EXAMINE FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE A CUSTOME R’S INTENTION TO USE INTEREST-FREE BANKING PRODUCTS AND SERVICES OF COMMERCIAL BANKS IN ETHIOPIA (THE CASE OF JIGJIGA CITY)
The world's banking business has recently undergone a fundamental change that affects both developing
and wealthy nations: the introduction of interest-free banking systems. Analysis of the factors influencing
customers' intention to use interest-free banking products and services from commercial banks in Ethiopia
is the study's main goal (The case of Jigjiga city). To select 398 sample respondents from Ethiopian
commercial banks, multistage stage sampling approaches were used. Both primary and secondary sources
were used to gather the study's data.
Structured questionnaires and interviews were used to gather primary data.Data were used fordescriptive
analysis (frequency, percentile, mean, and standard deviation), as well as econometrics (correlation and m
ultiple regressions the outcomes of numerous regressions revealed that Subjective Norm, Perceived
Behavioral, awareness and attitudes. The results of multiple regressions revealed that subjective norms
and perceived behavioral control, land attitudes, had a substantial favorable impact on consumers'
intention to use interest-free banking products and services, while awareness, had a negative impact on
consumers' intention to use interest-free banking products and services in Ethiopian commercial banks.
This document provides a table of contents for a project on microfinance and private equity investment. It outlines the objectives of studying the evolution of microfinance, business models, funding needs, and private equity deals in India. Microfinance institutions face acute funding shortages due to delayed loan repayment cycles. The research aims to understand this growing sector and investment opportunities despite challenges like over-indebtedness of borrowers. Various sources are referenced to collect data on microfinance institutions, regulations, and deals in India.
Microfinance began in the 1970s when Muhammad Yunus lent money to poor villagers in Bangladesh. It has since spread globally and helped millions of poor people access small loans and other financial services. While microfinance has been successful in some areas, it also faces challenges in accurately assessing risk, enforcing repayment, and reaching the very poor who lack collateral. In China, microfinance is less developed than other Asian nations despite significant pockets of rural poverty. The absence of civil society organizations and a supportive regulatory environment have hindered the growth of microfinance there.
The document discusses various topics related to commercial banking including:
1. It defines what a bank is and its key functions of accepting deposits and lending funds.
2. It describes different types of banking systems used around the world such as branch banking, unit banking, and corresponding banking.
3. It provides an overview of the largest banks in the world by total assets, with the top 5 being in China.
4. It outlines the main sources of funds for banks such as deposits, borrowed funds, and long-term sources. It also discusses the main uses of funds such as loans, investments, and cash.
The document discusses small and medium enterprise (SME) financing policies and programs in Bangladesh. It provides an overview of SME credit operations and definitions. The Bangladesh Bank (BB) has introduced several programmes to expand SMEs, including priority lending to small entrepreneurs and women entrepreneurs. BB monitors SME credit disbursement and recovery. Regulations for SME financing include requiring cash flow analysis, personal guarantees, exposure limits, and security requirements that vary based on loan size. The implementation of strategies aims to improve access to finance, technology, markets and training to develop Bangladesh's SME sector.
Microfinance provides small loans, savings opportunities, and other financial services to low-income individuals who lack access to traditional banking. Muhammad Yunus founded Grameen Bank in 1983 to provide credit to the poor in Bangladesh without requiring collateral. Grameen Bank and microcredit more broadly have helped millions of people rise out of poverty by allowing them to start small businesses. While microcredit has significantly benefited many, concerns remain regarding interest rates and whether loans truly benefit women. Microfinance continues expanding to help alleviate global poverty.
Manual on loan policy procedure for ccs microfinanceAbdalla Hersi
This document provides an overview of the loan policy and procedures for the Committee of Concerned Somalis (CCS) credit and savings association. It outlines the management structure and roles of various bodies like the General Assembly, Board of Directors, Micro-credit Committee, Executive Director, and others.
The key aspects covered are the mission to facilitate micro-credit and savings for members, eligibility criteria for borrowers, types of eligible loan purposes, loan terms, and operational policies around loan appraisal, disbursement, repayment, and portfolio management. Procedures for members and borrowers to apply for loans are also described. The document aims to provide guidance to staff and members on sound principles for managing micro-
Retail banking provides banking services to individual customers through local branches. It offers savings and checking accounts, mortgages, loans, debit/credit cards. Retail banking started in 15th century Europe and expanded through branch networks in the 19th century. Today it is characterized by multiple products and distribution channels for different customer groups. In India, retail banking has grown over 35% in the last 5 years and offers potential in rural areas. It provides secure money management and access to accounts/services through various channels like ATMs, internet and mobile banking.
The document discusses the importance of bank lending principles for making sound lending decisions. It outlines several key principles for banks to consider, including the 5 Ps - People, Purpose, Payment, Protection, and Prospects. Major portions of a bank's assets and earnings come from advances/loans, which also carry the greatest credit risk. Following sound lending principles can help ensure loans are given to reliable customers for approved purposes, with adequate collateral and ability to repay, thereby reducing loan defaults and losses.
This document provides a table of contents for a project on microfinance and private equity investment. It outlines the objectives of studying the evolution of microfinance, business models, funding needs, and private equity deals in India. Microfinance institutions face acute funding shortages due to delayed loan repayment cycles. The research aims to understand this growing sector and investment opportunities despite challenges like over-indebtedness of borrowers. Various sources are referenced to collect data on microfinance institutions, regulations, and deals in India.
Microfinance began in the 1970s when Muhammad Yunus lent money to poor villagers in Bangladesh. It has since spread globally and helped millions of poor people access small loans and other financial services. While microfinance has been successful in some areas, it also faces challenges in accurately assessing risk, enforcing repayment, and reaching the very poor who lack collateral. In China, microfinance is less developed than other Asian nations despite significant pockets of rural poverty. The absence of civil society organizations and a supportive regulatory environment have hindered the growth of microfinance there.
The document discusses various topics related to commercial banking including:
1. It defines what a bank is and its key functions of accepting deposits and lending funds.
2. It describes different types of banking systems used around the world such as branch banking, unit banking, and corresponding banking.
3. It provides an overview of the largest banks in the world by total assets, with the top 5 being in China.
4. It outlines the main sources of funds for banks such as deposits, borrowed funds, and long-term sources. It also discusses the main uses of funds such as loans, investments, and cash.
The document discusses small and medium enterprise (SME) financing policies and programs in Bangladesh. It provides an overview of SME credit operations and definitions. The Bangladesh Bank (BB) has introduced several programmes to expand SMEs, including priority lending to small entrepreneurs and women entrepreneurs. BB monitors SME credit disbursement and recovery. Regulations for SME financing include requiring cash flow analysis, personal guarantees, exposure limits, and security requirements that vary based on loan size. The implementation of strategies aims to improve access to finance, technology, markets and training to develop Bangladesh's SME sector.
Microfinance provides small loans, savings opportunities, and other financial services to low-income individuals who lack access to traditional banking. Muhammad Yunus founded Grameen Bank in 1983 to provide credit to the poor in Bangladesh without requiring collateral. Grameen Bank and microcredit more broadly have helped millions of people rise out of poverty by allowing them to start small businesses. While microcredit has significantly benefited many, concerns remain regarding interest rates and whether loans truly benefit women. Microfinance continues expanding to help alleviate global poverty.
Manual on loan policy procedure for ccs microfinanceAbdalla Hersi
This document provides an overview of the loan policy and procedures for the Committee of Concerned Somalis (CCS) credit and savings association. It outlines the management structure and roles of various bodies like the General Assembly, Board of Directors, Micro-credit Committee, Executive Director, and others.
The key aspects covered are the mission to facilitate micro-credit and savings for members, eligibility criteria for borrowers, types of eligible loan purposes, loan terms, and operational policies around loan appraisal, disbursement, repayment, and portfolio management. Procedures for members and borrowers to apply for loans are also described. The document aims to provide guidance to staff and members on sound principles for managing micro-
Retail banking provides banking services to individual customers through local branches. It offers savings and checking accounts, mortgages, loans, debit/credit cards. Retail banking started in 15th century Europe and expanded through branch networks in the 19th century. Today it is characterized by multiple products and distribution channels for different customer groups. In India, retail banking has grown over 35% in the last 5 years and offers potential in rural areas. It provides secure money management and access to accounts/services through various channels like ATMs, internet and mobile banking.
The document discusses the importance of bank lending principles for making sound lending decisions. It outlines several key principles for banks to consider, including the 5 Ps - People, Purpose, Payment, Protection, and Prospects. Major portions of a bank's assets and earnings come from advances/loans, which also carry the greatest credit risk. Following sound lending principles can help ensure loans are given to reliable customers for approved purposes, with adequate collateral and ability to repay, thereby reducing loan defaults and losses.
Microfinance involves providing small loans, savings opportunities, and other financial services to low-income individuals. The term microfinance was coined in the 1970s when organizations like the Grameen Bank in Bangladesh began making small, collateral-free loans to the poor. Microfinance aims to help alleviate poverty by allowing poor and low-income individuals to start small businesses or expand existing ones to increase their earnings. It operates through self-help groups and Grameen model groups and provides not only credit but also savings, insurance, remittances, and training support. While microfinance has helped many, issues still exist like over-indebtedness, multiple lending, and a lack of transparency in pricing. Recommendations to strengthen the
This document discusses classification of investments, provisioning, and rescheduling procedures. It covers:
- Five categories of investment classification: standard, SMA, substandard, doubtful, bad/loss.
- Reasons for investment classification including assessing quality, risk level, and specific provision calculations.
- Basis for classification as continuous, demand, term or short term agri/micro investments.
- Rules for classification based on past due dates and investment type and size.
- Requirements for rescheduling defaulted investments including cash down payment, repayment assessment, and justification in writing.
Retail banking provides banking services to individuals through local branches of large commercial banks. Services offered include savings and checking accounts, mortgages, personal loans, debit cards, and credit cards. Retail banks deal with individual customers and small businesses by handling deposits, loans, and other transactions.
Microfinance refers to providing small loans, savings opportunities, and other basic financial services to low-income individuals. The modern microfinance movement began in the 1970s by providing small loans to groups of poor women in Bangladesh, Brazil, and other countries. In India, an estimated 350 million people live below the poverty line, but only about 5% have access to microfinance due to high costs, lack of legal frameworks for microfinance institutions, and other barriers. Various models of microfinance have emerged and shown success in India, including self-help group bank linkage programs and wholesale banking models.
Meezan Bank is Pakistan's largest Islamic bank with over 600 branches. It provides various Shariah-compliant banking products and services like savings accounts, financing, and investments. The bank aims to establish Islamic banking as the preferred choice through professionalism, innovation, and social responsibility. To strengthen its position, Meezan Bank plans to expand into new areas and improve marketing to increase awareness of Islamic finance. The bank also needs to enhance its online systems and provide better employee training to overcome weaknesses.
The impact and role of information technology in Bankisrael ipinmidu
This document is a project report submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for a Bachelor's degree in Banking and Finance. It examines the impact and role of information technology in banking development in Nigeria using selected commercial banks in Anambra State as case studies.
The report consists of five chapters. Chapter one introduces the background, objectives, significance and scope of the study. Chapter two reviews relevant literature on banking, computers, and the role of technology. Chapter three discusses the research methodology used. Chapter four presents the results of the study and data analysis. The final chapter summarizes key findings, provides recommendations, and concludes the report.
The document provides an introduction and overview of Dutch-Bangla Bank Limited (DBBL) in Bangladesh. It discusses the rationale for internships in the banking sector and outlines the objectives of the report. It then provides background information on DBBL, including its mission, vision, board of directors, core objectives, and some key statistics. DBBL is described as one of the fastest growing and most innovative banks in Bangladesh, playing an important role in the country's economic development.
This document analyzes the SWOT of private sector banks in India. It discusses their evolution since the early 20th century and present scenario. Private banks have strengths like professional manpower, efficiency, and compliance with regulations. Their weaknesses include limited geographic reach and high employee turnover. Opportunities exist in decision making autonomy and technology, while threats include competition from foreign and public sector banks. Specific SWOT analyses are also provided for ICICI Bank, Kotak Bank, and Axis Bank.
