The document discusses various applications of decision support system (DSS) tools to model the Bharathapuzha river basin in Kerala, India. Ten applications are described, including conjunctive water use, artificial groundwater recharge, inter-sub basin water transfer, hydropower generation, reservoir operation, water quality management, and irrigation modeling. The DSS tools were used to develop optimal water resource management scenarios and evaluate project proposals, with some receiving government approval for implementation. An ambitious new project is underway to model 20 river basins across Kerala using DSS.

2. Total Area of the StateTotal Area of the State :: 38,863 Km38,863 Km22
Total No of BasinsTotal No of Basins :: 4444
No. of East flowing riversNo. of East flowing rivers :: 33
ArabianSea
Tamilnadu State
Karnataka State

3. Major BasinMajor Basin BharathapuzhaBharathapuzha
Basin area 6186 KM2
(4400 KM2
in Kerala)
LatitudeLatitude 101000
25’ to 1125’ to 1100
15’ N15’ N
Longitude 7500
50’ to 7650’ to 7600
55’ E55’ E
TributariesTributaries 43 Nos43 Nos

4. Hydrological parameters (including groundwater parameters in accordance
with the latest GEC) in the basin was fine tuned using NAM & Mike Basin

6. Application 1 – Conjunctive UseApplication 1 – Conjunctive Use
Scenario
User
areas
Total
Demand
(Mm3
/Yr)
SW
Abstractio
n
(Mm3
/Yr)
GW
Abstractio
n (Mm3
/Yr)
Demand
Deficit
(Mm3
/Yr)
Base
Head 19.32 19.33 0 0
Middle 32.34 7.9 6.32 18.2
Tail 20.32 5.97 5.94 8.43
Optimal
Head 19.32 9.66 9.66 0
Middle 32.34 23.45 4.89 4
Tail 20.32 9.36 5.46 5.5

7. Application II - Artificial RechargeApplication II - Artificial Recharge
Viability AnalysisViability Analysis
A project proposal amounting to 7.5 crores was submitted before the Kerala State Ground
Water Authority which in turn has recommended to the Government for the final approval.
Total ground water recharge from all the structures – 1.919 MCM/Year

8. Application III - Inter Sub Basin TransferApplication III - Inter Sub Basin Transfer
This application was to study the viability of inter sub basin water
transfer during monsoon season to rain shadow regions and there by
to augment the ground resource of the area.

9. Application IV – Inter basin transfer withApplication IV – Inter basin transfer with
Hydropower moduleHydropower module
Different scenarios were
developed on varying
tunnel capacities and
generated hydropower was
compared

10. Application V – Inter Basin transferApplication V – Inter Basin transfer
The application was
envisaged for providing
irrigation to Kanjikode -
Kozhijampara area. The
project was conceived 2
decades ago but did not
materialize due to
submergence of forest area.
In the optimum scenario
developed, it has been
observed that maximum
water (164.3Mm3
) can be
transferred to Contour canal
from Karapara and Upper
Kuriarkuty and getting back a
stable flow of 88.6Mm3
in
summer months for power
and Irrigation with minimum
submergence of forest area.
Addl. Chief Secretary to Govt., Water Resources is convinced about the new
proposal and is in active consideration for the implementation.

11. Application VI – Water Quality moduleApplication VI – Water Quality module
 The optimised 2m3
/sec of the present study can be changed to 1.5, 1.75, 2.25, 2.5
etc based on the priorities
 Integrated operation of the reservoirs in the future will help in maintaining the
environmental flow.
 A discharge of 2m3
/sec in the upstream will considerably reduce the BOD values at
Kuttippuram.

12. Application VII – Water Availability ofApplication VII – Water Availability of
Bharathapuzha BasinBharathapuzha Basin
Specific runoff in the basinRain fall distribution
Sub Basin Wise Specific run off

13. Application VIII – Inter sub basin transfer-Application VIII – Inter sub basin transfer-
Silent Valley to Malampuzha reservoirSilent Valley to Malampuzha reservoir
Preliminary runs have been made and the results are encouraging.

14. Application IX – Reservoir OperationApplication IX – Reservoir Operation
Simulated data of seven reservoirs in the Study Basin was integrated using
DSS (P) Software. Inflow (including dependability), Water level, Demands etc.
can be viewed and exported to MS Excel. This will help Officers involved in
Water Resources planning to take decisions on Water allocation.

15. Application X – Irrigation moduleApplication X – Irrigation module
Using Water User & Scripts
Using Irrigation node (attempt)

17. Karamana river basin 513 Km2
Peppara Dam
88.27 Km2
(effective storage 40
Mm3
at FRL 104.5 M)
(design storage 70
Mm3 at FRL 110.5 M)
Aruvikkara Dam 165.43 Km2
Four scenarios were preparedFour scenarios were prepared
 No release from Peppara
 FRL increased to 110.5m
 Water released from Peppara only when water level in Aruvikkara is below 43m
Release as per Reservoir Operation rule from Peppara for power generation.
Using the DSS tools we could evolve reservoir operation rules to efficiently
manage the available water in a better way. And even during the 2013 drought
Peppara did not go dry and water supply to Trivandrum city was not affected.

18. Water availability study based on
the representative catchment
revealed that the proposal for
supplementing the storage of
Pattisserry dam is a viable option.
DSS Team could present our
viability study to the Addl Chief
Secretary to Govt, who gave
Sanction to the project.
This project has been included in the State plan budget for the financial year
2013-14. Design work and soil exploration work is in progress.

19. Field investigation is in
progress

20. Study using DSS tools suggested three possible locations for the storage
reservoirs. Location Kannankuzhy has been selected for the purpose.

22. Submitted to Addl. Chief Secretary to Government (Water Resources), Govt. Of
Kerala. The findings were approved and the project proposal was dropped.
Submitted to Addl. Chief Secretary to Government (Water Resources), Govt. Of
Kerala. The project is under consideration.

24. A new ambitious project of modelling all the riverA new ambitious project of modelling all the river
basins in Kerala is under way and is in progress.basins in Kerala is under way and is in progress.
Initially 20 basins have been selected forInitially 20 basins have been selected for
modelling using the DSS tools and work has beenmodelling using the DSS tools and work has been
started.started.
Six groups headed by a DSS Team member wasSix groups headed by a DSS Team member was
formed and the work is in progress.formed and the work is in progress.

25. Achieved a lotAchieved a lot
But…….But…….
1. License1. License
2. AMC2. AMC
3. Trainings3. Trainings
4. Updation4. Updation
5. Support5. Support

26. Thank YouThank You