING http://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/otm_v/otm_v_2.html#1
•.Larry C. Brown et all , Ohio State University Trenching And Excavation Safety Principles
http://ohioline.osy.edu/aex-fact/0391.html
•.J Irizarry et al . Analysis Of Safety Issues In Trenching Operations, Purdue University
https://engineering.purdue.edu/CSA/publications/trenching01
•Trenches and Excavations Checklist - Taken from the "Tailgate Meetings that Work : A Guide to
Effective Construction Safety Training" series
http://www.cdc.gov/elcosh/docs/d0200/d000246/d000246.html
BibliographyBibliography