Digital Financial Services for Financial InclusionJohn Owens
This presentation highlights some of the digital financial service trends, policy and regulatory issues and examples of digital financial services and the role it plays in financial inclusion in various countries in the Asia Pacific region.
This was the opening session of the panel on digital financial services and financial inclusion during the Asia Pacific Regional Forum on Universal Access and Services and Broadband Deployment 2015 in Bangkok, Thailand.
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) recognizes the importance of risk management in the banking sector. In 1999, RBI issued guidelines for banks regarding asset liability management and managing credit, market, and operational risks. The major risks banks face are liquidity risk, interest rate risk, market risk, credit or default risk, and operational risk. RBI evaluates banks' financial soundness using the CAMELS framework, which assesses capital adequacy, asset quality, management, earnings, liquidity, and sensitivity to market risk. RBI's guidelines require banks to establish comprehensive risk rating systems, develop value at risk methodologies, and integrate asset liability management and credit policy activities to better manage risks.
The board of directors is responsible for overseeing the bank's credit risk strategy and policies. They should approve a credit risk strategy that defines the bank's risk appetite. Senior management is then responsible for implementing this strategy through establishing a sound credit granting and administration process. This includes setting credit policies, limits, and criteria and monitoring loans. An effective credit risk management system involves identifying, measuring, monitoring, and controlling credit risk, and includes internal risk ratings, management reporting, and independent credit reviews.
A concise overview of the retail banking business in the United States. Part of a continuing series of presentations on the financial services industry.
This document discusses loan classification, rescheduling, and provisioning policies for non-performing loans in Bangladesh. It covers the key circulars that provide guidelines on classification, rescheduling, interest waiver, and write-offs. It defines categories of loans and the criteria for classifying loans as regular, special mention account, substandard, doubtful, and bad/loss. The steps and timelines for classification of different loan types are explained. It also discusses accounting treatments, calculation of provisions, and key conditions for rescheduling loans.
This document provides an overview of Collective Investment Schemes (CIS) in South Africa. It defines a CIS as an investment vehicle that pools investor money to access investments individuals could not access alone. It describes the CIS landscape in South Africa, including total assets under management and number of registered portfolios. It outlines the major types of funds, portfolios, stakeholders, and legal framework for CIS. It also summarizes the typical corporate governance framework, key operational functions and processes, and common operational challenges for CIS.
This is a special presentation I did at an event organized by the team from the Investment Account Platform (IAPI) in Malaysia. It provides an introduction to what fintech is and the unique definition of Islamic Fintech and Islamic crowdfunding as well as an overview of some major trends in the general global fintech industry.
The document discusses the concepts and principles of Islamic banking and finance. It provides an overview of Islamic banking since its inception, noting it focuses on risk sharing and limiting unnecessary risk. The document then discusses the emergence and development of Islamic banking specifically in the United Arab Emirates since the 1960s. It notes that currently, Islamic banking accounts for over 20% of banking in the UAE and contributes approximately 8.5% to Dubai's GDP and 10% to the UAE's overall GDP. Regulatory bodies that oversee Islamic banks and ensure Sharia compliance are also summarized.
The Factors Affecting Mudharabah Deposits of Sharia Banking in Indonesiainventionjournals
Mudharabah deposit is one of main fund resource of sharia bank, teherefore the growth must be maintained. This research is aimed to find whether there are influences of profit-sharing rate of mudharabah saving, interest rate of saving in conventional bank, growth rate of Jakarta Islamic Index (JII), and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) to the amount of mudharabah saving in sharia banks. The sharia banks which are used in this research are all of sharia commercial bank in Indonesia.The method of this research is Ordinary Least Square (OLS) with quarterly panel data from 2006 to 2015 of the twelve sharia banks which are observed. The approach model which is used in this research is Fixed Effect Model. The result of this research showed that profit-sharing rate of mudharabah saving, interest rate of saving, growth rate of Jakarta Islamic Index (JII), and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) have significant influences to the amount of mudharabah saving in sharia banks. Profit-sharing rate of mudharabah saving, growth rate of Jakarta Islamic Index (JII), and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) have positive influences to the amount of mudharabah saving, Meanwhile, interest rate of saving in conventional bank has a negative influence to the amount of mudharabah saving
Microfinance involves providing small loans, savings opportunities, and other financial services to low-income individuals. The term microfinance was coined in the 1970s when organizations like the Grameen Bank in Bangladesh began making small, collateral-free loans to the poor. Microfinance aims to help alleviate poverty by allowing poor and low-income individuals to start small businesses or expand existing ones to increase their earnings. It operates through self-help groups and Grameen model groups and provides not only credit but also savings, insurance, remittances, and training support. While microfinance has helped many, issues still exist like over-indebtedness, multiple lending, and a lack of transparency in pricing. Recommendations to strengthen the
This document discusses classification of investments, provisioning, and rescheduling procedures. It covers:
- Five categories of investment classification: standard, SMA, substandard, doubtful, bad/loss.
- Reasons for investment classification including assessing quality, risk level, and specific provision calculations.
- Basis for classification as continuous, demand, term or short term agri/micro investments.
- Rules for classification based on past due dates and investment type and size.
- Requirements for rescheduling defaulted investments including cash down payment, repayment assessment, and justification in writing.
Retail banking provides banking services to individuals through local branches of large commercial banks. Services offered include savings and checking accounts, mortgages, personal loans, debit cards, and credit cards. Retail banks deal with individual customers and small businesses by handling deposits, loans, and other transactions.
Microfinance refers to providing small loans, savings opportunities, and other basic financial services to low-income individuals. The modern microfinance movement began in the 1970s by providing small loans to groups of poor women in Bangladesh, Brazil, and other countries. In India, an estimated 350 million people live below the poverty line, but only about 5% have access to microfinance due to high costs, lack of legal frameworks for microfinance institutions, and other barriers. Various models of microfinance have emerged and shown success in India, including self-help group bank linkage programs and wholesale banking models.
Meezan Bank is Pakistan's largest Islamic bank with over 600 branches. It provides various Shariah-compliant banking products and services like savings accounts, financing, and investments. The bank aims to establish Islamic banking as the preferred choice through professionalism, innovation, and social responsibility. To strengthen its position, Meezan Bank plans to expand into new areas and improve marketing to increase awareness of Islamic finance. The bank also needs to enhance its online systems and provide better employee training to overcome weaknesses.
The impact and role of information technology in Bankisrael ipinmidu
This document is a project report submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for a Bachelor's degree in Banking and Finance. It examines the impact and role of information technology in banking development in Nigeria using selected commercial banks in Anambra State as case studies.
The report consists of five chapters. Chapter one introduces the background, objectives, significance and scope of the study. Chapter two reviews relevant literature on banking, computers, and the role of technology. Chapter three discusses the research methodology used. Chapter four presents the results of the study and data analysis. The final chapter summarizes key findings, provides recommendations, and concludes the report.
The document provides an introduction and overview of Dutch-Bangla Bank Limited (DBBL) in Bangladesh. It discusses the rationale for internships in the banking sector and outlines the objectives of the report. It then provides background information on DBBL, including its mission, vision, board of directors, core objectives, and some key statistics. DBBL is described as one of the fastest growing and most innovative banks in Bangladesh, playing an important role in the country's economic development.
This document analyzes the SWOT of private sector banks in India. It discusses their evolution since the early 20th century and present scenario. Private banks have strengths like professional manpower, efficiency, and compliance with regulations. Their weaknesses include limited geographic reach and high employee turnover. Opportunities exist in decision making autonomy and technology, while threats include competition from foreign and public sector banks. Specific SWOT analyses are also provided for ICICI Bank, Kotak Bank, and Axis Bank.
Digital Financial Services for Financial InclusionJohn Owens
This presentation highlights some of the digital financial service trends, policy and regulatory issues and examples of digital financial services and the role it plays in financial inclusion in various countries in the Asia Pacific region.
This was the opening session of the panel on digital financial services and financial inclusion during the Asia Pacific Regional Forum on Universal Access and Services and Broadband Deployment 2015 in Bangkok, Thailand.
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) recognizes the importance of risk management in the banking sector. In 1999, RBI issued guidelines for banks regarding asset liability management and managing credit, market, and operational risks. The major risks banks face are liquidity risk, interest rate risk, market risk, credit or default risk, and operational risk. RBI evaluates banks' financial soundness using the CAMELS framework, which assesses capital adequacy, asset quality, management, earnings, liquidity, and sensitivity to market risk. RBI's guidelines require banks to establish comprehensive risk rating systems, develop value at risk methodologies, and integrate asset liability management and credit policy activities to better manage risks.
The board of directors is responsible for overseeing the bank's credit risk strategy and policies. They should approve a credit risk strategy that defines the bank's risk appetite. Senior management is then responsible for implementing this strategy through establishing a sound credit granting and administration process. This includes setting credit policies, limits, and criteria and monitoring loans. An effective credit risk management system involves identifying, measuring, monitoring, and controlling credit risk, and includes internal risk ratings, management reporting, and independent credit reviews.
A concise overview of the retail banking business in the United States. Part of a continuing series of presentations on the financial services industry.
This document discusses loan classification, rescheduling, and provisioning policies for non-performing loans in Bangladesh. It covers the key circulars that provide guidelines on classification, rescheduling, interest waiver, and write-offs. It defines categories of loans and the criteria for classifying loans as regular, special mention account, substandard, doubtful, and bad/loss. The steps and timelines for classification of different loan types are explained. It also discusses accounting treatments, calculation of provisions, and key conditions for rescheduling loans.
This document provides an overview of Collective Investment Schemes (CIS) in South Africa. It defines a CIS as an investment vehicle that pools investor money to access investments individuals could not access alone. It describes the CIS landscape in South Africa, including total assets under management and number of registered portfolios. It outlines the major types of funds, portfolios, stakeholders, and legal framework for CIS. It also summarizes the typical corporate governance framework, key operational functions and processes, and common operational challenges for CIS.
This is a special presentation I did at an event organized by the team from the Investment Account Platform (IAPI) in Malaysia. It provides an introduction to what fintech is and the unique definition of Islamic Fintech and Islamic crowdfunding as well as an overview of some major trends in the general global fintech industry.
Similar to EXAMINE FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE A CUSTOME R’S INTENTION TO USE INTEREST-FREE BANKING PRODUCTS AND SERVICES OF COMMERCIAL BANKS IN ETHIOPIA (THE CASE OF JIGJIGA CITY)
The document discusses the concepts and principles of Islamic banking and finance. It provides an overview of Islamic banking since its inception, noting it focuses on risk sharing and limiting unnecessary risk. The document then discusses the emergence and development of Islamic banking specifically in the United Arab Emirates since the 1960s. It notes that currently, Islamic banking accounts for over 20% of banking in the UAE and contributes approximately 8.5% to Dubai's GDP and 10% to the UAE's overall GDP. Regulatory bodies that oversee Islamic banks and ensure Sharia compliance are also summarized.
The Factors Affecting Mudharabah Deposits of Sharia Banking in Indonesiainventionjournals
Mudharabah deposit is one of main fund resource of sharia bank, teherefore the growth must be maintained. This research is aimed to find whether there are influences of profit-sharing rate of mudharabah saving, interest rate of saving in conventional bank, growth rate of Jakarta Islamic Index (JII), and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) to the amount of mudharabah saving in sharia banks. The sharia banks which are used in this research are all of sharia commercial bank in Indonesia.The method of this research is Ordinary Least Square (OLS) with quarterly panel data from 2006 to 2015 of the twelve sharia banks which are observed. The approach model which is used in this research is Fixed Effect Model. The result of this research showed that profit-sharing rate of mudharabah saving, interest rate of saving, growth rate of Jakarta Islamic Index (JII), and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) have significant influences to the amount of mudharabah saving in sharia banks. Profit-sharing rate of mudharabah saving, growth rate of Jakarta Islamic Index (JII), and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) have positive influences to the amount of mudharabah saving, Meanwhile, interest rate of saving in conventional bank has a negative influence to the amount of mudharabah saving
The Urgency of Allignment Islamic Bank to Increasing the Outreach (Indonesia ...Mercu Buana University
The outreach of Islamic Bank is critical to circulate out of maslahah (beneficiaries) to the community (Ummah) and the implementation of Sharia in
totality (Kaffah). Nevertheless, Indonesia as the biggest Muslim in the world should facilitate the Muslim society to access their financial transaction
needs based their Islamic law. The study aims to examine the outreach of Islamic Bank in Indonesia. The methodology in this literature review is
qualitative that support with quantitative data. Three questions research is going to determine in this study are: (i) How the growth of Islamic Banks
from 2008 to 2015? (ii) How many the clients that have sworn out by Islamic Banks? (iii) What is the link between maslahah and the Islamic Bank
growth? We founded the outlet and business performance during 2008-2015 of Islamic Bank in Indonesia still behind from Conventional Bank thus
to improve the backward we need interaction, integration and evolution process from all stakeholders. Due to achieve the increasing of outreach we
also need the role of government in the political will that function to legitimate and enforce the alignment of Islamic Banks (Bank Syariah Mandiri,
BNI Syariah, BTN Syariah and BRI Syariah) became one state own Islamic Bank which objective to create social well-being of the community.
The Challenges of Bad Debt Monitoring Practices in Islamic Micro BankingMercu Buana University
The study aims to assess and compare the monitoring procedures in two Bank Syariah Mandiri (BSM) branches located in Cengkareng and Duri Kosambi of West Jakarta city. The research implemented qualitative data analysis tools that consisted in to develop Focus group discussion (FDG) to obtain reliable and depth data related to monitoring practices among loan officers. Meanwhile, interviews were designed to the branch managers of each institution to determine their role in the NPF management. The study results divide into two parts: On the one hand, it highlights the standard monitoring procedures for the Non-performing financing (NPF) in Islamic micro banking and the main differences between conventional and Islamic in NPF management. On the other hand, the second result exposes three main key findings: First one, it confirms the importance of count on proper risk management for Islamic micro banking and harnessing of the sharia principles to maintain the quality of the portfolio. Second, the study reveals a correlation that exists among screening, monitoring, and enforcement, thus how a proper testing and supervision practices may affect in the following steps of the loan cycle. Finally the third one, it shows the impact of real leadership from the head manager in the performance of the institution.
The document discusses capital challenges faced by Islamic banks in Indonesia in expanding their business. It analyzes data from Bank Syariah Mandiri from 2005 to 2016. The results of a statistical analysis show that both capital and profits have a significant positive influence on the expansion of Bank Syariah Mandiri's financing. However, Islamic banks in Indonesia face challenges increasing their business expansion due to their dependence on capital from conventional bank shareholders and lack of support from the government compared to conventional banks. Government policies are needed to help Islamic banks become independent and better support their growth.
Customer awareness and satisfaction of islamic retail products in kuwaitAlexander Decker
This study examines customer awareness and satisfaction with Islamic retail banking products in Kuwait. A questionnaire was distributed to 150 Kuwaiti clients of Islamic banks to identify factors influencing customer choice of bank and level of awareness of Islamic banking principles and retail services. The study found 23 factors were important in choosing an Islamic bank, with bank reputation for Sharia compliance ranking last. Customers were aware of some products but not fully aware of others. Despite overall satisfaction, customers were still not fully satisfied with some areas like adherence to Sharia principles. The banking sector in Kuwait includes both conventional and Islamic banks and is growing more competitive. The study aims to understand customer preferences and satisfaction to help Islamic banks improve customer experience and loyalty.
Islamic banking is gaining popularity globally as an interest-free alternative to conventional banking that complies with Sharia (Islamic law). Some key financing models used in Islamic banking include Mudarabah (profit-loss sharing), Murabahah (cost-plus sale), and Ijarah (leasing). While Islamic banks operate similarly to conventional banks in mobilizing deposits and allocating funds, they prohibit interest and invest funds using Sharia-compliant contracts. The emergence of Islamic banking has provided an innovative financial system, though it faces challenges in developing new products to better compete with conventional banks.
This document is a project report submitted by Rashida Ansari to her professor Nishikant Jha on the topic of Islamic banking. It includes an introduction outlining the objectives and methodology of the project. The project provides information on the history and concepts of Islamic banking, which prohibits interest and is based on profit and loss sharing. It also discusses the sources and uses of funds for Islamic banks and provides examples of Islamic banking practices in various countries.
This document discusses a study on customer satisfaction with Islamic banks in Pakistan. It begins by providing background on the origins and growth of Islamic banking principles. The purpose of the study is then stated as focusing on factors influencing customer satisfaction with Islamic banks in Pakistan, including service quality, products, customer care, financial benefits, competition, religion, and reputation. The methodology of the study involved a survey of 120 customers in various Pakistani cities. The findings showed a positive relationship between the factors studied and customer satisfaction, though there remains less awareness of Islamic banking products. The limitations included a small sample size and less overall awareness, though Islamic banking is growing due to its prohibition of interest in the predominantly Muslim country.
This document summarizes the opportunities and challenges facing Indonesian Islamic financial institutions with the establishment of the ASEAN Economic Community in 2015. It finds that Indonesia has opportunities to become a large player in global Islamic finance due to its large Muslim population and natural resources. However, it also faces challenges from the free movement of skilled labor, as Indonesia has minimal experience in Islamic finance human resources. The document analyzes this using a SWOT framework and concludes that Indonesia has strong sharia accounting standards for its Islamic banks. It recommends strategies like competitive returns to attract customers and increasing public education on Islamic banking principles.
Challenges Sharia Microfinance Institutions: Evidence from IndonesiaMercu Buana University
The document discusses the challenges facing Baitul Mal Wa Tamwil (BMT), which are Islamic microfinance institutions in Indonesia, as they transform in accordance with new regulations. It identifies several key challenges BMTs may face: (1) meeting the evolving needs of low-income communities, (2) protecting customers as operations become more professional, and (3) finding new sources of funding. The document argues that to address these challenges, BMTs will need to innovate by better targeting underserved groups like women, developing new financing methods, undergoing organizational changes, and becoming more environmentally sustainable. Addressing these challenges is important for BMTs to fulfill their social purpose while remaining viable organizations in the future.
Assessment Of Factors Affecting The Performance Of Microfinance Institutions ...Karen Gomez
The document discusses factors affecting the performance of microfinance institutions in Hawassa City, Ethiopia. It assessed factors related to MFI clients, such as problems with loan repayment and diversion of loans to non-income generating activities. It also identified institutional factors like shortage of human resources, lack of cost-effective technologies, and shortage of loan capital. Political factors were also recognized as influencing MFI performance. Based on its analysis, the study recommended improving women's participation in microcredit and savings, using cost-effective technologies to minimize costs, and hiring adequate staff to improve MFI performance in Hawassa City.
This document analyzes the efficiency of conventional and Islamic banks in Indonesia using data envelopment analysis from 2002-2006. The study finds that Islamic banks are slightly more efficient than conventional banks, though both are improving. Income is the most efficient factor for both bank types, while labor is always inefficient. Deposits are improving in conventional banks but worsening in Islamic banks, while financing has been a problem for conventional banks but high for Islamic banks. The document recommends Islamic banks focus more on attracting floating customers and improving human resources.
Knowledge and perception of students regarding islamic banking in Sindh Pakistansanaullah noonari
Abstract
This research investigated the relationship between the university student’s perception and knowledge about
different concepts and terms used in the Islamic banking and products and services offered. Impact of age,
gender, area of study, area of residence, CGPA and family’s monthly income on the perception and knowledge
of students about Islamic banking was also analyzed. Data was collected from the postgraduate students
(Respondents # 60) selected randomly from two public sectors universities (Sindh Agriculture University Tando
jam and University of Sindh) along with one private sectors (ISRA) university of Hyderabad. Simple linear
regressions were used in order to check the impact of socioeconomic characteristics on the knowledge and
perception of students. University students were mainly surveyed to assess the knowledge and perception of
country’s intellectual cream of Islamic banking crop. Results showed that religious sincerity, not the better
knowledge of Islamic banking was the strongest predictor of personal banking performances. Result reflected
that overall perception and knowledge of students was significantly different from zero. Result suggested that
students had better perception about the Islamic banking but poor knowledge. It was found that the Arabic
language in specifying the products and services hindered the understandings of the students. Coefficient of age
and income showed a positive relation with the perception and knowledge of students regarding Islamic banking
in both public sector universities and Private Sector University. Result for area of study also displayed positive
relation with the perception and knowledge of students regarding Islamic banking. Gender, area of residence and
CGPA were not statistically significant which means these did not affected significantly on the perception and
knowledge of students about Islamic banking however in case of private Sector University CGPA count to be
factor, significantly effecting the perception of students.
Keywords: Islamic banking, perception, knowledge, products and services.
The market share of Islamic banking in Indonesia has continually decreased from 4.89% in 2013 to 4.85% in 2014 and 4.83% in 2015. As a result, the idea to establish a single state owned Islamic Bank occurs. This conceptual paper aims to contribute the maslahah framework regarding the future of Islamic banks in Indonesia.
This proposal discusses developing an effective online strategy for the Islamic banking sector in Libya. The objectives are to improve performance, ensure sustainable growth, and understand how online banking is evolving in Islamic and conventional banks in Libya from the customer's perspective. The proposal will examine the internal strengths and weaknesses as well as external opportunities and threats to frame a strategy. It will also focus on online transactions, human resource development, and strategies for internal and external relations.
Islamic Finance a Tool to Achieve Financial Inclusion in Indiasubhaan7
This document discusses the potential for Islamic finance to promote financial inclusion in India. It notes that India's large Muslim population of 180 million currently has limited access to financial services due to religious prohibitions on interest. Islamic finance models that avoid interest could help address this exclusion. The document reviews literature on Islamic microfinance initiatives elsewhere and their success in promoting inclusion. It outlines the current problem of financial exclusion faced by Indian Muslims and argues that establishing Islamic banking in India in line with Shariah principles could help address this issue by providing new options for banking and investment that are currently unavailable. The prospects and challenges of implementing Islamic banking in India are discussed.
Financial Performance Analysis of Islamic Bank in Bangladesh: A Case Study on...Premier Publishers
Banking sector is an important sector of an economy of a country, so it is necessary to monitor and evaluate the performance of it. The aim of this paper was to examine the performance of Islamic banking of Bangladesh in particular the experience for Al-Arafah Islamic Bank Limited. The paper goes further to explore some experience on the domestic and global challenges which are facing Islamic banking sector. Performance evaluation methodology used to ascertain the objectives in terms of profit maximization, capital structure and liquidity ratios. We used the financial data of bank from 2010 to 2014 and observed that the trend of all the indicators are positive. The ability, efficiency and number of products of Al-Arafah Islamic Bank Limited are increasing gradually. The investment of Al-Arafah Islamic Bank Limited is mostly on short term basis which is generally similar to other Islamic banks in Bangladesh. Islamic banks are facing some difficulties in their operations especially for non-shariah structure of their stakeholders. This study suggests that Islamic banks of Bangladesh should increase Islamic capital market, Islamic financial instruments, and proper zakat distribution and employment opportunities for the betterment of the society.
Islamic Banking: Inclusion in the Indian Banking SectorIOSR Journals
Innumerable changes have been witnessed in the Indian banking sector since last six decades. Various generations of financial sector reforms has changed the face and complexion of the Indian Banking Sector which is adopting various innovative practices with the focus on inclusive growth. Islamic banking is one such practice which is being considered in full fledged manner which otherwise has been practiced in an informal way. Islamic banking has set its foot on the path of rapid growth throughout the globe and India could not be isolated from it, looking at immense potential. The 1st Ernst & Young World Islamic Banking Competitiveness Report 2011 presented at the 18th Annual World Islamic Banking Conference stated that Islamic banking assets with commercial banks globally will reach US$1.1 trillion in 2012, a significant jump of 33% from their 2010 level of US$826 billion. The conventional banking as practiced by the Indian banking sector in its present form does stand in the way of the principles of Islamic banking which prohibits transaction on the basis of interest and operate on profit and loss based on Islamic principles. Introduction of interest free banking will require a lot of changes in the Banking Regulation Act.
ISLAMIC BANKING IN INDIA : A PATH TOWARD ACHIEVING FINANCIAL INCLUSION AND SU...Jahfar Puthan Peediyekkal
This document presents an introduction to a study on Islamic banking in India. It includes:
- An introduction noting India's large Muslim population and potential for Islamic banking to promote financial inclusion and reduce poverty.
- Objectives to identify determinants of Islamic banking in India, explore its role in financial inclusion and sustainability.
- A tentative methodology using interviews and secondary data to understand issues related to Islamic banking and financial inclusion in India.
- An implication that the proposed framework could help policymakers accommodate Islamic banking and promote inclusion of the unbanked.
Similar to EXAMINE FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE A CUSTOME R’S INTENTION TO USE INTEREST-FREE BANKING PRODUCTS AND SERVICES OF COMMERCIAL BANKS IN ETHIOPIA (THE CASE OF JIGJIGA CITY) (20)
HISTORY AS A DETERMINANT OF MALAWIMOZAMBIQUE RELATIONS: THE CASE OF THE NSANJ...John1Lorcan
Using the Nsanje international inland port saga as a case study, this paper employs the realism theory to
examine the historically difficult relationship between Malawi and Mozambique. Based on data gathered
from interviews and previously published studies, the study's final conclusion is that Malawi’s bilateral
relations with Mozambique are the product and continue to be shaped by history. Because the relationship
between the two states is historically based on the provision of services especially port facilities, the
Nsanje inland port is at loggerheads with Mozambique’s national economic interests as it seeks to put an
end to the historically rooted modus operandi of the relationship. The study recommends mandatory
feasibility studies before starting projects, placing the port project on hold, continuing with the current
foreign policy which to a great extent appeases Mozambique and finding some use for the port structures
which currently constitute a white elephant.
MEASURING INCLUSIVE GROWTH IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA FROM 1996 TO 2019: EVIDENCE ...John1Lorcan
Since inception, the concept of inclusive growth has been defined and measured differently among scholars
and policymakers. This paper measures inclusive growth in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) from 1996 to 2019.
A principal component analysis and weighted mean approaches have been applied following the Eurasian
Economic Commission, and 20 methodologies. The study findings show that the inclusive growth index is
sensitive to the measurement approach used due to different sets of indicators and dimensions. However,
the methodologies provide a basis for comparing country performance. In addition, in both methodologies,
economic performance was found to be a significant contributor to inclusive growth. Countries with higher
economic performance witnessed higher inclusive growth. From the findings, policymakers could rely on
more than one measurement approach to determine inclusive growth. This will enable them develop policy
measures which address various dimensions that each of the SSA countries need to robustly invest and
improve.
THE DIVERSE BEAUTY OF MATHILDENHÖHE: AN INSIGHT INTO AESTHETIC PHILOSOPHY AND...John1Lorcan
This article aims to look at the World Heritage Site from the perspective of curatorial studies and aesthetic
philosophy. The Darmstadt Artists' Colony made an enormous contribution to art and formed a bridge
between the British Arts & Crafts movement and the German Association of Craftsmen, which eventually
led to the Bauhaus movement. The last Grand Duke of Hesse and the Rhine was not only a patron who
founded this Artists' Colony, but also a prominent curator together with the Austrian architect and one of
the founders of the Vienna Secession, Joseph Maria Olbrich. Together they combined economic
development with artistic innovation. The establishment of the Darmstadt Artists' Colony was a sensation
in the art world. Itmarked the beginning of the 20th century, turning everyday life into an aesthetic
experience.
BLACK FUTURES: COLLECTING SOCIOCULTURAL DATA THROUGH MACHINE LEARNINGJohn1Lorcan
Although African American community archives have appeared, there is a lack of incorporation of
information-seeking, behaviour, language transmission, categorization, and community archival datasets
in data collection and machine learning (ML) environments. To address this, as the autoethnographer, I
propose to develop a future body of research targeting the African American community in Texas,
obtaining valuable insights about their engagement with ML. Eun Seo Jo's literature review emphasizes the
roles of community archives in ML environments and the strategies necessary for this space to be
considered a valuable resource in research and information. As the autoethnographer, I use this research
to explore effective strategies for machine learning environments to collaborate with African American
community archives and incorporate user input into ML data collection practices. The aim of the study is
to examine an original body of literature to aid me with my plan of action in creating a research study
about machine learning in African American community archives.
Implementation of Authorized Economic Operator Program in Comesa: Evidence Fr...John1Lorcan
The paper investigates the effect of authorized economic operator program on bilateral trade between Kenya and trading partners in the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa. The augmented gravity model was estimated using 2010-2021 data for 17 cross-sectionals. The Panel Correlated Standard Error method results show thatimplementation of the authorized economic operator by both exporter and importer stimulates Kenya’s bilateral trade volume in the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa. The author recommends full implementation of the authorized economic operator by the remaining 12 Member States to attain the maximum benefits of the program across the region.
Gender Inequiality in Higher Music Educaiton in China: Historical and Contemp...John1Lorcan
Gender inequality is higher music education is a significant issue in China, shaped by both historical and contemporary factors that influence the opportunities available to women in this field. This paper offers a comprehensive analysis of the challenges encountered by women in higher music education in China, examining the impact of traditional Chinese philosophy, Western missionaries, and the Chinese Government on gender relations and opportunities in music education. Drawing upon existing literature and data, this paper addresses three main research areas pertaining to women’s education in China’s higher education: the historical evolution of women’s education in China, from traditional to modern times, in order to examine the progression of educational opportunities for women; the current landscape of opportunities for women’s education and involvement in music practices within China’s higher music education; and the existing employment framing issues that women face in higher music education in China, in comparison to their male counterparts. While acknowledging the increasing educational opportunities available to women in contemporary China, this paper recognizes that societal expectations and gender stereotypes can still impede women’s access to teaching careers and other music-related professions. These challenges have substantial implications for women’s education, music practices, and employability, underscoring the importance for policymakers and educators to actively promote gender equality within higher education.
PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF ABUSE IN INTIMATE RELATIONSHIPS AMONG YOUNG WOMEN IN...John1Lorcan
This study aims to investigate the psychological effects of abuse from intimate relationships on young
women. In order to overcome the complexity, challenges, and proposal for the best remedies face by the
sexually abuse victims in the Tangkhul community, both qualitative and quantitative approaches are
adopted. The study covers various aspects of research methodology, including study design, sampling
techniques, data collection tools, and analysis methods. Additionally, the study proposes a collaborative
effort between the state and other entities to enhance care and counseling services for survivors of intimate
partner abuse. The main intension and takeaway from the study is to comprehend the cultural changes
taking place along with the critically examination of the victims and how the community can take up
appropriate initiatives through care and counseling, which is the need of an hour.
AN ANALYSIS OF GENDER AND SWEAR WORDS: A CASE STUDY OF IRANIAN COMMUNITY ON I...John1Lorcan
The relationship between language and gender has been the subject of discussion and investigation for
many years, with the goal of understanding the societal norms and expectations of gender. This article
aims to explore the relationship between gender and the swear words in the comment section of Iranian
celebrities Instagram accounts. This study found that each gender tends to post swear words in comments
of the same gender celebrity. This research also discovered that female users tend to auto-censor strong
swear words and are more likely to body-shame the content creator, while men are more open to posting
strong swear words.
DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF SOCIAL WELFARE: EXPLORING INNOVATIONS AND POLICY IM...John1Lorcan
The digital transformation of social welfare systems is an area that is fast developing and has a lot of
potential to improve service delivery and improve outcomes for both people and communities. The goal of
this research paper is to examine the policy changes and innovations brought about by the digital
revolution of social welfare. It investigates the adoption of emerging technologies, such as artificial
intelligence, big data analytics, and blockchain, in various domains of social welfare, including healthcare,
education, employment, and social assistance programs. The paper examines the potential benefits of
digital transformation, including increased efficiency, improved access to services, and personalized
support. It also delves into the challenges and concerns associated with this transformation, such as data
privacy, equity, and the digital divide. By analysing successful case studies and lessons learned from
different countries, the paper highlights key policy considerations for ensuring the effective and equitable
implementation of digital innovations in social welfare. Policy implications discussed include the need for
robust regulatory frameworks to protect data privacy, the importance of ethical guidelines to guide the use
of emerging technologies, and the necessity of capacity building initiatives to equip stakeholders with the
necessary skills and knowledge. The paper emphasizes the importance of creating inclusive, people-centric
social welfare systems that leverage the potential of digital technologies to meet the evolving needs of
individuals and communities.
Overall, this research paper provides valuable insights into the digital transformation of social welfare,
offering policymakers and stakeholders a comprehensive understanding of the opportunities, challenges,
and policy considerations involved. By embracing digital innovations thoughtfully and responsibly, social
welfare systems can become more efficient, responsive, and equitable, ultimately improving the lives of
those in need.
THE ENGLISH LEARNING MOTIVATION OF CHINESE STUDENTS: CROSS-GRADE SURVEY ANALYSISJohn1Lorcan
Existing literature indicates that motivation is the most powerful determining factor that influences the rate
and success of second language learning [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. Currently, there is a growing body of
empirical research indicating the changes in second language learning motivation in different grades at
the same or different schools [8][9][10][11][12]. The findings of previous studies have mostly shown that
student second language learning motivation increases with increasing school levels. Do¨rnyei (2000)
suggested that concentrating on the time dimension of second language motivation is crucial for
comprehending the second language motivation of students. However, the temporal variations of second
language motivation, particularly motivational changes at different Chinese school levels, have not been
sufficiently emphasized by second language motivation researchers, therefore, this quantitative research
investigated the changes in Chinese students’ English learning motivation from primary to high school. An
English learning motivation questionnaire was used and administered to 3000 students from Grades 1 - 12
in public primary, junior high, and high schools across Mainland China, and employed the reliability
analysis and analysis of variance to analyze quantitative data. The statistical results revealed that high
school students ranked highest in English learning motivation, followed by junior high and primary school
students. Furthermore, the college entrance examination had a positive impact on high school students'
motivation to learn English.
SHEIKH MUJIBUR RAHMAN: CHARISMATIC LEADER OF BANGLADESHJohn1Lorcan
Sheikh Mujibur Rahman is one of the most charismatic leaders of the Third World in the twentieth century.
We know that Charismatic leaders are the gifts and mercy from God. They are torch bearers of knowledge
and revolution. Every nation in one way or the other has been and is endowed with leaders and same is the
case of Bangladesh nation which was fortunate enough to have a leader like Sheikh Mujibur Rahman who
guided them in the times of freedom struggle, and trusted them into the region which dawned tranquility of
mind and unshackled boundaries. It is in fact an old saying that good leaders build good nations which is
equally true with the Bangladesh nation for which sheikh Mujibur Rahman sacrificed every breath and
blood of his life and mapped a new nation in the world. The paper discusses the main achievements of the
leader and particularly the independence of Bangladesh of which Mujib was the pivotal figure. The result
revealed that Sheikh Mujib was stimulated people by his charismatic leadership capability and huge
political knowledge. From his early life he was demonstrated two key leadership qualities which make him
unquestionable leader of the Bangladesh. One key quality was proactive social consciousness and
paramount dedication for politics. Sheikh Mujib has so many leadership skills that recognized him as a
leader of general people. His aspiration and sacrifice for nation made him an icon of the country.
Therefore, it can be concluded that his leadership trait made himself as a father of the nation. The people
of Bangladesh had dreamt of an independent nation and that dream was finally implemented in really on
16Th December 1971 under the leadership of a true Patriot Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. Bangladesh and its
people were blessed with God‟s will of sending the Greatest Bengali Soul of all time on the soil of
Tungipara. That greatest soul was nobody else but it is our “Father of the Nation” – Bangabandhu -
Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. He was the greatest politician, philosopher and tourism lover the world has ever
produced. He was the kindest person the world has ever noticed, he loved everyone more than he loved his
own family and children. This study was carried out by descriptive analysis through the literature review of
existing paper
WOMEN AND AGRICULTURE IN RURAL KENYA: ROLE IN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIONJohn1Lorcan
Women play a very significant role in agricultural production in Kenya. However, they are accorded little
attention. The lack of inadequate information on the level of women participation in agricultural
production has helped to underestimate their importance in agricultural production and hence led to their
neglect in sector development. This paper sought to examine the role of women in Agricultural production
in Kenya to give them an impetus upon which they can voice their concern in agricultural related issues. To
improve women visibility in agricultural production, the author suggests that women contribution to
agricultural production should be understood based on their contribution to food security in household and
community rather than their contribution to commercialised agriculture which is dominated by men. With
this, the author hopes to persuade policymakers to re-examine their perception of rural women involved in
agricultural production for prompt policy action.
THE ENGLISH LEARNING MOTIVATION OF CHINESE STUDENTS: CROSS-GRADE SURVEY ANALYSISJohn1Lorcan
Existing literature indicates that motivation is the most powerful determining factor that influences the rate
and success of second language learning [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. Currently, there is a growing body of
empirical research indicating the changes in second language learning motivation in different grades at
the same or different schools [8][9][10][11][12]. The findings of previous studies have mostly shown that
student second language learning motivation increases with increasing school levels. Do¨rnyei (2000)
suggested that concentrating on the time dimension of second language motivation is crucial for
comprehending the second language motivation of students. However, the temporal variations of second
language motivation, particularly motivational changes at different Chinese school levels, have not been
sufficiently emphasized by second language motivation researchers, therefore, this quantitative research
investigated the changes in Chinese students’ English learning motivation from primary to high school. An
English learning motivation questionnaire was used and administered to 3000 students from Grades 1 - 12
in public primary, junior high, and high schools across Mainland China, and employed the reliability
analysis and analysis of variance to analyze quantitative data. The statistical results revealed that high
school students ranked highest in English learning motivation, followed by junior high and primary school
students. Furthermore, the college entrance examination had a positive impact on high school students'
motivation to learn English.
LAND OWNERSHIP RIGHTS AND ACCESS TO FARMLANDS BY FARMERS AND HERDERS IN THE K...John1Lorcan
Land is seen in societies as a vital natural asset, and the worth of this resource to human through time and
space cannot be underestimated. The purpose of this research was to examine land ownership rights and
access to farmlands by farmers and herders in the Kwahu East District (KED) in the Eastern Region of
Ghana. Qualitatively, the study adopted a descriptive case study research design. This research was based
on two objectives: to examine land ownership rights in the Kwahu East District, and determine how
farmers and herders get access to farmlands. The study population involved residents of three communities
in the Kwahu East District, namely, Yaw Tenkorang, Kwaku Sarfo and Bebua. The purposive sampling
technique was used to select 4 traditional leaders, 10 farmers, 10 herdsmen and cattle owners, 3 Assembly
members, the District Chief Executive, the District Commander of Police, and the District Land Officer.
The study concluded that, land ownership rights in KED were based on the allodia and usufruct systems,
which vest land ownership rights in the hands of traditional authorities and family heads. Again, the study
showed that, indigenous farmers lay claim to greater rights over the lands compared to herders who are
considered as aliens, without any land ownerswhip rights. The study revealed measures initiated to find
lasting solution to this conflict. It is recommended that; the Municipal Assembly must concentrate more
effort in establishiing adequate fodder banks for cattle. Again, the practice of ranching must be
encouraged amongst cattle owners and herders to prevent unwanted competition over land use.
International Journal of Humanities, Art and Social Studies (IJHAS) John1Lorcan
International Journal of Humanities, Art and Social Studies is an open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of humanities, art and social science. The journal focuses aims to promote interdisciplinary studies in humanities and social science and become the leading journal in humanities and social science in the world. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on areas of literary and social studies for a cross cultural exploration and subsequent innovation of subjects concerned and establishing new collaborations in these areas. Authors are solicited to contribute to this journal by submitting articles for the development of humanities and social science fields.
DEMOCRACY OR LIBERAL AUTOCRACY; THE CASE OF AFRICAJohn1Lorcan
The state of democracy in Africa continues to be one of the most controversial and difficult questions facing
the continent today. While African regimes are more liberal than their authoritarian predecessors, they
have a profound flaw. The African governments have increasingly adopted important aspects of
constitutional liberalism necessary for democracy to flourish and includes rule of law, private property
rights, separation of powers and free speech and assembly. However, the results of such democratic
initiatives have not bored the intended fruits as the continent continue to witness outright reversals of
democracy. For instance, elections are becoming a means of power preservation and a large number of
countries have very low levels of democratic quality. This paper, therefore, seeks to examine this dire state
of democracy in Africa to inform discussions on why African governments should be regarded as a Liberal
Autocracies and not democratic.
CIVIC EDUCATION AND IT’S IMPERATIVE TOWARDS NATION BUILDING: THE NIGERIAN EXA...John1Lorcan
Most countries of the world today originated as a result of the activities of colonialists and imperialists
who merged previously independent nations together for the sole reason of domination and exploitation.
Following the end of colonial era and the resulting freedom of previously colonized people, many countries
have been struggling to live together as the nation which their erstwhile colonial masters made them. This
has often resulted to conflicts and crises, the worst of it being the Rwandan genocide of 1994. Due to these
incidences, social researchers have intensified efforts in designing programs that will facilitate the very act
of nation-building/or prevent a devastating effect that may result from a failure thereof. This paper,
therefore, attempts to suggest Civic Education as one of the models that can help facilitate nation-building
project especially in countries affected by the effects of colonization. The work employed the normative
method of philosophy, while also not leaving behind the evaluative and analytical side of the method.
SLEUTHING WOMEN:GENDER IN THE ART OF JAPANESE DETECTIVE FICTION AND FILMJohn1Lorcan
Although it remains one of the most popular genres worldwide, detective fiction is usually regarded as a
purely commercial form. Because of this, detective novels, short stories, and films are rarely subjected to
the same critical scrutiny and attention as other, more respected modes of writing and representation.
Nevertheless, because of its attention to the character of everyday life, detective fiction is a perfect case
study for determining national attitudes towards gender. Generally speaking, women perform three
different functions in Japanese detective fiction. They are either hapless victims, minor plot devices, or (on
rare occasions) agents of detection themselves. This paper surveys several works of detective fiction,
ranging from the early- to mid-twentieth century, to demonstrate the evolving function that women have
played, both in the genre and in the society that the genre reflects
International Journal of Humanities, Art and Social Studies (IJHAS)John1Lorcan
International Journal of Humanities, Art and Social Studies is an open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of humanities, art and social science. The journal focuses aims to promote interdisciplinary studies in humanities and social science and become the leading journal in humanities and social science in the world. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on areas of literary and social studies for a cross cultural exploration and subsequent innovation of subjects concerned and establishing new collaborations in these areas. Authors are solicited to contribute to this journal by submitting articles for the development of humanities and social science fields.
CREATIVE EDUCATION, MUSIC PRACTICES, AND GENDER DIFFERENCES AMONG YOUNG CHINE...John1Lorcan
Over the last two decades, China has placed more emphasis on learning and practice in the process of
fostering creativity in school education. Music inflames the mind and is the key to creativity. Music
practices have drawn the attention of many scholars fascinated with their creative properties in both
musical and non-musical domains. With particular reference to Shijiazhuang (the capital and largest city
in northern China’s Hebei Province), this study aimed to examine the under-researched connection
between gender, education, and creative music practices (broadly described as music as a culture of
imagination and real-time practice in the learning of diverse music styles and in the participation of music
activities in formal and informal learning contexts) as perceived by young Chinese students. The study
employed a self-reported survey questionnaire distributed to a sample of students aged eight to 17
attending Grade 4 through Grade 9 in 10 schools located in the city of Shijiazhuang (N = 2,015) conducted
between 2019 and 2020. Generally speaking, girls were more positive regarding the value of creativity in
school music education, as well as the music practices of diverse music cultures and music activities. This
paper will conclude with a debate on the ways that “gender” is comprehended, carried out, and discerned
in response to the students’ influential sources and their preferred school subjects in learning creativity,
their preferred music styles, and their preferred participation in music activities in both school music
lessons and extracurricular activities in learning creativity in the Chinese context.
Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing.pdfssuserfac0301
Read Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing to gain insights on AI adoption in the manufacturing industry, such as:
1. How quickly AI is being implemented in manufacturing.
2. Which barriers stand in the way of AI adoption.
3. How data quality and governance form the backbone of AI.
4. Organizational processes and structures that may inhibit effective AI adoption.
6. Ideas and approaches to help build your organization's AI strategy.
How to Interpret Trends in the Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart.pdfChart Kalyan
A Mix Chart displays historical data of numbers in a graphical or tabular form. The Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart specifically shows the results of a sequence of numbers over different periods.
High performance Serverless Java on AWS- GoTo Amsterdam 2024Vadym Kazulkin
Java is for many years one of the most popular programming languages, but it used to have hard times in the Serverless community. Java is known for its high cold start times and high memory footprint, comparing to other programming languages like Node.js and Python. In this talk I'll look at the general best practices and techniques we can use to decrease memory consumption, cold start times for Java Serverless development on AWS including GraalVM (Native Image) and AWS own offering SnapStart based on Firecracker microVM snapshot and restore and CRaC (Coordinated Restore at Checkpoint) runtime hooks. I'll also provide a lot of benchmarking on Lambda functions trying out various deployment package sizes, Lambda memory settings, Java compilation options and HTTP (a)synchronous clients and measure their impact on cold and warm start times.
Connector Corner: Seamlessly power UiPath Apps, GenAI with prebuilt connectorsDianaGray10
Join us to learn how UiPath Apps can directly and easily interact with prebuilt connectors via Integration Service--including Salesforce, ServiceNow, Open GenAI, and more.
The best part is you can achieve this without building a custom workflow! Say goodbye to the hassle of using separate automations to call APIs. By seamlessly integrating within App Studio, you can now easily streamline your workflow, while gaining direct access to our Connector Catalog of popular applications.
We’ll discuss and demo the benefits of UiPath Apps and connectors including:
Creating a compelling user experience for any software, without the limitations of APIs.
Accelerating the app creation process, saving time and effort
Enjoying high-performance CRUD (create, read, update, delete) operations, for
seamless data management.
Speakers:
Russell Alfeche, Technology Leader, RPA at qBotic and UiPath MVP
Charlie Greenberg, host
LF Energy Webinar: Carbon Data Specifications: Mechanisms to Improve Data Acc...DanBrown980551
This LF Energy webinar took place June 20, 2024. It featured:
-Alex Thornton, LF Energy
-Hallie Cramer, Google
-Daniel Roesler, UtilityAPI
-Henry Richardson, WattTime
In response to the urgency and scale required to effectively address climate change, open source solutions offer significant potential for driving innovation and progress. Currently, there is a growing demand for standardization and interoperability in energy data and modeling. Open source standards and specifications within the energy sector can also alleviate challenges associated with data fragmentation, transparency, and accessibility. At the same time, it is crucial to consider privacy and security concerns throughout the development of open source platforms.
This webinar will delve into the motivations behind establishing LF Energy’s Carbon Data Specification Consortium. It will provide an overview of the draft specifications and the ongoing progress made by the respective working groups.
Three primary specifications will be discussed:
-Discovery and client registration, emphasizing transparent processes and secure and private access
-Customer data, centering around customer tariffs, bills, energy usage, and full consumption disclosure
-Power systems data, focusing on grid data, inclusive of transmission and distribution networks, generation, intergrid power flows, and market settlement data
inQuba Webinar Mastering Customer Journey Management with Dr Graham HillLizaNolte
HERE IS YOUR WEBINAR CONTENT! 'Mastering Customer Journey Management with Dr. Graham Hill'. We hope you find the webinar recording both insightful and enjoyable.
In this webinar, we explored essential aspects of Customer Journey Management and personalization. Here’s a summary of the key insights and topics discussed:
Key Takeaways:
Understanding the Customer Journey: Dr. Hill emphasized the importance of mapping and understanding the complete customer journey to identify touchpoints and opportunities for improvement.
Personalization Strategies: We discussed how to leverage data and insights to create personalized experiences that resonate with customers.
Technology Integration: Insights were shared on how inQuba’s advanced technology can streamline customer interactions and drive operational efficiency.
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/temporal-event-neural-networks-a-more-efficient-alternative-to-the-transformer-a-presentation-from-brainchip/
Chris Jones, Director of Product Management at BrainChip , presents the “Temporal Event Neural Networks: A More Efficient Alternative to the Transformer” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
The expansion of AI services necessitates enhanced computational capabilities on edge devices. Temporal Event Neural Networks (TENNs), developed by BrainChip, represent a novel and highly efficient state-space network. TENNs demonstrate exceptional proficiency in handling multi-dimensional streaming data, facilitating advancements in object detection, action recognition, speech enhancement and language model/sequence generation. Through the utilization of polynomial-based continuous convolutions, TENNs streamline models, expedite training processes and significantly diminish memory requirements, achieving notable reductions of up to 50x in parameters and 5,000x in energy consumption compared to prevailing methodologies like transformers.
Integration with BrainChip’s Akida neuromorphic hardware IP further enhances TENNs’ capabilities, enabling the realization of highly capable, portable and passively cooled edge devices. This presentation delves into the technical innovations underlying TENNs, presents real-world benchmarks, and elucidates how this cutting-edge approach is positioned to revolutionize edge AI across diverse applications.
Northern Engraving | Nameplate Manufacturing Process - 2024Northern Engraving
Manufacturing custom quality metal nameplates and badges involves several standard operations. Processes include sheet prep, lithography, screening, coating, punch press and inspection. All decoration is completed in the flat sheet with adhesive and tooling operations following. The possibilities for creating unique durable nameplates are endless. How will you create your brand identity? We can help!
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Speaker: Deepak Mahto, Founder of DataCloudGaze Consulting
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👉 Check out our full 'Africa Series - Automation Student Developers (EN)' page to register for the full program:
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EXAMINE FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE A CUSTOME R’S INTENTION TO USE INTEREST-FREE BANKING PRODUCTS AND SERVICES OF COMMERCIAL BANKS IN ETHIOPIA (THE CASE OF JIGJIGA CITY)
1. International Journal of Humanities, Art and Social Studies (IJHAS), Vol. 7, No.3, August 2022
31
EXAMINE FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE A CUSTOME
R’S INTENTION TO USE INTEREST-FREE BANKING
PRODUCTS AND SERVICES OF COMMERCIAL BANKS
IN ETHIOPIA (THE CASE OF JIGJIGA CITY)
Abdi Hassen Habib
Department of accounting and finance,
College of Business and Economics Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia
ABSTRACT
The world's banking business has recently undergone a fundamental change that affects both developing
and wealthy nations: the introduction of interest-free banking systems. Analysis of the factors influencing
customers' intention to use interest-free banking products and services from commercial banks in Ethiopia
is the study's main goal (The case of Jigjiga city). To select 398 sample respondents from Ethiopian
commercial banks, multistage stage sampling approaches were used. Both primary and secondary sources
were used to gather the study's data.
Structured questionnaires and interviews were used to gather primary data.Data were used fordescriptive
analysis (frequency, percentile, mean, and standard deviation), as well as econometrics (correlation and m
ultiple regressions the outcomes of numerous regressions revealed that Subjective Norm, Perceived
Behavioral, awareness and attitudes. The results of multiple regressions revealed that subjective norms
and perceived behavioral control, land attitudes, had a substantial favorable impact on consumers'
intention to use interest-free banking products and services, while awareness, had a negative impact on
consumers' intention to use interest-free banking products and services in Ethiopian commercial banks.
KEYWORDS
Jigjiga city, Interest free banking, decomposed theory of planned behavior, commercial banks in Ethiopia.
1. INTRODUCTION
The most recent and major development in the banking sector, both in developing and developed
nations worldwide, is the introduction of Islamic banking systems and interest-free banks. The
practice of modern Islamic finance originated in the 1970s as a replacement for the western-
introduced conventional banking system, despite the fact that Islam has been a religion since the
fifth century (Mumtaz Hussain, , 2015). An entity known as an Islamic Bank is one that gathers
financial resources and invests them in an effort to realize predetermined, approved Islamic social
and financial goals. An interest-free banking window is a business strategy used by conventional
banks to provide Islamic banking services and products through their current branch network. In
this case, some Islamic banking services or products are provided by a traditional banking system
(Sanusi, 2011).
Interest-free banking can be considered as an alternative ethical source of finance that can be
used by all, irrespective of their religious beliefs. Islamic banks can increase their share of
financing infrastructure projects by transforming investment accounts that reflect risk-sharing
2. International Journal of Humanities, Art and Social Studies (IJHAS), Vol. 7, No.3, August 2022
32
features (Ahmed H. , 2017). Interest-Free Banking is a basic institution and concept of Islamic
banking. It is concerned with the fundamental professional and ethical standards that prohibit
paying or receiving any kind of interest ( (Khan, 2013). Islamic banking is to provide an interest-
free banking system that includes common values and norms and is religious (Usai, 2017).
Interest-free banking has expanded quickly over the past ten years and has now achieved
systemic importance in a dozen different countries across numerous areas. Islamic finance is
expected to keep growing as a result of economic expansion in nations with substantial and
mostly untapped Muslim populations. It is also spurred by the cost savings that several oil-
exporting nations have amassed and are looking to invest in financial products that comply with
Shariah (Alfred, 2015).
Islamic banking is widely practiced and is thought to be one of the markets with the quickest
growth rates, yet it is not without obstacles, challenges, and problems. Islamic banking faces
significant challenges in carrying out Islamic law; there is a lack of an adequate interbank money
market and a weak regulatory environment for interest-free banking (Zamil, 2014), In In Ethiopia
The National Bank of Ethiopia (NBE) was predicted to issue a directive that paves the way for
the establishment of what was thought to be the first Islamic bank in Ethiopia in response to a
strong popular demand.
Ethiopian residents were permitted to form a bank that only participated in interest-free banking
under a circulated draft of the NBE directive, but that optimism was short-lived because the
finalized regulation did not permit the foundation of a full-fledged Islamic financial institution.
Only "existing commercial banks" now have access to the opportunity to establish an interest-free
banking window thanks to the final directive. Due to the regulatory directive's requirement that
interest-free banking be provided alongside conventional banking services, ZemZem bank, which
was anticipated to enter the banking business as a full-fledged interest-free bank, was unable to
begin operations. (Sefian, 2015) .
Currently, both conventional banks and fully fledged Islamic banks have started their branches in
the country. In previous years, the National Bank of Ethiopia (NBE) issued a directive (Directive
No SBB/51/2011) in October 2011 that allows commercial banks to offer IFB service alongside
their conventional operations (NBE business proclamation no 592/2008; Article 22(2)). Starting
from 2019 G.C, a new directive on interest-free banks No. 72 is coming into operation. The new
directive allows interest-free banking services with full-fledged Islamic banks and at branch
level. Based on these directives, conventional banks like Commercial Bank of Ethiopia, Dashen
Bank, Awash bank, and Oromia international banks, Bunna International Bank, Islamic finance
has reached systemic importance, mostly in countries with fixed exchange rate regimes and not
fully developed financial markets (Team, 2014).
Greater awareness about the products and services offered by Islamic banks will cause others
who have stayed away from this mode of banking to invest in it and enhance its continued growth
(Abdullahi M. , 2016). Conversely, many new product providers are acutely aware of the need to
provide consumers with as much information as possible about their product to make customers
aware because new products require effective communication in a period of "innovation
overload" (Masry, 2016) in which bank new products are continuously introduced. This
misunderstanding and misinformation can discourage customers from using interest-free banking
services. As a result, the IFB project will face difficulties due to a lack of knowledge about the
goals, tenets, and benefits of Islamic banking (Sefian, 2015). Challenges to interest-free banking
include the absence of sharia advisory boards, a lack of client awareness of interest-free banking,
a lack of customer confidence, and the service's unavailability in all branches (Sisay, 2017).
3. International Journal of Humanities, Art and Social Studies (IJHAS), Vol. 7, No.3, August 2022
33
1.1. Statement of the Problem
The National Bank of Ethiopia now faces the issue of creating a thorough and open legislative
framework to increase trust in this industry. Interest-free financing is here to stay, and the more
we can do to improve what is already in place, develop what is already in place, and inspire
confidence in the sector, the more we can offer financial services to individuals who were
previously excluded. In the past, this was brought on by the nation's lack of growth and, as a
result, the scarcity of financial institutions. Banks and other financial organizations that offered
suitable lending products were simply nonexistent. (Gurdaina., 20115) Interest-Free Banking in
Ethiopia: Prospects and Challenges, a recent research This finding indicates that among the
anticipated legal framework challenges that obviously affect the practice of full-fledged interest-
free banking in Ethiopia are the exclusivity of banking business activity, limitations on banks'
investments, the tax system, the lack of a controlling mechanism, and not making reference to
one of the Islamic financial standards to follow. Additionally, there is a negative perception of
Islamic finance in Ethiopia that is primarily caused by these findings. (Bushera, 2020) .
Other study on challenges on interest free banking services in Commercial Bank of Ethiopia by
(Mohammed, 2016) demonstrate how the nature of IFB products, non-provision of IFB
products/services in all branches, the IFB being supplied in a Window model, lack of trust and
confidence, and inadequate marketing and promotion have all hindered the use of present IFB
products. Has examined the prospects, opportunities, and challenges of Islamic banking in
Ethiopia, focusing on Jigjiga City. In his work, he discusses some of the potential obstacles,
including: a lack of knowledge and comprehension of the nature and operation of Islamic
banking; regulatory, supervisory, and institutional challenges; a lack of support and link
institutions; and regulatory, supervisory, and institutional challenges. Lack of qualified human
resources, erroneous association with a particular faith (people's disapproval of Islamic banking),
a gap in research and development in Islamic studies, as well as international terrorism, but This
research was done prior to the IFB's actual implementation in Ethiopia. (Olad, 2012).
In Ethiopia, most of the preview studies focused on the challenges and opportunities of interest-
free banking, i.e. (Olad, 2012) Has studied the prospects, opportunities and challenges of Islamic
banking in Ethiopia. Recently, a study (Abdulhade, 2020) Challenges and Opportunities of
Islamic Bank Expansion in Ethiopia: The Case of Commercial Bank of Ethiopian (Hailu, 2015)
Islamic banking's difficulties and potential for capital mobilization in Ethiopian commercial
banks (Demissie, 2019).Performed analysis of the variables influencing Ethiopia's introduction of
interest-free banking. In order to better understand the factors that affect customers' inclinations
to use interest-free banking products and services from commercial banks in Ethiopia, this study
is conducting research (the case of Jigjiga city). To close the current gap.
1.2. Objectives of the Study
The main objective of this study is Examine Factors That Influence a Customer’s Intention to Use
Interest-Free Banking Products and Services of Commercial Banks in Ethiopia (The Case of
Jigjiga City).More specifically the study seeks to achieve the following objectives.
1. To investigate factors those influence the attitude of the customers toward the intention to
use interest-free banking products and services.
2. To examine the perceived behavioral control of use influences customer intention to use
interest-free banking products and services.
3. To investigate the Subjective norm that influences the customers’ intention to use
interest-free banking products and services.
4. International Journal of Humanities, Art and Social Studies (IJHAS), Vol. 7, No.3, August 2022
34
4. To determine the level of customers’ awareness that influences the intention to use
interest-free banking products and services.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
One of the financial industries' fastest-growing divisions is interest-free banking, which gives the
financial sector new ways to reach out to consumer and corporate markets that haven't been well
served in the past. The non-bank financial institutions sector is quite small when compared to its
conventional counterparts, and Islamic banks dominate the Islamic financial industry, due to the
fact that non-bank financial organizations provide the majority of the funding for infrastructure
financing (Ahmed H. , 2017).
A banking system founded on the concepts of profit and loss sharing by all stakeholders is known
as interest free banking. Islamic banking will be founded on Shirakah's widely acknowledged
principles (partnership). In other words, the partnership in which holders, depositors, investors,
and borrowers all participate will serve as the foundation for the entire banking system. By
putting the Mudarabah external principle—where labor and capital collaborate as a partner for
work—into action, this will be accomplished. Islamic banks employ a variety of techniques and
methods of investment in their day-to-day operations, such as Mudarabah contracts, where a
financier provides capital and the Mudarib (labor partner) contributes his technical expertise and
skill, and the profit is divided between the partners in accordance with an agreed-upon
percentage. (Mustapha, 2014).
2.1. Decomposed Theory of Planned Behavior
Decomposed Theory of Planned Behavior (DTPB), attitudinal beliefs must be broken down in
order to better understand the connections between belief structures and antecedents of intention.
(Todd, 1995) .The deconstructed theory of planned behavior, which is an extension of the theory
of planned behavior, was consequently created since it was believed that treating the three ideas
as a single entity would obfuscate the genuine significance of each one.
As was already mentioned, the current study's model was adapted from the TRA model created
by to (Ajzen etl., 1975). The model has been altered to better clearly illustrate the motivation for
using IFB products. The model has already undergone modifications to better account for
behavioral discoveries in the management, psychology, and marketing sectors (Ali M. R., 2015)
In comparison to the pure Theory of Planned Behavior and Theory of Reasoned Action models;
the Theory of Planned Behavior Decomposed Model provides better explanatory power. The
expansion of the theory of planned behavior that resulted from this is known as the deconstructed
theory of planned behavior.
According to (Fishbein, 1991)empirical data, attitudes toward various behaviors, subjective
norms, and perceptions of behavioral control can all be used to predict intentions to perform
those behaviors with high accuracy. These intentions and perceptions of behavioral control also
explain a large portion of the variation in actual behavior. Subjective norms
The normative forces are referred to as the subjective norms. Actually, the morally motivated
religious or societal standards that encourage people to adopt Islamic banking are the subjective
norms. Numerous factors, including family, friends, peers, and business gatherings, have
contributed to the strain. (Amin, 2011).
5. International Journal of Humanities, Art and Social Studies (IJHAS), Vol. 7, No.3, August 2022
35
2.2. Customers Attitude
According to (Fishbein, 1991) an individual's attitude is the evaluative result of their pleasant or
negative feelings when engaging in a particular behavior. People of the Islamic faith have a
propensity to believe that interest-free banking is still available. However, Islamic organizations
and tools have emerged in nations like South Africa, the United Kingdom, and the United States
where Muslims make up a minority. (Al-Smadi, 2012).
2.3. Awareness
If sufficient information is not collected to become sufficiently informed so that persuasion can
take place, a novel thought does not transcend the knowledge function (Roger, 2003). Contrarily,
many new product providers are acutely aware of the need to provide consumers with as much
information as possible about their product to make customers aware because new products
require effective communication in an era of "innovation overload" (Masry, 2016). in which bank
new products are continuously introduced in which bank new products are continuously being
introduced, many new products providers are extremely conscious of the need to provide
consumers with as much information as possible about their product to make customers
aware because new products require effective communication (Masry, 2016)
2.4. Perceived Behavioral Control
Perceived behavioral control refers to how people perceive their capacity to carry out a particular
behavior or potential barriers to that performance (Fishbein, 1991). It gauges a person's level of
behavioral control and his level of self-assurance over his ability to perform or not to perform.
2.5. Conceptual Frame Work Source: developed by researchers
2.6. Research Hypotheses
Hypotheses related to customer’s intention to use interest-free financial products and services:
H1: Attitude has positive influence on the customer’s intention to use interest-free banking
products and services in commercial banks of Ethiopia
H2: Perceived behavioral control has a positive influence on the intention to use interest-free
banking products and services in commercial banks of Ethiopia
H3: Subjective norm has a positive influence on the intention to use interest-free banking
products and services in commercial banks of Ethiopia
H4: awareness has a positive influence on the intention to use interest-free banking products and
services in commercial banks of Ethiopia
6. International Journal of Humanities, Art and Social Studies (IJHAS), Vol. 7, No.3, August 2022
36
3. METHODOLOGY
3.1. Description of the Study Area
Residents of Jigjiga City, which is mainly inhabited by Interest Free Banking Customers, made
up the study community. Jigjiga, located in eastern Ethiopia and the region capital of Somalia, is
619.8 kms away from Addis Ababa.
Figure Map of the study area
3.2. Research Design
For this study, the researchers used both descriptive and explanatory research designs. The
techniques used to gather and analyze the necessary data are known as research design. The goals
a researcher wants to accomplish or the research questions they want to address will determine
the study strategy they use (Croswell, 2007). According to (Kothar, 2004), descriptive research
entails many types of fact-finding inquiries and surveys. The primary goal of descriptive research
is to describe the current situation as it stands. In order to describe how the respondents felt about
the factors that influence customers' intentions to use interest-free banking products and services
from commercial banks in Ethiopia, this study employed a descriptive research method (the case
of Jigjiga city).
3.3. Research Approach
According to (Creswell, 2009) mixed approach research is a method of inquiry that integrates or
associates both qualitative and quantitative forms, according to the definition. In order to collect
data for this study, the researcher used a mixed method that included both interview and
questioning approaches. As a result, the researcher employed a hybrid strategy. While
7. International Journal of Humanities, Art and Social Studies (IJHAS), Vol. 7, No.3, August 2022
37
quantitative research creates statistics through the use of large-scale survey research, using
methods like questioners, qualitative research uses techniques like interviews and focus groups.
3.4. Populations of the study
The study population consists of clients of Jigjiga's four commercial banks three private and one
public—all of which are situated in the city. These are the chosen commercial banks (Oromia
International Bank, Commercial Bank of Ethiopia, United Bank, and Cooperative Bank of
Oromia).The combined populations of the five banks are 75,350 customers, 12 managers, and a
few selected employees.
3.5. Sampling Method and Sample size Determination
3.5.1. Sampling Method
The researcher was used employees, and customers of the banks. A simple random sampling
selecting procedure applied to represent the population of banks. The researcher employed the
purposive sampling technique. The main justification for choosing simple random sampling is
that it accurately represents the population and gives each bank an equal chance of getting
chosen.
To get a sample of responders, a multi-stage sampling process was used. Jigjiga City was
purposefully chosen for the initial stage due to the greater number of Commercial banks. In the
second phase, the city's commercial banks were purposefully chosen. In the third step, consumers
from each branch's commercial banks were identified using proportional probability to size after
we had been randomly chosen by simple random sampling. Convenience sampling was then
employed to gather data from the sample respondents once sample sizes from each branch had
been determined. As a non-probability sampling technique, convenience sampling selects a
sample from the population that is easily accessible, nearby, or convenient. Thus, in the selected
branches questionnaire was distributed to customers on a walk in basis i.e. questionnaire is given
to a customer who just arrived to get the service until the expected number of sample from the
selected branch was satisfied.
3.5.2. Sample size Determination
For this study, the sample size is determined based on (Yamane, 1967) formula equation for
calculating sample size for known population with a 95% confidence level.
n = N/1+N (e) 2
= 75,350/1+75,350(0.05)2
= 398
8. International Journal of Humanities, Art and Social Studies (IJHAS), Vol. 7, No.3, August 2022
38
3.6. Source and Method of Data Collection
3.6.1. Source of Data
There are essentially two types of information sources utilized for research: primary and
secondary. Primary sources are those that call for a fresh survey to be taken in order to acquire
data from customers and employees at various levels of inquiry. For this study, the researcher
used primary sources in order to fulfill the study's goal.
3.6.2. Primary data
The primary data was gathered via an interest-free banking customer questionnaire and a
manager interview. A questionnaire is a collection of thoughtfully crafted questions intended to
elicit a trustworthy response. The primary data for the study was gathered from selected samples
using a questionnaire, which consists of a number of questions printed or typed in a specific order
on a form of closed-ended questions. The questionnaire was used to get the opinions of customers
on the factors that influence their intent to use interest-free banking products and services from
commercial banks in Ethiopia (the case of Jigjiga city).
3.6.3. Method of Data collection
Three sections made up this method of data collection: The first section focuses on obtaining
specific demographic data about the respondents, the second section on gathering information via
questions, and the third section on obtaining interviews. The fifth section looked at factors
influencing customers' intentions to use interest-free banking services and products in Jigjiga
City. The use of a questionnaire as a data gathering tool makes it simpler to code and analyze the
data that has been gathered. Data from the main sources was gathered through interviews and
questionnaires. One of the best tools for collecting data for survey research is the questionnaire,
which has the advantage of requiring less time, effort, and money from the researcher.
Both English and Somali were used to compile the questionnaire that was given to the customer.
The Likert scale was used to grade the questionnaire's closed-ended section. Likert scales are a
widely common rating scale for evaluating ordinal data in social science research, according
to (bhattacherjee, 2012). Likert scale items are straightforward statements on a five-point scale
from "strongly disagree" to "strongly agree" on which respondents can express their levels of
agreement or disagreement. As a result, the researcher used the Likert scale approach to collect
the data. This method uses a five-point Likert scale to express the respondents' level of agreement
or disagreement with a statement, with responses ranging from strongly disagree to strongly
agree.
3.6.4. The method of data analysis
To achieve the first specific objectives, descriptive analysis would be used; primary data would
be collected from IFB customers via structured questionnaires; structured interviews would be
collected from managers’ banks; and unstructured interviews would be collected from staff.
Variable mean and demographic characterization of respondents and econometrics such as
Pearson correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze the data. The
qualitative data, which is an interview, was collected by taking written notes during the interview.
9. International Journal of Humanities, Art and Social Studies (IJHAS), Vol. 7, No.3, August 2022
39
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The descriptive analysis and SPSS V.25 were used to interpret the raw data. The factors
influencing a customer’s intention to use interest-free banking products and services of
commercial banks in Ethiopia (the case of Jigjiga city) Primary data was collected from the
customers of the interest-free banks through distributing questionnaires to the managers and staff.
Dependent variables, independent variables, and correlation analysis were used. Multiple linear
regressions were also used.
4.1. Pearson Correlation Analysis
Correlations are the measure of the linear relationship between two variables (Books, Chris,
2008). To find the association of the independent variables with dependent variable, Pearson
product moment of correlation coefficient was used. A correlation coefficient has a value ranging
from -1 to 1. Values that are closer to the absolute value of 1 indicates perfectly positive
relationship between the variables being correlated and values closer to 0 indicates no linear
relationship whereas value closer to -1indicates perfectly negative relationship between the
variables.
Table 1. Correlations matrix among intention to use and its predictors
C o r r e l a t i o n s
I T U A T T A W S P B C S N
I T U PearsonCorrelation 1 . 5 3 4 * * -.319* * . 7 1 4 * * . 8 7 0 * *
Sig.(2-tailed) 0 0 0 0
N 3 9 8 3 9 8 3 9 8 3 9 8 3 9 8
A T T PearsonCorrelation . 5 3 4 * * 1 -.281* * . 3 1 5 * * . 3 1 2 * *
Sig.(2-tailed) 0 0 0 0
N 3 9 8 3 9 8 3 9 8 3 9 8 3 9 8
A W S PearsonCorrelation -.319** -.281** 1 0 . 0 6 7 - . 2 2 0 * *
Sig.(2-tailed) 0 0 0 . 1 7 9 0
N 3 9 8 3 9 8 3 9 8 3 9 8 3 9 8
P B C PearsonCorrelation . 7 1 4 * * . 3 1 5 * * 0 . 0 6 7 1 . 6 9 1 * *
Sig.(2-tailed) 0 0 0 . 1 7 9 0
N 3 9 8 3 9 8 3 9 8 3 9 8 3 9 8
S N PearsonCorrelation . 8 7 0 * * . 3 1 2 * * -.220* * . 6 9 1 * * 1
Sig.(2-tailed) 0 0 0 0
N 3 9 8 3 9 8 3 9 8 3 9 8 3 9 8
* * . C o r r e l a t i o n i s s i g n i f i c a n t a t t h e 0 . 0 1 l e v e l ( 2 - t a i l e d ) .
10. International Journal of Humanities, Art and Social Studies (IJHAS), Vol. 7, No.3, August 2022
40
As shown in the above correlation matrix table 4.16, the correlation coefficient value shows that
the customers' attitude, perceived behavioral control, and subjective norm had a positive
correlation with the intention to use (r = 0.534**), (r = 0.714**), and (r = 0.870**) respectively.
From the above correlation matrix, the relationship of all of the predictors with the intention to
use the customer's subjective norm correlates best with the outcome (r =.870**) and so it is likely
that this variable will best predict intention to use.
4.2. Multiple Linear Regression Analysis
A regression model was used to determine how the independent variables affected the dependent
variable. The proportion of the variance of the dependent variable about its mean that is
explained by the independent variables is measured by the coefficient of determination R2 ( (Hair
R. A., 1998)). All of the variables have both a tolerance test and a variance inflation factor (VIF)
for the predictive variables shown in the table (MLR) (Kleinbaum, 2002).All of the predictors'
VIFs are below 10 and none of the tolerance levels are greater than or equal to 0.1, demonstrating
the success of these analyses. This indicates that it doesn't have a multicollinearity issue for this
study.
Table 2. Model Summary independent variables on Intention to use
M o d e l S u m m a r y
M o d e l R R S q u a r e Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate
1 .928a 0 . 8 6 2 0 . 8 6 1 0 . 9 6 5
a . P r e d i c t o r s : ( C o n s t a n t ) , S N , A W S , A T T , P B C
Table 3. ANOVA independent variables on Intention to use.
A N O V A a
M o d e l Sum of Squares D f Mean Square F S i g .
1 Regression 2 2 8 3 . 6 6 1 4 5 7 0 . 9 1 5 613.319 . 0 0 0 b
R e s i d u a l 3 6 5 . 8 2 9 3 9 3 0 . 9 3 1
T o t a l 2 6 4 9 . 4 9 3 9 7
a . D e p e n d e n t V a r i a b l e : I T U
b . P r e d i c t o r s : ( C o n s t a n t ) , S N , A W S , A T T , P B C
The model is statistically significant at a 5% level of significance according to the information in
the table above (F value = 613.319, p-value = 0.000 0.05). The R-squared values of 0.862 in the
example above demonstrate how much of the variation in the dependent variable can be
attributed to explanatory factors. According to the table's R-square values, the independent
variables account for 86.2% of the variation in the dependent variable, while the remaining
13.8% is determined by unknown causes.
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Table 4. shows the findings from a regression model comparing consumer usage intention and its predictor
Coefficientsa
M o d e l Unstandardized Coefficients StandardizedCoefficients Collinearity Statistics
B Std. Error B e t a T S i g . Tolerance V I F
1 (Constant) 2 . 9 0 3 0 . 5 6 4 5 . 1 5 . 0 0 0
A T T 0 . 2 3 0 . 0 2 0 . 2 3 4 1 1 . 3 . 0 0 0 0 . 8 0 9 1 . 2 3 6
A W S - 0 . 1 2 1 0 . 0 1 9 - 0 . 1 3 5 - 6 . 3 7 . 0 0 0 0 . 7 8 6 1 . 2 7 2
P B C 0 . 3 0 1 0 . 0 3 7 0 . 2 2 8 8 . 1 4 . 0 0 0 0 . 4 4 6 2 . 2 4 1
S N 0 . 6 5 7 0 . 0 3 0 . 6 1 2 1 . 8 . 0 0 0 0 . 4 5 1 2 . 2 1 7
In view of this, it was determined that the table's Beta values and p-values represent the effects of
each element on customer intention to use the aforementioned table shows that attitude,
subjective Norms, and perceived behavioral control all have a significant impact on a customer's
intention to use interest-free banking goods and services. The findings demonstrate that attitude
(=0.267 T value = 13.059, p-value =.000 0.05), subjective norm (=0.783 T value = 24.461, p-
value =.000 0.05), and perceived behavioral control (=0.217 T value = 5.986, p-value =.000 0.05)
all predict the intention to use interest-free banking products and services.
4.3. Summary of Hypothesis Testing
As a result, it was found that the beta values and pvalues in the table represent the interactions bet
ween the variables.Results of the study, where tvalues are used to determine the significance and
beta values are used to represent the coefficients of regression,As was expected, higher tvalues ar
e found for regression coefficients with higher values.he rule (George, 2003), specifies that p-
values less than 0.05 and t-values greater than two (T > 2) are significant and are used to select
which hypotheses to test.
Table 5 Summary of hypotheses testing
Factors M e a n S t d . Beta. T-Values S i g . Decision on Hypothesis
I T U 2 3 . 5 1 2 . 5 8 3 5 . 1 4 8 . 0 0 0
A T T 2 0 . 6 1 2 . 6 3 9 0 . 2 3 4 1 1 . 2 5 . 0 0 0 Failed to reject H1
A W S 9 . 1 8 2 . 8 7 9 -0.135 -6.368 . 0 0 0 r e j e c t H 2
P B C 1 6 . 2 1 1 . 9 5 9 0 . 2 2 8 8 . 1 4 2 . 0 0 0 Failed to reject H3
S N 1 8 . 4 2 2 . 3 9 8 0 . 6 1 21.846 . 0 0 0 Failed to reject H4
Summary of hypotheses testing in this study Linear Regression was used to test the research
hypotheses. The shows the summarized results of the hypotheses tested.The customer Intention to
Use variables' average value was 23.51, which shows that respondents intend to use IFB products
in the future. I am interested in using IFB goods and will give using interest-free banking services
considerable consideration. Due to the country's high potential demand and the community's
persistent requests for it, interest-free banking will be utilized in the future.
The customer's intention to use interest free banking goods and services is significantly
influenced by Attitude at (=0.234 T value = 11.250, p value =.000<0.05).).This supports the conc
lusions of (Azouzi, 2014), (Aziz, Empirical Investigation of Customers’ Perception and Adoption
Towards Islamic Banking Services in Morocco, 2012) (Hassanuddeen Abd. Aziz ab A. E., 2015).
At a 5% significance level, it was discovered that attitude had a substantial impact on customers'
intentions to use interest free banking goods and services. As a result, the alternative hypothesis
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42
is rejected and the null hypothesis is accepted. The results show that customers' favorable
perceptions of interest-free banking encouraged them to use Attitude has a favorable impact on
one's intention to use interest-free banking products and services, which is important. The
average of the Attitude variables was 20.61, indicating that interest-free banking is the norm. It is
beneficial to use Interest Free Banking services, I think its introduction was a wonderful concept,
and I think using IFB goods will enhance my financial situation and my ability to solve business
problems. The outcome demonstrates that customers' positive attitudes regarding interest-free
banking encouraged them to use it.
The intention to use interest-free banking products and services is significantly influenced by
customers awareness (beta =-.135T value =-6.368, p-value =.000 0.05).Thus, the alternative
hypothesis is accepted and the null hypothesis is rejected, in line with the findings of (Hassan A.
S., 2016). Therefore, the null hypothesis is accepted and the alternative hypothesis is rejected.
The average of the customer awareness variables was 9.18, which shows that the bank's interest-
free banking products don't meet current customer service demands, are hard to distinguish from
conventional offerings, aren't well-known to customers, and don't convince them that IFBs are
available to both Muslims and non-Muslims.
The sole type of IFB products available is Murabaha financing, which is fairly straightforward
and low-risk since it merely involves buying and selling goods to customers at a predetermined
profit margin. Additionally, alternative financing options the legal system of the country does not
support the collaboration that is required by Ike Musharaka between the bank and the consumer.
The country's legal system does not support Istisna, which concentrates on funding building,
while Ijarah takes interest into account.
Perceived behavioral control has a positive influence on the intention to use interest-free banking
products and services significant at (β=0.228 T value = 8.142, p-value =.000 < 0.05).This finding
is consistent with findings of (Kaabachi, 2016), (Hassan Abdu, 2015). The factors of Perceived
Behavioral Control had a mean in terms of knowledge of 16.21. I would have the option to
continue utilizing interest-free banking services if I so desired. While these services are better,
overall, government assistance for their expansion is less beneficial.
Subjective norm has a positive influence on the intention to use interest-free banking products
and services significant at Norm (β=0.775 T value = 29.644, p-value =.000 < 0.05). Hence, null
hypothesis accepted and alternative hypothesis rejected. This finding is consistent with findings
of this result is supported by, (Azouzi, 2014) (Amin, 2011). Subjective norm was discovered to
have positive relationship with intention to use Islamic banking products and services among
customers. The mean of the variable of Subjective Norm was 18.42, which indicators have as the
respondents such as the influence of their family, close friend, and most important people. Their
response shows that Subjective norm has a positive influence towards using Interest-free banking
products and services.
5. DISCUSSION
This study used cross-sectional data from a commercial bank in Jigjiga city to examine the
factors that affect customers' intentions to use interest-free banking products and services in
commercial banks in Ethiopia. 398 observations were collected using sampling strategies, both
probability- and non-probability-based, in a multistage sampling process. The first step was to
deliberately choose Jigjiga City.
The second step was to deliberately choose commercial banks in Jigjiga city. Third, a simple
random sample process was used to choose a random consumer from each of four commercial
13. International Journal of Humanities, Art and Social Studies (IJHAS), Vol. 7, No.3, August 2022
43
banks. Secondary and primary sources of information were used to gather the study's data.
Various documents were examined to gather secondary data, which was combined with primary
data using a structured questionnaire. Descriptive and econometric analyses were used to
properly examine the data and information gathered. Internal consistency measures like
Cronbach's alpha reliability and model fit should be considered prior to hypothesis testing. As
predicted, the explanatory variable identified factors that affect customers' intentions to use
interest-free banking goods and services offered by commercial banks in Jigjiga, Ethiopia. The
bank has very little activity in creating customer knowledge of the various interest-free banking
products and services available to Muslims and non-Muslims, as well as how Islamic banking can
be used by both groups. Customers also have limited faith in the bank and little interest in its
offerings.
6. CONCLUSIONS
There is low awareness creation activity in the bank about the types of interest-free banking
products and services and understanding of Islamic banking that are available for Muslims and
non-Muslims. The bank is trusted by its customers poorly, and its products and services are less
attractive to customers. Media influence is less to attract the customers due to lack of segregating
the IFB business from the conventional business. The majority of the respondents perceive that
the service of the IFB is similar to the conventional banking system, and having this perception
by customers would adversely affect the growth of the business by repealing potential customers
from the banks.
Customers of banks have positive attitudes regarding using interestfree banking products and serv
ices, which is well influenced by societal limitations. Customers' intents to use interest-free
banking products and services from commercial banks are significantly positively influenced by
attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control, according to research. The coefficient
of multiple linear regression model determination of R-square values was estimated to be 0.848,
indicating that the model's independent variables account for 84.8 percent of the variation in the
dependent variable. The inclination to utilize interest-free banking products and services is
positively influenced by perceived behavioral, attitude control, and subjective norms.
If it includes all banks in Ethiopia, this study might be exhaustive and all-inclusive in gathering
data and providing a thorough understanding of the intention to use interest-free banking products
and services. However, an effort was made to limit the extent and dimension of the study with
regard to: - The topical scope -breadth and depth, - The time available, the financial resources,
and the facilities, in order to make the study more manageable.
Moreover, future research will be enlarging the scope of the study to erase the negative
perception of Interest free banking products and services. Furthermore, future research should
consider replicating this study in other institutions, business unit, cultures, city, regions and other
variables. The present study used interest free banking products and services account holders‟
only to examine toward intention to use Interest free banking products and services so; the future
should consider other account holders.
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AUTHOR
Abdi Hassen Habib is a Lecturer in Kebr Dehar University since October, 2019. He
obtained MBA degree from Ambo University in Finance, and BSc degree in
Accounting and Finance from Jigjiga University in. 2021 and 2018 GC respectively